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 WIN! Clarke Impact Wrench Worth £140
www.keymilitary.com
Closing Date: December 11, 2020

OCTOBER 2020 £4.99

Issue
189

ISSUE 233
RAF Rarity  Restored 1965
Bedford RL ‘Mine Cab’
 ONE OF ONLY THREE
known to survive

New
Travel feature

cy Jeep on the Cheap

Destinatio n Lincoln
role in World War One
City played key
Military Lesga
of Ferdinand Porsche
g the replica route
Historian on goin
The war machine
Catawiki.indd 1 28/02/2019 16:25:48
www.keymilitary.com
Big Challenges,
New Opportunities
The Tank Memorial in Lincoln. For more, see page 21.
The coronavirus has thrown
up plenty of challenges for
our magazine this year,
especially in how we source
content. For one thing, the
closure of museums saw a
drastic decline in the number
of Museum of the Month
articles being submitted to
the point where we did not
have anything for this month.
Challenges often present
new opportunities though,
and we have decided to
remodel the page into a
‘destination’ feature, starting
with a trip to Lincoln, the
birthplace of the tank. We will
still run articles on museums,
classicmilitaryvehiclemagazine
but this gives us more scope
on the topics we cover, and I
would like to invite readers to
contribute to the page.
If you have been to a
destination that you think
would interest other classic
military vehicle enthusiasts,
please feel free to share
some pictures and details
of the visit with us and what
made it worthwhile.
The cancellation of military
shows this year has further
meant we have not been able
to get out and photograph
vehicles for our restoration
features. Traditionally, we
would use the show season to
cmveditorial@keypublishing.com
3
October 2020 Frontlines
bank photographs of as many
vehicles as possible before
they returned to their places
of storage for the winter. This
would then give us content for
the months ahead.
Instead, we have had to rely
on more historical features
to fill the pages. However,
several readers have got in
touch offering pictures and
written notes about their
vehicles, which has been
much appreciated. Again,
I would like to invite you to
get in contact if you have a
vehicle that you would like
featured in the magazine.
Despite these challenges, I
www.facebook.com/cmvmag
believe the team at CMV has
managed to produce some
excellent issues this year
with interesting and varied
content. We hope you agree.
On a sad note, we recently
said goodbye to Tom Lunn
from our ad sales team
who has left the magazine
publishing world. We wish
him the best of luck in his
new role.
Enjoy the read and, as
always, your feedback is
appreciated.
EDITOR ANDREW STONE
andrew.stone@keypublishing.com
www.twitter.com/cmvmag
www.keymilitary.com

Features This image shows a Challenger 2 main battle tank. Recent news reports suggested the UK was considering
scrapping its ageing fleet of tanks completely. Former para Craig Allen joins the debate on page 15.
CROWN COPYRIGHT / SGT ROSS TILLY
06 Blast from the Past
Gordon Beale’s rare 1965 Bedford RL ‘mine cab’

15 Tanks or Not?
Former para Craig Allen joins debate on need for tanks

words and pictures Ed James

The Black Jeep

I
n the real world of vehicle buying, a
common event is that you buy the vehicle
you can afford and not the vehicle you
want. Such is the situation I faced when it
came time for me to move up from military-
style motorcycles to a Jeep.
First, my location in the middle of
Western Canada, right on the Manitoba/
Saskatchewan border, is not home to many
World War Two army Jeeps, even though

IN THE FAMILY
While Jeeps with World War Two provenance are in huge
demand, not everyone can afford one or has the means to
restore one, as Canadian military historian Ed James explains
just 100 miles east of me is the main Royal
Canadian Army artillery base, CFB Shilo.
Its World War Two fame is down to the
fact that this is the base where many of
Canada’s parachute corps trained, with
many members jumping into Normandy
on June 6, 1944.
During my search, I looked online for
World War Two vintage Jeeps in both Ed, a retired teacher said he could not afford a World War Two-era
Canada and the US. Jeep and also did not have the mechanical know-how to restore one
This certainly increased the number of
wartime examples up for sale, but as I
discovered, only for someone with deep
pockets. Being a retired teacher living on a
pension with a wife and six cats, they were

sadly too expensive for me. So, it was time He had a copy of a local community
to turn to plan B. paper known as ‘The Buy/Sell Press’ and
As mentioned earlier, I have some in it was an advert for just the vehicle I
military-style motorcycles that with some was looking for. It was a 1946 Willys CJ2A,
imagination and retro parts look the ‘real unfortunately at a price that was a bit
deal’ though I would never put them up more than I could afford. But I decided to
against the real thing. give it a try as the owner could only say no,
I saw many fine examples in Normandy and it was located not more than 30 miles
last June while visiting with a group of World away from my home.
War Two reenactors. The question is, what I called the owner and we arranged to
does someone in meet. The vehicle
my position – who
has neither the ‘Being a retired was everything I
wanted and was
financial means nor
mechanical know- teacher living on a perfect for my
project. It started and
how – do when you
have a passion for the pension with a wife ran well, and I told
him I would get back
hobby?
This coupled
and six cats, they to him in a few days.
Sadly, after doing the
with the fact that were sadly too maths, I called and

expensive for me’

I could not find an
affordable vehicle
in the 200-mile
area surrounding me did not leave a lot
of options. So, I turned my attention to
searching for a post-war model, which
was a challenge in itself.
I started by placing adverts in
newspapers in my province and those
on either side of me. But after several
weeks I had had no luck. Then one day I
A proud Ed James got a call from an army friend and well-
with his Jeep outside known military collector and restorer in
his home in Canada Western Canada.
said that it was more
than I could afford
and thanked him for
his time.
Then two weeks later I got a call saying
he had dropped the price and asked if
I was still interested. He said two other
potential buyers had contacted him and in
both cases, they wanted to chop it down
into a mud bog machine.
He did not want to see that happen and
so called me. Of course, I said yes and
with the help of a friend, went to collect
the Jeep and drove it home.

