BROOKSTONE INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION SCHOOL

PORT HARCOURT
COURSEWORK COVER SHEET

Student Name SEAN TIMOTHY OGHENERUME OVIEMO

NCUK Student ID BS-22-0096

Subject IFYCH 003 Chemistry

Assignment Type PRACTICAL REPORT

Programme International Foundation Year

Lecturer/Tutor Cyprian Anyahucha/Kingsley Iredia

Date of Presentation
OFFICE USE ONLY
Date Received

Please keep a photocopy or electronic copy of your assignment.

Plagiarism and Collusion

All forms of plagiarism and unauthorised collusion are regarded seriously by NCUK and could result in penalties
including failure and possible disciplinary actions.

Plagiarism: using another person’s ideas, designs, words or works without appropriate acknowledgement.

Collusion: another person assisting in the production of an assessment submission without the express requirement, or
consent or knowledge of the assessor.

DECLARATION

I declare that all material in this assessment is my own work and that I have given fully documented
references to the work of others.

Signed:

APPENDIX A - ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Note: Students should reference coursework appropriately if sources such as textbooks and websites are used.
© NCUK Ltd. 2023
 Grade Theory & Aim Materials, Methods & Results Discussion, Interpretation Presentation & References
(10%) Safety (20%) & Conclusion (10%)
(20%) (40%)
As A grade, but with As A grade, but with As A grade, but with As A grade, but with As A grade, but with additional
A* additional criteria additional criteria of: additional criteria of: additional criteria of: criteria of
(80% +) of:  Presenting an  Presented to the  Very mature and  Mature and sophisticated
 Presenting an exceptionally clear standard of an academic sophisticated analysis. presentation.
exceptionally and detailed paper.  Conclusions well-drawn
deep and broad understanding. and completely
understanding,  All requirements are motivated by the
demonstrating a fully addressed discussion.
high level of demonstrating a high 8-10
maturity in the level of maturity. 16-20 32-40
description. 16-20
8-10
 Aim is informed  Written in a logical  Clear and wholly  Clear explanation of  Cohesive and coherent
A by existing and coherent manner complete results tables. science underlying language used.
(70-79%) science and contains  All units are noted. observations.  Very good English
knowledge and reasoning.  All observations and all  Reasons for sentence structure.
clearly  All safety hazards measurements are experimental method  Correct spelling and
explained. and precautions are recorded in detail. given. grammar throughout.
 Hypothesis is described.  Calculations are laid out  Thorough explanations  Diagrams, tables and
also informed  Labelled diagram neatly and are accurate. of good and bad results, graphs have titles and are
and supported included and referred  Graphs are labelled with comments on errors and referred to in text.
by prior to in text. axis titles, units and improvements. Diagrams are clear and
knowledge and, other important  Links to theory. labelled appropriately.
where information (such as the  Equations and structural  Structure of report is
appropriate, end point of a titration). formula are used accurate.
supported with  Errors are accurately correctly throughout.  Layout of tables and graphs
equations or calculated.  Graphs are accurately is accurate.
calculations. interpreted.  Consistent formatting.
 Aim and 14-15  Clear conclusions 7
hypothesis are 14-15 presented.
relevant to the
experiment, 28-31
complete,
focussed and
accurate.

7
 Aim given but  Mostly logical but  Clear results tables.  A largely convincing  Good standard of language
B not wholly contains similarities  The vast majority of attempt is made at used.
(60-69%) related to to the lab manual. units are noted. relating results to  Good English sentence
existing science.  Some safety hazards  The observations and all theory. structure.
 Hypothesis is or precautions are measurements are  Reasons for  Generally correct spelling
given but not described. recorded. observations are given. and grammar throughout.
completely  Diagram included  Calculations are laid out  Explanations of good  Some titles are missing for
supported. and labelled. neatly and are generally and bad results, diagrams, tables or graphs
 Aim and accurate. comments on errors and but are referred to in text.
hypothesis are  Graphs are generally improvements. Diagrams are clear and
generally labelled with axis titles,  Equations and structural labelled appropriately.
relevant to the units and other formula are used.  Structure of report is
experiment. important information  Graphs are commented accurate.
(such as the end point of on.  Layout of tables and graphs
a titration).  A summary of key is accurate but may be
12-13  Errors are generally findings is given. incomplete.
accurately calculated. 24-27  Consistent formatting.
6 12-13
6

