Sim Cri 313 (Revise)

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
2nd Floor, GET Building

Telefax Matina Campus, Davao City
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
University of Mindanao
College of Criminal Justice Education
Criminology
Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged
Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for Self-Directed Learning (SDL)
Course/Subject: CRI 313/ Institutional Correction
MECHELLE C. GEMPESAO
THIS SIM/SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY: NOT FOR REPRODUCTION AND
DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE OF ITS INTENDED USE. THIS IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE USE OF
THE STUDENTS WHO ARE OFFICIALLY ENROLLED IN THE COURSE/SUBJECT.
EXPECT REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL
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Table of Contents
Cover Page 1
Table of Contents 2
Course Outline 5
Self-Instructional Module Policy 6
Unit Learning Outcomes A (Big Picture) Week 1-3 10
Metalanguage 10
Essential Knowledge (Concepts, theories, lessons, computations) 11
History of Correction 11
Philippine Correctional System 11
Over view of Philippine Criminal Justice System and its 11
Components
Functions of the Components of the Criminal Justice System 11
Early Forms of Punishment 12
Definition and History of Correction 12
Modern Concept of Penology and the Jails 14
Purpose of confinement 15
Basic Principles of Correction 15
Definition of Terms 15
Jails and Types of Jails 16
BJMP Mission, Objectives and Principles 16
Qualifications for Key Position in the BJMP 17
Duties and Responsibilities of Key Officers 17
Courts and Other Entities Authorized to Commit a Person to Jail 17
Categories of Inmates 18
Classification of Prisoners 18
Classification of Detainees 18
Let’s Check (Activities/Exercises) 19
Let’s Analyze (Activities/Exercises) 21
Nutshell 23
Q&A List 25
Unit Learning Outcomes B (Big Picture) Week 4-6 26
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Metalanguage 26
Inmates Security Classification 27
Requirements for Commitment 27
Reception Procedures 28
Punishable Acts 29
Penal Institutions of the Philippines 30
History of Early Prisons 30
Bureau of Corrections Under the DOJ 30
The Seven Operating Units of the BUCOR 30
Admission, Confinement and Classifications of Inmates 31
Admission Procedures 31
Classification of Inmates 32
General Classification of Prisoners 32
General Classification of Jail Inmates 32
Classification as to Sentence 32
Classification as to Security Status 32
Color of Uniform as to Security Status 33
Nutshell 39
Q&A List 40
Unit Learning Outcomes C (Big Picture) Week 7-9 40
Metalanguage 40
Diversification and Classification of Inmates as to Entitlement of 41
Privileges
Diversification Concept and Importance 41
Classification of Inmates as to Entitlement of Privilege 41
Privileges of the Colonists 41
Confinement and Accommodation of Inmates 42
Place of Confinement 42
Prison Accommodation Standard 42
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Transfer of Inmates 42
Authority to Transfer and Place of Transfer 42
Outside Movements of Inmates 43
Authority, Instances and Procedures 43
Rights and Privileges of Inmates 43
Prison Labor and Rules and Regulations Implemented in the 44
Prison Institution
Prison Labor and Procedures 44
Compensation Credits 44
Time Allowance for Good Conduct and Loyalty 45
Authority to Grant 45
Effects of GCTA 45
Computation of GCTA 45
Revocation and Restoration of GCTA 45
Special Allowance for Loyalty 45
Inmate Communication 45
Right to Communicate 45
Censorship of Mail Matters and Guidelines 45
Exercise of Religious Beliefs and Practices 45
Marriage of Inmates and Detainees 46
Pecuniary Aid to Inmates, Discipline and Punishment of Inmates 46
and Inmate’s Service
Authority, Guidelines and Procedures 46
Release of Inmates and Escort Procedures 46
Release of Inmates: Basis; Authority and Procedures 49
Escort Procedures 49
Salient Provisions on Rules on Parole 49
Nutshell 54
Q&A List 56
Final Exam 56
Keywords Index 57
Course Schedules 58
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Course Outline: CRI 313- Institutional Correction
Course Coordinator Mechelle C. Gempesao
Email mgempesao@umindanao.edu.ph
Student Consultation Done online (LMS) or traditional contact

(calls, texts, emails)
Mobile Number 0951-376-2850
Effectivity Date June 2020
Mode of Delivery Online Blended Delivery
54 Hours
Time Frame
None
Requisites
Student Workload Expected Self-Directed Learning
Credit 3 Lecture
Attendance Requirements For online sessions: minimum of 95%

attendance; for 2-days on-campus/onsite
final exam: 100% attendance
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Self-Instructional Materials Policy

Areas of concern Details
Contact and Non-contact Hours This 3-unit course self-instructional manual is designed
for blended learning mode of instructional delivery with
scheduled face to face or virtual sessions. The
expected number of hours will be 108 hours. This
includes the face to face or virtual sessions. The face
to face sessions shall include the summative
assessment tasks (exams) since this course is crucial
in the licensure examination for criminologists.
Assessment Task Submission Submission of assessment tasks shall be on 3rd, 5th,
7th and 9th week of the term. The assessment paper
shall be attached with a cover page indicating the title
of the assessment task (if the task is performance),
the name of the course coordinator, date of
submission and name of the student. The document
should be emailed to the course coordinator. It is also
expected that you already paid your tuition and other
fees before the submission of the assessment task. If
the assessment task is done in real time through the
features in the Blackboard Learning Management
System, the schedule shall be arranged ahead of time
by the course coordinator.
Turnitin Submission Since this course is included in the licensure
(if necessary) examination for criminologists, you will be required to
take the Multiple-Choice Question exam inside the
University. This should be scheduled ahead of time by
your course coordinator. This is non-negotiable for all
licensure-based programs.
To ensure honesty and authenticity, all assessment
tasks are required to be submitted through Turnitin with
a maximum similarity index of 30% allowed. This
means that if your paper goes beyond 30%, the
students will either opt to redo her/his paper or explain
in writing addressed to the course coordinator the
reasons for the similarity. In addition, if the paper has
reached more than 30% similarity index, the student
may be called for a disciplinary action in accordance
with the University’s OPM on Intellectual and Academic
Honesty.
Please note that academic dishonesty such as

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cheating and commissioning other students or people

to complete the task for you have severe punishments
(reprimand, warning, and expulsion).
Penalties for Late The score for an assessment item submitted after the
Assignments/Assessments designated time on the due date, without an approved
extension of time, will be reduced by 5% of the possible
maximum score for that assessment item for each day
or part day that the assessment item is late.
However, if the late submission of assessment paper
has a valid reason, a letter of explanation should be
submitted and approved by the course coordinator. If
necessary, you will also be required to present/attach
evidences.
Return of Assignments/ Assessment tasks will be returned to you two (2) weeks
Assessments after the submission. This will be returned by email or
via Blackboard portal.
For group assessment tasks, the course coordinator
will require some or few of the students for online or
virtual sessions to ask clarificatory questions to
validate the originality of the assessment task
submitted and to ensure that all the group members are
involved.
Assignment Re-submission You should request in writing addressed to the course
coordinator his/her intention to resubmit an
assessment task. The re-submission is premised on
the student’s failure to comply with the similarity index
and other reasonable grounds such as academic
literacy standards or other reasonable circumstances
e.g. illness, accidents financial constraints
Re-marking of Assessment You should request in writing addressed to the program
Papers and Appeal coordinator your intention to appeal or contest the
score given to an assessment task. The letter should
explicitly explain the reasons/points to contest the
grade. The program coordinator shall communicate
with the students on the approval and disapproval of
the request.
If disapproved by the course coordinator, you can

elevate your case to the program head or the dean with
the original letter of request. The final decision will
come from the dean of the college.
Grading System All culled from BlackBoard sessions and traditional
contact
Course discussions/exercises – 30%
1st formative assessment – 10%
2nd formative assessment – 10%
3rd formative assessment – 10%
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All culled from on-campus/onsite sessions (TBA):

Final exam – 40%
Submission of the final grades shall follow the usual
University system and procedures.
Preferred Referencing Style All outputs in this course which requires the indication
of references shall follow the general practice of the
APA 6th Edition.
Student Communication You are required to create a umindanao email account
which is a requirement to access the BlackBoard
portal. Then, the course coordinator shall enroll the
students to have access to the materials and resources
of the course. All communication formats: chat,
submission of assessment tasks, requests etc. shall be
through the portal and other university recognized
platforms.
You can also meet the course coordinator in person

through the scheduled face to face sessions to raise
your issues and concerns.
For students who have not created their student email,

please contact the course coordinator or program head
Contact Details of the Dean Dr. Carmelita B. Chavez
Email: carmelita_chavez@umindanao.edu.ph
Phone (082)300-5456
Contact Details of the Program Dr. Roberto R. Magbojos
Head Email: roberto_magbojos@umindanao.edu.ph
Phone (082)300-5456
Students with Special Needs Students with special needs shall communicate with
the course coordinator about the nature of his or herds
shall communicate with special needs. Depending on
the nature of the need, the course coordinator with the
approval of the program coordinator may provide
alternative assessment tasks or extension of the
deadline of submission of assessment tasks. However,
the alternative assessment tasks should still be in the
service of achieving the desired course learning
outcomes.
Online Tutorial Registration You are required to undergo a tutorial on this course.
Upon enrolment and the registration of your name to
Blackboard LMS, the Course Coordinator will contact
you on the specific schedule of the tutorial which shall
be conducted within the 1st week of the class.
Help Desk Contact ccje@umindanao.edu.ph
Library Contact Brigida E. Bacani

Head- LIC
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Library@umindanao.edu.ph
09513766681
Well-being Welfare Support 09504665431/ 09058924090
Help
Course Information:
The course covers an examination of the history, philosophy and objectives of

imprisonment and the development of prisons. A study of institutional agencies in the
Philippines, to include BJMP which oversees city and municipal jails; provincial jails
and the Bureau of Corrections and their institutions in terms of their structures,
management, standards, programs and services. A critical analysis of the laws
creating these agencies to determine areas of possible improvement.
CC’s Voice: Hello prospective criminologists! Welcome to this course CORAD 1-

Institutional Correction. By now, I am confident that you really wanted to
become criminologists and that you have visualized yourself already practicing
your respective professions.
CO: Before the actual practice of your professions, you have to deal with one of the
major component of our criminal justice system as a future criminologist: Ensure
offender’s welfare and development for their reintegration to the
community. which is the ultimate course outcome (CO) of this subject. When
we talked about Institutional Correction as one of the areas of Correctional
Administration, comparing and contrast the past and present status of handling
prisoners and how corrections forms part of the overall criminal justice system,
is very difficult. Thus, in this course you are expected to learn the basic
knowledge of all laws relating to the administration and management of penal
institutions. Discuss the organizational structure, powers and functions of the:
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, Provincial Jails Bureau of
Corrections, and the functions and responsibilities of their personnel; and
Explain the principles of custody, security and control of inmates and
applications thereof.
Let us begin!
Big Picture
Week 1-3: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to
a.Explain deeply the nature of the PCJS, History of early form of punishment and definition
of terminology use in the study of correction.
b.Discuss basic knowledge of all laws relating to the administration and management of
penal institutions.
c.Demonstrate adequate understanding of the principles of custody, security and control
of inmates and applications thereof.
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a.Big Picture in Focus: ULOa. Explain deeply the nature of the PCJS, History of early
form of punishment and definition of terminology use in the study of correction.
Metalanguage
The most essential terms relevant to the study of this course and to demonstrate
ULOa are operationally defined to establish a common frame of reference as to how the
texts work in the course. You will encounter these terms as we go through the study of
course. Hence, to be able to fully appreciate the topics presented in this course, unlocking
the meaning of these terms is crucial.
● PENOLOGY. The study of punishment for crime or of criminal offenders. It

includes the study of control and prevention of crime through punishment of
criminal offenders.
● ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD PENOLOGY. The term is derived from the