26 27

26 The Black ‘Jeep’

in the Family Military historian Ed
James on his World War Two replica Jeep

34 Driving the
Red Ball Express
Bill Siuru on the drivers who tackled the famed route

40 Army Surplus
The US Army had to dispose of thousands of
vehicles at the end of World War One

words Craig Moore pictures as credited

“T
he two-pdr gun was a
peashooter.” “The two-pdr
The Matilda II on display shell just bounced off the
at the American Heritage
Museum was armed with a QF
front of the Panzer III armour.”
two-pdr gun. CRAIG MOORE “The two-pdr gun was useless. It could
not stop a Tiger tank.”
Comments like these are continually made
in books, on military history forums, on
social media and in the beer tents at military
vehicle shows. This is perhaps somewhat
unfair as the weapon enjoyed early success
in World War Two, as various test showed.
In the mid-1930s, the Royal Ordnance
Factories’ design department at Woolwich
Arsenal and Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd were
working to devise a 40mm anti-tank gun.
The Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd design was
successful and officially called Ordnance
QF two-pounder Mark IX on Carriage
Mark I. The army still used the Royal Navy
designation system based on the weight
of the shot. This gun’s projectile weight
was 2.4lb so the gun was called the two-
pounder, abbreviated to two-pdr.
Later, an improved gun carriage designed
by Woolwich Arsenal was adopted. It was
manufactured by Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd
and had the designation Ordnance
QF two-pounder Mark IX on
Carriage Mark II.
An anti-tank gun was
designed to fire at a visible
target, in a flat trajectory. This
is called direct fire. An artillery
howitzer is normally fired over
the heads of its own troops
and tanks onto a target that
cannot be seen by the gun crew
using a grid reference on a map.
This is called indirect fire.
British two-pdr-towed anti-tank guns and
tanks armed with the two-pdr gun, fighting
in France and Belgium in 1940, could knock
out advancing Panzer II, Panzer 38(t),
Panzer III and Panzer IV German tanks.
The two-pdr was considered obsolete
by 1942 as enemy tank designs had up-
armoured, but in the early north African
The Matilda II on display
at the American Heritage
Museum was armed with a QF
two-pdr gun. A standard two- The British Ordnance Quick Firing two-pounder
pdr AP round, could penetrate
38mm of armour, at 1,000yds. anti-tank gun was a potent weapon in the early
A Japanese Chi-Ha tank had
25mm of frontal armour. part of World War Two, but gets very bad press,
CRAIG MOORE
writes Craig Moore
desert campaigns the two-pdr armour-
piercing shell could penetrate the armour
on every Italian tank. It continued to be used
in the far east until the end of the war as
Japanese tanks did not have thick armour.
British Cruiser tanks A9, A10 and A15
were all armed with QF two-pdr guns. The
Mk.I and Mk.II Crusader tanks and the
early Valentine tanks had QF two-pdr guns
mounted in their turrets. The Mk.I Churchill
tank had a two-pdr gun in the turret and a 3in
(76.2mm) howitzer in the hull. The Matilda
II tank served throughout the war and was
armed with a two-pdr gun in the turret.
Military vehicle researcher Oliver Boyle
sent me a wartime firing trial result
document. A two-pdr armour piercing AP
round could penetrate 49mm of armour at
100 yards, 37mm at 500 yards and 27mm
at 1,000 yards.
If a two-pdr armour-piercing capped ballistic
cap round was fired it could penetrate 73mm
of armour at 100 yards, 65mm at 500 yards
and 57mm at 1,000 yards.
It was refreshing to find in the archives,
more wartime documents that tell a
different story to the modern negative
comments. Two come from World War
Two South African military records and
another two were British War Office
reports. During World War Two around
334,000 South Africans volunteered for
full-time military service in support of the
British fight against Nazi Germany. Many
fought in the deserts of North Africa.
1941 South African
Army Anti-tank Battery report
The first document is a report contained
in the 1941 war diaries of the 2nd Anti-
tank Battery, South African Army in North
Africa using towed two-pdr guns. Some
were put on and fired from the back of
lorries. They were given the name Portée:
a French word that was shortened to
Porte by the army. Information gleaned
from historical documents states:
1. The two-pdr gun is effective against

Tank Hunting ‘Peashooter’ 46 47

46 The Tank Hunting

‘Peashooter’Craig Moore looks at the
British Ordnance Quick Firing 2-pounder anti-tank gun

52 The Porsches that Fought

The military legacy of Ferdinand Porsche

58 The Conqueror
A valuable weapon or a waste of resources?

64 50 Years of Testing
The development and testing of military
equipment in the Soviet Union

70 Giant of the Skies

Amazing picture essay shows Antonov AN-124
loaded with British Army vehicles

COVER IMAGE: Gordon Beale’s 1965 Bedford RL

‘mine cab’

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4
Classic Military Vehicle Issue 233 October 2020 Contents

Regulars
12 News/Letters
News and views from the military world

13 WIN! A Clarke
Impact Wrench

Gear Jeep
JeepBag Tanksalot EasyEight
Tanks
Guide
This model,
These genuine ex-army bags show M4A3E8, acquired
varying degrees of wear and tear. the nickname ‘Easy
Each kit bag upcycle is completely Eight’ from its
unique – some have minimal designation and
wear, while others are well-used Designed and made exclusively from the smooth
with preserved name labels, for the National Army Museum, ride provided by its
marks, and even the names of the this canvas bag shows classic spring suspension
soldiers written on them. Chuck tanks used by the British Army system and wide
it in the back of your Jeep for a stacked in age order. It is perfect tracks. The model
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from around the world for £44.99 from shop.nam.ac.uk for £7 instruction manual. Available from bricktanks.co.uk for £49.99

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Drilling
The Cromwell came at the

Snug
end of a line of These World War Two camo
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speed and like half tracks,
mobility. The tanks, 3/4 ton
Cromwell had trucks and
an unusually long The Clarke CDP102B Bench Drill Press is artillery. Keep
development ideal for use where there is a requirement one rolled up
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sleeping bag is one of the new did not enter combat until the D-Day landings. This Cromwell settings and a 1.5-13mm chuck capacity quickly camouflage
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Puzzle BattleBridge
Paracord is a hugely
versatile tool and the
3mm thick rope can

Collection
be used to make an
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as boot laces, a belt,
to make fishing line
(using one of the
With 2020 marking the 80th anniversary of the start of the strands from the core),
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history-themed puzzle range designed by award-winning rucksack and more. Tiger 131 with a classic
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Got a product you’d like featured in our Gear Guide? E-mail cmveditorial@keypublishing.com Note: Prices do not include postage and packaging
16 17