 Aim given but  Similar to the lab  Results tables generally  An attempt is made at  Contains some spelling and
C not related to manual. clear and generally relating results to grammar errors that impede
(50-59%) existing  A few safety hazards include units. theory. understanding in places.
science. or precautions are  Some observations and  Some reasons for  Paragraphs not consistently
 Hypothesis described. measurements are observations given. used throughout.
given but not  Diagram/figures recorded.  Some explanations of  Titles are missing for
supported. included but may  Calculations are good and bad results, diagrams, tables or graphs and
 Aim and not be labelled. generally laid out comments on errors are not referred to in text.
hypothesis are Have a legend but neatly and a number are and improvements are Diagrams are clear but not
relevant to the loosely relevant and accurate. given. labelled completely.
experiment but not referred to in  Graphs are labelled  Attempts are made to  Structure of report is accurate.
incomplete. text. with axis titles, units use equations and  Layout of tables and graphs is
and other important structural formula are wholly accurate and but may
information (such as used. be incomplete.
the end point of a  Graphs are generally  inconsistent formatting.
titration), although commented on but
© NCUK Ltd. 2023
 some information is some may lack clear
incorrect or missing. interpretation. 5
 Error calculations are  A brief summary of key
attempted. findings is given.
5 10-11 20-23
10-11
 Aim given but  Obvious copying  Clear results tables  A poor attempt made at  Many spelling and grammar
D not clear. from the lab manual presented but units not relating results to errors impeding understanding
(40-49%)  Hypothesis not or another source or included. theory. in places.
wholly clear incomplete  Observations are not  Short explanations of  Paragraphs not used.
but not description. included but good and bad results.  Headings are used.
supported.  Safety hazards or measurements are No comments on errors  Titles are missing for
 Aim and precautions are not recorded. but improvements are diagrams, tables or graphs and
hypothesis are adequately  Calculations are suggested. are not referred to in text.
not relevant to described. attempted.  Equations and Diagrams are clear but not
the experiment.  Diagram included  Graphs are given but structural formula are labelled.
but not relevant or missing some labels. not used.  Structure of report is not
poorly executed.  Error calculations are  Graphs are not completely accurate.
attempted but may be commented on.  Layout of tables and graphs is
incorrect.  A very brief summary inconsistent.
of key findings is  inconsistent formatting
given. 4

4 8-9 8-9 16-19

E  Either aim or  Lacks detail.  Results tables are  No attempt made at  Spelling and grammar are poor
(35-39%) hypothesis or  Safety hazards or inaccurate or only relating results to meaning large sections are
both are precautions are partially complete. theory. illegible.
missing or poorly described.  Units not included.  Explanations of good  Paragraphs not used.
inaccurate. No  Diagrams missing  Observations are not and bad results are not  Headings are not used.
relevance to the over extremely included. given.  Titles are missing for
experiment. poorly executed.  Calculations inaccurate.  No comments on errors diagrams, tables or graphs and
 Graphs are given but or improvements are not referred to in text.
missing some labels. suggested. Diagrams are missing.
 Errors are not  Equations and  Structure of report is
calculated. structural formula are inaccurate.
not used  Titles are missing.
 Graphs are not  Inconsistent formatting.
7 commented on.
3 7  Conclusion does not 3
give key findings.
14-15
U (0 -34%)  Attempts may  Attempts may be  Attempts may be made  Attempts may be made  Very poor presentation and
be made to made to address to address to address English.
address requirements, but requirements, but work requirements, but work
requirements, work is incomplete is incomplete or is incomplete or
but work is or missing. missing. missing. 0-2
incomplete or 0-6
missing. 0-6 0-13
0-2