Greek word “POINE” as well as Latin word “POENA” which means pain or
suffering and “LOGOS” which means study.
● PENAL MANAGEMENT. Refers to the manner or practice of managing or

controlling places of confinement as in jails or prisons.
● CORRECTION . A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the

custody, supervision and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.It is that field of
criminal justice administration that utilizes the body of knowledge and
practices of the government and the society in general involving the processes
of handling individuals who have been convicted of offenses for purposes of
crime prevention and control.
● CORRECTION AS A PROCESS. Refers to the reorientation of the criminal

offender to prevent him or her from repeating his deviant or delinquent actions
without the necessity of taking punitive actions but rather the introduction of
individual measures of reformation.
● CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION. The study and practice of a

systematic management of jails or prisons and other institutions concerned
with the custody, treatment, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
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Essential Knowledge
To perform the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes) for the first three (3)
weeks of the course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that will
be laid down in the succeeding pages. The topics presented in this section is taken from the
approved textbook of the course. Please note that you are not limited to exclusively refer to
the resources. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books, research articles and other
resources that are available in the university’s library e.g. ebrary, search.proquest.com
etc.
Philosophy and Theories of Penology
● Penology, also called Penal Science, is the division of criminology that concerns itself
with the philosophy and practice of society in its efforts to repress criminal activities. As
the term signifies (from Latin poena, “pain,” or “suffering”), penology has stood in the
past and, for the most part, still stands for the policy of inflicting punishment on the
offender as a consequence of his wrongdoing; but it may reasonably be extended to
cover other policies, not punitive in character, such as probation, medical treatment, and
education, aimed at the cure or rehabilitation of the offender; and this is, in fact, the
accepted present sense of the term.
The principal aims of penology are:

● to examine the ethical bases of punishment, and the motives and
purposes of society in inflicting it;
● to make a comparative study of penal laws and procedures through
history;
● to evaluate the social consequences of the policies in force at a given time.
The Types of Criminal Punishment
The idea of restorative justice is newer. Today’s experts in criminology see it as a valid
criminal punishment option. Those who judge the types of crimes and their punishments
typically use one of the following approaches to guide them.
Retribution
● This is one of the first forms of punishment – essentially the idea of “an
eye for an eye.” Those who favor retribution believe it gives the victims of
crime, or society as a whole, a sense of satisfaction knowing a criminal
received the appropriate level of punishment for the crime committed.
Lawmakers face the task of determining these appropriate levels of
punishment, which can range from speeding ticket fine amounts to
mandatory sentences for certain crimes.
Deterrence
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● Deterrence aims to prevent future crime and can focus on specific and
general deterrence. Specific deterrence deals with making an individual
less likely to commit a future crime because of fear of getting a similar or
worse punishment. General deterrence refers to the impact on members
of the public who become less likely to commit a crime after learning of
the punishment another person experienced.
Rehabilitation
● Rehabilitation seeks to prevent future crime by altering a criminal’s
behavior. This typically includes offering a host of programs while in
prison, including educational and vocational programs, treatment center
placement, and mental health counseling. This approach also typically
gives judges the flexibility to mix in rehabilitation programs as part of a
criminal’s sentencing. The goal is to lower the rate of recidivism, or people
committing another crime after getting released from prison.
Incapacitation
● This is another ancient approach that remains popular. Incapacitation
simply means removing a person from society. This includes incarceration
in prison, house arrest and, in its more dire form, execution. Many feel the
flaw in this approach is that it doesn’t address rehabilitation or recidivism,
the latter of which tends to remain high in societies that practice
incapacitation.
Restoration
● This new approach to criminal justice calls for the offender to make direct
amends to the victim of their crime, as well as the community where the
crime occurred. Judges use this approach mostly with juvenile offenders.
In this approach, the criminal and the victim meet so that the offender can
hear what the victim says about their experience with the crime committed.
The offender then strives to make amends and seek forgiveness.
These theories are intricately involved in studies on the types of crimes and their punishments.
Society developed each of them with the idea of ensuring appropriate punishment for criminals
and safety for society.
History and Forms of Punishment and Penalty
1. Introduction. In the late 1980s institutions for the confinement of convicts and the
detention of those awaiting trial included a variety of national prisons and penal farms as
well as numerous small local jails and lockups.
1.1 The Philippine Corrections System is composed of the institutions in the

government, civil society and the business sector involved in the confinement,
correction and restoration of persons charged for and/or convicted of delinquent acts
or crimes. The public sector formulates sound policies and rules on corrections,
penology and jail management, rehabilitation and restoration. All prisons or
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penitentiaries, jails and detention centres are under the direct control and supervision
of the government. The government, thus, plays a dominant role in the correction and
rehabilitation of offenders. The civil society which includes the non-government
organizations, people’s organizations, religious organizations, academe and the
media, provide support services such as health services, training, livelihood, spiritual
guidance and counselling. It is also active in advocacy and social mobilization for the
protection of inmates’ human rights and enhancement of access to justice. The
business sector has minimal participation in corrections services but offers
tremendous opportunities for improved efficiency and public sector exit options.
1.2 The methods presented in this chapter ranges from the techniques used during
ancient times to the present time. A brief explanation on how these are practiced is
also provided.
2. The Criminal Justice System of the Philippines and its Components. The Criminal
justice system of the Philippines (PCJS) is essentially the system or process in the
community by which crimes are investigated.
2.1 Functions of the Five Components in the Criminal Justice System. The
Criminal Justice System is the machinery of any government in the control and
prevention of crimes and criminality. It is composed of the pillars of justice such as:
(1)the Law Enforcement Pillar (Police), (2)the Prosecution Pillar, (3)the Court Pillar,
(4)the Correction Pillar, and (5)the Community Pillar.
2.1.1 Law Enforcement. Its function is to conduct an investigation on the

alleged crime committed by a person, to arrest or detain violator of the
penal law or an ordinance to effect the warrant issued by the court and to
assist the complainant to file a case.
2.1.2 Prosecution. Its function is to evaluate the findings of the police

submitted to their office, to conduct a preliminary investigation, to receive
the complaint filed by the victim and to be responsible to file information
to the court and to act as a legal prosecutor of the offended party.
2.1.3 Court. Its function is to conduct cross-examination of the witness

before the issuance of the warrant either warrant of arrest or search
warrant; to conduct arraignment and to hold trial before giving final
decision of the case.
2.1.4 Correction. Is considered as the weakest component of the CJS.

Its function is to reform the convicted offender through the rehabilitation
program inside the correction. This is because of its failure to deter
individuals in committing crimes as well as the reformation of inmates.
This is evident in the increasing number of inmates in jails or prisons.
Hence, the need of prison management is necessary to rehabilitate
inmates and transform them to become law-abiding citizens after their
release.
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2.1.5 Community. The function of the community pillar is to help and

coordinate the program of the government specifically on the
maintenance of peace and order.
3. Early Forms of Punishment in Primitive Time. The use of prisons can be traced back
to the rise of the state as a form of social organization. Corresponding with the advent of the
state was the development of written language, which enabled the creation of formalized
legal codes as official guidelines for society.
3.1.Blood Feuds. Ancient Culture developed the idea of justice based on

vengeance, retribution and compensation. Punishment was carried out by the victim
personal, along with help provided by ones family.
3.2 Lex Taliones. “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”. It is important to
remember that these formulations were codes not laws. Functionally, the system of
social control was quite simple, on a practical basis, personal retribution by the victim
was still the dominant methods of control. This Law of Retaliation against the
offender is reflected in the code of Hammurabi.
3.3 Iron Maiden. Is a box like device with the front half hinged like a door so that a
person could be placed inside; when the door was shut, protruding spikes both back
and front entered the body of the victim.
3.4 The Rack. A kind of device that drags apart the joints in the feet and hands.
3.5 The Tower of London. Originally built as a fortress for the defense of the City.
This is a famous symbol for such a cruel punishment.
3.6 Banishment and Exile. Serious offenders were transported to banishment or

exile. Banishment was considered an appropriate response to misbehavior even in
modified form. For small children.
4. Definition and History of Correction. Correction is a branch of the Criminal Justice

System concerned with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
Correction as a process is the orientation of the criminal offenders to prevent them from
repeating their delinquent actions with the necessity of taking punitive action, but rather an
introduction of individuals measures for reformation.
4.1. Origin of the Word Prison. The word prison has found its roots in the Greco
Roman word “Presidio” from word “Pre” means before and “Sidio” means inside.
The coined term presidio is synonymous to a Fence, Cave and or Dungeon. The
word presidio started in the reign of King Hammurabi of Babylon in 1729 BC.
4.1.1 The Gulag of Banaue. The term Gulag of Igorot tribes refers to
where the refuse is dumped. In simple term, a garbage heap, usually
found in the mountain creek or a crevice.
4.1.2 The Gulag of Germany. In the history of prison, an intriguing

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question arise whether this infamous Gulag prisons of “Aleksandr

Solzhenisyn” in Germany was the place where thousands of Jews were
slaughtered during the reign of Adolf Hitler.
4.1.3 The Gulag of Russia. It is a Russian acronym for corrective labor

camp: a penal institution established in 1918. After the Russian
revolution, this place was considered as the most dreaded and feared
prison at the time of Joseph Stalin between 1934 to 1947.
4.2 The Worlds Worst Infamy Prisons
4.2.1 Bastille Prisons. A fortress prison in Paris, France; Bastille was

a symbol of royal absolutism before the French revolution in 1370.
Originally it was intended to augment the cities defense. Political
leaders imprisoned in Bastille were VOLTAIRE and MARQUIS DE
SADE who were victims of ruthless persecutions.
4.2.2 Alcatraz Prisons. It is an island in San Francisco bay. It is the

site of infamous prison noted for its inhuman treatment and tortures.In
the year 1933, it became a federal prison and it was considered as
escape-proof because of its fortress-like structure and the cold current
in the surrounding waters.
4.2.3 Sachsenhausen Prison. A Nazi concentration camp in

Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936
to the end of the Third Reich in May 1945. The campground with the
remaining buildings is now open to the public as a museum.
4.2.4 Auschwitz Prison. Built by German near Cracow Poland, it was

popularly known as the death camp headed by Rudolph Hoess.
4.2.5 Insein Prison. Is situated in Rangoon Burma, now Myanmar. It

was used largely to repress political dissidents. The prison is notorious
worldwide for its inhumane conditions, corruption, abuse of inmates,
and use of mental and physical torture. Human rights advocates further
inflamed the world’s outrage when the daughter of assassinated
general Aung San who planned coup de etat and the father of a known
Democratic fighter in Myanmar in the person of Suu Kyi.
4.3 Development of Prisons
4.3.1 The Walnut Street Jail. Originally, constructed as a detention jail

in Philadelphia. It was converted into a state prison and became the
first American penitentiary.
4.3.2 The Auburn System. The Auburn system (also known as the
New York or Congregate System) is a penal method of the 19th century
in which persons worked during the day in groups and were kept in
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solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times. Among

its feature was the confinement of the prisoners in single-cell at night
and congregate work in shops during day time.
4.3.3 The Pennsylvania Prisons. This is the rival penitentiary system

of the Auburn. Its feature consist the solitary confinement of the
prisoners in their own cell day and night where they lived, slept,
received religious instructions and read the bible.
5. THE SCHOOL OF PENOLOGY
5.1 CLASSICAL SCHOOL. It maintains the “doctrine of psychological

hedonism” or “free will”. That the individual calculates pleasures and pains in
advance of action and regulates his conduct by the result of his calculations.
Advocated by Dr. Cesare Bacarria. A Person who commits a crime knows
already what the possible consequences Doctrine of Free Will.
5.2 POSITIVE SCHOOL OF THOUGHT. The school denied individual

responsibility and reflected non-punitive reactions to crime and criminality. It
adheres that crimes, as any other act, is a natural phenomenon. Criminals are
considered as sick individuals who need to be treated by treatment programs
rather than punitive actions against them. Advocated by Dr. Cesare Lombroso
known as the Father of Criminology Opposed the Doctrine of Free Will. Should
not punished instead they must be treated as a sick person.
5.3 NEO- CLASSICAL SCHOOL. It maintained that while the classical doctrine
is correct in general, it should be modified in certain details. Since children and
lunatics (insane persons) cannot calculate the differences of pleasures from
pain, they should not be regarded as criminals; hence they should be free from
punishment. Simply, as a school of thought that assumes criminal behavior as
situationally dynamic and individually-determined. Neoclassical theories of
crime assert that deterring, reducing, or eliminating crime can occur through
stricter child-rearing practices, enhanced punishments, and/or an increase in
surveillance and security.
6. MODERN CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY. Modern penology dates from the publication of