16 Gear Guide
Cool things you need to buy

19 Military Vehicle Market

Nigel Hay on the military vehicle scene

21 words Andrew Stone pictures as credited Lincoln Destination

Destination Tank Trail

Lincoln
Classic Military Vehicle editor Andrew Stone
and his family take a trip up the A1 to visit The Museum of Lincolnshire Life is home to a
Mark IV tank. WIKICOMMONS / REPT0N1X
Lincoln, the birthplace of the tank

T
he coronavirus pandemic placed huge
restrictions on travel this year: in the
UK families were encouraged to take
‘staycations’ and visit local attractions
during the August summer school holidays. As
of the tank and a storyboard at the site provides
plenty of information on its development.
Following our visit to the Tank Memorial, we
walked along High Street and after stopping for
breakfast at a local café, made our way up the hill

We visit the birthplace

Lincoln is not far from our offices in Stamford,
Lincolnshire, we decided to visit the city as it has a
lot to offer a family with varied interests – even a
tank enthusiast like myself.
Situated in the East Midlands, Lincoln is famous
towards the Cathedral Quarter. Lincoln was well
known for its engineering and manufacturing of
agricultural machinery before World War One and
the city was home to several large companies The Lincoln War Memorial. WIKICOMMONS /
that worked in this field including Ruston Proctor, JONATHAN CARDY

of the tank
for its medieval cathedral, castle and for being Clayton and Shuttleworth, Robey and Co and
the birthplace of the William Foster.
tank. It was the tank bit
that I was interested ‘Lincoln was well All worked to produce
machinery needed for
in, although with my
wife and 12-year old
known for its the war effort: their
experience of making
daughter accompanying
me, I had to be mindful
engineering and tracked vehicles for the
agriculture industry helped

manufacturing

23 New
that not everyone in
the family shares the
same interests.
But that is the beauty
of a visit to Lincoln. The
when inventing the tank.
The walking route
of agricultural through the city is
approximately 3.5 miles
machinery before and should take around The Tank Memorial is a tribute to engineers who

World War One’

Tank Trail walking route two hours, depending on worked on the project. ANDREW STONE
not only takes you to stops. We did not stop
areas that played a key at each point of interest
role in the development of the tank, but it also – of which there are nine – and typically the walk a room was secretly used to draw up the first

Books
passes through historic areas of the city filled with
hidden delights.
The Tank Memorial was our first stop as it was
located close to our city centre hotel. Situated at
the roundabout located on Tritton Road and Rope
Walk, the memorial is a tribute to the engineers
that worked to invent the tank in 1915.
A local company by the name of William Foster
& Co played an instrumental role in the creation
should start at the Lincolnshire Life Museum, designs of the tank, William Foster’s grave, Tritton
which is home to a World War One Mark IV tank. House, the Lincoln War Memorial, Cornhill, and
It was one of the 1,220 tanks built during the Fosters before ending at the Tank Memorial.
war and went into service in August 1917.
Unfortunately, the museum was still closed at the For more information visit www.visitlincoln.com
time of our visit but hopefully will have re-opened
by the time you are reading this.
From the museum, the walk takes in the
Westgate Water Tower, White Hart Hotel where

New releases for your

military library The Tank Memorial located on Tritton
Road in Lincoln. ANDREW STONE
A map showing the Tank Trail through the city.

21

24 Events Moore’s Manoeuvres words and pictures Craig Moore

What’s on and what’s

not for 2020
L
ast year I went to the local and
family history library, in Calverley

74 Moore’s
Street, Leeds, hunting for
information on the Leeds 1917 Tank
Week event and its Presentation Tank.
Having found what I went for, I asked the

A Window into History

librarian if they had any more documents
about World War One tanks. “No,” he replied,
“but we do have some Stereoscope card sets
of the First World War and a viewer. Would

Manoeuvres
you like to see them?”
“Yes please,” I answered, and he delivered
to my desk a viewer and four boxes made
to look like old books. They were full of
photographs from the 1914-1918 war.
Stereoscopes were invented in 1823
but became popular after Queen Victoria
admired the Brewster stereoscope at the
1851 Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, London.
Two separate copies of the same image are
Stereoscopes make history come alive –
as Craig Moore discovers
ABOVE & BELOW: The stereoscope images shown here depict various scenes from World War One.
Stereoscopes and viewer cards can be bought on eBay
View Company based in Meadville,
Pennsylvania, but sold through its
London office.
They depicted many scenes of the damage
done during World War
One to the towns and
French military archives and publications,
as well as US archives, supplied a quantity
of the pictures to add diversity to the images
included in the card collection.
The Renault FT light tank was photographed
going to the front line as well as taking part

Craig Moore’s military

villages of France
and Belgium, but they
also included some
photographs of military
vehicles.
in a victory parade in Paris. The French
boat-shaped Schneider CA tank, loaded with
the crew’s equipment on the tank’s roof,
was captured on film as it crossed a rickety
wooden bridge over the River Somme.

world
glued on to a card side
by side. This card is then placed in the viewer
and moved backwards or forwards until the
two images appear as one. The stereoscope
lenses make the image appear larger and
more distant with a 3-D effect.
This particular batch of cards had been
manufactured by the American Keystone
On the back of each
card, there was an
explanation of what
was displayed on the
front. One showed a
British Mk IV female
tank: the photo caption
read “Ripped and battered
to death by the enemy – a
derelict tank, Cambrai.”
Not quite true. Many of
the tanks broke down
during the attacks or
got stuck in the mud.
They then became the
target for enemy artillery
and were destroyed before the British had
a chance to recover the tank. Another card
showed a field of more than 40 British Mk.IV
tanks awaiting deployment.
A vast majority of the photographs came
from the Imperial War Museum archives
and British newspapers, but stereoscope
companies used war photographs from
many different sources.
A French armoured car, with spare wheels
strapped to the side, was photographed
in an urban environment. It did not have
a turret, but was open-topped and armed
with a Hotchkiss machine gun on a tall
gun mount. The crew were protected with
an armoured shield that surrounded the
machine gun barrel.
These are important windows on history
and are quite readily accessible as
stereoscope viewers and cards can be found
for sale on eBay. My suggestion is to start
your collection now.
Craig Moore is an editor for tanks-encyclope-
dia.com and runs tank-hunter.com, a guide to
where you can find surviving World War One
and World War Two tanks

