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Design and performance analysis of siloxanne based
single mode optical fiber for designated wavelength
windows
Kumar Harsh Vardhan
School of Information and Communication Technology,
Gautam Buddha University
Greater Noida- 201312, Uttar Pradesh, India
kharshv26@gmail.com
Abstract—The paper focuses on the designing,
characterization and performance analysis of the
designed single mode polymer optical waveguide
at SOI compatible wavelengths or compatible
wavelength windows. The characteristics of the
Silicon polymer, SILOXANNE, are calculated by
taking IEEE standards as the benchmark. The
waveguide was designed in the form of an optical
fiber whose core’s width is 4.15 micro-meter and
cladding’s width is 58.35 micro-meter. The
wavelengths for which the fiber is tested are 1310
nm and 1550 nm. Propagation losses, cutoff and
dispersion loss are calculated. The core’s and
cladding’s refractive index being 1.507 and 1.491
respectively. Propagation losses calculated for
1310 nm and 1550 nm are 0.32 dB/km and 0.19
dB/km respectively.
Keywords—Siloxanne; Single mode fiber; style; propagation
characterstics; transmission windows;
I. INTRODUCTION
Interconnects are one of the biggest and most generally
utilized zones for fiber optic links and systems. An
interconnect is characterized as the physical association of at
least two apparatuses through which communication is
conceivable. Optical interconnect is a method for
communication by optical links. Contrasted with customary
links, optical strands are fit for a significantly higher transfer
speed, from 10 Gbit/s up to 100 Gbit/s [1].
With the creation of laser in 1960‟s, scientist gets imaginative
thought to build up the optical framework for information
transmission. At that point, glass fiber turned into the favored
medium for information transmission of light. Utilizing glass
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Priyanka Goyal
School of Information and Communication Technology
Gautam Buddha University
Greater Noida- 201312, Uttar Pradesh, India
pri_2288@yahoo.co.in
fiber, the losses due to coaxial link is reduced. Yet, first gen
glass fiber had losses around 1000 dB/km. At that point,
innovation of corning glass made a multimode fiber with low
losses. The losses are under 20 dB/km [2-5].
At first in mid-1970’s, because of innovation impediment, the
optical fiber had a low loss window around 800 nm.
Researchers suggested that the semiconductor optical sources
are made of GaAs which radiated light at 800 nm [2-3].
Because of similarity of the medium properties and the
sources, the optical communication began in 800 nm band,
supposed the 'Main window'. As the glass decontamination
innovation enhanced, the genuine silica loss profile developed
in 1980’s. Researchers also concluded that the loss profile
demonstrates two low loss windows, one around 1300 nm and
other around 1550 nm [4]. In 1980’s the optical
communication moved to 1300 nm band, alleged the 'Second
Window'. This window is appealing as it can improve the
most astounding information rate because of least scattering.
In 1990’s the communication was moved to 1550 nm window,
purported 'Third Window' because of innovation of the
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). The EDFA can
enhance light just in a tight band around 1550nm.
Additionally, this window has naturally most minimal loss of
around 0.2 dB/Km. Therefore, to design our optical fiber,
wavelength windows 1310 nm and 1550 nm are selected. To
design an optical interconnect two commercially available
softwares and material are used. To prepare the basic design of
the core and the cladding of the optical fiber, Opti-Fiber was
used. Detailed analysis of the design, material used, device
structure etc has been done below.
II. DESIGN STRUCTUE
Optical fiber consists of a core and cladding and both of these
segments are heavily dependent on the width, refractive index,
refractive index contrast, doping etc. The flexibility of
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adjusting all the aforementioned parameters was provided by

the so software of Optiwave i.e. Opti-Fiber.
The fiber was designed according to the need of creating a
single mode fiber. The width of the core and the cladding, as
depicted in fig 1, are 4 micro meter and 56 micro meter
respectively. The refractive index of the material, as in fig 1,
was adjusted to be 1.452. More importantly, the refractive
index contrast was reduced to 0.35% which was done with the
help of alterations in the material and levels of doping, as
depicted in fig 2. Table I gives a clear display of parameters
used and varied in the process.

Table-I Classification of various parameters

S.NO NAME OF THE NUMERICAL

PARAMETER VALUE Fig-1: Fiber profile in Opti-Fiber
1 Refractive index of core 1.452

2 Refractive index of 1.447

cladding
3 Refractive index 0.35 %
contrast

4 Doping material 1 Germanium

5 Doping material 2 Tellurium

6 Doping material 1 3.1 %

concentration
7 Doping material 2 1%
concentration

8 Wavelength 1 1310 nm
Fig-2: Material and doping concentration
9 Wavelength 2 1550 nm

III. RESULTS
1) Modes for which the results will be calculated (1310 nm)

x LP(0,1) 1.5037144
x LP(0,2) 1.4919839
x LP(1,1) 1.4469019
x LP(2,1) 1.4932530

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Fig-3: Modal field for 1310 nm

Fig-5: Dispersion over material for 1310 nm
Modal field depicts the energy distribution per unit area in the
optical fiber. The various circles depicts the energy As fig 5 suggests, the dispersion over material was calculated
concentration in the respective mode. As fig 3 depicts, the for the wavelength of 1310 nm and was found out to be -11
concentration of energy is maximum for the fundamental ps/km.nm.
mode and starts spreading as we traverse away from the
fundamental, single mode, mode. This is calculated for 1310
nm.