Cesare Beccaria’s pamphlet on Crimes and Punishments in 1764. This represented a school
of doctrine, born of the new humanitarian impulse of the 18th century, with which Jean-
Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu in France and Jeremy Bentham in England
were associated. This, which came afterwards to be known as the classical school, assumed
every criminal act to be a deliberate choice determined by a calculation of the prospective
pleasures and pains of the act contemplated. All that was needed to overcome the criminal
purpose was to provide for each and every crime a penalty adequate to overbalance its
assumed advantages. Excessive penalties, such as death, were unnecessary and therefore
unjust.
7. PURPOSE OF CONFINEMENT. The Bureau of Correction has its own two purposes of
confinement of the offenders or persons committed to prisons. To segregate them from the
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society; and to rehabilitate them so that upon return to society they shall be responsible and
law abiding citizens.
8. THREE (3) BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CORRECTION. Seek to promote discipline and to

secure the reformation, and safe custody of inmates; Justice shall be applied impartially,
without discrimination on grounds of race, colors, genders, language, religion or other
opinion, nationality or social origin, property, birth and or other status; and Justice shall be
enforced with firmness but tempered with understanding.
9. DEFINITION OF TERMS COMMONLY USED IN THE CORRECTIONAL STUDY
9.1 Prison. Refers to a penal establishment under the control of the Bureau of
Corrections and shall include the New Bilibid Prisons and other correctional
institutions.
9.2 Competent Authority. Refers to the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals,

Regional Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court, Sandigan Bayan, and Military
Court, including the House of Representatives, Senate, Commission on
Elections, etc.
9.3 Inmate. Refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by a court to serve

a maximum term of imprisonment of more than three years or to a fine more
than one thousand pesos.
9.4 Detainee. A person who is confined in prison pending preliminary

investigation, trial or appeal or upon legal process issued by competent
authority.
9.5 Death Convict. Refers to an inmate whose death penalty is imposed by a

Regional Trial Court , which is affirmed by the Supreme Court En Banc.
9.6 Superintendent. Refers to the one in charge of prisons.
9.7 Carpeta. Refers to the institutional record of inmates which consists of;
Mittimus Commitment Order, Prosecutors information and the decision of the
trial court including the Appellate Court.
9.8 Prison Record. Refers to refers to information concerning an inmate’s

personal circumstances, the offense he committed, the sentence imposed.
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References:
1. Cullen, F. (2017). Correctional theory: context and consequences 2nd, Los

Angeles : SAGE
2. Dolinen-Gahar L. (2013). Handbook on Institutional Correction, Rex Book Store
Inc., Quezon City
3. Manwong, R.( 2014). Corrections & restorative justice. Quezon City : Wiseman's
Books Trading.
4. Scott, D. (2014). Prisons & punishment: the essentials.(2nd ed). Los
Angeles :SAGE. 2nd
5. Tancangco, D L &Señar A L (2013). Philippine Correctional Administration, Quezon
City, Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc,
6. Villaluz, JC, Revisa, W A & Panganoron, C Jr (2012).Institutional Correction with
Addendum on E.O4103, Bureau Of Jail Management and Penology Manual
Let’s Check
Activity 1. After reading the topics presented under the Essential Knowledge, you are required to
perform this activity in order to check the level of your comprehension. Encircle the correct answer.
1. Ancient Culture developed the idea of justice based on vengeance, retribution and
compensation.
a. Blood feuds c. The rack
b. Lex taliones d. Iron maiden
2. An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth is what form of punishment?

a. Blood feuds c. Lex taliones
b. The rack d. Iron maiden
3. A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision, and
rehabilitation of criminal offenders?
a. Law Enforcement c. Community Based
b. Correction d. Court
4. A fortress prison in Paris, France wherein political leaders imprisoned like Voltaire and
Marquis De Sade who were victims of ruthless persecutions?
a.Alcatraz Prisons c. Auschwitz Prison
b. Sachsenhausen d. Bastille Prisons
5. Originally built as a fortress for defense of the City. This is a famous symbol for such a
cruel punishment.
a. Blood feuds c. The Tower of London
b. The rack d. Iron maiden
6. Its function is to evaluate the findings of the police submitted to their office and to conduct
preliminary investigation?
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a. Correction c. Prosecution
b. Court d. Law Enforcement
7. The place where thousands of Jews were slaughtered during the reign of Adolf Hitler.
a. The Gulag of Germany c. The Gulag of Russia

b. The Gulag of Banaue d. The Gulag of London
8. It is an island in San Francisco bay noted for its inhuman treatment and tortures.
a. Alcatraz Prisons c. Auschwitz Prison
b. Sachsenhausen d. Bastille Prisons
9. School of thought wherein a Person who commits a crime knows already what the possible
consequences?
a.Classical School c. Positivist School
b. Neo Classical School d. Neo Positivist School
10. A written order of the court or any other competent authority consigning an offender to a
jail or prison for confinement.
a.Mittimus Order c. Commitment Order
b. Court Order d. Police Order
11. The temporary custody of a person for his own protection, safety or care, and that of the
community from him.
a. Penal Institution c. Detainee
b. Safekeeping d. Prisoner
12. A place of confinement for offenders under investigation, awaiting or undergoing trial or
serving sentence.
a. Jail c. Imprisonment
b. Rehabilitation d. Correction
13. An act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or custody an offender.

a. Detained c. Escape
14. Should have the rank of ____________ for City Jail Warden/Wardress?
a. Jail Inspector c. Jail Superintendent
b. Jail Chief Inspector d. Jail Chief Superintendent
15. Inmate who is convicted by final judgement?

a. Prisoner c. Convicted
b. Detainee d. Guilty
16. Should have the rank of ____________ for Jail Regional Director?
a. Jail Inspector c. Jail Superintendent
b. Jail Chief Inspector d. Jail Senior Superintendent
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17. Inmate who is undergoing investigation/trial or awaiting trial/sentencing.

a. Penal Institution c. Detainee
18. A program of activity directed to restore and offenders self respect thereby making him
a law abiding citizen after serving his sentence?
a. Jail c. Imprisonment
b. Rehabilitation d. Correction
19. A branch of criminology which deals with management and administration of offenders?
a. Correction c. Institution
b. Rehabilitation d. Penology
20. A warrant issued by the court bearing its seals and signature of the judge, directing the
jail or prison authorities to receive offenders for custody or service of sentence imposed
therein?
a. Mittimus c. Commitment Order
b. Instrument of restraint d. Penology
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Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Based on what you had read on the topics presented you are required to write a
reflection on your understanding on the goals and history of institutional corrections and explain
why delivering evidence-based correctional treatment is necessary. Your reflection must utilize all
the lines provided below.
_
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Activity 2. 1. Discuss the role and functions of the five pillars of the Criminal Justice System in
relation to crime prevention and control. Use bullets forms for the answers.
FIVE PILLARS ROLES FUNCTIONS STRENGTH WEAKNESS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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In a Nutshell
Activity 1. There are a lot of early forms of punishment utilized before. Select at least three
forms used which you think considered the cruelest and brutal punishment of all time.
Explain and discuss further your choices.
1.
2.
3.
_
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Activity 2. The Philippine government, despite many difficulties, has taken and continues to take
concrete steps towards the improvement of its prison/jail conditions and the treatment of
offenders.In this part, you are required to discuss further the three (3) basic principles of
correction in the Philippines.
1.
2.
3.
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Activity 3. The topics presented under the Essential Knowledge gave you prior knowledge on
the history of correction, modern concepts of penology and BJMP. Classification of prisoners and
detainees were also discussed. In this part, you will be required to write five (5) words that catch
your mind and try to create important insights related to the words that you have selected.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Q&A LIST. This part allows you to list down all rising questions or issues. These questions
or issues will be raised in the Blackboard discussion feature. You can write your answers
after the clarification. This will help you in the review of concepts and essential knowledge.
Questions/Issues Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Big Picture in Focus: ULOb. Discuss basic knowledge of all laws relating to the
administration and management of penal institutions.
Metalanguage
For you to demonstrate ULO b, you will need to have an operational understanding of
the following terms below. Please note that you will also be required to refer to the previous
definitions found in ULOa section.
• Commitment Order. A written order of the court or any other competent authority
consigning an offender to jail or prison for confinement.
• Contraband. Any article, items or things prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules.
• Escape. An act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or custody of an offender.
• Instrument of restraint. A device, contrivance, tool, or instrument used to hold back, keep
in, check or control an offender eg. Handcuffs
• Jail. A place of confinement for offenders under investigation, awaiting or undergoing trial
or serving sentence.
• Mittimus. A warrant issued by the court bearing its seals and signature of the judge,
directing the jail or prison authorities to receive offenders for custody or service of the
sentence imposed therein.
• Penology. A branch of criminology that deals with the management and administration of
offenders.
• Rehabilitation. A program of activity directed to restore an offenders self respect thereby
making him a law-abiding citizen after serving his sentence.
• Safekeeping.The temporary custody of a person for his own protection, safety or care, and
that of the community from him.
• Offender. Either a prisoner or detainee confined in jail.
• Detainee. A person accused before a court or competent authority who is temporarily
confined in jail while undergoing or awaiting investigation, trial or final judgment.
• Prisoner.An offender who is convicted by final judgment.
Essential Knowledge
Prison reforms can only be achieved through the active involvement of all the members of
society. Each one has a responsibility in making these reforms possible. Decent and humane
prison conditions can be realized, and prisoners can be successfully rehabilitated if every sector
of society will work together. Explicitly comprehend deeply on the nature inmates security,
reception and diagnostic procedures, special needs for unusual offenders security control, duties
of the custodial force, definition, the seven penal institutions and the admission confinements and
classification of inmates. The topics presented from this chapter was taken from the approved
textbook of the course. Please note that you are not limited to exclusively refer to the resources.
Thus, you are expected to utilize other books, research articles and other resources that are
available in the university’s library e.g. ebrary, search.proquest.com etc.
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Prison and Jail system during the 19th and 20th centuries in advanced countries
Prison and Jail system during the 19th
• This digital collection exhibits several documents charting the emergence of the
Auburn Prison System. In the early to mid- 19th Century, US criminal justice was
undergoing massive reform.
• Prisons at this time were often in old buildings, such as castles. They tended to be
damp, unhealthy, insanitary and overcrowded. All kinds of prisoners were mixed in
together, as at Coldbath Fields: men, women, children; the insane; serious
criminals and petty criminals; people awaiting trial; and debtors.
• Prison reformers promoted the belief that prisons should be designed and run to
reform prisoners which became the dominant attitude in the 19th century. It was
believed that prisoners could be reformed through hard work, reflection and
Christian teaching inside prisons.
Prison and Jail system during the 20th
• By the start of the 20th century, attitudes towards prisons began to change.
Increasingly prisons were seen as a punishment in themselves. After 1945, the
rising crime rate has led to a massive increase in the prison population. This
has led to overcrowding and, at times, a lack of access to education and
courses.
• The crime rate increased in the 20th century, particularly after the 1960s. Many
new crimes have emerged due to the rapid technological, social, and economic
changes.
JAILS. The term jails is derived from the Spanish word “JAULO” which means cage. Originated
from the Spanish term ”CAULA” French word “GAOL” pronounce as “G’EOLE”. It is a place for
the arrested for debt of crime and was held in custody.
TYPES OF JAIL. Jail is a building or place for the confinement of arrested or sentenced
persons. It is usually made up of cells which are small rooms or enclosures where prisoners
are actually kept or confined.
Lock up Cells. Is a security facility for the temporary detention of persons held for
investigation
City Jail, Provincial and Municipal Jail. House both offenders awaiting court
actions, those serving short sentences usually up to three years only and juvenile
offenders pending for transfer to the social service agency.
Jail Bureau Mission, Objectives, and Principle. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
was created on January 2, 1991pursuant to RA 697 5under the DILG.
MISSION. Direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all
district city and municipal jails to effect to a better system of jail management
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nationwide.
OBJECTIVES. To improve the living conditions of offenders in accordance with the