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

APPENDIX B – MARKING &

FEEDBACK SHEET
NCUK Student ID: BS-22-0021 Student Name: OMEOGA NNAEMEKA
KAMSIYONNA LESLIE
Coursework Title: PRACTICAL REPORT

Cyprian Anyahucha
Submission Date: Teacher’s Name:
Kingsley Iredia

Marker Marker
Criteria Weighting Section Feedback
1 2

Theory & Aim 10%

Materials,
Methods & 20%
Safety

Results 20%

Discussion,
Interpretation & 40%
Conclusion

Presentation &
10%
References

TOTAL 100%

Additional Feedback

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

ACID - BASE TITRATION

Burette readings (initial and final) must be given to two decimal places. Volume of pipette used
must also be recorded but no account of experimental procedure is required. All calculations
must be done in your answer book.
A is a solution containing 6.22g of an acid H2Y per dm3.
B contains 3.90g of NaOH per dm3 of solution.

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

a. Put A into the burette and titrate it against 25.00cm3 portions of B using phenolphthalein
as indicator. Repeat the titration to obtain consistent titres. Tabulate your burette readings
and calculate the average volume of acid A used. The equation for the reaction in the
titration is: H2Y(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2Y(aq) + 2H2O(l)
[H = 1.00, O = 16.00, Na = 23]
b. From your results and the information provided above, calculate the:
i. Concentration of B in moldm-3
ii. Concentration of A in moldm-3
iii. Molar mass of H2Y.

c. Calculate the pH of A that neutralized 25 c m3 of A

NCUK International Foundation Year Programme

IFYCH003 CHEMISTRY

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

2023-2024
Coursework 1 Practical

Laboratory Report

Strong acid-strong base titration using

phenolphthalein as an indicator.

Submitted by_
Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo
BS-22-0096

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

Table of Contents
1. Theory & Aim

2. Materials, Methods & Safety

3. Results

4. Discussion, Interpretation & Conclusion

5. References

Theory & Aim

© NCUK Ltd. 2023
Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

Theory
Acid-base titrations employ a measured quantity of concentrated acid or base,
referred to as the titrant, to determine the concentration of a strong acid or base
within a solution.
A strong acid-strong base titration aims to ascertain the concentration of an acidic
solution by systematically adding a known concentration basic solution, or vice
versa until neutralisation is achieved. In this scenario, the high values of Ka and Kb
for both the acid and base signify complete dissociation, where all the acid or
base molecules fully break in into ions. At the equivalence point an equal number
of H+ and OH- ions combine to produce water, resulting in a pH of 7.0, indicating
a neutral solution. The equivalent point marks the stage in a neutralisation
reaction when the quantity of hydrogen ions matches the quantity of hydroxide
ions.
An indicator is a substance that has a distinctly different colour when in an acidic
or basic solution. A commonly used indicator for strong acid-strong base titrations
in phenolphthalein. Solutions in which a few drops of phenolphthalein. Solutions
in which a few drops of phenolphthalein have been added turn from colourless to
brilliant pink as the solution turns from acidic to basic. The steps in a titration
reaction are outlined below.