74

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and Save
Make great savings when you
subscribe to Classic Military
Vehicle today.
See pages 32-33 for this
month’s special offers

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5
 SPECIFICATIONS
Make Bedford ‘The Bedford RL was one such
vehicle to undergo modification
Model RL
Nationality British

to mitigate the damage from

Year 1965
Production Run 1953-1969 (mine cabs

explosions and to try to

appeared in the mid-60s)
Engine Bedford
Type 4.9 litre straight-six
Fuel Petrol preserve life’
Displacement 4.930cm3 (300 cu in)
Power 115hp at 3,000rpm
Fuel Capacity 118 litres (25 gallons)
Max speed 60mph
Transmission
Type Manual
Gears Four forward, one reverse
Transfer Box Four-wheel drive
Suspension Leaf springs
Brakes Servo assisted hydraulic
Tyres: 11.00x20 Avon track grip
Crew/seats Two

Dimensions
Length 6.35m (247in)
Width 2.45m (95in).
Height 3.35m (130in)
Wheelbase
3.95m (155in)
Weight
8.025kg (17.655lb)

Gordon Beale’s1965
Bedford RL ‘Mine Cab’

6
 words Vicky Turner pictures Mike Prior

A Blast from
the Past Gordon Beale’s rarity –
a 1965 Bedford RL
‘Mine Cab’

G
eneral Motors, which had
been manufacturing British
Chevrolet vehicles in Canada
and Brazil, moved its operations
to the Vauxhall Motors’ plant in Luton,
Bedfordshire when it acquired the facility
in 1925.
The Bedford name was first used in
1929 when General Motors’ AC and LQ
Chevrolet Bedford models were produced,
taking on the name of the nearby town of
Bedford.
The Chevrolet name was subsequently
dropped, with the first thoroughly British
Bedfords being manufactured in 1931.
Bedford began developing a 15cwt lorry
for the War Office in 1935 – the
Bedford MW, which at the time,
was the only Bedford designed
specifically for military use and
which began service in 1939.
When World War Two broke out,
civilian production of its K, M
and O series trucks ceased and
it redesigned the O-type exclusively for
the military. This cemented what became
a long-standing relationship between
Bedford and the British armed forces,
with Bedford lorries becoming a transport
mainstay, taking on a variety of roles.
During the war years, Bedford developed
numerous light and heavy models for
military use, with many variants along
the way including personnel carriers, fuel
tankers, water bowsers, artillery tractors
and wireless trucks. This led to the
Bedford name becoming synonymous
with the British Army during World War
Two.
When peace was declared,

7

The mine-cabbed Bedford is one of several rare
and unusual vehicles that Gordon owns
Bedford resumed production of its K,
M and O civilian models, the building of
which continued until 1953. It was during
the 1950s that the company brought
online its larger, S-type, seven-ton lorries,
known affectionately as ‘Big Bedfords’.
Bedford RLs, like this one, were the
militarized version of Bedford’s civilian
SCL seven-ton truck. The S-type truck
was two-wheel drive whereas the military
RL had larger wheels for greater ground
clearance and was 4x4.
The RL was manufactured for 17 years
from 1952 until 1969. A testament to
its simple, reliable and durable design is
the fact that many of the 73,000 or so
built, remained in service with British and
Commonwealth forces, and with others
who procured it, until very recently.
Worldwide buyers included Belgium,
the Netherlands, Malaysia, Pakistan and
South Africa and many, after they were
cast from the military, continued working
hard in civilian and commercial roles.
Between December 1963 and November
1967 the United Kingdom became
embroiled in the messy, multi-factional,
Aden conflict, an insurgency against
British crown forces in what is now
Yemen.
It began when members of the
National Liberation Front carried out
a grenade attack against the British
High Commission. This attack killed
one person, injured 50, and caused the
British government to declare a state of
emergency.
In 1964, Harold Macmillan announced
that the British would depart and leave
Yemen to self-governance in 1968.
Yemeni nationalists then set about
trying to accelerate this departure by
undertaking violent guerrilla warfare-style
actions.
Mines, explosives and grenades were
sent into the country to support the
rebels. Initially, these were mainly British
supplies left behind in the Canal Zone of
Egypt in1955 when the United Kingdom
evacuated.
Later, as more Aden terrorists or freedom
fighters (depending on your perspective),
received Marxist guerrilla training by the
Soviets and Chinese, high-tech weaponry
originating from the Soviet Union, rocket
launchers among other things, began to
appear on the scene.
Ultimately, it was the ‘S’ mine, a Czech
copy of a German wartime prototype,
coming from behind the iron curtain, as
well as other land mines from less easily
traced origins that became a particular
worry for the British Forces in Aden.
It was the risk that these lethal devices
posed that precipitated the development
‘‘Mine-protected cabs
of several vehicles being adapted during
the 1960s to be ‘mine-protected’. The
were fitted to several Bedford RL was one such vehicle to
undergo modification to mitigate the
variants including the damage from explosions and to try to
general service cargo
preserve life.
Of the 73,000 RLs built, fewer than 200
truck, water bowsers were converted to have a mine cab fitted.
These adaptations were designed to
and petrol tankers’ deflect the blast from an exploding mine
away from the truck’s occupants.
The tailgate
drops and
forms an
outside
terrace area
for evening
drinks at
shows
8
1965 GS Cargo, RAF
registration 10 AJ 83
Mine-protected cabs were fitted to
several variants including the general
service cargo truck, water bowsers and
petrol tankers. The conversion involved
removing the original cab and fitting
angled mild steel plating on the sides.
Also plating on the front from the chassis
to the steering column, a double layer of
steel (with a cavity between) on the floor
under the feet of the driver and passenger
and a strong roll cage over the top.
In addition to the protection from
beneath, the metal roof was removed, as
were the doors and windows. Shattered
glass was a hazard, but the replacement
of the standard RL’s hard cab top with
canvas was not a concession to the
extraordinary heat of the desert – it was
an essential safety feature.
It is the compression following an
explosion that kills, so by allowing the
force of the blast to escape up and out of
9
ABOVE: Despite its intricacies, Gordon loves
driving the Bedford
LEFT: There was no power steering back then so
lorry drivers of the 1960s were given a workout
at the wheel
BELOW: The gauges on the dash are
straightforward
the cab’s roof and doors meant the truck’s
occupants were much more likely to
survive if they drove over a mine.
Four-point safety harnesses were fitted
to both the driver and passenger seat to
keep personnel from being flung from
the vehicle. Sandbags were often laid on
the floor to further bolster the protection.
Despite the fairly crude design, it must
have been pretty effective. Gordon Beale,
the owner of the lorry pictured here,
ABOVE: The leaf spring suspension is clear to see
thanks to the shape of the cab
LEFT: A spare tyre is mounted under the vehicle

