WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE

Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné

FIRST AID AT WORK

According to Section 46 of Act XCIII of 1993 on Occupational Safety and Health (Mvt.), the material,
personal and organizational conditions for first aid at work must be provided at the workplace, according
to its nature, location, source of danger, number of employees and organization of work. Regulation No
3/2002 of 8.II.2002 on the minimum level of occupational safety requirements at work According to the
provisions of § 20 of the SzCsM-EüM Joint Decree, first aid equipment or rescue boxes adapted depending
on the hazard of the activity and work processes and the number of workers and the presence of a person
trained from among the employees and designated for first aid must be provided at each workplace and
shift
Even the most precise first aid cannot replace a medical examination. All injured and unwell people should
also be shown to a doctor. The purpose of first aid is to prevent further deterioration of the patient's
condition, to avert any threat to life and to try to calm the patient.
It is up to the doctor to determine the severity of the injury, what to do and what to do next.

Content

LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS ............................................................................................................................... 2

TYPES OF WOUNDS, BLEEDING ....................................................................................................................... 4
WOUND CARE ................................................................................................................................................. 4
INJURIES AND BURNS CAUSED BY HEAT .......................................................................................................... 5
POISONINGS ................................................................................................................................................... 6
ELECTRIC SHOCK 7 .............................................................................................................................................
WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE
Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné

Clinical or biological death?

It is often difficult to decide, and the decision is in the hands of the first aider on the spot. However, if you
see even a small chance, begin CPR and continue according to protocol until you are picked up, or until
breathing returns or until ambulances arrive. The unconscious injured person is usually immobile, his basic
vital functions can be perceived, but he does not or hardly responds to stimuli from the outside world. Due
to the loss or decrease of reflexes, the blood or vomit accumulated in the mouth can be spit out or coughed
out by the injured person, so it can get into the respiratory tract. Due to a decrease in muscle tone, a
tongue sliding backwards can also form a respiratory obstruction.

LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Loss of consciousness is a life-threatening condition!
In an unconscious, non-breathing patient, blood circulation and breathing should be started. Ventilation
and heart massage should be performed by an experienced first aider, doctor or nurse.
A. permeable, airways
B. blow-in ventilation ,
C. circulation ,
D. defibrillation

1 (blowing) : 5 (heart massage) - 1 person for first aid

2 (blow-in) : 30(heart massage) - 2 persons for first aid
The unconscious patient is placed in a safe (stable) side position, fresh air is provided, his face is gently
tapped, cold water can be splashed, his clothing is loosened and he is smelled of a strong-smelling liquid
(e.g. ammonia) and medical help/emergency is called
WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE
Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné

UNCONSCIOUSNESS (EXAMINATION):
1. We approach the injured person and address him. We gently shake the shoulder.
If the injured person is conscious, he answers our question, reacts to external stimuli, makes voluntary
movements, opens his eyes.
If the injured person is unconscious, then when we speak to him, he will not respond. He does not respond
to external pain stimuli, gentle shaking of the shoulder, he has no voluntary movements. It gives the
impression of an unconscious injured sleeping person.
Dangers of an unconscious state:
• Due to his condition, he cannot escape (he can get inside the car) due to his unconsciousness, the
muscles become untoned, the tongue may fall backwards, the injured person may suffocate.
Foreign matter that got into the oral cavity can get into the respiratory tract, causing suffocation.
• reflexes decrease or disappear completely – e.g. cough reflex – mucus accumulated in the oral
cavity – saliva, blood, vomit – cannot leave, getting into the lungs can cause suffocation.
These hazards must be prevented. The unconscious injured person should always be checked for
oral cavity. Foreign matter must be removed from the oral cavity.

2. We cry out for help!

Check the injured person's breathing.
• We check the damaged oral cavity, if there is foreign matter in it, wipe it out.
• loosen clothing on the neck
• Raise the injured chin, close the mouth. With triple sensing, the breathing of the injured person
is checked.
WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE
Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné

I HEAR—I SEE—I FEEL—

• We test breathing for 10 seconds.
• If for 10 seconds the injured person breathes at least 2 times, then his breathing is satisfactory.
PERMEABLE AIRWAYS must be ensured. (STABLE SIDE POSITION OR CHIN RAISING)
Stable lateral lying cannot be performed:
• fracture of the spine, femur, pelvic bone or suspected fracture
• sternum, rib fracture or suspected fracture
• open abdominal injury
• In this case, we ensure permeable airways by raising the chin.

