Research Article Vol. 57, No.

27 / 20 September 2018 / Applied Optics 7997

All-optical wireless wavelength multiplexing and

demultiplexing using resonant cavity
TEANCHAI CHANTAKIT,1 SURASAK CHIANGGA,1 IRAJ S. AMIRI,2 AND PREECHA YUPAPIN3,4,*
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
2
Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
3
Computational Optics Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, District 7,
Ho Chi Minh City 700,000, Vietnam
4
Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City 700,000, Vietnam
*Corresponding author: preecha.yupapin@tdtu.edu.vn

Received 12 June 2018; revised 15 August 2018; accepted 24 August 2018; posted 24 August 2018 (Doc. ID 334919); published 18 September 2018

The potential capability of wireless wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing can enable the next development
of smaller photonic counterparts for network architectures. This paper numerically represents a new design of a
wireless transmission in C-band infrared wavelengths within two identical resonant cavities between photonic
chips. This system consists of an H1 rod-type two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) microcavity, which
can be operated as both a transmitter and a receiver without interfering with the signal in each PhC waveguide.
By using the point-to-point oscillatory light-field exchange between resonant cavities, two independent photonic
circuits are linked with each other. The obtained results show that the multi-resonance wavelengths in one chip
can be transferred to another chip located far away by ten times the highest resonance wavelength. Such a device
can be useful for integrated optical circuit interconnect and small-scale sensors between photonic chips. © 2018
Optical Society of America

OCIS codes: (350.4238) Nanophotonics and photonic crystals; (140.3945) Microcavities; (230.1150) All-optical devices; (260.2160)
Energy transfer; (060.2605) Free-space optical communication.

https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.007997

1. INTRODUCTION by various approaches, such as the light fidelity (LiFi) system

Optical wireless communications on the nanophotonics plat-
form has emerged as superior due to its performance with
the lossless power of nano-antennas rather than wire transmis-
sion in the far-field range of an optical window [1,2]. Such a
device can manipulate photon transfer, which has been oper-
ated in free propagation radiation and localized energy conver-
sion [3]. Indeed, light coupling between waveguides is deemed
effective in a very close range, such as the add/drop ring res-
onator. However, light coupling with dense wavelength division
multiplexing (DWDM) in a very close range can cause signal
distortion. This is because too much simultaneous optical in-
tensity can be combined to generate the wavelength conversion
and its crosstalk superposition [4,5]. An infrared spectrum
around 1400–3000 nm, which included a C band for fiber op-
tics, was mainly used for free-space optical communications [6].
The method to integrate wireless transmission and all-optical
chip-scale devices that can directly manipulate the communi-
cation channel may exhibit new possibilities for minimized
space interconnect within photonic counterparts.
The efforts toward the crucial development of on-chip
communications in an optical window have been intensified
[7], the thermal excitation of optical antennas [8], flat metasur-
face antennas [9,10], plasmonic whispering gallery resonators
[11], and enhanced near-field measurement [12,13]. Many de-
signs of optical nano-antennas have been conducted in different
geometries and using different materials to accomplish the most
efficient optical radiation [14], and other technologies have
been recently proposed for wireless links exploiting dielectric
antennas and plasmonic antennas coupled with such a dielectric
waveguide [15,16]. However, all-dielectric optical nano-anten-
nas have provided a superior performance in terms of radiation
efficiency, and they support both electric and magnetic reso-
nant modes [17,18]. For flat optics, a dipole-like radiation that
has been confined by a rod-type two-dimensional (2D) pho-
tonic crystal (PhC) can potentially suppress light absorption
with high-Q resonances [19], but it is considered a drawback
in far-field coupling [20]. Nevertheless, an all-dielectric an-
tenna based on a 2D PhC has been designed on the thin slab
of material with drilled holes and a single wavelength transmis-
sion [21,22]. In addition, wavelength multiplexing and
demultiplexing devices in this time are working on waveguide
structures, such as fiber optics cable and other waveguides

