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c5 Chemical Changes Exam Qs
c5 Chemical Changes Exam Qs
Date: ________________________
Comments:
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Effect on
Name of acid Ions produced in
Type pH Universal
or alkali solution
Indicator
Hydrochloric Strong
H+ CI – 1 Goes red
acid acid
Sodium Strong
Na+ OH – 13 Goes purple
hydroxide alkali
Use the information in the table to help you answer parts (a) and (b).
(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentences.
Cl–
OH–
(1)
H+
OH–
(1)
Describe how the results would show that ethanoic acid is a weaker acid than
hydrochloric acid.
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(2)
(c) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete this sentence.
completel
y
partially
(1)
(d) The diagram shows the apparatus used to find the volume of hydrochloric acid that
reacts with 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.
(1)
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(ii) Use the correct word from the box to complete the sentence.
(1)
The method used to find the volume of acid that reacts with a known volume
of alkali is called....................................................................................
(1)
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q2. A solution of Y was slowly added to a solution of X. The graph shows how the pH of
the resulting solution changed.
(a) (i) What was the pH of solution X before any of solution Y was added?
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...........................................................................................................................
(1)
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(1)
(iii) What volume of solution Y was needed to react with all of the substance in
solution X?
.................................................................................................................... cm 3
(1)
(b) The chemical equation shows the reaction between an acid and an alkali to form a
salt and water.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q3. The diagrams show what happens when an acid is added to an alkali.
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(a) What is present in the flask at stage 2, besides universal indicator and water?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Write an ionic equation to show how water is formed in this reaction and state the
sources of the ions.
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(3)
(Total 4 marks)
Q4. (i) Which acid from the list should the student add to sodium hydroxide solution to
make sodium sulphate?
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(1)
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(ii) When the acid was added to the alkali the beaker became warm.
Name the type of reaction that releases heat.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Use the Data Sheet to help you to write the formula of sodium sulphate.
Formula: .....................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q5. Powdered magnesium oxide was added in 0.1 g amounts to 25 cm3 of dilute
hydrochloric acid and the mixture stirred. The powder soon reacted and disappeared, but
after about 1.0 g had been added it took some time for all the solid to react. When a total
of 1.1 g of powder had been added, some of the magnesium oxide remained at the
bottom of the flask.
(a) On the following axes draw a sketch graph to show how the pH of the liquid is likely
to change during the experiment described above. Start the graph with the pH of the
acid before any magnesium oxide is added.
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(3)
(b) A second experiment was done using magnesium oxide from the same bottle with
25 cm3 of the same hydrochloric acid.
There is no catalyst for this reaction. Suggest two ways in which the rate of this
reaction could have been speeded up.
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(2)
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(1)
(ii) Complete the ionic equation for the reaction between hydrogen ions and oxide
ions.
(iii) The experiment was repeated, but 25 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid was used
instead of hydrochloric acid.
The concentration of the sulphuric acid was the same as the hydrochloric acid
(0.1 M).
Why was twice as much magnesium oxide needed to neutralise the sulphuric
acid completely?
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)
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An aqueous solution of copper sulfate can be made by reacting copper oxide (CuO) with
an acid.
(ii) Write a balanced symbol equation, including state symbols, for this reaction.
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(2)
(b) Copper oxide reacts much faster with acid at 40 °C than at 20 °C.
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q7. When a solution of lead nitrate is added to a solution of sodium chloride, a white
precipitate of lead chloride is produced.
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Complete and balance the equation for this precipitation reaction.
Pb+2(aq) + Cl–(aq) →
(3)
(b) Complete the table below by writing in the name and formula of the precipitate
formed for each reaction. If there is no precipitate, write “no precipitate”.
(5)
(Total 9 marks)
Q8. In this question you will get marks on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms correctly.
Copper sulfate crystals can be made from copper oxide powder and dilute sulfuric acid.
Describe a method to make copper sulfate crystals from copper oxide and dilute sulfuric
acid.
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For the method you should include:
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(Total 6 marks)
Q9.A student investigated the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
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(a) Give two observations the student could make during the reaction.