accepted standards set by the United Nations. To enhance rehabilitation and
reformation of offenders in preparation for their eventual reintegration into the
mainstream of society upon their release. To professionalize jail services.
PRINCIPLES. It is the obligation of jail authorities to confine offenders safety and

provide rehabilitative programs that will negate criminal tendencies and restore their
positive values to make them productive and law-abiding citizens. No procedure or
system of correction shall deprive any offender of hope for his ultimate return to the
fold of the law and full membership in society. Unless proved otherwise any person
accused of a criminal offense shall be presumed innocent and his rights as a free
citizen shall be respected, except for such indispensable restraints during his
confinement in the interest of justice and public safety. Offenders are human beings
entitled to the same basic rights and privileges enjoyed by citizens in a fee society,
except that the exercise of these are limited or controlled for security reasons. Health
preservation and prompt treatment of illness or injury are the basic rights of every
person confined in jail. Members of the custodial force shall set themselves as an
example by performing their duties in accordance with the rules and shall respect
the laws duly constituted by authorities. No jail personnel shall use abusive, insulting
and indecent language on the offenders. No jail personnel shall use unnecessary
force on offenders, except for legitimate self defense or in cases of attempted active
and passive physical resistance to lawful order.
FUNCTIONS. a. formulate policies and guidelines in the administration of all district,

city and municipal jails nationwide; b. Implement strong security measures for the
control of inmates; c. Provide for the basic needs of inmates; d. Conduct activities
for the development of inmates. improve jail facilities; and f. promote the general
welfare and development of personnel.
CORE VALUES. Commitment; Respect for Human Rights; Efficiency/Competence;

Self-Discipline; and Teamwork.
JAIL PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATORS OFFICE. Headed by Provincial Administrator. To oversee

the implementation of jail services of all district, city and municipal jails within its territorial
jurisdiction.
District Jail. Within large cities or a group of clustered municipalities. Headed by a

District Warden
City and Municipal Jails. Within City and Municipal Area. Headed by a City or
Municipal Warden
Qualification for Key Position
Chief, BJMP. Should have the rank of Jail Senior Superintendent. Should be a
member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of Masters Degree in Management;
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Criminology or any. Should have satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or

career courses for such positions, including the Public Safety Officers Senior
Executive Course and; Should possess the required 3rd Level Eligibility.
Jail Regional Director. Should have the rank of Jail Senior Superintendent. Should
be a member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of Masters Degree in Management;
Criminology or any. Should have satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or
career courses for such positions, including the Public Safety Officers Senior
Executive Course and; Should possess the required 3rd Level Eligibility.
Jail Provincial Administrator. Should have the rank of Jail Superintendent. Should
be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of a Masters Degree or a holder of
Masters Degree in Management; Criminology or any. Should have satisfactorily
completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions, including the
Public Safety Officers Senior Executive course and; Should have been previously
assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service.
District Jail Warden/Wardress. Should have the rank of Jail Superintendent.

Should be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of a Masters Degree or a
holder of Masters Degree in Management; Criminology or any. Should have
satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions,
including the Public Safety Officers Senior Executive Course and; Should have been
previously assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service.
City Jail Warden/Wardress. Should have the rank of Jail Chief Inspector. Should
be a college graduate who must have finished at least second year of Bachelor of
Laws or at least twenty-Four (24) units in Masters Degree program. Should have
satisfactorily completed the mandatory training or career courses for such positions,
including the Public Safety Officers Senior Executive Course and; Should have been
previously assigned in a supervisory position in the jail service. In the case of City
Jails with an inmate population of one thousand (1000) or more, the City Jail Warden
should have the rank and qualifications of a District Jail Warden.
Categories of Inmates.
Prisoner. An inmate who is convicted by final judgment.
Detainee. Inmate who is undergoing investigation/trial or awaiting

trial/sentencing.
Classification of Prisoners
Insular Prisoner. One who is sentence to a prison term of three (3) years and one (1)
day to death.
Provincial Prisoner. One who is sentenced to a prison term of six (6) months and
one (1) day to three (3) years.
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City Prisoner. One who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to three (3) years.
Municipal Prisoner. One who is sentenced to a prison term of one day to six months.
CLASSIFICATION OF DETAINEES. Undergoing investigation; Awaiting or undergoing trial; and

Awaiting final judgment.
INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION (BJMP)
• High Risk Inmate. Refers to an inmate who has a capability and tendency
ofescaping or getting involved in violence and disturbances inside the jail as
observed personally by the jail personnel and the administration.
• High Profile Inmate. Refers to a legally detained person, classified as high risk or
low risk, prominent, well-known in society or is involved in a highly confidential case
or cases and sensationalized by media through publication in newsprint, radio and
television with nationwide coverage for not less than twenty (20) days, including
but not limited to prominent politicians, big time drug or gambling lords, kidnapping
syndicate leaders, police or military officers, terrorist group leaders and members.
• Ordinary Inmate. Refers to an inmate who is neither high risk nor high profile.
COMMITMENT OF PRISONERS OR DETAINEES TO JAILS. According to the BJMP Revised

Manual, a person can be committed to jail only upon the issuance of an appropriate order by a
competent court or authority. Section 1, Rule 1, Chapter 1, Book II of the said Manual enumerates
the courts and other entities authorized to commit a person to jail, and these are the: Supreme
Court, Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, Regional Trial Courts, Metropolitan Trial Courts,
Municipal Trial Courts, Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, Congress of the Philippines, and all other
administrative bodies or persons authorized by law to arrest and/or commit a person to jail.The
law requires that before a person may be committed to jail, there must be a commitment order or
a writ of mittimus.
Commitment Order. Is a written order of the court or any other competent authority
consigning an inmate to jail or prison for confinement.
Mittimus. Is a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the
judge, directing the jail or prison authorities to receive inmates for custody or service of
sentence imposed therein.
PROCEDURES IN CLASSIFICATION, ADMISSION AND CONFINEMENT OF INMATES IN

THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS. A decent and humane program of confinement starts with a
systematic reception of inmate for commitment to the BJMPs jails facilities.
PROCEDURES OBESERVED.
The Jail Desk officer carefully check the credentials of the person(s) bringing in the inmate
to determine his/her identity and authority.
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The Jail Desk Officer carefully examines the arrest report and the authenticity of the
commitment order or mittimus in due form to determine whether the inmate has been
committed under legal authority.
Person arrested by virtue of a Warrant of Arrest must secure a Commitment order from
the court where the Warrant of Arrest is issued before he can be committed to jail.
The admitting jail officer takes all cash and other personal property from the inmate, lists
them down on a receipt form in duplicate, duly signed by him/her and countersigned by
the inmate.
All cash and other valuable of the inmate must be turned over to the Property Custodian
for safekeeping and covered by official receipt.
The inmate is then fingerprinted and photographed.
The admitting jail booking report attaching thereto the inmates photograph for reference.
The newly admitted inmate shall be thoroughly strip searched. His/her clothing shall also
be carefully examined for contraband.
The Jail Medical Personnel will conduct a thorough examination of the inmate.
When the Jail Medical Personnel is not available the receiving officer shall observe the
mental alertness, overall appearance, physical abnormalities etc. (contagious disease will
be isolated immediately)
Medical record is accomplished by the Jail Medical Personnel or Local health officer.
Upon commitment, the inmate should be briefed or oriented in the jail rules and
regulations by the Chief Custodial Officer.
The sentenced inmates shall be provided by Jail Clothing.
The warden established and maintains a record of all inmates.
Upon completion of the reception procedure the detainee is assigned to his/her quarter.
The detainees should be issued all materials that he/she will be using during confinement.
Upon receipt of a detainee he/she shall be appraised preferably in the dialect he

understand.
PUNISHABLE ACTS
4.1 Minor Offenses
1. Selling or bartering with fellow offender items not classified as contraband.

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2. Rendering personal service to fellow offender.
3. Untidy or dirty in his personal appearance.
4. Littering or failing to maintain cleanliness and orderliness in his quarters and

or surroundings.
5. Making frivolous or groundless complaints.
6. Taking the cudgel for or reporting complaints on behalf of other offenders.
7. Late in formation or duty without justifiable reasons.
8. Willful waste of food.
5.2 Less Grave Offenses
1. Failure to report for work details without sufficient justification.
2. Failure to render assistance to an injured personnel or inmate.
3. Failure to assist in putting out fires inside the jail.
4. Acting boisterously during religious, social and other group functions.
5. Swearing, cursing or using profane or defamatory language, directed

personally towards other person.
6. Malingering or reporting for sick call to escape work assignment.
7. Spreading rumors or maliciously intriguing against the honor of any person,

particularly members of the custom dial force.
8.Failing to stand at attention and give due respect when confronted by or

reporting to any officer or member of the custodial force.
9. Forcing fellow inmates to render personal service to him and or others.
10. Exchanging uniform or wearing clothes other than those issued to him for
the purpose of circumventing jail rules.
11. Loitering or being in an unauthorized place.
12. Using the telephone without authority from the warden.
13. Writing defacing or drawing on walls, floors or any furniture or equipment.
14. Withholding information which is inimical and prejudicial to the jail

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administration.
15. Possession of lewd or pornographic literature and or photographs.
16. Absence from cell, brigade place of work during headcount, or at any time
without justification
17. Failing to turn over any implements
THE SEVEN PENAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES. The Bureau of Corrections maintains
7 Correctional Institutions and Penal Farms.
SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM. Established on August 21, 1869 in
Zamboanga City during the time of Governor General Ramon Blanco. It is believed that
it was Governor General Blanco who chose the name San Ramon, in honor of his patron
saint. It is the oldest operational prison in the country. It was built purposely for Muslim
rebels and political offenders who went against the Spanish government. Its original size
was 1,414 hectares. It was re-established in 1907 because it was destroyed during the
Spanish-American War. It was placed under the Bureau of Prisons on January 1, 1915
and to this day remains to be under the BuCor.
IWAHIG PENAL COLONY. Created on November 16, 1904 and is located in Puerto
Princesa Palawan, through the authority of Governor Luke Wright. Initially 28,072
hectares in size, it reached 41,007 hectares by virtue of Executive Order No. 67 issued
by Governor Newton Gilbert on October 15, 1912. Intended as a temporary place of
confinement for prisoners who could no longer be received in the Old Bilibid Prison in
Manila. But by 1907, it was already officially classified as a penal institution. Is an open
institution and it is subdivided into four (4) zones or districts: Central sub-colony, Sta.
Lucia, Montible and Inagawan.
CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN (CIW). On November 27, 1929, the