has seen images of badly mine-damaged
mine-cabbed RLs in Aden, with the crew
escaping only with broken legs.
Gordon, ex-REME, has a taste for the
esoteric and this mine-cabbed Bedford
is just one of a suite of rare and unusual
vehicles he owns. However, he says that
this is the vehicle that he has enjoyed
working on the most and he loves
driving it – the additional weight not
compromising its handling one iota.
He bought it around ten years ago when
he saw it for sale on eBay in Dover as “a
runner with no spark”. Initially debating
on whether to pack a few tools, catch the
train and drive it back north, he was glad
he eventually decided to collect it with a
low-loader as it turned out that the engine
was completely seized.
This was not the disaster that it might
have been. Gordon is the sort of man that
The rear load space has been converted to a living area
with central heating, kitchen, double bed and shower
just buys spares when he sees them ‘at
the right price’ and he had, some years
previously, bought a Bedford engine
because it “might just come in handy”.
He owns a standard RL and a Green
Goddess too, both of which share the
same engine. Replacing the engine
involved removing the 16 huge bolts that
hold the steel plating in place, so while
he was at it, Gordon overhauled the lot;
electrics, brakes, universal joints, stripped
and cleaned the lighting switches,
replaced the dynamo and got a local
coach trimmer to reupholster the seats.
The rig was back on the road in perfect
running order in less than a month.
You wouldn’t know it from looking at it
but the rear load space is converted to
create a home from home for him and
wife, Vicky, complete with central heating,
kitchen, double bed and shower.
10
LEFT: Gordon says that this is the vehicle he has
enjoyed working on the most
BELOW: The canvas cover gives protection to the
now converted living area
The tailgate drops and forms an outside
terrace area for evening drinks at shows.
Gordon initially used a canvas cover from
a Bedford MJ and although it was good, it
was not a perfect fit.
Serendipity played a hand though when
he was later chatting to a fellow Bedford
owner at a show, who mentioned that
his MJ had an ill-fitting canvas. Turns
out it was an RL cover, so a swap was
done there and then and both owners
went home happy and with the correct,
perfectly fitting, canvas cover for their
vehicle.
Having been built for service in Aden,
this Bedford may well have travelled
there during its service career with the
RAF in the 60s. It is difficult to know for
sure as the RAF does not keep the same
comprehensive vehicle records as the
army and registration numbers get turned
from scrapped vehicles onto new vehicles
– effectively used multiple times.
Somehow, fittingly, this mine-cabbed RL
now resides in rural Bedfordshire, only a
few miles away from where it first rolled
off the production lines.
Brig Gen A I H Fyfe wrote of the Somerset and
Cornwall Light Infantry, a unit deployed to Aden
from April to October 1966, that: “During its six-
month tour in Aden the Battalion dealt with 102
grenade incidents, four mines, two electronically
detonated mines, two sabotage attempts, one
accidental explosion, six assassinations, three
attempted assassinations, one arson attack, three
Blindicide rockets, and one mortar. These are
figures for the operations in Sheikh Othman and
Al Mansoura and do not include further attacks
and mines at Mukeiras and Al Milah”.
 EASTERN SURPLUS & EQUIPMENT CO.
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EasternSurplus.indd 1 14/07/2020 15:57:14

