7I Summary Sheets

Energy from food

Humans and other animals need energy to live. The energy resource for our bodies is the energy
stored in food. We need to choose our food so that we get the right amount of energy.
The unit for measuring energy is the joule (J). There is a lot of energy stored in food, so we
usually measure the energy in food using kilojoules (kJ). 1 kJ = 1000 J.

Energy transfers and stores

Energy can be transferred by:
● heating
● light
● sound
● electricity
● forces.
Energy can also be stored in different ways.

Energy stored in… Commonly called…

the chemicals in food, fuels and batteries chemical energy
moving objects kinetic energy
hot objects thermal energy
objects that are stretched, squashed or twisted strain energy or elastic potential energy
objects moved to high places gravitational potential energy
inside the particles that everything is made up from nuclear energy or atomic energy

Energy is not used up. It can be transferred and stored in different ways, but it cannot be created
or destroyed. This is called the law of conservation of energy.

Fuels
Fuels store energy, and this energy is transferred when the fuels burn. Burning fuels are used to
heat things.
Fossil fuels:
● are made from plants and animals that were trapped in mud and rocks millions of years ago
● include coal, oil and natural gas
● are non-renewable (they take millions of years to form, and so our supplies will run out)
● produce gases that cause pollution and global warming when burnt
● are relatively cheap to obtain
● originally got their energy from the Sun. The plants that became coal, oil and natural gas got
their energy from the Sun, and the animals that became oil and natural gas got their energy
from plants, which got their energy from the Sun.
Nuclear fuel is also non-renewable. Nuclear power stations produce dangerous waste materials.
Electricity is not a fuel. It has to be generated using other energy resources.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2014. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 15
 7I
Making fossil fuels last longer
Summary Sheets

We can make fossil fuels last longer and help to reduce global warming by using less of them. We
could walk or cycle whenever we can, or use a bus instead of using a car. Walking and cycling
would make us fitter and healthier, and there would be less pollution if there were not as many
carson the roads. We could also save energy by keeping our houses cooler and putting on more
clothes if we are cold instead of turning up the heating.

Renewable energy resources:

● include solar, wind, tidal, wave, biofuels, geothermal and hydroelectricity
● do not produce harmful gases or contribute to global warming
● are often more expensive than using fossil fuels
● will not run out
● are not always available.
Hydroelectricity, geothermal energy and biofuels are available at any time. Tidal power is not
available all the time, but we can predict when it will be available. Energy from solar, wind
andwaves is only available some of the time.

Energy from the Sun

Most of the energy resources we use store energy that originally came from the Sun.
Only geothermal power, nuclear power and tidal power do not depend on energy from the
Sun.How energy is transferred to our food:

How energy is stored in the wind and in waves:

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 7I Summary Sheets

Q1.
(a) The diagrams below show how much heat is lost from different parts of a house
every second.

Through which part of the house above is most heat lost?

................................................................
1 mark

(b) Part of the house is insulated to reduce the loss of heat.

This is shown below.

(i) Which part of the house has been insulated?

................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Explain your answer.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

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 7I Summary Sheets

(c) The table below gives information about three fossil fuels that can be used to heat a
house.

energy Does the fuel produce these

fuel physical released substances when burned?
state when 1g is
sulphur
burned (J) water
dioxide

coal solid 25000 yes yes

oil liquid 42000 yes yes

methane gas 55000 yes no

(i) Which fuel in the table releases the least energy when 1 g is burned?

................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Methane can be compressed.

Which information in the table shows that methane can be compressed?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Sulphur dioxide causes acid rain.

Use the table to explain why burning methane does not produce acid rain.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

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 7I Summary Sheets

Q2.
(a) The photographs show ways of getting energy from three different energy
resources.

On the line under each photograph write the name of the energy resource.
Choose from the list below.

batteries biomass wind sunlight tides

3 marks

(i)

(ii)

Photograph by Solarworks

(iii)

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 7I Summary Sheets

Photograph provided by Robert Harding Picture Library

(b) Name one fossil fuel.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
1 mark

(c) Complete the sentence below.

The purpose of the machine in photograph (i) is to generate ………………..

1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

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 7I Summary Sheets

Q3. The drawings below show six ways of providing energy.

(a) From the drawings, give the names of two fossil fuels.

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 7I
1. ..............................................................

2. ..............................................................
Summary Sheets

2 marks

(b) (i) What is the source of energy for a solar panel?