1559-128X/18/277997-08 Journal © 2018 Optical Society of America

 7998 Vol. 57, No. 27 / 20 September 2018 / Applied Optics Research Article

[23–27] and the 2D PhC waveguide (PCW) [28,29], which as

a counterpart size is difficult to minimize into the subwave-
length scales.
In this work, we propose wireless wavelength multiplexing
and demultiplexing in a far-field range for operating with the
optical signal in a C-band spectrum. By using the light-field
exchange between the rod-type 2D PhC cavities, we can
manipulate the wavelength multiplexer and demultiplexer on
the resonant peaks of both photonic chips. Consequently, to
integrate the multi-resonance wavelength into the H1 2D
PhC resonant cavity, the highly nonlinear Kerr material was
implemented as a defect rod. Three Ta2 O5 defect rods are also
placed at one side of the cavity as an antenna surface, which is
directed toward free space. The efficient wireless link needs two
identical structures in a distant range. Moreover, the free-space
gap between two antenna surfaces acts as a cavity-like system
that can be developed for target applications, such as medical or
flow rate sensors. We numerically demonstrate that the inter-
action between two distant resonant cavities in a far-field
range generates reactive power that can exchange all-optical
wavelengths in a C band within the single transmission line. The
point-to-point oscillation thus illustrates the non-dispersive
detection signal at a separation length 10 times larger than
the highest resonance wavelength of the emitter, which is ap-
plied to the chip-embedded optical antenna. Fig. 1. (a) Conceptual optical wireless transmission between pho-
tonic chips, which passes through the 2D PhC H1 nano-cavity sur-
rounded by defect rods. The cavity can dispatch the transmitting and
2. DESIGN AND MODELING receiving capability within the same structure. (b) A dispersion relation
To design a wireless wavelength multiplexer and demultiplexer, diagram of the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM)
modes of the proposed antenna structure.
two distant resonant cavities based on a rod-type 2D PhC struc-
ture were optimized for the manipulation of nano-antennas
with oscillatory exchange coupling. As depicted in Fig. 1,
the rod-type 2D PhC is formed by 220 nm indium phosphide 1.260 μm ≤ λ ≤ 1.749 μm for r∕a
0.2973. This range also
(InP) rod radius with a refractive index (n) of 3.1 (at C band) on covers the entire wavelength in a C-band spectrum. In addition,
the 500 nm thickness of silicon substrate (n ∼ 3.4). For the electromagnetic waves are forbidden in PBGs for a perfect PhC;
resonant cavity, PCW cavity coupling is intensified, replacing however, our operation wavelength can still be confined and
the InP rods at every corner of the shell layer with Ta2 O5 perfectly propagated through the PCW. The latent properties
(n ∼ 2.085) as the defect rod (red rods). This defect rod radius of Ta2 O5 and InP, such as the wavelength-dependent and
in the shell layer is 230 nm. The hexagonal lattice is defined by imaginary part refractive index, and the Kerr coefficient were
r
0.2973a, and the cavity’s rods varied from r
0.19 μm to set up in the material profile of a simulation program. These
r
0.27 μm, which the fabrication techniques and the tunable parameters will intensify the linear periodic compo-
fabrication technology have now fully developed and have nent, which results in enhancing the Kerr PhC [38]. The
the capability of fabricating the structure in these scales Kerr-induced self-focusing in the PhC exhibits nonlinear
[30–34]. Moreover, the three 250 nm Ta2 O5 rods [see propagation effects [39], and the nonlinear Kerr can be en-
Fig. 1(a)] at the outward side support cavity-enhanced sponta- hanced by a naturally light flow controlling the 2D PhC
neous emission, also acting as an antenna surface that manages [40], where the optical resonance remains linear. We use the
to boost a direction with mode resonances [35]. nonlinear response of InP [41,42] and Ta2 O5 rods [43] around
Reasonably, the H1 monopole mode oscillation provides a cavity to tune the resonant peaks with different resonance
substantial local-field enhancement, which can generate wavelengths. By following the applications in Ref. [44], we
coupling strength between the emitter cavity and the receiver identified three Ta2 O5 rods at the antenna surface for boosting
cavity. This effect allows the two resonators to act effectively as the signal range and vice versa due to their high sensitivity with
a donor–acceptor pair despite their large separation [36,37]. evanescent-field sensing. All of these designs allow us to gain
Moreover, the one advantage of the H1 2D PhC cavity is it both an all-optical wireless transmission and (de)multiplexer
also supports multi-resonance wavelengths that have a at the same time.
waveguide–cavity coupling constant limit. Consequently, this In the PhC slab with drilled holes, the total internal reflec-
multimode coupling has been utilized, and wavelength multi- tion in the vertical direction appears in addition to the distrib-
plexing and demultiplexing can occur. The dispersion diagram uted Bragg reflection in the in-plane direction. The rod-type
in Fig. 1(b) shows the photonic bandgap (PBG) for the TE 2D PhC waveguide structure, however, exhibits a total scatter-
mode of the proposed structure, which occurs in a range of ing between the nanopost array, which leads to some change in
 Research Article Vol. 57, No. 27 / 20 September 2018 / Applied Optics 7999