Correctional Institution for Women (CIW), originally called Women’s Prison, was created
under Act No. 3579, to provide separate facilities for women offenders. It is located at
Welfareville, Mandaluyong City. All female inmates from the Old Bilibid Prison were
transferred to the CIW on February 14, 1931. The facility was 18 hectares in size.
DAVAO PRISON AND PENAL FARM. Formerly called Davao Penal Colony, was
created pursuant to Act No. 3732 in January 21, 1932 and is located in the districts of
Panabo and Tagum in Davao del Norte. It originally was 30,000 hectares in size.
NEW BILIBID PRISON (NBP). Established in Muntinlupa by virtue of

Commonwealth Act No. 67. On November 15, 1940, all inmates of the Old Bilibid Prison
in Manila were transferred to the NBP. It became to be known officially as the New
Bilibid Prison on January 22, 1941. It has an area of 587 hectares. It is divided into three
compounds or camps: maximum security, medium security and minimum security
compounds. The medium security camp is called Camp Sampaguita, while the
minimum security camp is called Bukang Liwayway.
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SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM. Formerly Sablayan Penal Colony, was
established pursuant to Proclamation No. 72 issued on September 26, 1954. It is located
in Occidental Mindoro and is 16,190 hectares in size. It has three sub-colonies. It is here
in Sablayan that prisoners from the National Bilibid Prison are transferred to address
problems on overcrowding in the NBP.
LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON. Established by virtue of Proclamation No. 1101 issued

on January 16, 1973. It is located in Abuyog, Southern Leyte. This prison receives
convicted offenders from Region 6 and from the National Bilibid Prison.
Legal basis, Legal requirement, and Institutional procedures in the Admission

and Release of PDLs in the (PNP, NBI, BJMP, Provincial Jails, BUCOR, others).
Relevant Jurisprudence on Detention, Sentence, and Penalty.
GUIDELINES
Searching (Part 2, Chapter 2, Sec 7-8 BuCor Operating Manual)
Search of PDL and Personal effect:
• Upon admission, the PDL shall be searched thoroughly. He shall be

allowed to retain in his possession only such articles as authorized by
the prison administration;
• A list of all articles taken from the PDL shall be entered in the PDL
record and receipted for by the guard in charge thereof;
• All articles taken from the PDL shall be returned to him upon his
discharge unless previously disposed of at the PDL’s request or
ordered condemned by the Superintendent after a lapse of two (2)
years.
Confiscation of Contraband
• Narcotics and all other prohibited drugs or substances;
• All types of weapons, substances or chemicals that may cause injury to
persons;
• Other items or articles which a PDL is not allowed to possess under
prison rules shall be considered as contraband and shall be confiscated
accordingly.
Receiving (Part 2, Chapter 2, Sec 1-6 BuCor Operating Manual)
Admission
• A PDL shall be received at the Assessment Rehabilitation Program
Development and Monitoring Division (ARPDMD) for New Bilibid
Prison and in the Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC)for other
operating prison and penal farms upon presentation of the following
documents:
o a. Mittimus/Commitment Order of the court;
o b. Information and Court decision in the case;
o c. Certificate of Detention, if any; and
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o d. Certificate that the case is not on appeal.
A female PDL shall only be received at CIW.
Form of mittimus/commitment order

• It shall be under the signature of the judge;
• It shall bear the seal of the court; and
• It shall be duly attested by the Clerk of Court.
Registration Sheet
A prison shall keep a bound registration sheet wherein all commitments shall be recorded
chronologically. The register shall contain the following entries:
o Name of PDL;
o Reason for commitment and the authority thereof;
o Sentence;
o Date and hour of admission;
o Date and hour of discharge or transfer and basis thereof.
Admission process
After registration, the PDL shall be:
o Photographed, front and side view;
o Fingerprinted;
o Assigned a permanent prison number; and
o The male PDL shall then be given a regulation haircut and his
beard/mustache, if any, shall be shaven off.
Hairpieces
• A PDL may not wear a wig or artificial hairpiece, unless medical authorization to do
so is approved by the Superintendent.
Place of Admission
• A PDL shall be placed in an area that is physically separated from the general prison
population.
ADMISSION, CONFINEMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF INMATE. The segregation of distinction

and not by discrimination. The mechanism seeks to avoid is the absurdity of inmates of being
morally subjugated by its own peers by reason of age, notoriety, disability and other factors beyond
personal competence to resist. There shall be a Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC) in every
prison which shall receive, study and classify inmates and detainees committed to bureau.
RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER. Inmate shall be quarantine for at least 5 days a.
Given a physical examination to determine any physical illness or handicap, or mental ailment and
to segregate those suspected of having an infectious or contagious disease. b. Orientation of prison
rules and regulations; and c. Interview by a counselor, social worker and or other program staff
officers; the interview shall be conducted in PRIVATE.
AFTER THE QUARANTINE PERIOD. Inmate shall remain in the RDC for 55 days. Undergo
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psychiatric, psychological, vocational, educational, religion and other examinations.
ADMISSION. An inmate shall be admitted in the RDC of a prison upon presentation of the following
documents. Mittimus/Commitment Order from the court; Information and court decision of his case;
Certification of detention if any and; Certification that the case of the inmate is not on appeal, a
female inmate shall be received only in CIW.
REGISTRATION. A prison shall keep a bound registration book wherein all commitments shall be
recorded chronologically. The register shall contain the following entries: a. name of the inmate; b.
reason for commitment and the authority therefore; c. Sentence; d. Date and hour of admission;
and e. date and hour of discharge and or transfer and basis therefore.
CONFISCATION OF CONTRABAND ITEMS. Drugs or Medicine. All types of weapons, substance

or chemical that may cause injury to a person
13.ISSUANCE OF UNIFORM ETC. The newly admitted inmate shall be given an issue of two (2)
regulations uniform/suits and two (2) t shirts; whenever practicable they shall also be issued the
following: a. One Blanket; b. One mat; c. One mosquito net; d. One set mess kit; and e. One pair of
slipper.
CLASSIFICATION OF BOARD. In every prison institution shall have a classification board which
shall classify inmates in accordance with the Correctional Operating Manual.
Chairman - Superintendent
Vice Chairman - Chief Reception and Diagnosis
Diagnostic Center
Members - Medical Officer
Chief Educational Section
Chief Agro-Industries Section
Secretary - Chief Overseer
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS.
Sentenced Prisoners. The word sentenced has assumed a special meaning in our
statues to specially refer to judgment rendered by the court in a criminal case. Final and
Executory.
Detention Prisoner. A prisoner is detained when he is placed in confinement or when

there is restraint on this person.
THE THREE GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF JAIL INMATES
Sentenced Prisoners. Persons who are convicted by final judgement of the crime
charged against them.
Detention Prisoner. Persons who are detained for the violation of law and ordinances
and have not yet been convicted.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Person held for investigation or safe keeping.

CLASSIFICATION AS TO SENTENCE
Municipal Jail Prisoner. One who is sentenced to serve imprisonment from one day
to six months (1-6 months).
City Jail Prisoner. One who is sentenced to serve imprisonment from one day to 3
years (1-3 years).
National or Insular Prisoner. One who is sentenced to a prison term from three
years to one day to death sentence.
CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES AS TO SECURITY STATUS
MAXIMUM SECURITY. This shall include highly dangerous or super risk inmates
as determined by the classification board who are required a high degree of control
and supervision. those sentenced to death those whose minimum sentence is twenty
years imprisonment remand inmates or detainee whose sentence is twenty years
and above and those whose sentence are under review by the Supreme Court or the
Court of Appeals; those with pending cases recidivist, habitual delinquents and
escapees; those confined at the Reception and Diagnostic Center; Those under
disciplinary punishment or safe keeping; and Those who are criminally insane or those
with severe personality or emotional disorder; that make them dangerous to fellow
inmates or the prison staff.
MEDIUM SECURITY. This shall include those who cannot be trusted in less
secured areas and those whose conduct or behavior require minimum supervision;
those whose minimum sentence is less than twenty years imprisonment; remand
inmates or detainee whose sentence are below twenty years; those who are eighteen
years of age and below; regardless of case and sentence; those who have two or more
record of escapes they can be classified as medium security if they have served 8 years
since they were recommitted and those with one record of escape must serve five years;
and first offender sentence to life imprisonment, they may classified as medium if they
have served FIVE YEARS in maximum security prison or less upon the recommendation
of the superintendent.
MINIMUM SECURITY. This shall include those who can be reasonably trusted to
serve their sentence under less restricted conditions; those with a severe physical
handicap as certified by the chief medical officer of the prison; those who are sixty five
years old and above, without pending case and whose convictions are not on appeal;
those who have serve one half of their minimum sentence or one third of their maximum
sentence excluding Good conduct time allowance (gtca) those who have only six (6)
months more to serve before the expiration of their maximum sentence.
COLOR OF UNIFORM AS TO SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
The Color of uniform on an inmate shall be based on his security classification.

a. MAXIMUM Security- TANGERINE
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
b. MEDIUM Security - BLUE

c. MINIMUM Security – BROWN
d. Detainee - Gray
References:
1. Cullen, F. (2017). Correctional theory: context and consequences 2nd, Los

Angeles : SAGE
2. Dolinen-Gahar L. (2013). Handbook on Institutional Correction, Rex Book Store Inc.,
Quezon City
3. Manwong, R.( 2014). Corrections & restorative justice. Quezon City : Wiseman's
Books Trading.
4. Scott, D. (2014). Prisons & punishment: the essentials.(2nd ed). Los
Angeles :SAGE. 2nd
5. Tancangco, D L &Señar A L (2013). Philippine Correctional Administration, Quezon
City, Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc,
6. Villaluz, JC, Revisa, W A & Panganoron, C Jr (2012).Institutional Correction with
Addendum on E.O4103, Bureau Of Jail Management and Penology Manual
Let’s Check. Multiple Choice. Encircle the correct answer.
1. What is the color of the uniform of Medium Security inmate?

a. Blue b. Tangerine
c. Brown d. Gray
2. A camp houses minimum security risk prisoners who work on various projects of the
institution?
a. Camp Sampaguita b. New Bilibid
c. Bukang Liwayway d. Iwahig
3. A penal colony located in Mindanao which houses those who fought against the
Spanish Government?
a. CIW b. Iwahig
c. San Ramon Penal Farm d. New Bilibid
4. What is the color of the uniform for Minimum security?

a. Tangerine b. Red
c. Blue d. Brown
5. Quarantine period of iinmate inside the RDC?

a. 50 days b. 55 days
c. 15 days d. 5 days
6. Which extension penal colony of the bilibid prison house the medium security risk
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
inmates?
a. Bilibid b. Bukang Liwayway
c. Iwahig d. Camp Sampaguita
7. It refers to the surprise inspection done in every jail for purpose of collecting and
confiscating contraband items?
a. Oplan Grayhound b. Oplan Kapkap
c. Tokhang d. Jail Inspection
8. When was CIW Mandaluyong established?

a. 1930 b. 1931
c. 1920 d. 1921
9. Iwahig Penal institutions has how many colonies?

a. 2 b. 3
c. 4 d. 5
10. Loitering or being in an unauthorized place is classified as:

a. Minor Offenses b. Less grave offenses
c. Grave Offenses d. No Offense
Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Using a Venn diagram compare and contrast the General Classification of
Prisoners.You can write as many as you can in a bullet form.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Activity 2. In an order manner synthesize the procedures observed for inmates commitment
to the BJMPs jails facilities. You can write your answer in a bullet form in the space provided
below.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Activity 3. In this activity you are required to list all the best practices utilized by the seven (7)
penal insitutions of the Philippines under the Bureau of Corrections using the table provided
below.
Seven Penal Institution Best Practices