Fig-6: Total dispersion for 1310 nm

As fig 6 suggests, the total dispersion was calculated for the

Fig-4: Propagation loss for 1310 nm wavelength of 1310 nm and was found out to be -6.3
ps/km.nm.
As fig 4 suggests, the propagation loss was calculated using
the software “Opti-Fiber” and was found out to be 0.331
dB/km at the designated wavelength of 1310 nm.

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Fig-9: Propagation loss for 1550 nm

Fig-7: Bending loss for 1310 nm As fig 9 suggests, the propagation loss was calculated for
wavelength 1550 nm and was found out to be 0.198 dB/km.
Fig 7 suggests that the bending loss was calculated for the This was calculated for 1550 nm.
1310 nm and was found to be negligible (0.0003 dB/km)
because the fiber was aligned straight and any sort of bends
are avoided.

2) Modes for which the results will be calculated (1550 nm)

x LP(0,1) 1.5028906
x LP(1,1) 1.4969413

Fig-10: Dispersion over material for 1550 nm

As fig 10 suggests, the dispersion over material was calculated

for the wavelength 1550 nm and was found out to be 11.98
ps/km.nm.

Fig-8: Mode field for 1550 nm

Modal field depicts the energy distribution per unit area in the
optical fiber. The various circles depicts the energy
concentration in the respective mode. As fig 8 depicts, the
concentration of energy is maximum for the fundamental
mode and starts spreading as we traverse away from the
fundamental, single mode, mode. This is calculated for 1550
nm. Fig 8 is also a measure of the spectral width of the wave
diagram at the particular wavelength window. The spectral
width can be measured on the z-axis.

Fig-11: Total dispersion for 1550 nm

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Table 2 and table 3 suggests the values which are obtained by

As fig 11 suggests, the total dispersion was calculated and was
found out to be 15.18 ps/km.nm.
simulating a SMF-28, and the standards prescribed by ITU-T
or by IEEE [6]. These values are simulated for 1310 nm and
1550 nm.
The numeric results which we have obtained are well with-in
the limits prescribed by the standards. Also, all the results
have been calculated for the fundamental mode because the
energy capitalization is maximized for the fundamental mode
of each wavelength window. Considering the history of
attenuation which ranged from 100 dB/km to 1.8 dB/km is
1970’s, we have attained a value which is far superior. Loss
for the wavelength window of 1550 nm is lower when
compared to the 1310 nm window. Still there always remains
a dilemma while choosing the wavelength windows as
dispersion is minimized near 1356 nm, which is called the
zero dispersion window.
V. CONCLUSION

The single mode fiber’s, SMF-28, simulation was successful

Fig-12: Bending loss for 1550 nm and the results are recorded as they have been stated. The fiber
was simulated for 1310 nm and 1550 nm. To extend the
As fig 12 suggests, the bending loss for the wavelength 1550 research’s scope, few other parameters like bending loss,
nm was calculated and was found out to be negligible dispersion over material and total dispersion are calculated.
(0.00043 dB/km) because of the fiber was aligned straight The modal field depicted for 1310 nm and 1550 nm are rightly
and any sort of bends are avoided. recorded. It states that the energy distribution is concentrated
towards the center, i.e. towards the fundamental mode. The
energy distribution circle shows that the concentration of
IV. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS energy reduces as we traverse away from the fundamental
The results obtained by testing the single mode fiber made of mode.
Siloxanne and its comparison is listed below in the table. All The values recorded also suggested that the fiber designed is
the values are calculated for 1310 nm window. good for long network of transmission at 1550 nm because of
the low propagation loss and higher cutoff value. The prior
Table-II Specifications for 1310 nm window, 1310 nm, is closest to the theoretical value of zero
dispersion fiber, i.e. 1313 nm. Zero dispersion according to
S.N CHARACTE RESULTS STANDA our values occurred at 1356.
O RISTIC RDS[6]
1 Propagation 0.331 dB/km 0.3- 0.5
loss VI. REFERENCES
2 Dispersion -6.3 ps/km.nm 0.2
3 Bending loss 0.0003 dB/km 0 1. Ray T. Chen, Huey Lu, Daniel Robinson, Michael
Wang, Gajendra Savant and Tomasz Jannson,
Table-III Specifications for 1550 nm “Guided wave planar optical interconnect using
highly multiplexed polymer waveguide”, Journal of
S.N CHARACTER RESULTS STANDARDS Lightwave Technology vol. 10, 1992.
O ISTIC [6] 2. Sang Liu, Gaoyang Mi, Fei Yan, Chunming Wang,
1 Propagation 0.198 0.17- 0.4 Ping Jiang , “Correlation of high power laser welding
loss dB/km parameters with real weld geometry and
2 Dispersion 15.18 17.5 microstructure.”, Elsevier, 2009.
ps/kn.nm 3. Parikh Meera J. Prof. Gharge Anuradha P, “A Survey
3 Bending loss 0.00043 0 Paper of Optical Fiber Sensor,”,
dB/km International Journal on Recent and Innovation
Trends in Computing and Communication, ISSN:
2321-8169, vol. 2, Jan 2014.

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4. Jun He, Robert A. Norwood, Maïté Brandt-Pearce,

Ivan B. Djordjevic, Milorad Cvijetic,
Suresh Subramaniam, Roland Himmelhuber, Carolyn
Reynolds, Pierre BlancheBrittany Lynn, Nasser
Peyghambarian, “A survey on recent advances in
optical communication.”, Elsevier, 2013.
5. Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar, Dept. of Electrical
Engineering, “Fiber Optics”, IIT Bombay.
6. Corning SMF-28 Optical fiber, Product Information.

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