Fig. 2. Cavity confinement efficiency variation versus rod height

and radius when the Gaussian-modulated CW beam at a wavelength
of 1.55 μm is injected into the system.

the propagation mode and introduces radiation losses in the

out-of-plane direction. In this case, an approach to manipulate
the Q-factor is more specific than the slab waveguide because
there is a chance that light will leak on the top of the structure
or couple into the substrate. As the resonance cavity mode is
sensitive with the dielectric rods [45], we outline two significant
parameters: rod radius and height. We fixed the rods around
the cavity by using the InP rods, and we vary only the radius
from r
0.19 μm to r
0.27 μm. The variation of the InP
rod radius in this range can tune the resonance cavity mode,
also providing the coupling efficiency between waveguide
and cavity higher than 50%. Importantly, the height of the
nanopost also varied from h
0.5 μm to h
1.75 μm with
the rod radii, providing a significant result of the proper con-
dition for the high-Q cavity, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
In addition, the dielectric rod height is not affecting only the
Q-factor, but it also affects the efficiency of the optical mode
traveling in a PCW.
We demonstrated the proper rod height, where only the per-
fect condition could initiate the complete TE and TM dipole
mode in a microcavity. Otherwise, the waveguide mode will lie
above the air and silica light line, and it would leak toward both
the air on the top of the structure and the substrate regions if
the structure were too short. This is because of the effective
index of the PhC, which would be much smaller than its bulk
index, and consequently, the band diagram will shift toward
higher frequencies. It is also the same with a very high rod,
which produces multi-mode propagation. Hence, some of the
higher modes may become radiative and will leak toward both
the air on the top of the structure and the substrate regions.
While the finite length nanoposts of the rod-type 2D PhC dif-
fer from the slab structure, we investigated the effect of rod
height on the leaking light on the top of the structure and the
substrate regions.
The three-dimensional (3D) finite difference time domain
(FDTD) Lumerical simulations have shown that the light
propagation in our structure is dependent on the finite
length of the rods, as shown in Fig. 3. With the radius at
Fig. 3. (a)–(f ) The relation between the 3D light propagation and
the dielectric rod height for 2D PhCs. The wavelength of 1.55 μm
with power 1 W∕m2 has been launched into a PCW. As the resonance
intensity is higher than the local field propagation, the simulation time
had been defined at 1500 fs, which results in convergence. The nano-
post base was set at h
0, and the substrate thickness is between
h
0 to h
−0.5 μm. (g) Evaluated transmittance of power leaking
on both a plane above the PhC and a plane below the PhC.
r
0.23 μm, light leaked out on top of the structure, and
some was coupled into the substrate when h
1.0 μm and
lower [Figs. 3(a)–3(c)]. However, light propagation begins to
diffuse into the substrate and out of the PCW, which is
oriented perpendicular to the traveling direction when a rod
is too high [Fig. 3(f )]. This causes the minimized intensity
while it travels in a very long distance. For a convenient design,
we defined the new r∕h ratio parameter, which is related to
the dispersion relation as follows:
r r
∼ , (1)
h 2a
where r is the dielectric rod radius of the structure, h is the rod
height, and a is the rod interval. This correlation perfectly fit
the lossless light propagation in rod-type PCWs, in which the
high contrast of the refractive index between the rod and the
surrounding free space is presented.
 8000 Vol. 57, No. 27 / 20 September 2018 / Applied Optics Research Article

Table 1. Setup Parameters for Different Simulation Tools

Time Mesh Size
Numerical Tool Source Parameter (μm)
OptiFDTD Gaussian-modulated CW half-width Time offset 10.267 fs half-width 100,000 steps 0.1
0.45 μm 2.5 ps
Lumerical (3D FDTD, Time domain: standard 193.414 THz Pulse length 3000 fs 1500 fs 0.00025
MODE)

3. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION which is the second constructive interference point. This result
For the investigation, we divided our model into two parts forced us to use a wavelength between 1.45 and 1.55 μm for
that consist of only one resonance wavelength (1.55 μm) and multi-wavelength multiplexing.
multi-resonance of six wavelengths. Two PhC antenna struc- To demonstrate, we evaluated the relative amplitude in the
tures were placed far away by λ∕2, where λ is the resonance near-field transition zone (∼2λ < L < 2D2 ∕λ) and far-field
wavelength, which was defined between the outer edges of (L > 2D2 ∕λ) ranges, where D is the horizontal diameter of
the antenna surfaces. Then, the interval of distant antenna the antenna surface [blue dash line in Fig. 5(a)]. The separation
surfaces was further extended by steps of λ∕2. The important length L had been determined from the outer rim of three
simulation parameters are indicated in Table 1. Ta2 O5 rods in one structure to another, positioning at the same
side of the defect rods, as displayed in Fig. 5(a). As depicted in
A. Single Resonance Wavelength Fig. 5(b), the first position at 0.775 μm (λ∕2) has maximum
Regarding antenna ability, wireless transmission behavior was relative amplitude at both chips of the lowest Eigenmode lo-
observed when the coupled cavity was strongly oscillated. By cated in the near-field range. The next correlative intensity with
using the FDTD from the free version of OptiFDTD, we 98.23% power transfer is positioned at L
5.425 μm (7λ∕2),
launched a Gaussian-modulated continuous wave at a wave-
length of 1.55 μm into an input port of chip I (transmitter),
as shown in Fig. 4(a). By indicating the antenna pattern, the
directional emission of the resonant cavity was established. The
fundamental calculation commenced with the directivity
Dθ, φ given in Ref. [14];
4πpθ, φ
Dθ, φ
, (2)
P rad
where pθ, φ is the total radiation intensity distribution of H1
2D PhC, and P rad is the radiation power obtained by the
Lumerical 3D FDTD simulation results.
Antenna directivity was sequentially optimized with the
angular domain using the field components resulting from
the numerical simulation. The radiation pattern emits its power
out of the photonic chip, and its direction is perpendicular to
the antenna surface of a photonic chip. The directivity of this
antenna pattern is 13.067 dB, as illustrated in Fig. 4(b). The
directivity calculation was performed on a closed box surround-
ing the antenna structure. There are two closed box investiga-
tions, one of which surrounds the antenna structure of the
transmitter for observing the emission pattern from the
resonant cavity. This simulation allowed us to evaluate how
the different number of Ta2 O5 rods and their radii affect beam-
forming. The null in directivity for a zero-elevation angle [green
curve in Fig. 4(b)] with an angular domain between two side
lobes determines the position of the transmitting antenna,
which has bearing on the receiving antenna for wireless
communications. The second closed box contains both the
Fig. 4. (a) Light propagation for the wavelength of 1.55 μm at the
transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. This pattern separation range of 7λ∕2 (5.425 μm) indicates an interaction between
evaluates the proper bandwidth in a function of distance that the emitter and the receiver. (b) Directivity calculation result for the
the radiation power burst out of the transmitting antenna, cavity field emission of a dipole-like emitter within the transmitting
which we assume it as the first constructive interference point. cavity. The antenna pattern illustrates the boost signal directly in the
The beamforming signal will focus to the receiving antenna, free space, which has a higher emission on the Ta2 O5 rod’s side.
 Research Article
Fig. 5. (a) Model transfers the optical wavelength of 1.55 μm be-
tween the transmitter and the receiver. The measured interval is de-
fined as the separation length (L). The separation length is first set at
λ∕2. The next lengths are λ, 3λ∕2, and so on. We increase this length
in the order of nλ∕2, where n is the number of steps from 1 to 20.
(b) The relative amplitude of the wireless transfer was determined from
the peak-to-peak resonance frequency between two cavities, where a
transmittance of cavity-to-cavity pertains to the E z -field component
within both cavities. (c) The transmittances at output ports in chip
I (P1) and chip II (P2 and P3) were normalized from the E z field
at the input. The average transmittance at P1 is around 70%, and
those at P2 and P3 depend on wireless communications. (d) The