If for 10 seconds the injured person breathes 1 time or not once, then his breathing is not satisfactory.
IT IS NECESSARY TO IMMEDIATELY BEGIN RESUSCITATION OF THE DAMAGED COMPLEX.

TYPES OF WOUNDS, BLEEDING

Depending on the nature of the lesion, distinguish:
• Cut
• Crushed
• Torn
• Bitten
• and Gunshot wounds.
The wound poses a double danger: infection and bleeding.
During infection, bacteria can enter the body from the environment that can cause serious infection. The
infection is rarely confined to a limited circle and usually spreads rapidly, spreading throughout the body
and even infecting others.
Bleeding can be of several types, depending on the damaged blood vessels. Such bleeding
• capillary, when blood leaks only weakly,
• in case of collecting vein or varicose veins, dark-colored blood flows evenly with a small pressure,
• When bleeding from the arteries, bright red blood is injected in a jet of beat, pulsating

High levels of blood loss pose a mortal danger. It follows that one of the important and quickly
performed tasks of wound care is hemostasis.
WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE
Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné

Hemostasis can occur

• by bandaging the wound,
• finger pressure – in case of arterial bleeding
• or with an auxiliary tool.
The general consequences of injuries can be fainting (loss of consciousness), heart weakness, shock.
They occur only in severe cases, but the local consequences of any injury are always present in some
form.
Arterial pressure points:
• temple
• neck
• upper arm-forearm-hand
• thigh-knee bend- leg
In case of successful intervention, the bleeding will stop.

WOUND CARE
• The wound should be treated carefully but firmly. Therefore, in general order:
• In any case, plant or lay out the injured. The bleeding body part is raised higher. When severe
bleeding is involved, the bleeding should be stopped, and only then should further wound care
take place.
• All bleeding is already reduced when the bleeding part of the body is lifted.
• Let's see where the wound is? When the wound is found, in many cases it is necessary to remove
clothes from the injured person. Undressing should always be done gently. Do it only as much as
you need, otherwise you can cause pain to the injured person, expose him to the risk of colds and
hurt his vulva.
• Wash hands whenever possible.
• When the area around the wound is dirty (oily, muddy, bloody, etc.), wipe it with sterile gauze
with a wiping motion from the edge of the wound to the outside. The wound should not be washed
with water or any other disinfectant liquid! It is forbidden to touch the wound and the part of the
dressing applied to the wound with hands.
WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE
Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné
Injuries of bones, joints

The bones, joints of the human body are flexible, heavy-duty. but they can also be damaged by excessive
exertion, external force, but also by prolonged immobility or forced position.

Under the influence of external forces, falls, bumps, wading, falling and falling objects, improper turning
of the body, overloading bones and joints (lifting excess weight, posture) can cause cracking, fracture of
the bone, deformation of joints. The former case is called a fracture, the latter - a sprain, or sprain.

Open, closed or covered bone fractures are distinguished. A bone fracture is covered if there is no soft
tissue injury at the fracture site. A fracture is open if bone parts are also visible in the wound at the fracture
site.

• A covered fracture can be recognized by:

• The shape of the broken limb changes,
• The fracture site is painful
• The limb can be moved abnormally,
• The injured person cannot use his hands, cannot stand on his feet

Recognizing an open fracture does not cause difficulties, because fracture ends are most often visible in
the wound.
In case of bone fracture, the most important thing to do is to prevent the movement of the broken body
part. This can be achieved with different fastenings. In the case of an open fracture, the wound is bandaged
first, because through the wound it is easy to infect the body, and then fixation is performed.
The most common fractures are arm and leg fractures. If you have called a doctor, in case of a forearm
fracture, sit the injured person until the doctor arrives and support the injured limb with the intact one. In
WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE
Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné
case of fractured upper arm, the accident victim should press his arm to his chest with his intact hand,
while the injured hand lies on the shoulders of the intact side.
In case of fracture of the lower extremities, the injured should lie motionless.

INJURIES AND BURNS CAUSED BY HEAT

There are more and more flammable and even explosive substances in our environment. The use of
plastics has significantly expanded the range of ignition, burning.

