ROLES OF GHANA ARMY 4.

OP HALT II - Bundase lands protection

1. Defence of Ghana against external aggression. 5. OP BOAFO - Op to aid during disaster management
2. Assistance to the civil authority in the management of national disasters and 6. OP GONGONG - IS/COIN
emergencies. 7. OP SIT DOWN LOOK - Op against smuggling at our borders
3. Assistance to civil authority in the maintenance of law and order. 8. OP ROAD STAR - Op for construction of roads
5. Contribution of tps for international, regional and sub - regional PSO, as may be 9. OP FLYOVER - Ops at Adomi Bridge to check over weight vehicle
directed. 10. OP COW LEG - Op to drive away the Fulani people
6. Contribution of troops in response to treaty or alliance obligations, as may be 11. OP SAFE - Ops to provide security at Bank of Ghana
directed. 12. OP MERCURY - Ops to provide security at GBC
7. Protection of the Presidency. 13. OP JUBILEE - Ops to protect the oil fields
8. Participation in Search and Rescue (SAR) operations alone or in conjunction with 14. OP AHODWO - Joint mil/pol op to ensure peace and order in the various AOR
the Navy, Air Force and other para-statal organizations. 15. OP HUNTER - Op to check illegal lumbering
9. Organizing and participation in military ceremonies both in Ghana and other 16. OP PEACE TRAIL - Election duties
neighboring countries. 17. OP VANGUARD - Illegal mining
10. Train and prepare troops for ground operations both in Ghana and in an 18. OP COVID SAFETY - COVID 19 related ops
international theatre. 19. OP MOTHERLAND - Ops against “Western Togoland” seccessionist
20. OP OASIS - Water bodies protection duties (Bui Dam / Weija)
POTENTIAL THREATS OF THE GHANA ARMY External
1. Mass migration and refugees. 1. UNMIL - United Nations Mission in Liberia
2. Use of country’s border areas by nationals of neighbouring countries as safe - 2. MINUSMA - UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali
haven for rebel activities against their own governments and possible harassment of 3. UNMISS - UN Mission in South Sudan
Ghanaians along border areas. 4. UNIFIL - United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
3. Social upheavals resulting from tribal/ethnic conflicts, unstable and uncontrollable 5. MONUSCO - UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DR Congo.
internal security situations such as armed robberies, drug trafficking, proliferation of 6. UNOCI - United Nations Mission in La Cote D’Ivoire
small arms and light weapons etc. 7. MILOBS - United Nations Military Observer Missions
4. International Terrorism in view of Western interest and investment in the country.
5. Conflict over ownership and location of in-land or on-shore oil fields with UNIT NUMBERS: 26 - Armed Forces Fire Service, 37 - 37 Mil Hosp, 38 - KSI Mil
neighbouring countries especially where land borders are not clearly defined. Hosp, 40 - ARMY HQ Camp, 41 – GHQ, 48 - 48 Engineers, 49 - 49 Engineers, 54 -
6. Political agitations as a result of Labour/Student unrests, negative media reportage, Recce Regt, 55 - 1 BN, 56 - 2 BN, 57 - 3 BN, 58 - 4 BN, 59 - 2RECCE SQ, 60 - 5
Military Interventions and negative propaganda. BN, 61 - 6 BN, 64 - 64 Inf Bn, 66 – Artillery, 69 – ABF, 71 - 2 MT COY, 72 - DEF
7. Economic threats and/or instability resulting from Intra State disputes over the MT, 77 – GMP, 81 - Southern Comd, 87 - Central Comd, 93 - Northern Comd.
sharing of benefits from natural resources such as oil /gold/ diamond/timber and /or
arising out of criminal activities such as, sabotage of oil fields/pipelines/mines etc. THE NEED FOR RESTRUCTURING COMMANDS
8. Natural disasters such as floods, wild fires, drought, severe thunderstorms, The present structure of the Inf Bn presents very few opportunities for career
mudslides, earthquakes and sea erosion with devastating effects and hardships on the advancement, by way of promotions. Additionally, it has not taken care of the
populace. technological improvement in the tools and eqpt currently in use (computers and
9. External aggression. weapons), which has called for the corresponding improvement in the skills, abilities
10. Regional/Sub-regional instability and potential spill-over effects. and gen quality of the human resource in the Inf Bn and the Army as a whole.
In more concrete terms, the fol are about the main reasons for the restructuring:
INF BATTALION 1. The elevation of the ranks of the “CSM” and PL SGT” from WOII and SGT to
Primary Role of Infantry. To close in with en and force him to surrender by the WOI and WOII, respectively.
skillful use of fire and manoeuvre by day or night in any terrain and weather. 2. The need for a separate “RECONNAISSANCE (RECCE) PLATOON” for each Inf
The infantry must be capable of deployment in the following types of situation: Bn. Their responsibilities will incl recce and harbouring of new locs for the Bn,
1. Limited/General War. join/provide protection for the CO on his recces and, on det to Inf Coys, provide
2. Internal Security Operations (IS) similar Svcs for the Coys.
3. Peacekeeping Operations (PKO). 3. The need for a separate “ANTI-TANK PLATOON” in the SP Coy, with heavier
4. Counter-revolutionary Warfare (COIN) and superior A-TK wpns, like 106mm RCL and A-TK missiles, to enable the Bn
Main Task of Infantry: Close quarter combat by day and night, Sy gd needed for obs, conduct its tasks more effectively and efficiently.
wpn posns and a base for manoeuvre, Close protection of Armour and Recce, surv 4. The need for an addl “SECTION” for the “ASSAULT PIONEER PLATOON” to
and offensive patrolling by day and night in all conditions of visibility. enable the Pl provide First Line Engr Sp to all the three Rfl Coys and still maint a res,
Core Functions of Infantry: Find, Fix, Strike and Exploit like the other Pls in Sp Coy.
5. The intro of 2 x 60mm Mor (Sect) as integral indirect sp wpns in each Rfl Coy, an
Characteristics of Infantry addl LMG for each Rfl Sect and RPG for each Rfl Sect all aimed at improving on the
1. Flexibility. Inf can operate as a whole unit or as four separate sub-units on ltd tasks fire power of the Inf Bn.
for ltd period. Inf capable of carrying out assault by itself, provide cbt and admin sp 6. The adoption of the “RIFLED” 81mm Mors (Longer Range) for the Mor Pl and
all by itself. HMGs (50 BROWNING HMG) for the MG Pl, all aimed at future improvement on
2. Mobility. Inf bn are able to manoeuvre, go places and fight where other arms the Bn’s fire power.
cannot go. It can move and operate on ground impassable to vehs, can scale over
obstacles and conceal itself. AIRFORCE
3. Versatility. Inf capable of performing different roles at short notice. Inf can attack,
defend, wdr, fight in jungle, sp civ pol to maint law and order and keep the peace. Aircraft Role
4. Communication. Usage of portable radios at various levels of command FOKKER F-28 VIP/VVIP Tpt
5. Fire Power. Can use small arms, anti-tank wpns and mor. FALCON 900 EX-EASY Med Range Tpt/Medevac/Casevac
6. Vulnerability. Inf moving on foot is vulnerable to all manner of wpns. FOKKER F-27 Parachute/Cargo
CASA C295 MPP Med Range
DIAMOND DA-42 Tpt/Medevac/Casevac/Parachute/Cargo/Surveillance
Types of Infantry
DEFENDER BN-2T Trainer/Surveillance
1. Air-mobile Bns: Relies on helicopters for mov and conduct of its ops and lightly
L39 ALBATROS Adv Trainer
armed.
AERMACCHI MB339A Adv Trainer
2. Air Portable/Light Bns: Lightly armed and conduct ops mainly on foot.
AERMACCHI MB326K FGA
3. Mechanized Bns: Relies on APC, Enjoys tactical mobility and Considerable fire
KARAKORAM K-8 FGA
power.
ALLOUETTE FGA/Adv Trainer
4. Motorised Bns: Relies on soft skin vehicles like TCV and have enough vehicles to
AGUSTA BELL 412 Gunship
mov whole bn and their eqpt.
AGUSTA 109 Gunship/Medevac/Casevac
5. Parachute Bns: Limited vehicles, relies on parachutes, transport aircraft, airborne
MI-17 V5 Gunship/Medevac/Casevac
assault ops, seize important facilities and offensive ops in depth.
Tpt/Medevac/Casevac/Fire Fighting
LIMITATIONS OF INF
Types of Aircrafts available in the Ghana Air Force
Climate and terrain, mobility, vulnerability, intelligence collection, firepower, low
No.1 Squadron. Diamond, Skyvans/Skyliner and Defenders. These are STOL Light
speed and lack of protection.
Transport Support Aircraft.
Roles: Maritime Patrol, Visual Recce, Casualty/Medical Evacuation, Communications
INF BN WPNS
and Liaison, Tactical Transport Support and Civil assistance flights.
Srl Weapon Max Range Ammo Type Rate of Fire No. 2 Squadron. Fokker 27, CASSA. This is a Medium Transport Support aircraft.
1. Grenade 80 (WP) 25 – 35m Roles: Visual Recce/Patrols, Casualty/Medical Evacuation, Tactical Transport
2. Grenade L2A2 25 – 35m Support, Communications and Liaison and Civil assistance flights.
3. Pistol TT 50 m 7.62mm Rus 8 rpm
4. SMG 200 m 9 mm NATO Burst/Single Shots No. 3 Squadron. Operates mainly helicopters. These are: MI 171 SH, MI 17 V5 -
5. G3 Rifle 400 m 7.62mm NATO 500 – 600 rpm Medium Utility Tactical Transport Heli, Z9 - Light Utility Tactical Transport Heli and
6. GPMG (Li Role) 800 m 7.62mm NATO 100 rpm Alouette 111 / Agusta 109 / Agusta Bell 412 / MI 2.
7. Li Sp Wpn 800 m 5.56 mm NATO 90 rpm Roles: Helicopter Support Operations, Recce, Tactical Transport Support, Casualty
8. GPMG (SF) 1,800 m 7.62mm NATO 200 rpm and Medical Evacuation, Civil assistance flights and VIP flights.
9. Carl Gustav MAW 2,100m (illum) 84 mm 4 rpm
10. MG3 4000 m 7.62mm NATO 1,300 rpm
11. 81 mm Mor 5,650 m 81 mm 12 rpm

Army Operations
Internal
1. OP CALM LIFE - Op against armed robbery and internal security
2. OP CITADEL - Op for security of C-in-C
3. OP HALT I - Op against illegal chain saw ops
No. 4 Squadron. K8, Macchi MB-236K and MB 339A. These are FGAs.
Roles: Offensive and Defensive Air Support, Operational Conversion, Photo/Armed
Recce, Border Patrols and Show of Flag.
Communications Squadron. Fokker F28, and Gulfstream G3 (Falcon). This is a
transport squadron
Roles: VIP/VVIP flights, Medium/Long Range Transport Support, Maritime/Visual
Recce and Patrols, Communication and Liaison, civil assistance flights.
PEACE TIME ROLES – AIR FORCE
Fun trips/Flight, Aerial Recce and Photographs, Rescue and Relief Ops, Medivac
(Aero-Medical), Electoral Duties, Psy Ops, Power Line Insp, Airspace Monitoring,
Show of Force, Tpt (VIP & Commercial), Communication, Ceremonial Display,
Crowd dispersal.
Aerial Reconnaissance and Photography. Ghana Air Force helicopters provide
assistance to various organizations such as the mining companies, the Volta River
Authority, the Ghana Civil Aviation Authority, Ghana Television, the Survey
Department, Ministries of Agric, Health, and Interior in the area of reconnaissance
and aerial photography.
Aero-Medical Evacuation. The Ghana Air Force is involved in the evacuation of
various categories of casualties during disasters and in emergencies. This covers both
military and civilian cases. The Air Force has an effective system of collaboration
with the Ministry of Health and the national disaster management organization to
carry out these tasks during times of disaster.
Electoral Duties. In support of our fledgling democracy, the Ghana Air Force
transports personnel and election logistics for the Electoral Commission during
elections.
VVIP/VIP Flights. The Ghana Air Force also continues to provide VVIP/VIP flights
as required by government.
Bullion Duties. Gold mining companies in the country depend on the Ghana Air Force
for airlift of their bullion from the mining centers to Accra for shipment abroad.
Fisheries Protection. In support of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ghana Air Force
occasionally conducts aerial surveillance in conjunction with the Ghana Navy for
fisheries protection in Ghana’s Exclusive Economic Zone.
Search and Rescue Operation. The Air force play an invaluable role in various forms
of search and rescue operations during disasters such as the rescue of floods victims,
the recovery and evacuation of victims of aircraft and motor vehicle accidents for
medical attention and the rescue of fishermen and others all forms of distressed at sea.
Power Lines Inspection. Conduct power line inspections is for Volta River Authority.
This is the main agency that provides electric power to the country and has hundreds
of kilometers of power cable crisscrossing the length and breadth of the country. The
Ghana Air Force provides assistance for the inspections in areas which are
inaccessible by road and which therefore can be reached only by helicopter.
ENGINEER WARTIME ROLES
1. MOBILITY: Countermine (Detection, Reduction, Clearance), Counter obstacle
(Demolition, Constructed, Improvised obstacles), Gap Crossing (Assault bridging,
LOC bridging), Constr and maint of cbt rds and trails, Reinforcing of existing rds and
brs, Route Reconnaissance.
2. COUNTER MOBILITY: Tactical obstacles, Mine systems (Scatterable,
Conventional), Route denial, Denial of airfds, runways, DZs and LZs.
3. SURVIVABILITY: Fighting Positions (Vehicle, Individual), Protective Positions
(Vehicle, Individual), Camouflage and concealment, Deception, Fortifications and
provision of shelters along the final defensive line.
4. GENERAL ENGINEERING SUPPORT: Construction and Repair (Roads, Bridges,
MSRs, Airfields), Logistic facility sp, Base construction, Electricity Supply,
Pipelines, Well drilling, Ammo and Pol dumps, Damage assessment, Refugee/DP
camps, Base Camps, EPW cages.
5. TOPOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING: Evaluation of cover and concealment, Terrain
analysis, Map production, Terrain overlays.
6. GEOSPATIAL.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGR: Flexibility, Mobility, Reliance on equip/stores,
Skill.
LIMITATIONS OF ENGR: Vulnerability, Night work, Organic Resources,
Maintenance and Rest Time, No support weapons / augment (Atk wpns / MMG /
Mortars / Air Support / Arty/Mor Support), Back loading of eqpt.
PRINCIPLES OF EMPLOYMENT OF ENGRS: Centralized Cordination
Decentralized Execution, Command States, Task Organisation, Allocation of
Priorities, Early Warning and Reconnaissance, Logistics Support, Communication,
Continuity.
PEACE TIME ROLES: Disaster mgt, IS-COIN ops, Road Const, Estate Dev,
Opening up rural areas e.g. Afram Plains and Sefwi Wiawso rd constr projects,
Bridge Constr, Rural Water Supply e.g. Borehole drilling, Constr/Maint of airstrip
e.g. Wa Airstrip, Constr/Repair of public buildings, International border
demarcation/survey e.g. Western Region and La Cote D’Ivoire Border demarcation,
Provision of temporary housing during relief/resettlement ops, Bulk petroleum
distribution/handling, Disaster relief and rescue operations.

WAR TIME ROLES – AIR FORCE

Fix and Destroy Ops, Air Defense, Communication, Comd Post Duties, Attack Ops,
Diversionary Ops, Intimate Fire Sp Ops, Insertion Ops, Preparatory Bombardment,
Air Drop C-Sups, Para Drop Personnel, Air Def Suppression, Flank Protection.

Diversionary Ops. The act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from the
point of the principal operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that diverts attention.
Air Strike. An attack on specific objectives by fighter, bomber, or attack aircraft on an
offensive mission. It may consist of several air organizations under a single command
in the air.
Para drop Personnel/Materiel. The unloading of personnel or materiel from aircraft in
flight.
Air Defence Suppression. In air operations, actions taken to degrade fixed and mobile
surface based components of enemy air defence systems so that offensive air forces
may effectively attack a target.
Air Defence. All defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or
missiles in the Earth's envelope of atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the
effectiveness of such attack.
Psychological Operations. Planned operations to convey selected information and
indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective
reasoning, and ultimately the behaviour of foreign governments, organizations,
groups, and individuals. The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or
reinforce foreign attitudes and behaviour favourable to the originator's objectives.

THE DEFENCE STAFF COMMITTEE:

a. The Chief of Defence Staff. - Chairman.
b. The Army Chief of Staff - Member.
c. The Chief of Naval Staff - Member.
d. The Chief Air Staff - Member.
e. The Chief of Staff - Secretary.

ARMED FORCES COUNCIL: Veep, MoD, Min of Interior, Min of Foreign Affairs,
CDS, Service Comds, SWO, 2 persons appointed by the president.

Barracks Names (Old)

MATS - Whistler Barracks
48 EN - Wajir Barracks
Southern Comd - Kpeshie Barracks
Northern Comd - Iddris Barracks
64 Inf Bn - Gondar Barracks
5 Bn - Arakan Barracks
1 Bn - Mitchel Camp
2 Bn - Myyoung Barracks
3 Bn - Liberation Barracks
4 Bn - Uaddara Barracks
6 Bn - Kamina Barracks
ABF - Bawa Barracks
GAFCSC - Otu Barracks
66 Artillery - Volta Barracks
11 Mech - Aggrey Barracks
10 Mech - Abilba Barracks