1 ......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
The student investigated how the rate of this reaction changed when the
concentration of hydrochloric acid was changed.
• describe how you would carry out the investigation and make it a fair test
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(6)
(Total 8 marks)
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(1)
(ii) Name the two sub-atomic particles in the nucleus of an aluminium atom.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
The reaction of aluminium with iron oxide is used to produce molten iron.
(1)
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
(ii) Name the salt produced if sodium carbonate reacts with dilute nitric acid.
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(1)
(Total 2 marks)
Q12. Explain, in terms of ions and molecules, what happens when any acid reacts with
any alkali.
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(Total 3 marks)
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Q13.This question is about magnesium.
Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence.
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The particles with the smallest relative mass that move around the nucleus are
called ..................
Atoms of magnesium are neutral because they contain the same number of
electrons
and ..................
(3)
(1)
(b) Magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid react to produce magnesium chloride
solution and hydrogen.
(i) State two observations that could be made during the reaction.
1 ............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
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(2)
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(ii) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising
information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
In your method you should name the apparatus you will use.
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(6)
(Total 12 marks)
Figure 1
The student’s teacher said that this was because the substances in the flask did not
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react.
(i) Suggest why the substances in the flask did not react.
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(1)
(ii) Which two substances could the student have put in the flask to produce
hydrogen safely?
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(1)
Figure 2 shows the apparatus the student used to collect and measure the volume
of the hydrogen gas.
Figure 2
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) The student did the experiment four times. Her results are shown in the table below.
1 49
2 50
3 35
4 48
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(2)
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(iii) Give a reason why the experiment should be repeated several times.
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(1)
(d) A teacher collected two tubes full of hydrogen gas, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
She tested tube A with a lighted splint as soon as she took the bung out.
She tested tube B with a lighted splint a few seconds after taking the bung out.
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(i) Suggest why tube B gave a much louder pop than tube A.
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(1)
(ii) Complete and balance the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place
when the hydrogen reacts in this test.
H2 + O2
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Calcium chloride can be made by reacting dilute hydrochloric acid with either solid calcium
oxide or solid calcium carbonate.
(a) Name the type of reaction that takes place when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with
calcium oxide.
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with
calcium oxide.
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(2)
(c) A student added solid calcium oxide to dilute hydrochloric acid in a beaker.
The student added solid calcium carbonate to dilute hydrochloric acid in another
beaker.
Describe one difference between the two reactions that the student would see.
........................................................................................................................
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(1)
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(d) Describe how crystals of calcium chloride can be made from calcium carbonate and
dilute hydrochloric acid.
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(4)
(i) Describe what the student would see if the salt contained calcium ions.
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(2)
(ii) Why does the result you have described in part (e)(i) not prove that the salt
contains calcium ions?
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(1)
(iii) Describe an additional test the student could do that would prove the salt
contains calcium ions.
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(2)
(Total 13 marks)
The student added different metals to copper sulfate solution and measured the
temperature change.
The more reactive the metal is compared with copper, the bigger the temperature change.
Figure 1
(a) State three variables that the student must control to make his investigation a fair
test.
1 ......................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................
3 ......................................................................................................................
(3)
(b) Figure 2 shows the thermometer in one experiment before and after the student
added a metal to the copper sulfate solution.
Figure 2
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Table 1
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(3)
(c) The student repeated the experiment three times with each metal.
Table 2
Mean
Metal temperature
change in °C
Cobalt 4.5
Gold 0.0
Magnesium 10.0
Nickel 3.0
Silver 0.0
Tin 1.5
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Figure 3
(3)
(ii) Why is a line graph not a suitable way of showing the results?
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(1)
(iii) Use the results to work out which metal is the most reactive.
Reason ..................................................................................................
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(2)
(iv) Explain why there was no temperature change when silver metal was added to
the copper sulfate solution.
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(2)
(v) It is not possible to put all six metals in order of reactivity using these results.
Suggest how you could change the experiment to be able to put all six metals
into order of reactivity.
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(2)
(Total 16 marks)
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