: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Activity 4. Using a concept map, try to write essential features when we talk about “Penal
Institution”. You can write as many words or phrase in a bullet form which you think related to
the given words.
Penal
Institutions
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In a Nutshell
The classification of prisoners and inmates are thoroughly discussed under this section
which is very essential to prevent the disastrous association of prisoners of various
degrees of criminality. Based on this, you are required to syntesize the important insights
you had learned on this part.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are your recommendations to the Penal Institutions to futher strengthen their services?
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Big Picture in Focus: ULOc. Demonstrate adequate understanding of the

principles of custody, security and control of inmates and applications
thereof.
Metalanguage
To further understand the ULOc: Demonstrate adequate understanding of the
principles of custody, security and control of inmates and applications thereof. Below are the
essential terms that you are going to encounter. Moreover, you are advised to frequently refer
to these terms to help you understand better the topics on the succeeding subject matter.
DIVERSIFICATION. An administrative device of correctional institution of

providing varied and flexible types of physical plants for the more effective
control of the treatment programs of its diversified population.
INMATE. A person who is kept in a prison or a hospital for people who

are mentally ill.
GCTA. Good conduct time allowance (GCTA) for prisoners who behaved
while in detention. This means that only those who were convicted during
and after the time of the application of the law should be eligible for the
expanded time allowances.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Essential Knowledge
The justification of an administration rests among other factors, on its success in

achieving its fundamental objects. The fundamental objects of prison administration are,
as we have seen, to wean the offender away from wrong-doing in future and to make his
return to society safe and useful. To achieve this end, classification of prisoners on
scientific lines is- absolutely necessary, for, without classification individualized treatment
through which prisons now seek to attain this object is impossible. These includes proper
segregation of different -types of offenders and more adequate custodial supervision and
control. If all these will be performed, ULO c in this section will be attained.
1. Classification of Inmates as to Entitlement to Privilege

A. Detainee
B. Third Class Inmate. One who has either been previously committed for three
(3) or more times as a sentence inmate; except those imprisoned for non-payment
of fine and those who have been reduced from a higher class;
C. Second Class Inmate. A newly arrived inmate; an inmate demoted from 1st
class inmate or promoted from 3rd class inmate;
D. First Class Inmate. On whose known character and credit for work while in
detention earned assignment to this class upon commencement of sentence, or
one who has been promoted from 2nd class.
E. Colonist. One who has passed as the 1st class inmate and has served one
year immediately preceding the completion of the period specified in the following
qualification has served imprisonment with good conduct for a period equivalent
to one fifth (1/5) of the maximum term of his sentence; Seven (7) years in the case
of life sentence. Recommendation upon the classification board
2. PRIVILEGE OF THE COLONISTS
1. Credit of an additional GCTA of five (5) days for each calendar month, while
they retain said classification aside from the regular GCTA authorized under
article 97 of the Revised Penal Code;
2. Automatic reduction of the life sentence imposed on the colonist to a sentence

of thirty (30) years;
3. Subject to the approval of the Prison Director to have their wife and children,
and or the woman they desire to marry, live with them in the prison and penal
farm.
4. As a special reward to a deserving colonist the issuance of a reasonable

amount of clothing and ordinarily household suppliers from the government
commissary in addition to free subsistence; and
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
5. To wear a civilian clothes on such special occasions as maybe designated by

the prison superintendent.
3. PRISON ACCOMODATION STANDARD. All accommodations for the use of all inmates
shall meet the requirements of sanitation and hygiene with emphasis on adequate
ventilation, living space, and lightning.
4. TRANSFER OF INMATES. An inmate maybe transferred by the Prison Director upon

the recommendation of the Superintendent concerned to another prison facility to bring
said inmate closer to family or as part of his rehabilitation program.
5. TRANSFER OF AN INSANE INMATE. An inmate who has been confirmed to be

mentally abnormal or insane maybe transferred to mental hospital with the approval of the
Prison Director.
6. TRANSFER OF AN INMATE TO A STOCKADE OF THE ARM FORCES OF THE

PHILIPPINES. An inmate who has been confirmed to be mentally abnormal or insane
maybe transferred to mental hospital with the approval of the Prison Director.
7. TRANSFER OF AN INMATE TO A STOCKADE OF THE ARM FORCES OF THE

PHILIPPINES. The confinement of an inmate maybe transferred to an AFP stockade
provided the inmate is certified as minimum security risk and does not belong to any of the
following categories:
⚫ Inmate serving a life term or sentence to death;

⚫ Inmate with previous record of escape;
⚫ Recidivist;
⚫ Inmate serving a crime involving moral turpitude;
⚫ Female Inmate;
⚫ Inmate who has been previously transferred to an AFP stockade and was
returned to prison for cause;
⚫ Inmate who is more than 50 years of age or who can no longer perform
manual work;
⚫ Inmate who is a permanent resident of a place within a radius of one
hundred km from the AFP stockade where he is being transferred; or
⚫ Inmate with a pending case or who is a witness in any pending criminal
case.
8. TRANSFER OF INMATES NOT ELIGIBLE TO BE A COLONIST TO A PRISON AND

PENAL FARM. Upon the recommendation of the Classification Board, the Director may
also transfer to a prison and penal farm an inmate who, although not eligible for
classification as a colonist; Physically and psychologically fit to absorb the rehabilitative
program in the colony; and that such assignment is therapeutically indicated.
9. TRANSFER OF AN INMATE TO PROVINCIAL JAIL AND VICE VERSA. The President

of the Philippines may direct as the occasion may require the transfer of inmates from the
national prison to a provincial jail or vice versa.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
10. MENTAL AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF INMATE TO BE TRANSFERRED. The

inmate shall be given a mental and physical examination prior to their transfer.
11. OUTSIDE MOVEMENT OF INMATES. Movement of Inmate outisde confinement

facility – the Superintendent of the prison may authorize an inmate to be taken out of prison
in the following instances;
a. To appear in court or other government agency directed by the competent
authority
b. For medical examination/treatment hospitalization in an outside clinic or
hospital;
c. To view the remains of a deceased relative.
12. APPROVAL BY A SECRETARY OF OUTSIDE MOVEMENTS. Prior approval of the

Secretary of Justice shall be required for the outside movements of the NBP or CIW
inmates.
13. OUTSIDE MOVEMENT OF THE DEATH CONVICTS. Death convicts shall not be
allowed to leave his place of confinement except for the urgent or diagnosis of a life
threatening or serious ailments, if the diagnosis cannot be done or the treatment in the
prison hospital.
14.BASIS OF COURT APPEARANCE. The court appearance of inmates shall be based

on subpoena issued by the court as endorsed by the director.
15. COURT APPEARANCE OF LIFE TERMER OR DEATH CONVICTS. No inmate

sentenced to death or life imprisonment confined in the NBP shall be brought outside said
prison for appearance or attendance in any court except when the Supreme Court
authorized the presiding judge of said court inmates.
16. APPLICATION TO VIEW THE REMAIN OF DECEASED RELATIVE WITH

SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS. A minimum or medium security inmates may; upon written
application be allowed by the Superintendent to view the remains of the following relatives
upon written application and submission of the original or certified true copies of the death
certificate; the burial permit and the documents specified below;
⚫ Wife or husband (Marriage contract)

⚫ Child (birth certificate and the marriage certificate of the inmates
⚫ Brother/Sister (birth certificate of the brother/sister and birth certificate of
the inmates)
⚫ Father/Mother (birth certificate of the inmates)
⚫ Grand children (birth certificate of the grand child and of the letters of
parents who maybe son or daughter of the inmates).
17. WHEN TO FILE APPLICATION. The application to view the deceased relative and all
its supporting documents shall be filed with the superintendent at least 2 days before the
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
enjoyment of the privilege sought.
18. DISTANCE OF TRAVEL. The privilege maybe enjoyed only if the deceased relative is
in place within a radius of 30 kilometers by road from the prison, where the distance is
more than 30 kilometer; the privilege may be extended if the inmates can leave and return
to his place of confinement during day time of the same date.
19. RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGE OF INMATES
⚫ to receive compensation for labor they performs;

⚫ to be credited with time allowances for good conduct and loyalty;
⚫ to send and receive mail matters;
⚫ to practice their religion or observe their faith;
⚫ to receive authorize visitora;
⚫ to ventilate their grievances through proper channels; and
⚫ to receive death benefits and pecuniary aid for injuries.
⚫ attend or participate in any entertainment or athletic activity within the prison
reservation;
⚫ read books and other reading materials in the library;
⚫ smoke cigar and cigaretters, except in prohibited places;
⚫ participate in civic, religous and other activities authorize by prison authorities; and
⚫ receive gists and prepared food from visitors subject to inspection.
20. RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGE OF INMATES. A detainee may aside from the rights and
privileges enjoyed by a finally convicted inmate to wear civilian clothes, to grow his hair in
his customary style
21. PRISON LABOR AND RULE AND REGULATION IMPLEMENTED IN THE PRISON
INSTITUTION. Prison Labor of Finally Convicted Inmates - A finally convicted able-bodied
inmates may be required to work at least 8 hours a day except on Sundays and Legal
Holidays.
22. Prison Labor of Detainee. A detainee may not be required to work in prison; however
he may be made to polish his cell and perform such other labor as maybe deemed
necessary for hygienic or sanitary reasons.
23. AGREEMENT OF DETAINEE TO ABIDE BY RULES IMPOSE ON FINALLY

CONVICTED INMATES. Upon his admission, the detainee shall be informed that he may
be credited in the service of his prison sentence with the full time during which he may
have to undergo a preventive imprisonment if he agrees in writing to abide by the same
disciplinary rules imposed on convicted inmates.
24. CERTIFICATION OF SUPERINTENDENT IF DETAINEE REFUSED TO ABIDE BY

RULES IMPOSED ON FIANLLY CONVICTED INMATES. Superintendent shall issue a
certification under oath to the effect that the detainee was apprised of his rights to be
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
credited in the service of his prison sentence with the full time during which he may have
undergone preventive imprisonment.
25. AGREEMENT OF CERTIFICATION AS PART OF PRISON. The agreement or

certification mentioned shall form the PRISON RECORD OF THE DETAINEE.
⚫ FEMALE INMATES - A Female inmate shall only be assigned to work on jobs

suitable to her age and physcail condition. The female inmate shall be
supervised only by women officers.
⚫ OLD INMATES - An inmate over sixty (60) years of age maybe excused from
mandatory labor.
26. COMPENSATION CREDIT. Six months after being permanently assigned to work in
prison an inmate may receive Compensation credits at rates to be prescribed by the Prison
Director. The Whole or part of the compensation credits earned by an inmate may be
forfeited and applied to the payment of supplies and equipments lost or damage resulting
from the inmates misconduct or willful negligence. One half 1/2 said earning maybe utilized
by the inmates to pruchased some of his needs. The remainder shall be withheald to be
paid to him upon release only ; provided:
a. He maintains good conduct and

b. He shows interest and a definite degree of progress in the particular work
assigned to him.
27. Trust Fund. Compensation credits earned by the inmtaed as provided for in the
preceding section and all money received by him from any source shall be deposited in
the Trust Fund provided for the purpose.
28. TIME ALLOWANCE FOR GOOD CONDUCT AND LOYALTY AND RIGHTS OF
PRISONERS FOR OUTSIDE COMMUNICATION. Who may Grant GCTA? The Director
may grant GCTA to an inmate .
GCTA of Detainee. A detainee shall only be granted GCTA if he voluntarily

offers into writing to perform such labor works as maybe assigned to him.
GCTA of Life Termer. An inmate sentenced to life imprisonment shall not be

granted GCTA while his sentence is on appeal.
Revocation of GCTA. Once granted shall not be revoked with just cause.
29. INMATE COMMUNICATION. An inmate shall have a right to communicate or

corresponds with persons and organizations and to send and receive letters, packag,
books etc that can be lawfully sent to mail.
30. Censorship of Mail Matters. All letters sent or received by an inmate as well as
magazines, books..etc. shall be subjected to censorship to prevent the entry of contraband
and the entry or exit of information that may adversely affect the security of the prison.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
31. EXERCISE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, PRIVILEGE OF INMATES/DETAINEED TO

