Two stroke petrol engines

Exhaust port
Transfer
Port Inlet port

Srinivas A Asst. Prof. Dept. of Mechanical

Enginerring. Dr. TTIT KGF.
• In a 2-stroke engine, ports are present in
the cylinder in place of valves. The ports
are the openings in the cylinder opened
and closed by the movement of piston
with in the cylinder. There are three
ports, namely
• Inlet port: Through which admitting of
charge in to the crankcase takes place.
• Transfer port: Through which the charge
is transferred from the crankcase to the
cylinder.
• Exhaust port: Through which the burnt
gases are discharged out of the cylinder.
• In a 2-stroke engine, piston performs two
different strokes or crankshaft completes
one revolution to complete all the
operations of the working cycle. In these
engines there are no suction and exhaust
strokes, instead they are performed while
the compression and power strokes are in
progress.
Srinivas A Asst. Prof. Dept. of Mechanical Enginerring. Dr. TTIT
KGF.
First stroke(Downward stroke)
❖ At the beginning of this stroke, the piston is in the TDC as
shown in the figure(a). At this position, inlet port is
opened and hence fresh air petrol mixture enters into the
crankcase. At this position, compressed air-petrol mixture
present in the cylinder in the previous cycle is ignited by
the spark generated by the spark plug. The combustion of
fuel releases hot gases which increases the pressure in the
cylinder. The high pressure gases exerts a pressure on the
piston and hence the piston moves from TDC to BDC. Thus
piston performs power stroke. The power impulse is
transmitted from the piston to the crankshaft through the
connecting rod. This causes the crankshaft to rotate at
high speeds. Thus work is obtained in this stroke.
❖ As the piston moves downwards, it uncovers the exhaust
port and hence burnt gases escape out of the cylinder as
shown in the figure(b). As piston moves downwards
further, opens the transfer port and the charge in the
crank case is compressed by the underside of the piston as
shown in figure(b). the compressed charge from the
crankcase rushes into the cylinder through the transfer
port as shown in fig(b). the charge entering the cylinder
drives away the remaining exhaust gases through the
exhaust port.
Fig a Fig b
❖ The process of removing the exhaust gases with the help
of fresh charge is known as scavenging. The piston is
provided with a projection at its top known as ‘deflector’.
The purpose of providing a deflector is to deflect the fresh
charge coming through the transfer port to move towards
the top end of the cylinder. By doing this, the fresh charge
will be able to derive the entire burnt gases out of the
cylinder.
 Second stroke(Upward stroke):
❖ At the beginning of the stroke, piston is
in BDC and it covers the inlet port as
shown in figure(c) and stops the flow of
fresh charge into the crankcase. During
the stroke, piston ascends and move
towards TDC. As the piston moves
upwards, it closes the transfer port,
there by stopping the flow of fresh
charge into the cylinder kas shown in
figure(d).
❖ Further upward movement of the
piston closes the exhaust port and
actual compression of the charge
begins. In the meantime, the inlet port
is opened, and the upward movement
of piston creates a suction in the
crankcase. Fresh charge enters into the
crankcase through the inlet port as
shown in the figure(a). the compression
of the charge in the cylinder continues
till the piston reaches the TDC. This
completes the cycle.
 Comparison of petrol and diesel engines(SI and CI engines):
Petrol Engine(SI (CI engine)) Diesel Engine(CI Engine)
Drawn a mixture of petrol and air during the suction Drawn only air during suction stroke.
stroke.
The carburetor is employed to mix air and petrol in The injector is employed to inject the fuel at the end
the required proportion and to supply it to the of compression stroke.
engine during suction stroke
Compression ratio ranges from 7:1 to 12:1 Compression ratio ranges from 16:1 to 20:1
The charge(i.e. petrol and air mixture) is ignited with The ignition of the diesel is accomplished by the
the help of spark plug. This type of ignition is called compressed air which will have been heated due to
spark ignition. high compressed ratio, to the temperature higher
than the ignition temperature of the diesel. This type
of ignition is called compression ignition.
The combustion of fuel takes place approximately at The combustion of fuel takes place approximately at
constant volume. constant pressure.
Works on theoretical Otto Cycle. Works on theoretical diesel cycle.
Power developed is less. Power developed is more.
Thermal efficiency is low. It is up to about 26% Thermal efficiency is high. It is up to about 40%.
These are high speed engines These are low speed engines.
The maintenance cost is less The maintenance cost is more.
The running cost is high because of the higher cost The running cost is low because of lower cost of
of petrol diesel
Lighter and cheaper because of lowSrinivas
compression Heavier
A Asst. Prof. Dept. and costlier because of high compression
of Mechanical
Enginerring. Dr. TTIT KGF.
ratio. ratio.
 Comparison between 2-stroke and 4-stroke I.C Engines.
2 – Stroke Engine 4 – Stroke Engine
Require two separate stroke to complete Requires four stroke to complete one cycle
one cycle of operation. of operation.
Power is developed in every revolution of Power is developed for every two
the crankshaft revolutions of the crankshaft.
The inlet, transfer and exhaust ports are The inlet and exhaust are open and closed
opens and closed by movement of piston by the valves.
itself.
Turing movement is not uniform and Turing moment is uniform and hence
hence requires a heavier flywheel. requires lighter flywheel.
The charge is first admitted into the The charge is directly admitted into the
crankcase and then transferred to the engine cylinder during the suction stroke.
engine cylinder.
For the same power developed the For the same power developed the engine
engine is heavy and bulky. is light and compact
Thermal efficiency is low Thermal efficiency is high.
Requires greater lubricant and coolant Requires lesser lubricant and coolant
Fuel consumption is more. Fuelof Mechanical
Srinivas A Asst. Prof. Dept. consumption is less
Enginerring. Dr. TTIT KGF.