Strong acid-strong base Reaction

Strong Acid
A strong acid is one that undergoes full ionisation in an aqueous solution. This
implies that when a strong acid is introduced into a solvent like water, it will
entirely separate into its constituent ions, in contrast to a weak acid. The standard
formula for a strong acid is as follows:
−¿(aq)¿

HA ( aq ) H +¿ (aq )+ A
¿

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

Strong Bases
A strong base refers to a substance that undergoes complete ionisation
in aqueous solution. This signifies that when a strong base is introduced
into a medium like water, it will entirely disintegrate into its constituent
ions.
+¿ ¿
XOH(aq) X (aq) + O H−¿(aq)¿

Figure 1: Diagram of the strong acid-strong base Titration Curve (Research Gate,
no date)

Aim
The main objective of this experiment is to find out the concentration of H 2 Y . A
basic and standard solution of 3.90 gdm−3 sodium hydroxide is used in an acid-base
titration. The objective of this experiment is to confirm the acid’s concentration
titrating against 25 c m3 of sodium hydroxide. The indicator used is phenolphthalein.
At the point at which it reaches the equivalence point is the titration itself. Once
the phenolphthalein turns pink, the endpoint has been reached. The endpoint

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

and equivalent point are both equal. Since it now shows the volume of acid used,
it can now be used to find out the number of moles.

Materials, Methods & Safety

Method and Safety.
For the acid-base titration, the subsequent items were used for the experiment:
Filter funnel, beaker, burette, boss clamp and stand, conical flask, pipette and
then for solutions phenolphthalein, diprotic acid, and finally sodium hydroxide
(NaOH). In addition, the safety materials are gloves, lab coats and eye goggles.
The student should wear a lab coat to prevent the solutions from having contact
with the skin. This can be very bad and can cause skin irritation, burn or even peel
the skin. The student should also wear his goggles to avoid the solutions splashing
into his eyes. Before starting the experiment, the student should make sure that
the funnel and the conical flask are rinsed with water, the pipette is rinsed with
the base the burette is rinsed with the acid. This is to avoid inaccurate readings
due to excess solution in the equipment. The student should also use gloves to
protect the hands from the acid or base. First, pour the acid and base into
separate beakers. Then the student used a pipette of 25 c m3 to retrieve the NaOH
and pour it into the conical flask. Next, the student used a dropping pipette and 2
or 3 drops of phenolphthalein containing NaOH. The student then mixed it and
positioned the conical flask under the burette. The student filled the burette with
the dibasic acid ( H 2 Y ) to the 0c m3 mark using a funnel. The student then removed
the funnel and opened the tap which facilitated the flow of the dibasic acid ( H 2 Y )
into the conical flask which contained a solution of sodium hydroxide and
phenolphthalein. When the indicator(phenolphthalein) changed colour, the tap
was immediately turned off. The endpoint was recorded as the final burette
reading. Before the experiment was conducted, a table was made to record the
initial and final volume of acid used in c m3to two decimal places. Following each
titration, the burette was filled back to the initial burette reading(0c m3) and
repeated three times. The final burette readings and initial burette readings were

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

then subtracted from each other. The average burette reading was then
calculated by adding the three readings and dividing by three.

Materials

Figure 2: Pipette (Source: Labmaster advance, no date)

Figure 3: Burette, Clamp and Stand (Source: Fundamental Photographs, no date)

Figure 4: Filter funnel (Source: SKS science, no date)

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

Figure 5: Conical flask (Source: Findel

international, no date)
Figure 8: Lab coat (Source: pngwing,
no date)

Figure 6: Beaker (Source: Wikipedia,

no date)
Figure 9: Eye goggle (Source: kkn
international, no date)

Figure
7: Gloves (Source: iStock, no date)

Results
Volume of pipette used: 25cm3

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

Indicator used: Phenolphthalein

(a)
Rough 1st 2nd 3rd
Final burette reading(cm3) 19.20 18.90 19.10 19.30

Initial burette reading(cm3) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Volume of acid used(cm3) 19.20 18.90 19.10 19.30