MARRY AND THE RIGHTS TO BE VISITED BY THEIR FAMILY, RELATIVES AND
FRIENDS. The religious beliefs and moral precepts of an inmate shall be respected.
Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community,
in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and
observance. It also includes the freedom to change one's religion or beliefs.
PROSELYTIZING. No prison officials shall proselyte inmates under his

supervision or allow any inmate to do without the consent of the inmates
concerned.
PASTORAL VISITS. An accredited priest, minister or pastor maybe allowed to

hold regular service and to pay pastoral visits in private to inmates of his religion
at such hours as maybe prescribed by the Penal Superintendent.
WORSHIP SERVICES. Attendance by an inmate or worship to services and

similar religious activities shall be on a voluntary basis.
SPONSOR IN A RELIGIOUS RITES. A prison official, employee, guard, and or

their husband or wives and children shall not act as a sponsor or otherwise
actively participated in any religious rites or activity involving an inmate or member
of the immediate family of an inmate.
32. ELIGIBILITY TO MARRY. The request of an inmate or detainee to marry shall be

approved provided the inmates or detainee is legally eligible to marry and its mentally
competent and the intended spouse has verified in writing in an intention to marry the
inmate or detainee. All expenses of the marriage shall be paid by the inmates.
Privacy of visits. Prison guard shall supervise the visiting area in

unobtrusive manner; they shall not eavesdrop on conversation or otherwise
interfere with the privacy of the inmates and his.
CONJUGAL VISITS. A male inmate may enjoy conjugal visits from his
spouse in prison where there are facilities therefore under such condition
as maybe prescribed by the Director
33. PECUNIARY AID TO INMATES, DISCIPLINE AND PUNISHMENT OF INMATES

AND INMATES SERVICE. Pecuniary aid to an inmate killed or injured. Pecuniary aid shall
be paid to an inmate who is killed, injured, or disabled while preventing a prison riot or
jailbreak or while in the performance of duties required of him in any prison industry and
not due to his negligence. The amount of pecuniary aid shall be determined by the Director
of Prisons and approved by the Secretary of Justice.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
34. DISCIPLINE AND PUNISHMENT OF INMATES. Due Process Accorded to inmates.

Every breach of discipline shall be reported to proper prison authorities; the erring inmate
shall be given due process before they are punished.
35. BOARD OF DISCPLINE COMPOSITION. The Director shall Established a Board of

Discipline in each prison to hear cases involving an inmate who violates prison rules.
Presided by the Assistance Superintendent.
36. IMPOSABLE PUNISHMENT. The board of discipline shall be authorized to

imposed any of the ff disciplinary measures on inmate:
a. Causation or Reprimand;
b. Cancellation of recreation, education and entertainment and visiting
privileges;
c. Deprivation of GCTA for a specific period;
d. Change of security status to the next higher category eg. from med to max
security
37. INMATES SERVICES. As part of the prison rehabilitation and treatment program the
inmate shall be guaranteed access to health, education, religious and related rehabilitation
services.
HEALTH SERVICE. Health care and services shall be given to inmates similar to
those available in the free community and subject to prison regulations. A prison
must have at least 1 qualified medical doctor and dentist.
MEDICAL CONSULTATION AND VISITING HOURS. Medical consultation and

visiting hours shall be established by the Penal Superintendent in consultation
with the medical staff.
PREGNANT CIW INMATES. In the CIW, there shall be special accommodation for
pregnant women. Whenever practicable; however arrangement shall be made for
children to be born in a hospital outside the prison.
INFANT BORN TO CIW INMATES. An infant born which the mother is serving
sentence in the CIW may be allowed to stay with the mother for a period not
exceeding one (1) year.
38. RELEASE OF INMATES AND ESCORT PROCEDURE OF INMATES. Basis for

Release of an Inmate: upon the expiration of his sentence; by order of the court or
competent authority; and after being granted parole, pardon or amnesty.
38. WHO MAY AUTHORIZE RELEASE?

: (082)300-5456 Local 103
⚫ the Supreme court, in cases of acquittal or grant of bail;

⚫ the President of the Philippines, in cases of executive clemency or amnesty;
⚫ the Board of Pardons and Parole in parole cases; and
⚫ the Director upon the expiration of the sentence of the inmate
39. INMATE SHOUD BE VERIFIED PRIOR TO RELEASED. Fingerprint and identification

marks Distinguishing marks upon admission before.
39. Documentary Basis for Release
⚫ Should not be in Telegram or Telephone

⚫ The Filing of Bond or payment of indemnity upon receipt by the Penal
Superintendent of a written order bearing the seal of the court.
⚫ Signed by the clerk of court or the Judge
⚫ Acquittal
⚫ Dismissal of the case
⚫ Release Order shall bear the
⚫ Full Name of Inmate
⚫ Crime Charged
⚫ The Number of the Case
41. RELEASE OF FOREIGN NATIONALS. The Penal Director shall notify the
Commissioner of Immigration of the release of an inmate who is foreign national. At least
30 days before the approximate dates of release. -Certified copies of court decision in the
case; Synopsis of his record; and expected date of his release.
42. RELEASE OF INMATES WITH PENDING CASE. The Director should inform the court
where the case is pending. At least 30 days before the actual date of release.
43. PROHIBITED RELEASE OF INMATES BEFORE AND AFTER ELECTION. The

Director shall not order or allow an inmate to leave prison (60) days before and thirty (30)
days after the election, except for valid or legal reasons.
44. SEPARATION AND PLACEMENT CENTER. An inmate shall thirty (30) days before
his schedule of date of release, be transferred to the separation and placement center to
prepare him for reentry into the free society. All inmates eligible for release shall undergo
a one day seminar in preparation for his life outside prison.
45. TRANSMITTAL OF CARPETA AND PRISON RECORD. In case of Executive

Clemency and Parole the Director shall forward the Carpeta and Prison Record to the
Board.
a. For commutation of sentence at least one month before the expiration of one
third (1/3) of the minimum period of the inmates indeterminate sentence and on
special cases at least one month before the period specified by the board.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
b. For conditional pardon- at least one month before the expiration of one half
(1/2) of the minimum period of the inmates indeterminate sentence and on special
cases at least one month before the period as the board may specify.
c. For Parole - at least one month before expiry date of his minimum sentence.
46. ESCORT PROCEDURE. In case of Executive Clemency and Parole the Director shall
forward the Carpeta and Prison Record to the Board.
46.1 PRIMARY DUTIES OF ESCORT GUARDS. Escort guards shall exercise

extreme caution at all times and shall see to it that inmate does not;
a. Escape;
b. Converse with unauthorized person;
c. Obtained forbidden articles, especially intoxicants or weapons;
d. Annoy passerby; and
e. Suffer harm or humiliation
47.DISTANCE OF GUARDS FROM INMATES.

⚫ If escorting a group of inmates the guards shall keep distance of not less
than ten (10) paces from their charge.
⚫ Upon arrival at the destination, they shall station themselves at the

advantage point where all the inmates are within sight and can be properly
controlled.
⚫ If escorting a group of inmates the guards shall keep distance of not less
than ten (10) paces from their charge.
⚫ Upon arrival at the destination, they shall station themselves at the

advantage point where all the inmates are within sight and can be properly
controlled.
⚫ An escort guard shall strictly observed the instruction written at the back of
the inmates pass and his purpose and destination of the escort mission.
a. While in transit the inmate shall not be allowed to stop at any place
or contact any person until the destination is reached.
b. The inmates shall at all times be placed under proper restraint eg.
hand cuff
c. The inmate shall be returned to the prisons facility immediately after
the purpose of the pass has been served;
d. The use of privately owned vehicle in transporting an inmate is
prohibited.
48. ESCORT PROCEDURE FOR COURT APPEARANCE. The Prison Superintendent

Shall provide at least two (2) guards for every inmate.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
49. APPEARANCE IN METRO MANILA COURTS. In conducting NBP or CIW inmates

for appearance in Metro Manila the escort details shall be headed by supervising guard or
by a senior officer. The escort should return the inmates immediately after the court
hearing.
50. TURN- OVER OF INMATES TO LOCAL JAIL. An escort guard assigned to an inmate
for court hearing who cannot return to the prison of origin on the same day shall request
to the court to issue an order turning over the inmate to the nearest Provincial/City of
Municipal Jail or Police Detention cell. Should not stay in a private dwelling or hotel with
the inmate.
51. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF TURN OVER OF INMATES. The receiving officer shall

secure an acknowledgement receipt for the custody of the inmate. The receipt must clearly
bear the name of the receiving officer, his designation and the date and time the inmate
was received.
52. POSTPONEMENT/RESETTING OF HEARING. After the hearing or if the schedule

hearing is postponed or reset to another date, the inmate shall be returned to the prison of
origin without delay.
REFERENCES:
1. Alarid, L. (2013). Community-based corrections. (9th ed) Australia :

Wadsworth Cengage Learning GC 364.68 Al1c 2013
2. Bautista, F. ( 2013). Comprehensive penology institutional and non-institutional
corrections. Quezon City :
3. Siegel, L. (2016). Corrections today. (3rd Ed.). Australia : Cengage Learning.
4.Tancangco, D L &Señar A L (2013). Philippine Correctional Administration,
Quezon City, Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc,
5. Villaluz, JC, Revisa, W A &Panganoron, C Jr (2012). Institutional Correction
with Addendum on E.O4103, Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc. Quezon City
6. Wiseman's Books Trading MRS 365.068 B32c 2013 7.Scott, D. (2014). Prisons &
punishment: the essentials.(2nd ed). Los Angeles :SAGE. 2nd
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Let’s Check. Read each statement or question below carefully and fill in the
blank(s) with the correct answer.
__________ 1. Who grants god conduct time allowance that reduces the term of sentence?
__________ 2. It refers to the information concerning an inmate's personal circumstances,

the offense he committed, the sentenced imposed, the criminal case numbers, the date of
service of sentence and the date of the expiration of sentence.
__________3. Refers to the Officer In charge in prison institution or correctional institution

for women and for male prisoners ?
__________4. Statutory shortening of the maximum sentence that the prisoner served
because of good behavior?
__________ 5. An inmate not eligible to be a colonist to prison and penal farm can be
accommodated upon the recommendation of the?
__________ 6. The Director shall inform the court where the case is pending prior leaving
prison at least how many days?
__________ 7. What is the sentence of Insular Prisoner?
__________ 8. The Director of prison may authorize the release of an inmate only upon?
__________ 9. The number of days a prisoner is brought to release quarters prior to release.
__________ 10. What is the required rank for the city/municipal warden?
__________ 11. The temporary custody of a person for his/her own protection, safety or
care, and that of the community.
__________ 12. The primary objective of prison program is?
__________ 13. A person convicted and sentenced to serve for not more than six months
is classified as?
__________ 14. A child born by female prisoner has the privileged to stay with the mother
in prison for how many months/year?
__________ 15. Supervise keepers in their respective departments, and inspect all prison
wards and cells under his supervision, ascertaining and requiring of the keepers, at all times,
to comply strictly with their assigned duties.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Let’s Analyze
Activity 1. Based on what you had read on the topics presented on this section, you are
required to elaborate and explain the given words below. It must be at least 2-3 sentences in
every given word.
1. Diversification __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. Confinement __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. Privilege __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4. GCTA __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5. Pecuniary Aid __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Activity 2. Using a T-Chart graphic organizer you are required to evaluate the pros and cons of the topics
stated below.
PROS CONS
TRANSFER OF INMATES
TRANSFER OF AN
INSANE INMATE
TRANSFER OF AN
INMATE TO A STOCKADE
OF THE ARM FORCES OF
THE PHILIPPINES
TRANSFER OF INMATES
NOT ELIGIBLE TO BE A
COLONIST TO A PRISON
AND PENAL FARM
TRANSFER OF AN
INMATE TO PROVINCIAL
JAIL AND VICE VERSA
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Nutshell!
Activity 1. In this activity you are required to write your disposition on the
phrases/sentence given below.
1. Proper segregation of different -types of offenders.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. More adequate custodial supervision and control.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. More effective organization of all training and treatment facilities.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. More effective organization of all training and treatment facilities.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. To segregate inmates into homogeneous groups for the purpose of treatmen.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Activity 2. To ensure maximum utilization of resources and treatment facilities available

in the institution as well as in the community diversification and classification is thus the
basis of individualized correctional treatment. Write your reflection on the topics
presented on this section.
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
What are the significant modality you had learned after reading from this part?
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
FINAL EXAM
Since this is a board examination course, you are required to the Multiple-Choice Final
Examination inside the University as required by the policy. Accordingly, this is non-
negotiable for all licensure-based programs. You will be informed ahead of the schedule.
Lastly, for any concerns or issues arising from this module, feel free to contact the course
administrator, program head or dean using the contact details provided in this material.
KEYWORDS INDEX
The following are the keywords that you need to recall in this course:
Diversification Conjugal Visits Commitment Order High Risk Inmate
Inmate Pecuniary Aid To Contraband High Profile Inmate