 News & Letters
World leaders pay tribute to mark
75th anniversary of the end WWII
Piccadilly Circus screens displayed VJ Day 75 imagery on August 15 to mark the 75th anniversary of Victory
over Japan Day. CROWN COPYRIGHT
World leaders gave thanks to all those who
served in World War Two as part of a poignant
video message commissioned by the UK Depart-
ment for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. The
Friendship of Nations saw world leaders includ-
ing the Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Australian
Prime Minister Scott Morrison, Canadian Prime
Minister Justin Trudeau and US President Donald
Trump thanking veterans. Members of the Royal
Family also paid tribute at a series of events to
mark the anniversary. The Prince of Wales led a
national moment of remembrance at the Nation-
al Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire; the Duke
of Cambridge featured in a special programme
Jumbo restoration for
UK museum
Armourgeddon Military Museum in Leicester-
shire, UK, recently took on a mammoth res-
toration project with the arrival of one of the
rarest tanks in the world – a M4A3E2 Assault
tank, also known as a Sherman Jumbo. Only
254 Jumbo’s were built and only eight are be-
lieved to survive. The 1944 model now owned
by Armourgeddon is in a poor condition, but
the team is confident it can be rebuilt. The
body is covered in impact holes from its time
cmveditorial@keypublishing.com www.cmvmag.co.uk
broadcast on BBC One and paid tribute to all
those who sacrificed so much during the war;
and the Duke of Edinburgh featured, alongside
other veterans, on a number of large screens
across the UK including the Piccadilly Curve
and National Rail stations in a photomontage
showing veterans during their time in service and
as they are now. VJ Day 75: The Nation’s Tribute
was broadcast on BBC One on Saturday, August
15. It was filmed at Horse Guards Parade and
the pre-recorded programme, developed with the
Ministry of Defence, involved members of armed
forces personnel and highlighted the scope and
diversity of the British military in 1945.
as a range target, and while the turret has tak-
en some punishment, fortunately none of the
impacts penetrated. Armourgeddon owner
Stuart Garner said they had purchased the
tank from a military vehicle collector in Can-
ada. “He was planning to restore it himself
and has done some of the work but decided
to sell it,” said Stuart. “It’s a big project for us
and we estimate it will take around 12 to 18
months to complete.”
12
Museum loses
valuable artefacts
in burglary
The Eyewitness War Museum in Beek, The
Netherlands, suffered significant losses after
the facility was burgled in August. According
to reports, thieves gained access to the mu-
seum after forcing their way in through the
front door on the night of August 2 and 3. In
addition to the valuable items stolen, signifi-
cant damage was done to display cases and
doors. Anyone with information regarding
the incident has been asked to contact
authorities. A statement on the museum’s
Facebook page, attributed to Wim Seelen,
read: “I would like to thank everyone for the…
support and compassion we received today
through social media and other channels,
following the burglary last night. We have a
lot of damage… In the short term we hope
to be able to inform you about reopening of
the museum.” A crowdfunding campaign to
assist the museum has been started and
can be accessed at www.doneeractie.nl.
Items listed as stolen included those from a
specialised collection that told the story of a
German parachutist. It was made up of 13
dioramas with more than 150 fully clothed
mannequins, nine of which were stolen.
Seelen was quoted in the Dutch language
newspaper, Limburg, saying: “The extensive
collection consists solely of original attrib-
utes and a number of masterpieces that are
very rare and precious. They knew what they
were looking for.” Anyone with information
on the incident should e-mail info@eyewit-
nesswo2.nl or phone +31 (0) 46 43 707 69.
Reference the letter from Bob Morley of
Doncaster in the (September 2020) issue.
The reason I didn’t mention an LVT-1 at the
Museum of Army Transport was because they
didn’t have one. They had an LVT-3 Bushmas-
ter ex-Royal Army Service Corps but never
an LVT-1 as far as I know. At least they didn’t
have one when I last visited and I don’t believe
there’s one in the U.K. at all. I mentioned
the LVT-3 in the article I wrote on that type
which was published in CMV of May 2015. To
answer Bob’s other question the majority of
exhibits from Beverley went to the National
Army Museum except for the railway related
exhibits like the Rectank and Ramp wagons.
They went to the National Railway Museum.
I know a bit about this because the National
Army Museum had nowhere to put the vehi-
cles so they were all sent down to Bovington,
including the LVT-3, but they’ve gone now.
Cheers,
David Fletcher
I like the “Eastern Front Mule” article in the
(August 2020) issue but there is a caption error
on page 49. The US halftrack is named as a
M13 but the flat section front fenders show
that it’s an IHC (International Harvester) model.
That means that the vehicle is actually a M14.
Otherwise, it’s a great magazine as usual.
Kind Regards,
Rich Baker
Peterborough
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Tanks
words and picture Craig Allen
for the Memory
Former para Craig Allen
joins the debate on the
need for tanks
T
he media has recently been
awash with talk of scrapping
the UK’s ageing armoured fleet
to save costs and concentrate
on Cyberwarfare and emerging threats.
Cue howls of protest from military
traditionalists, while others including
respected pundit Max Hastings suggest
the tank has had its day. Former armed
forces chief, Lord Dannatt, warns with
an emergent Russia now is not the time
for such a drastic move. So, what are
the facts and how is it that the nation
that invented the tank is now seriously
contemplating ditching it?
The Challenger was initially a private
venture by Vickers taken up by the British
Army, which knew a good design when
it saw one. Used successfully in the
Gulf War of 1990 the Challenger was
extensively redesigned and modernised to
create Challenger 2, which was adopted
in 1998. Employed in Gulf War 2, it has
soldiered on largely unchanged since,
while the US and German fleets have
received at least four major upgrades and
the Russians five. The question is, what
role will heavy armour have on the modern
battlefield?
If the present is any prediction of
the future, armour still has a place as
the conflict in Syria has shown. Other
major powers have made substantial
We asked our followers on Facebook what
they thought of the potential move.
These are some of the replies received:
Harry Bulpit: Until they can give a proper source
it’s as good as fiction. The military pays millions
each year for people to think up new ideas and
concepts. This is nothing new.
David Aaron: Shortsighted, a decision they will regret.
Tom Nope: Pretty stupid.
Stephanos Karamouzis: Are they insane?
Victor van Gessel: Our idiotic government (Dutch)
did and now we are leasing them from the Germans.
investments in heavy armour and Russia
is in the process of fielding the new
Armata main battle tank (MBT). Armoured
fleets like this would not be maintained if
there was no longer a role for the tank. On
the other hand, critics point out the MBT’s
vulnerability to air attacks and shoulder-
launched anti-tank (AT) missiles. While
this is true, the opposition must possess
a credible air force while advanced
armour and protective systems mean
sophisticated and expensive AT weapons
are required to defeat them. The widely
distributed RPG is no threat to modern
MBTs while high-tech armour applied to
Challengers in Iraq could defeat even large
IEDs. There is an argument for replacing
heavy armour with armed helicopters
such as Apache, but helicopters cannot
take and hold ground.
I have experienced the shock effect of
an armoured assault while on exercise
and the soldier in me wonders how we
would fare if confronted with an enemy
which retained its heavy armour. Then I
see reports that the US Marine Corps are
divesting themselves of their armoured
units. So, what are the pros and cons?
Pros to tanks
Credibility: the possession of an effective,
modern armoured force is a key marker of
a major military power;
Insurance: against facing a first or
second-tier enemy equipped with heavy
armour, a tank is a tank after all and
even an old T62 can be effective in the
right hands;
Effectiveness: it is hard to underestimate
the shock effect of an armoured assault
and this will continue to hold true despite
modern air and missile systems;
NATO: a major part of our contribution
to the alliance is the British Army’s
armoured units.
Note: The views expressed here are those of the author and designed to encourage debate.
15
A Challenger 2 in Iraq, 2003
Cons to tanks
Obsolescence: Challenger II is becoming
increasingly obsolete compared to our
NATO allies and newer Russian designs;
Cost: upgrading Challenger tanks and Warrior
infantry fighting vehicles (IFV) is a major
expense set against constrained budgets;
Vulnerability: there is no denying that
MBTs are vulnerable to air power and
advanced AT missiles;
Relevance: with the rise of asymmetric
warfare the usefulness of heavy armour
on the modern battlefield is up for debate.
Whatever the final decision, some
difficult choices will have to be made. This
could involve scrapping or mothballing the
entire fleet, although this would require
agreement from our NATO allies.
Alternatively, we could modernise our
armour, although this would involve
compromise in other areas of defence. A
possible third way could involve a partial
reduction combined with modernisation
of the remaining assets. Alternatively, we
could buy a more modern tank design
such as Leopard 2 partnered with an
updated IFV fleet. These ideas are being
discussed, but perhaps there is a further
option. Several armies are looking at a
new class of armoured fighting vehicle
(AFV) exemplified by the Centauro
developed by Iveco-Oto Melara. These are
essentially wheeled tanks and although
lacking MBT levels of protection, they
have greater mobility and offer equivalent
firepower at a reduced cost. One could
imagine armoured units equipped like this
making a good match for the proposed
Strike Brigades and it is a concept that
could suit our reduced means. For the
moment it seems the jury is out, but it
appears we are at a crucial point in the
history of our armed forces.
Gear JeepBag
Jeep
Guide
These genuine ex-army bags show
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Each kit bag upcycle is completely
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16
Tanksalot EasyEight
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17
 agrément n° 2002-223