18.90+19.10+19.30
Average volume of acid used: 3
=19.10 c m3

(b.)
Mass Concentration ( gdm−3 )
i.
−3
Concentration∈moldm =
Molar Mass ( gmol−1 )
−1
Molar Mass of NaOH =23+16+1=40 gmol
−3
−3 3.90 gdm −3
Concentration∈moldm = −1
=0.0975 moldm
40 gmol

ii. C A=?∧C B =0.0975 moldm

−3

3 3
V A =19.10 cm ∧V B=25.00 c m
CA × V A N A
=
CB × V B N B
C A ×19.10 1
=
0.0975 ×25.00 2
0.0975 ×25.00 −3
=C A=0.0638 moldm
2× 19.10
Mass Concentration ( gdm−3 )
iii.
−3
Concentration∈moldm =
Molar Mass ( gmol−1 )
MassConcentration ( gdm−3 )
Molar Mass ( gmol )=
−1

Concentration∈ ( moldm −3 )
−3
6.22 gdm
Molar Mass ( gmol )=
−1 −1
−3
=97.4 gmol ¿ the nearest whole number
0.0638 moldm

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

Discussion, Interpretation & Conclusion

This study’s goal is to find the concentration and molar mass of H 2 Y through the
titration of a fixed volume of 25 c m3 of a known concentration, 3.90 gd m−3 of the
base NaOH. The results are as follows: concentration: 0.0975mold m−3 and molar
mass: 97.4 gmol 3 respectively.
Therefore, this experiment supports the theory that the concentration of a strong
acid can be found by its titration against a strong base of known concentration
and fixed volume. The acid was titrated with phenolphthalein until it changed
colour.

References
 Funnel Photographs. (no date), “Phenolphtalein indicator” [Online image]
Available at: https://fphoto.photoshelter.com/image/I0000txuXr_cnfp0
[Accessed Date: 29th October 2023]

 Wikipedia (no date), “Burette” [Online image] Available at:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaker_%28laboratory_equipment%29#/me
dia/File:Glassware-_Beaker.jpg [Accessed Date: 29th October 2022]

 SKS science. (no date), “Glass funnels, Long Stem filling funnels” [Online
image] Available at: https://www.sks-science.com/glass-funnels-p-
8499.html [Accessed Date: 29th October 2022]

 Findel international. (no date), “Pyrex Heavy Duty Narrow Mouth Conical
Flask 1000ml” [Online image] Available at: https://www.findel-
international.com/product/science/glassware,-plastics-and-ceramics/
flasks/pyrex-heavy-duty-narrow-mouth-conical-flask-1000ml/e8r04422
[Accessed Date: 29th October 2022]

© NCUK Ltd. 2023

Sean Timothy Oghenerume Oviemo BS-22-0096

 PNGWING. (no date), “Lab Coats Sleeve Laboratory Jacket Clothing” [Online
image] Available at: https://www.pngwing.com/en/search?q=lab+coat
[Accessed Date: 29th October 2022]

 iStock. (no date), “Nitrile Gloves” [Online image] Available at:

https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/nitrile-gloves
[Accessed Date: 29th October 2022]

 kkninternational LLC. (no date), “Industrial Safety Glasses” [Online image]

Available at: https://kkninternationalllc.com/?attachment_id=1114
[Accessed date: 29th October 2022]

 LibreTexts Chemistry. (2022), “Titration of a strong acid with a strong base”

[Online] Available at:
https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Demos_Techniques_and_E
xperiments/General_Lab_Techniques/Titration/
Titration_of_a_Strong_Acid_With_A_Strong_Base [Accessed Date: 29th
October 2022]

 Asdib (no date), “Titration Curves for strong/strong acid” [online image]
Available at: https://asdlib.org/imageandvideoexchangeforum/strong-acid-
strong-base-titration-curve/
[Accessed date: 29th October 2022]

 Labmaster advance (no date), “Normax Volumetric pipette” [online image]

Available at:
https://www.labmaster-advance.com/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%
A2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD
%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94/
_Dbq_NORMAX_Dbq__Und_Volumetric_Und_Pipette
[Accessed Date: 29th October 2022]

© NCUK Ltd. 2023