optical couple between two parallel waveguides. (e) The relative
amplitude of different parallel waveguides without an H1 cavity.
which is approximately at the boundary between the radiative
near field (Fresnel region) and the far field. However, there were
two efficient transfer levels just above 85%, as well as 65% be-
yond the transition zone. The substantial relative amplitude
was transmitted at 86.20% for L
10.075 μm (13λ∕2).
Every peak appears in the nodd λ∕2 and results in the reso-
nance mode being out of phase between cavities. However,
there is one peak with the transmission at 83.25% that occurs
in the neven λ∕2 or at 8λ (12.4 μm), where the resonance mode
between cavities is in phase. This point provided 67.79% wire-
less transmission in the range L
14.725 μm (19λ∕2). As a
result, the transfer potential was continuing around 60% with
the directivity of 12.374 dB until it reached 50% acceptable
loss (3 dB) at ∼17 μm (∼11λ). With the single wavelength,
there was a fluctuating relative transfer efficiency pattern [peri-
odic 3λ in Fig. 5(b)]. This downward transmission efficiency
had been formed due to the local cavity excitation, and the
Vol. 57, No. 27 / 20 September 2018 / Applied Optics 8001
responding isolated cavity in another structure was unmatched.
This is because the oscillation mode mismatch between cavities
was changed by the coupling constant when L had been
tuned, and the relative amplitude responded to the resonance
frequency and generated the periodic energy transfer.
In addition, we investigated the optical coupling between
two parallel waveguides to demonstrate that wireless transmis-
sion can only be achieved by the oscillation of the cavity mode
in an H1 2D PhC cavity. For 2D PCWs, the line waveguide
with symmetrical InP rods in Fig. 5(d) confirmed the indepen-
dent traveling wave for each photonic chip, which did not cou-
ple between waveguides at L > λ. The three modified defect
rods, however, had increased the power leak into the free-space
gap at 1%–2%, as displayed in Fig. 5(e). Similarly, our design
without the H1 cavity was made of all InP rods, or the bend
waveguide had also been simulated. This structure illustrated
a higher-power leak into the free-space gap. Besides, non-
directional emission from waveguide coupling was formed,
as represented in Fig. 5(e), when the antenna surface was placed
at the edge of the chip structures. It was also apparently sub-
stantiated that the separated photonic chips without a cavity
structure were functioning independently. In addition, the ef-
ficient wireless transmission between two distant PhC-based
chips was manifested through the peak-to-peak resonant cavities.
Finally, the mode analysis of resonant cavities and periodic
transfer was investigated using the Lumerical MODE solution.
There was a phase difference of π between two resonant cavities
at L
5.425 μm (7λ∕2), as shown in Fig. 6(a), which can be
well conceived as a system of coupled harmonics oscillators.
Moreover, the Poynting vector resulted in the strong quantita-
tive imaginary part, as illustrated in Fig. 6(d). The stationary
energy density was confined within the transmission line of two
interacting resonant cavities, indicating the existence of reactive
power (or stored energy). Although the energy transfer is ne-
glected for stationary resonance in the far-field range, the non-
radiative coupling between resonances objects (sub-resonance
of the reactive power in a periodic energy transfer) could
Fig. 6. Visualization of the induced cavity response in chip II when
chip I is on-resonance, provided by Lumerical MODE solutions
(a) E z , (b) H x , and (c) H y at the separation range of 7λ∕2. (d) The
imaginary part of the Poynting vector in the y direction signifies
the reactive energy, while there are resonant peaks on both photonic
chips.
 8002 Vol. 57, No. 27 / 20 September 2018 / Applied Optics
accomplish the wireless link between two distant cavities. The
resonant energy-exchange model in Ref. [46] confirmed that
wireless energy transfer via resonant modes in the transition
zone and far-field had been formed by expanding the evanes-
cent-field pattern over large distances. As a result, the imple-
mented coupling of an optical transfer mechanism operated
as long as the evanescent wave could be generated by the os-
cillation coupling between the transmitting cavity and receiving
cavity.
B. Wireless Wavelength Multiplexing and
Demultiplexing
The propagating wavelengths of 1.45, 1.47, 1.49, 1.51, 1.53,
and 1.55 μm in a 2D PCW were coupled into the same cavity
structure as in chip I. Each wavelength had been launched at
the input port of chip I with an incident power of 1 W∕m2 . In