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Caen.indd 1 26/08/2020 16:53:25

pubUK simple 2020.indd 1 26/08/2020 17:28
words and pictures Nigel Hay
Busy times ahead
Nigel Hay’s round-up of the military vehicle market
W
ith thousands of Jeeps of all
types and conditions coming up
for sale on Milweb in the past 20
years, I thought I had seen it all.
Then, in dropped an advert for a genuine ex-SAS
Jeep, found in the Morvan area of France, where
it was air-dropped on the night of June 5, 1944.
In a damaged state, it is supplied with its equally
damaged parachute frame. But for the man who
has a passion for SAS Jeeps and a spare €15,000
this has to be a really different display item, and
should be preserved as it is, without any attempt
to restore it.
Display it alongside a less battered example
and you have a talking point to dine out on. This
rare item naturally attracted a lot of interest on
social media – and I was indebted to the keyboard
warrior who told us all that it was actually a Land
Rover chassis
As we go to press, a very relevant museum is
seriously considering this for a major display.
And, as any
dealer will ask
you – where
‘The relevance of selling
are you going to
find another?
online has become much
For those who more apparent during the
Covid-19 period’
want something
rather tidier, we
had a very nice
slat grille Jeep come onto the market at £30,000.
It has an enormous attention to detail and, after
long-term ownership and a ground-up restoration,
ended up being sold to a collector in Jersey.
As you all know by now, the War and Peace
Revival , along with 99% of our usual events was
cancelled. But this lack of outdoor activity and
the constant media doom and gloom has still not
affected our market.
Talking to parts suppliers, the canvas makers,
vehicle restorers and paint mixers, they all say they
have been busy and not trading at the shows has
not had a tangible negative effect.
It may well be, assuming we are allowed out to
play next year, that our businesses will be less
reliant on the shows and do even more online
trade. The relevance of selling online has become
much more apparent during the Covid-19 period.
I was delighted to see that one of Milweb’s
very first advertisers, Allied Forces Canvas has
finally launched a website after 21 years – www.
alliedforcesltd.com. Now that is real progress!
Witham Specialist Vehicles has changed its
business model after running the MoD vehicle
disposal contract for 18 years. The company
still does direct sales and offers value added
Military Vehicle Market
ex-military vehicles, but the seven nights a week
auction with an eclectic mix of vehicles, spares,
military surplus, industrial and agricultural lots has
proved a successful move.
The contents of a former tourist attraction at Fort
Paull on Humberside are up for auction, including
the only Beverley transport plane in existence.
There are over 600 lots and vehicles include a A 1915 Latil Type TAR Série P in Artcurial’s auction
1950s Schutzenpanzer SPZ12-13 Low Profile
Vehicle and a wartime Marmon Herrington
armoured car – both in need of a lot of work.
There is a batch of artillery and cannons – much
of it live so restricting who can bid on it – a pair of
25 pounders and a 3.75in anti-aircraft howitzer.
Although the attraction only closed in 2019,
the contents mostly look neglected and tatty.
We imagine most of this will slowly trickle out
through militaria trade – but with auctions you just
never know.
Highend French auctioneers Artcurial
(remember the incredible prices they achieved at
the Normandy
Tank Museum
sale?) is selling M10 Tank Destroyer - up for auction with no reserve
the estate of
vineyard owner
Andre Lurtin on
September 27.
In the military
vehicle hobby
this collection was completely off the radar,
so to ‘discover’ 15 military vehicles including a
Sherman Grizzly and an M10 Tank Destroyer that
none of us were aware of has been exciting.
They were dry-stored and pretty complete and
haven’t been used for many years so will need
decommissioning at the very least. With no
reserve, these two alone should net in excess of
£200,000 each. A ‘before’ image of a SAS Jeep
But la piece de resistance has to be the
wonderful 1915 Latil series P Artillery tractor
which the owner had used to promote his
vineyard. But the rather modest guide price of
€6,000 to €15,000 will, I suspect, be exceeded
when the hammer goes down.
The M38 flat fender Jeep has never been a
prolific model in the UK and we would normally
expect two or three a year to come up for sale.
So far this season we have seen eight genuine
M38s advertised – five of which we know sold
quickly. We have also had a hybrid M38/CJ3
which the seller was not aware of quite what it
was. One ‘tall’ Jeep enthusiast explained that And here are two images showing what happens
the M38 has more leg room than its wartime when SAS Jeep airdrops go wrong. Note the
counterpart and as we get older, we like Vickers K mount still present on the bulkhead
accessibility and comfort.
19
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MOBILE: 07770 836438
On-Sale
15TH OCTOBER 2020
WEBSITE: www.jeffreyeng.com Email: nick@jeffreyeng.com
Berry Court Farm, Smarden, Ashford, Kent. TN27 8RQ Email: samclark@keypublishing.com

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20

020_CMV_OCT20_ad.indd 1 03/09/2020 10:35:08

words Andrew Stone pictures as credited Lincoln Destination

Tank Trail
Classic Military Vehicle editor Andrew Stone
and his family take a trip up the A1 to visit The Museum of Lincolnshire Life is home to a
Mark IV tank. WIKICOMMONS / REPT0N1X
Lincoln, the birthplace of the tank