Inmates
GCTA Commutation Of Escape Ordinary Inmate
Sentence
Colonist Conditional Pardon Instrument Of Minor Offenses
Restraint
Prison Accomodation Parole Jail Less Grave Offenses
Standard
Transfer Of Inmates Trust Fund Mittimus San Ramon Prison

And Penal Farm
Transfer Of An Insane Censorship Of Mail Penology Iwahig Penal Colony
Inmate Matters
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Compensation Credit Proselytizing Rehabilitation Correctional Institution

For Women (Ciw)
Penology The Worlds Worst Safekeeping Davao Prison And
Infamy Prisons Penal Farm
Penal Management The School Of Offender New Bilibid Prison

Penology (Nbp)
Correction Jails Detainee Sablayan Prison And

Penal Farm
Correction As a Jail Provincial Prisoner Leyte Regional Prison
Process Administrators Office
Correctional Categories Of Prosecution Classification Of

Administration Inmates. Detainees
Law Enforcement Classification Of Court Community

Prisoners
Correction
COURSE SCHEDULES. This section calendars all the activities and exercises, including
readings and lectures, as well as time for making assignments and doing other
requirements.
Activity Date Where to Submit
Big Picture A: Quiz August 30, 2020 BB’s Quiz Feature
Big Picture A: Oral Recitation Sept. 1, 2020 Face to Face Discussion
Big Picture A: Let’s Check Activities Sept. 2, 2020 CF’s Email
Big Picture A: Let’s Analyze Activities Sept. 2, 2020 CF’s Email
Big Picture A: In a Nutshell Activities Sept. 2, 2020 BB’s Forum Feature
Big Picture A: QA List Sept. 2, 2020 BB’s Discussion Feature
Big Picture A: Long Quiz Sept. 3, 2020 BB’s Quiz Feature
Big Picture B: Quiz Sept. 15, 2020 BB’s Quiz Feature
Big Picture B: Oral Recitation Sept. 16, 2020 Face to Face Discussion
Big Picture B: Let’s Check Activities Sept. 17, 2020 CF’s Email
Big Picture B: Let’s Analyze Activities Sept. 17, 2020 CF’s Email
Big Picture B: In a Nutshell Activities Sept. 17, 2020 BB’s Forum Feature
Big Picture B: QA List Sept. 17, 2020 BB’s Discussion Feature
Big Picture C: Quiz Oct. 12, 2020 BB’s Quiz Feature
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
Big Picture C: Oral Recitation Oct. 13, 2020 Face to Face Discussion
Big Picture C: Let’s Check Activities Oct. 14, 2020 CF’s Email
Big Picture C: Let’s Analyze Activities Oct. 14, 2020 CF’s Email
Big Picture C: In a Nutshell Activities Oct. 14, 2020 BB’s Forum Feature
Big Picture C: QA List Oct. 14, 2020 BB’s Discussion Feature
Big Picture C: Long Quiz Oct. 15, 2020 BB’s Quiz Feature
VI. Online Code of Conduct
(1) All teachers/Course Facilitators and students are expected to abide by an honor code of
conduct, and thus everyone and all are exhorted to exercise self-management and self-
regulation.
(2) Faculty members are guided by utmost professional conduct as learning facilitators in
holding OBD and DED conduct. Any breach and violation shall be dealt with properly under
existing guidelines, specifically on social media conduct (OPM 21.15) and personnel
discipline (OPM 21.11).
(3) All students are likewise guided by professional conduct as learners in attending OBD or
DED courses. Any breach and violation shall be dealt with properly under existing guidelines,
specifically in Section 7 (Student Discipline) in the Student Handbook.
(4) Professional conduct refers to the embodiment and exercise of the University’s Core Values,
specifically in the adherence to intellectual honesty and integrity; academic excellence by
giving due diligence in virtual class participation in all lectures and activities, as well as fidelity
in doing and submitting performance tasks and assignments; personal discipline in
complying with all deadlines; and observance of data privacy.
(5) Plagiarism is a serious intellectual crime and shall be dealt with accordingly. The University
shall institute monitoring mechanisms online to detect and penalize plagiarism.
(6) All borrowed materials uploaded by the teachers/Course Facilitators shall be properly
acknowledged and cited; the teachers/Course Facilitators shall be professionally and
personally responsible for all the materials uploaded in the online classes or published in
SIM/SDL manuals.
(7) Teachers/Course Facilitators shall devote time to handle OBD or DED courses and shall
honestly exercise due assessment of student performance.
(8) Teachers/Course Facilitators shall never engage in quarrels with students online. While
contentions intellectual discussions are allowed, the teachers/Course Facilitators shall take
the higher ground in facilitating and moderating these discussions. Foul, lewd, vulgar and
discriminatory languages are absolutely prohibited.
(9) Students shall independently and honestly take examinations and do assignments, unless
collaboration is clearly required or permitted. Students shall not resort to dishonesty to
improve the result of their assessments (e.g. examinations, assignments).
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
(10) Students shall not allow anyone else to access their personal LMS account. Students
shall not post or share their answers, assignment or examinations to others to further
academic fraudulence online.
(11) By handling OBD or DED courses, teachers/Course Facilitators agree and abide by all
the provisions of the Online Code of Conduct, as well as all the requirements and
protocols in handling online courses.
(12) By enrolling in OBD or DED courses, students agree and abide by all the provisions of
the Online Code of Conduct, as well as all the requirements and protocols in handling
online courses.
VII. Monitoring of OBD and DED
(1) The Deans, Asst. Deans, Discipline Chairs and Program Heads shall be responsible in
monitoring the conduct of their respective OBD classes through the Blackboard LMS. The
LMS monitoring protocols shall be followed, i.e. monitoring of the conduct of Teacher
Activities (Views and Posts) with generated utilization graphs and data. Individual faculty
PDF utilization reports shall be generated and consolidated by program and by college.
(2) The Academic Affairs and Academic Planning & Services shall monitor the conduct of LMS
sessions. The Academic Vice Presidents and the Deans shall collaborate to conduct virtual
CETA by randomly joining LMS classes to check and review online the status and
interaction of the faculty and the students.
(3) For DED, the Deans and Program Heads shall come up with monitoring instruments, taking
into consideration how the programs go about the conduct of DED classes. Consolidated
reports shall be submitted to Academic Affairs for endorsement to the Chief Operating
Officer.
Course prepared by:
MECHELLE C. GEMPESAO/CCJE
Name of Course Facilitator/Faculty
Course reviewed by:
ROBERTO R. MAGBOJOS, Ph.D.

Name of Program Head
Approved by:
: (082)300-5456 Local 103
CARMELITA B. CHAVEZ, Ph.D.

Name of Dean

Sim Cri 313 (Revise)

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COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

2nd Floor, GET Building

Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged

Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for Self-Directed Learning (SDL)

Course/Subject: CRI 313/ Institutional Correction

Course Outline: CRI 313- Institutional Correction

Course Coordinator Mechelle C. Gempesao

Student Consultation Done online (LMS) or traditional contact

Mobile Number 0951-376-2850

Effectivity Date June 2020

Mode of Delivery Online Blended Delivery

Student Workload Expected Self-Directed Learning

Attendance Requirements For online sessions: minimum of 95%

Self-Instructional Materials Policy

Please note that academic dishonesty such as

cheating and commissioning other students or people

If disapproved by the course coordinator, you can

All culled from on-campus/onsite sessions (TBA):

You can also meet the course coordinator in person

For students who have not created their student email,

Library Contact Brigida E. Bacani

The course covers an examination of the history, philosophy and objectives of

CC’s Voice: Hello prospective criminologists! Welcome to this course CORAD 1-

● PENOLOGY. The study of punishment for crime or of criminal offenders. It

● ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD PENOLOGY. The term is derived from the

● PENAL MANAGEMENT. Refers to the manner or practice of managing or

● CORRECTION . A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the

● CORRECTION AS A PROCESS. Refers to the reorientation of the criminal

● CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION. The study and practice of a

Philosophy and Theories of Penology

The principal aims of penology are:

The Types of Criminal Punishment

History and Forms of Punishment and Penalty

1.1 The Philippine Corrections System is composed of the institutions in the

2.1.1 Law Enforcement. Its function is to conduct an investigation on the

2.1.2 Prosecution. Its function is to evaluate the findings of the police

2.1.3 Court. Its function is to conduct cross-examination of the witness

2.1.4 Correction. Is considered as the weakest component of the CJS.

2.1.5 Community. The function of the community pillar is to help and

3.1.Blood Feuds. Ancient Culture developed the idea of justice based on

3.6 Banishment and Exile. Serious offenders were transported to banishment or

4. Definition and History of Correction. Correction is a branch of the Criminal Justice

4.1.2 The Gulag of Germany. In the history of prison, an intriguing

question arise whether this infamous Gulag prisons of “Aleksandr

4.1.3 The Gulag of Russia. It is a Russian acronym for corrective labor

4.2 The Worlds Worst Infamy Prisons

4.2.1 Bastille Prisons. A fortress prison in Paris, France; Bastille was

4.2.2 Alcatraz Prisons. It is an island in San Francisco bay. It is the

4.2.3 Sachsenhausen Prison. A Nazi concentration camp in

4.2.4 Auschwitz Prison. Built by German near Cracow Poland, it was

4.2.5 Insein Prison. Is situated in Rangoon Burma, now Myanmar. It

4.3 Development of Prisons

4.3.1 The Walnut Street Jail. Originally, constructed as a detention jail

solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times. Among

4.3.3 The Pennsylvania Prisons. This is the rival penitentiary system

5. THE SCHOOL OF PENOLOGY

5.1 CLASSICAL SCHOOL. It maintains the “doctrine of psychological

5.2 POSITIVE SCHOOL OF THOUGHT. The school denied individual

6. MODERN CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY. Modern penology dates from the publication of

8. THREE (3) BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CORRECTION. Seek to promote discipline and to

9. DEFINITION OF TERMS COMMONLY USED IN THE CORRECTIONAL STUDY

9.2 Competent Authority. Refers to the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals,

9.3 Inmate. Refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by a court to serve