The massification and use of technical devices also increases heat generation, thus local warming
concentrations, from which, if properly conditions, fires can arise.
The fire was the cause of many mass disasters. Fire itself causes great damage, destroying useful values. It
also poisons the surrounding air, as the fire burns out the oxygen of the air in the area of origin, on the
one hand, and on the other hand, the combustion products, including carbon monoxide and carbon
dioxide gases, are toxic.
Injuries caused by higher temperatures are burns.
Its symptoms are divided into local and general. Depending on the degree of local lesions, burns were
classified into degrees in terms of severity.
Thus, burns of the I, II, III and IV degrees are distinguished.
WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE
Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné
Burning means partial or complete disappearance of the skin surface, accompanied by great pain and
difficult healing (slow process of skin regrowth, permanent scars, spots). With a burn of the IV degree,
the body part and body are charred.
• Degree: Redness, pain. It must be kept under running water. Nothing should be eaten on it.
Sterile top dressing.
• Degree: Redness, pain. Blisters are formed. Running water, loose sterile top dressing.
• Degree : It can burn up to the bone. Clothing can also burn into the wound. It is forbidden to
take out clothes. Hydration. Due to a burn, shock can be given to the injured. A lot of fluid
escapes next to damaged tissues.
• degree of charring.
For larger expansions, it is necessary to wrap the damaged one in a white sheet. Pain relief, hydration.

Rule 9 own palm 1%. Above 5% requires specialist care.

Task with the burned injured:

1. Cooling
2. Infection prevention
3. Pain relief
4.Rehydration
5. Perception
6.Call for help
May cause burns:
- flame, hot objects ( dry combustion)
-scalding
- electric combustion
-frostbite
- chemical burn
-radiation

POISONINGS
Substances that are harmful when ingested into the body in small amounts are called poisons. These toxic
substances can enter the body:
• Orally. [drug poisoning, gasoline poisoning]
• Through respiratory tract. [CO poisoning, CO2 poisoning, chlorine]
• Absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes. [agricultural poisonings] The possibility of
poisoning can be highlighted by the mechanism of poisoning, circumstances. [closed garage,
engine running - suspected CO poisoning, farewell letter, empty medicine boxes – suspected drug
poisoning, pungent odour, choking breathing
• Caustics: Acid – alkali
• Acid: nitric, hydrochloric. The skin becomes rough to the touch. It can be neutralized with alkali.
(Baking soda solution.)
•
WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE
Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné
Contaminated laundry should be removed, rinsed with plenty of running water, further than with burning.
In case of chemical splashes in the eyes
• severe pain
• can't open your eyes
• hyperemia, swollen eyes
• abundant tearing

Rinse eyes with clean running water. Application of a sterile top dressing. OMSZ
In the case of alkali, the lesion is liquefied. We can neutralize it with acid. (Lemon, vinegar solution.)
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO INDUCE VOMITING, AFTER DRINKING THE CAUSTIC. Water should be drunk with it.

ELECTRIC SHOCK

Our daily life is unimaginable without electrical equipment: everywhere we look, they are everywhere. Do
we always use them with care? Do you know what to do in case of electric shock?
When
an electric current passes through a person's body, we speak of electric shock.
Causes
• Insufficiently careful use of tools,
• contact of water and electricity,
• touching high voltage (more than 1000 volts, e.g. a high-voltage line torn off during a storm),
• lightning strike (one lightning strike is about 30 million Volts).burning around the mouth.
WORKPLACE FIRST AID COURSE
Wri3en by Irma Pásztor Tőzsérné
Symptoms
The consequences of electric shock can vary in severity, including burns, damage to internal organs,
abnormal heart rhythms or death.
• feeling of electric shock, numbness, tingling, fright, disturbance of consciousness,
• burns (electric tickets), open wounds where the blow hits the body or leaves towards the ground,
• muscle spasm, muscle twitching, sudden immobility, fracture, deformed part of the body,
• seizure,
• trouble breathing, abnormal heart rhythm, chest pain, loss of consciousness, circulatory arrest, in
young children, if an electric cord is put in their mouth, injuries to the face may occur, or

1. Create security, do not approach the injured person in case of danger! Use rubber gloves! First and
foremost, pay attention to your own safety, do not touch the injured person while in contact with the
power source.
2. 60-70% of the body is made up of water, so it conducts electricity extremely well. Therefore, the most
important thing is to get the damaged one out of the circuit as soon as possible. If the power cannot be
disconnected, you can try to push the person out of the circuit with a non-conductive object (e.g. wood,
plastic) at low voltage (but this can be dangerous for the emergency responder).
3. If you cannot disconnect the damaged person from the power source, call an ambulance and technical
rescue immediately.
4. Once you are sure that the injured person can be safely touched, test your responsiveness. If it is not
necessary, do not move him!
5. On an injured person who is conscious, look for burns on the skin, open wounds. If you find a power
ticket, cool it, disinfect it, then bandage it.
6. In case of unconsciousness, examine breathing, and in its absence, begin resuscitation.