Laboratory №4

Hooke’s Law
Section #1
Dossymzhan Raiymbek
Zhanar Sabikhan

Objectives:
 To calculate the spring constant by using Hooke’s Law for several springs.
 To derive formulas for the springs connected in series, parallel and a mix of both series
and parallel.
 To compare the theoretical values of k with experimental values.
Experimental Data:
Table 1. Experimental Data for Yellow spring.
Mass Force (N) ΔForce Position (m) ΔPosition x (m) Δx (m)
(N) (m)
0g 0 0 0.3 0 0 0
200 g 1.6600 0.49033 0.3295 0.01468 0.0295 0.0134
250 g 1.7000 0.86936 0.3409 0.02532 0.0409 0.0301
300 g 2.1583 1.14497 0.3533 0.03313 0.0533 0.0427
350 g 2.7714 1.61694 0.3760 0.04795 0.0760 0.0482
400 g 3.3067 1.76452 0.3880 0.05102 0.0880 0.0614

Table 2. Experimental Data for Red spring.

Mass Force (N) ΔForce (N) Position (m) ΔPosition x (m) Δx (m)
(m)
0g 0 0 0.3 0.00 0.0000 0
200 g 2.1375 0.61953 0.3670 0.02386 0.0670 0.0052
250 g 2.7650 1.16179 0.3965 0.04487 0.0965 0.0109
300 g 2.9733 1.76492 0.4033 0.06935 0.1033 0.0178
350 g 3.6235 2.09599 0.4300 0.08155 0.1300 0.0246
400 g 4.3300 2.38418 0.4585 0.09549 0.1585 0.0330

Table 3. Experimental Data for Blue spring.

Mass Force (N) ΔForce (N) Position (m) ΔPosition x (m) Δx (m)
(m)
0g 0 0 0.3 0.00 0 0
200 g 2.0533 0.27810 0.3050 0.00513 0.0050 0.0003
250 g 2.49 0.53004 0.3135 0.01137 0.0135 0.0015
300 g 3.0875 0.62683 0.3306 0.02303 0.0306 0.0053
350 g 3.5824 0.78679 0.3488 0.02850 0.0488 0.0091
400 g 4.0688 1.09527 0.3675 0.03733 0.0675 0.0141

Table 4. Experimental Data for series of red and yellow springs.

 Mass Force (N) ΔForce (N) Position (m) ΔPosition x (m) Δx (m)
(m)
0g 0 0 0.6 0 0 0
200 g 2.0314 0.86649 0.6210 0.01711 0.0210 0.0158
210 g 2.0947 1.11279 0.6382 0.02996 0.0382 0.0245
220 g 2.1556 1.26687 0.6461 0.03500 0.0461 0.0127
230 g 2.2500 1.31429 0.6511 0.05343 0.0511 0.0141
240 g 2.3263 1.34779 0.6637 0.06867 0.0637 0.0176

Table 5. Experimental Data for parallel of two yellow springs.

Mass Force (N) ΔForce (N) Position (m) ΔPosition x (m) Δx (m)
(m)
0g 0 0 0.3 0 0 0.0
200 g 2.025 0.11832 0.3060 0.00420 0.0060 0.0048
300 g 2.563 0.35753 0.3187 0.00788 0.0187 0.0084
400 g 2.780 0.59273 0.3303 0.01820 0.0303 0.0195
500 g 2.953 0.81742 0.3387 0.02023 0.0387 0.0231
600 g 3.141 0.95147 0.3613 0.03385 0.0613 0.0349

Table 6. Experimental Data for combination of parallel and series of two yellow springs and red
springs, respectively.
Mass Force (N) ΔForce (N) Position (m) ΔPosition x (m) Δx (m)
(m)
0g 0 0 0.59 0 0 0
200 g 1.9067 0.75133 0.6547 0.03297 0.0647 0.0424
250 g 2.3500 1.24363 0.6785 0.06581 0.0885 0.0718
300 g 3.2600 1.42880 0.7021 0.10977 0.1121 0.1125
350 g 3.9600 1.93989 0.7251 0.13076 0.1351 0.1318
400 g 4.3700 2.34415 0.7493 0.17020 0.1593 0.1841

Data analysis:

Force vs Displacement
3.5000 3.3067

3.0000 2.7714

2.5000 2.1583
2.0000 1.6600 1.7000
Force, N

1.5000
1.0000
0.5000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0100 0.0200 0.0300 0.0400 0.0500 0.0600 0.0700 0.0800 0.0900 0.1000
x, m

Figure 1. Force vs Displacement graph for the yellow spring.

 Force vs Displacement
4.5000
4.0688
4.0000 3.5824
3.5000 3.0875
3.0000
2.4900
2.5000
Force, N

2.0533
2.0000
1.5000
1.0000
0.5000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0100 0.0200 0.0300 0.0400 0.0500 0.0600 0.0700 0.0800
x, m

Figure 2. Force vs Displacement graph for the red spring.

Force vs Displacement
5.0000
4.3300
4.5000
4.0000 3.6235
3.5000 2.9733
3.0000 2.7650
Force, N

2.5000 2.1375
2.0000
1.5000
1.0000
0.5000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0200 0.0400 0.0600 0.0800 0.1000 0.1200 0.1400 0.1600 0.1800
x, m

Figure 3. Force vs Displacement graph for the blue spring.

Force vs Displacement
2.5 2.3263
2.0947 2.1556 2.25
2.0314
2

1.5
Force, N

0.5
0
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
x, m

Figure 4. Force vs Displacement graph for the series of red and yellow springs.
 Force vs Displacement
3.5
3.141
2.953
3 2.78
2.563
2.5
2.025
2
Force, N

1.5

0.5
0
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07

x, m

Figure 5. Force vs Displacement graph for the parallel of two yellow springs.

Force vs Displacement
5
4.37
4.5
3.96
4
3.5 3.26

3
Force, N

2.35
2.5
1.9067
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18

x, m

Figure 5. Force vs Displacement graph for the series of parallel of two yellow springs and red
spring.
In this experiment, we apply Hooke’s Law:
F t ot =−k ∆ x (1)
For springs that were connected in series, we apply this general formula to find spring constants:
F t ot =F 1=−k 1 ∆ x1 =F 2=−k 2 ∆ x 2( 2)
F t ot =−k t ( x 1 + x 2 ) (3)
 F t ot
x 1+ x2 = (4)
k t ot
F t ot F 1 F 2
= + (5)
k t ot x 1 x 2
1 1 1
= + (6)
k t ot k 1 k 2
Where,
F t ot – total force, N
F 1 – force of the first spring, N
F 2 – force of the second spring, N
∆ x 1 - displacement of first spring, m
∆ x 2- displacement of second spring, m
k 1−¿ first spring’s spring constant, N/m
k 2−¿ second spring’s spring constant, N/m
Then, for the series of red and yellow springs we derive this formula:
k yrtot (k r +k y )
k yrtot =
kr × k y
For two yellow springs, we apply this formula:
F t ot =F 1 + F 2=−k 1 ∆ x 1−k 2 ∆ x 2=−∆ x (k 1 +k 2 ) (7 )
k t=k 1+ k 2 (8)
k yt ot =2 k y (9)
k y −¿ yellow spring’s spring constant, N/m
k yt ot −¿ total spring constant of the yellow springs in parallel, N/m
For two parallel yellow springs + series of red spring:
1 1 1
= + (10)
k yrtot 2ky kr
2 k y kr
k yrtot = (11)
2k y + k r
Error propagation:
Discussion:
Conclusion: