● Economic Growth

and Development
Economic growth refers to the increase in the
production of goods and services over time, resulting in
higher income levels. It is typically measured by the
change in a country's gross domestic product (GDP) or
GDP per capita. While economic growth has lifted
millions out of poverty worldwide, it has also created
significant environmental and social challenges that
threaten long-term sustainability.

Development, on the other hand, is a multidimensional

concept that encompasses not only economic progress
but also improvements in areas such as health,
education, living standards, gender equality, and
environmental protection. Sustainable development
aims to meet the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.
 ● Characteristics of
Third World
Countries
Third world countries, also known as developing
or less economically developed countries
(LEDCs), share certain common characteristics.
These include:

1. Low income levels: Most third world countries

have low per capita incomes, often below the
global poverty line of $1.90 per day (World
Bank, 2022).

2. High population growth rates: Many

developing countries have high birth rates,
leading to rapid population growth that strains
resources and hinders economic progress
(United Nations, 2019).
3. Reliance on agriculture and primary
industries: A significant portion of the
workforce in third world countries is
employed in agriculture, mining, and other
primary industries, which are often
characterized by low productivity and low
wages (World Bank, 2020).

4. Low levels of industrialization: Third

world countries typically have a small
industrial base, with limited manufacturing
and technological capabilities (United
Nations Industrial Development
Organization, 2022).

5. High levels of poverty and income

inequality: Poverty and unequal
distribution of wealth are prevalent in
many developing countries, hindering
economic and social progress (World
Bank, 2020).
 ● Sustainable
Development
Goals (SDGs)
Here is a brief explanation of the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) along with references:

The 17 SDGs were adopted by the United Nations

in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. They are a universal call to action to
end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure
prosperity for all. The 17 goals are:

1. No Poverty - End poverty in all its forms

everywhere (UN, 2015).

2. Zero Hunger - End hunger, achieve food security,

improve nutrition and promote sustainable
3. Good Health and Well-Being - Ensure
healthy lives and promote well-being for all
at all ages (UN, 2015).

4. Quality Education - Ensure inclusive and

equitable quality education and promote
lifelong learning opportunities for all (UN,
2015).

5. Gender Equality - Achieve gender

equality and empower all women and girls
(UN, 2015).

6. Clean Water and Sanitation - Ensure

availability and sustainable management of
water and sanitation for all (UN, 2015).

7. Affordable and Clean Energy - Ensure

access to affordable, reliable, sustainable
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth -
Promote sustained, inclusive and
sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work
for all (UN, 2015).

9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

- Build resilient infrastructure, promote
inclusive and sustainable industrialization
and foster innovation (UN, 2015).

10. Reduced Inequalities - Reduce

inequality within and among countries
(UN, 2015).

11. Sustainable Cities and Communities -

Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
(UN, 2015).
12. Responsible Consumption and
Production - Ensure sustainable
consumption and production patterns
(UN, 2015).

13. Climate Action - Take urgent action

to combat climate change and its
impacts (UN, 2015).

14. Life Below Water - Conserve and

sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marine resources for sustainable
development (UN, 2015).

15. Life on Land - Protect, restore and

promote sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably manage
forests, combat desertification, halt and
reverse land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss (UN, 2015).
16. Peace, Justice and Strong
Institutions - Promote peaceful and
inclusive societies for sustainable
development, provide access to justice
for all and build effective, accountable
and inclusive institutions at all levels
(UN, 2015).

17. Partnerships for the Goals -

Strengthen the means of
implementation and revitalize the
global partnership for sustainable
development (UN, 2015).

The SDGs call for concerted efforts by

all countries to promote prosperity
while protecting the environment. They
recognize that ending poverty and
inequality, improving health and
education, spurring economic growth,
and tackling climate change are
● Integrating SDGs into
National Policies for
Bangladesh's Economic
Development
Bangladesh, a densely populated country in South
Asia, has made significant strides in economic
growth and development in recent decades.
However, the country still faces numerous
challenges, including poverty, inequality, and
environmental degradation. To address these issues
and promote sustainable development, Bangladesh
has integrated the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) into its national policies
and strategies.

The SDGs, adopted by the United Nations in 2015,

provide a comprehensive framework for addressing
global challenges related to poverty, education,
health, inequality, climate change, and environmental
protection.
References
World Bank. (2020). World Development Indicators 2020.
Washington, DC: The World Bank.

World Bank. (2022). Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022:

Reversing Setbacks to Poverty Reduction. Washington, DC: The
World Bank.

World Economic Forum. (2019). The Global Competitiveness

Report 2019. Geneva: World Economic Forum.

World Food Programme. (2021). Bangladesh Country Strategic

Plan (2022–2026). World Food Programme.

United Nations (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda

for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda

United Nations (2022). The 17 Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/

 From proverty to prosperity : Aligning
Economic Growth with Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGS)
Outline

What is Economic Growth

What is Development

Characteristics of third world country

How SDGs integrated into national politics for the

economic development of Bangladesh