fact, this design provided light propagation in a PCW because
the wavelength was from 1.4 to 1.6 μm, but strongly coupled
cavity resonance occurs in between 1.45 and 1.55 μm.
Reasonably, wireless wavelength multiplexing and demultiplex-
ing were modulated within the single resonance peak and
transferred to another resonance peak, which demodulated
the multi-wavelength via cavity PCW coupling. As a result,
the newly coupled signals in receiver chip II were operated
independently from chip I.
According to the high optical power within a small-mode
volume, the intense optical power in the H1 cavity was strong
enough to induce the latent Kerr nonlinear properties of
Ta2 O5 (2.14 × 10−14 cm2 ∕W for TE polarization and 1.92 ×
10−14 cm2 ∕W for TM polarization) that generated the
Fig. 7. Relative amplitude of wireless optical wavelength (de)multi-
plexing. The peak-to-peak transfer between two chips at wavelengths
of (a) 1.45 μm, (b) 1.47 μm, (c) 1.49 μm, (d) 1.51 μm, (e) 1.53 μm,
and (f) 1.55 μm.
Research Article
wavelength detuning of the local cavity mode, self-phase modu-
lation, and crosstalk modulation of the lower wavelengths. The
very close range between antenna surfaces (∼0.73 to 3 μm)
results in a highly dispersive signal of every channeled wave-
length, as shown in Fig. 7. The highly dispersive signal of every
channeled wavelength results in all-optical self-phase modula-
tion within both the transmitting and receiving cavities due
to the high-intensity light-field components affecting the
nonlinear Kerr of Ta2 O5 [47]. The influence of nonlinear
transfiguration changes the refractive index of these dielectric
rods and the angular domain between two side lobes of trans-
mitter directivity. The change in these properties affected the
position of the transmitting antenna that has bearing on the
receiving antenna, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of
a higher-resonance frequency. However, this effect provided
some advantages for the proposed antenna structure to boost
the lower-frequency wireless signal by ∼70% of the relative am-
plitude, far beyond the limited range that a single resonance
wavelength can support.
Eventually, we investigated the wireless optical wavelength
(de)multiplexing efficiency when the transmitting cavity and
Fig. 8. (a) Shifted alignment between the emitter and receiver is
defined by the number of rods that moves out from the H1 PhC
of the emitter. (b) The relative amplitude of multi-resonance wave-
lengths within the same H1 PhC cavity at L
5.425 μm (7λ∕2)
when the receiving cavity is not in the same plane as the transmitting
cavity.
 Research Article
receiving cavity are not aligned in the same transmission axis.
For convenience, we determined that the two antenna surface
planes were always parallel to each other. The shifted length was
fixed by the number of rods (n) of the receiving cavity that
moved away from the emitter, as given in Fig. 8(a). The wave-
length at 1.55 μm had the best efficiency due to the r∕a ratio,
and rod height was mainly designed to support beam propaga-
tion within the 2D PCW. Moreover, the wavelength fit the
structure (1.53 and 1.55 μm) and was effective in the precise
position, which contrasted the inter-channel nonlinear cross-
talk wavelengths (1.45 and 1.47 μm), which were more potent
in their transfer to the shifted cavity, as illustrated in Fig. 8(b).
4. CONCLUSION
A wireless optical wavelength (de)multiplexing device based on
an H1 2D PhC resonant cavity was analyzed and simulated.
Optical wireless communication is formed by coupled reso-
nance, where cavity rods and defect rods generate an evanescent
field via the sensitivity of Ta2 O5 . When r∕a and r∕h
parameters tune in to the perfect condition, it causes multi-
wavelength resonance within the same cavity. According to
the results, the point-to-point oscillatory light-field exchange
between resonant cavities initiates effective far-field wireless
transmission beyond the 16 μm of two separated photonic-in-
tegrated circuits. It offers the advantage of optimized small-scale
multi-wavelength passive wireless link devices based on our de-
sign that can be applied in the various sensors in many photonic
chips and other complicated objectives, such as flow rate
detection of microsystems and optical beam confinement for
multi-wavelength metasurfaces in the near future.
Funding. Kasetsart University Research and Development
Institute (KURDI).
Acknowledgment. This work and Lumerical software
were financially supported by the Kasetsart University
Research and Development Institute (KURDI).
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