.........................................................
1 mark

(ii) Why can the solar panel not work at night?

.........................................................
1 mark

(c) What makes the blades of the turbine in drawing B go round?

..................................................................
1 mark

(d) Renewable energy resources will not run out.

From the drawings, give one energy source that will not run out.

..................................................................
1 mark

maximum 6 marks

Q4. Energy is transferred from a number of parts of a car.

(e) Draw a line from each part of the car to the useful way energy is transferred
from the part.

4 marks

(f) How is energy transferred to the headlamp?

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 7I Summary Sheets
.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

Q5.
(a) A torch battery is an energy resource. How is the energy stored in a torch battery?
Tick the correct box.

as chemical energy

as kinetic energy

as potential energy

as thermal energy

1 mark

(b) When a torch is switched on, energy is transferred from the battery to the bulb.
How is energy transferred from the battery to the bulb?
Tick the correct box.

by electricity

by light

by sound

by thermal energy

1 mark

(c) Energy is transferred from the torch bulb to the surroundings.

Choose from the following terms to complete the sentences.

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 electricity

(i)
7I light sound

Energy is transferred from the torch bulb to the surroundings in a

Summary Sheets
thermal transfer

useful way by ...............................................

1 mark

(ii) Some energy is wasted. The wasted energy is transferred from the

bulb to the surroundings by ...............................................

1 mark

(d) The torch is lifted up and put on a high shelf.

Energy is transferred to the torch as it is lifted up. The energy is stored in the torch
while it stays on the shelf.
What energy has the torch gained?

....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

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 7I Summary Sheets

Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) walls
1 (L3)

(b) (i) roof

1 (L3)

(ii) any one from

• it now loses 700 (J)

accept ‘it is only 700’
‘it is 700’ is insufficient

• the energy is less (than before)

accept ‘it was 3 400 (J)’

• the energy or heat is different

accept ‘it has gone down’

• all the others do not change

accept ‘insulation reduces heat loss’
‘insulation keeps heat in’ is insufficient
1 (L4)

(c) (i) coal

‘solid’ is insufficient
‘25 000 J’ is insufficient
1 (L4)

(ii) it is a gas
accept ‘physical state’
1 (L4)

(iii) no sulphur dioxide (is given off)

accept ‘it says no in the sulphur dioxide column’
do not accept ‘it has no sulphur dioxide in it’
accept ‘there is no sulphur in it’
1 (L4)
[6]

]
Q2. (a) (i) wind
1 (L3)

(ii) sunlight
1 (L3)

(iii) tides
1 (L4)

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(b) any one from

• coal

• gas
accept ‘methane’

• oil
accept ‘petrol’ or ‘diesel’ or ‘kerosine’

• peat
accept ‘turf’
1 (L4)

(c) electricity
1 (L3)

Q3.
(a) • coal
1 (L4)

• gas
accept ‘coal fire’ or ‘A’
accept ‘gas boiler’ or ‘D’
answers may be in either order
accept ‘petrol’ or ‘petrol generator’ or ‘C’ or ‘oil’
answer may be in either order
‘fire’ is insufficient
‘boiler’ is insufficient
‘generator’ is insufficient
1 (L4)

(b) (i) • the Sun

accept ‘solar energy’ or ‘solar’
accept ‘light’ or ‘sunlight’
references to heat are insufficient
1 (L4)

(ii) any one from

• it is dark

• no light

• the Sun has set

accept ‘it needs light’
accept ‘no Sun’
references to heat are insufficient
1 (L3)

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 7I Summary Sheets

(c) • wind
accept ‘moving air’ or ‘air’
accept ‘air currents’
1 (L3)

(d) any one from

• Sun or solar energy

• waves

• wind
accept ‘solar panel’ or ‘E’
accept ‘wave turbine’ or ‘F’
accept ‘wind turbine’ or ‘turbine’ or ‘B’
‘water’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
[6]

Q4. (e)

if more than one line is drawn from the same

part of the car, award no mark for that part
4 (L4)

(f) any one from

1 (L4)

• by electricity

• along the wires

accept ‘from the battery’ or ‘by electrons’

Q5.
(a) as chemical energy
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)

(b) by electricity
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)

(c) (i) light

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 7I Summary Sheets

1 (L6)

(ii) thermal transfer

do not accept ‘heat’
1 (L6)

(d) potential energy

accept ‘gravitational potential energy’
or ‘gravitational energy’ or ‘the same
amount as the girl has given it’
1 (L6)
[5]

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