T
he coronavirus pandemic placed huge of the tank and a storyboard at the site provides
restrictions on travel this year: in the plenty of information on its development.
UK families were encouraged to take Following our visit to the Tank Memorial, we
‘staycations’ and visit local attractions walked along High Street and after stopping for
during the August summer school holidays. As breakfast at a local café, made our way up the hill
Lincoln is not far from our offices in Stamford, towards the Cathedral Quarter. Lincoln was well
Lincolnshire, we decided to visit the city as it has a known for its engineering and manufacturing of
lot to offer a family with varied interests – even a agricultural machinery before World War One and
tank enthusiast like myself. the city was home to several large companies The Lincoln War Memorial. WIKICOMMONS /
Situated in the East Midlands, Lincoln is famous that worked in this field including Ruston Proctor, JONATHAN CARDY
for its medieval cathedral, castle and for being Clayton and Shuttleworth, Robey and Co and
the birthplace of the William Foster.
tank. It was the tank bit
that I was interested ‘Lincoln was well All worked to produce
machinery needed for
in, although with my
wife and 12-year old
known for its the war effort: their
experience of making
daughter accompanying
me, I had to be mindful
engineering and tracked vehicles for the
agriculture industry helped
that not everyone in
the family shares the
manufacturing when inventing the tank.
The walking route
same interests.
But that is the beauty
of agricultural through the city is
approximately 3.5 miles
of a visit to Lincoln. The machinery before and should take around The Tank Memorial is a tribute to engineers who
worked on the project. ANDREW STONE
World War One’
Tank Trail walking route two hours, depending on
not only takes you to stops. We did not stop
areas that played a key at each point of interest
role in the development of the tank, but it also – of which there are nine – and typically the walk a room was secretly used to draw up the first
passes through historic areas of the city filled with should start at the Lincolnshire Life Museum, designs of the tank, William Foster’s grave, Tritton
hidden delights. which is home to a World War One Mark IV tank. House, the Lincoln War Memorial, Cornhill, and
The Tank Memorial was our first stop as it was It was one of the 1,220 tanks built during the Fosters before ending at the Tank Memorial.
located close to our city centre hotel. Situated at war and went into service in August 1917.
the roundabout located on Tritton Road and Rope Unfortunately, the museum was still closed at the For more information visit www.visitlincoln.com
Walk, the memorial is a tribute to the engineers time of our visit but hopefully will have re-opened
that worked to invent the tank in 1915. by the time you are reading this.
A local company by the name of William Foster From the museum, the walk takes in the
& Co played an instrumental role in the creation Westgate Water Tower, White Hart Hotel where

The Tank Memorial located on Tritton

Road in Lincoln. ANDREW STONE
A map showing the Tank Trail through the city.

21
GrahamSykes_FP.indd 1 01/12/2017 16:47

A War With Myself:
PTSD. A War Within
Publisher Independently Published
Author Kevin Naylor
Year 2020
ISBN 979-8654910530
Language English
Binding Softback
Pages 203
Size 13.3 x 1.2 x 20.3 cm
Price £12.99
Available www.amazon.co.uk
Kevin Naylor’s ‘A War With Myself:
PTSD. A War Within’ takes readers
deep into the author’s life, from his
career as a staff sergeant in the
British Army and witnessing the
accidental death of a young officer,
to the ensuing PTSD that cost him
his job, marriage and resulted in
a prison sentence. It took time
behind bars for Naylor to receive
the help he had so desperately
asked for so many times and, as he
Koevoet!
Publisher Helion and Company
Author Jim Hooper
Year 2013 – 3rd edition
ISBN 978-0957058705
Language English
Binding Softback
Pages 320
Size 15.9cm x 23.5cm
Price £21.51
www.helion.co.uk
During the 1980s, US journalist
Jim Hooper spent five months
embedded with the elite South
West African counterinsurgency
unit Koevoet!. His time spent with
the unit coincided with one of
the most determined infiltrations
mounted by the communist-
backed South West Africa People’s
Organization. Crossing regularly
into Angola in pursuit of the
insurgents, he saw friends die
and was twice wounded himself.
Originally published more than
now rebuilds his life, he is sharing
his story to empower others who
are struggling with mental health
issues to boldly come forward and
find the help that can transform
their existence. - Review supplied.
20 years ago, the book has been
a global bestseller. The updated
edition goes beyond the original
in capturing the courage, fear and
intensity of South Africa’s deadly
bush war. – Review supplied.
23
New Books On the Shelf
North Vietnam’s 1972 Easter
Offensive: Hanoi’s Gamble
Publisher Pen and Sword Military
Author Stephen Emerson
military machinery. Hanoi decided
to take one last gamble and launch
Year 2020 a strike. Verdict: Author Stephen
ISBN 9781526757128 Emerson has written several books
Language English on Vietnam and again presents
Binding Softback another well researched and
Pages 128 illustrated body of work.
Size 23.3cm x 15.5cm
Price £14.99
www.pen-and-sword.co.uk
By the end of 1971, the Vietnam
War had been going on for eight
years with neither side gaining
a decisive advantage. Talks at
ending the fighting were also
going nowhere. The US was in the
process of withdrawing its forces
while building up those of the
South Vietnamese. Not only was
there an increase in the number of
military personnel, but the south’s
forces were also being equipped
and trained to use the latest US
Tank Destroyer
Achilles and M10
Publisher Pen and Sword Military regiments. Verdict: This is an
Author Dennis Oliver excellent resource tool for modellers
Year 2019 and historians thanks to the nine
ISBN 9781526741905 pages of full colour illustrations
Language English depicting 16 different vehicles and
Binding Softback tactical markings.
Pages 64
Size 29.7cm x 21cm
Price £14.99
www.pen-and-sword.co.uk
Part of the TankCraft series, ‘Tank
Destroyer Achilles and M10’ looks
at British Army anti-tank units in
Western Europe from 1944 to
1945. The Achilles and M10 were
two of the most important Allied
ant-tank weapons of World War
Two. Author Dennis Oliver uses
plenty of illustrations of models
to show off the variants in detail
along with historic photographs
and easy to read text giving
background to the anti-tank
 Calendar September - December 2020
ANDREW STONE www.keymilitary.com cmveditorial@keypublishing.com

2020 COVID-19 IMPORTANT NOTICE

Due to the impact of the coronavirus, we would like to advise readers to please
SEPTEMBER
check with organisers or visit the relevant websites for the most up to date
19 Tiger Day 14
The Tank Museum, Bovington, Dorset, information on all shows and events scheduled for 2020. CMV cannot guarantee
BH20 6JL that the shows and events listed here will take place on the given dates.
www.tankmuseum.org Please notify us of any changes by emailing cmveditorial@keypublishing.com

19-20 Militracks CANCELLED

Overloon War Museum
The Netherlands
https://www.oorlogsmuseum.nl/
OCTOBER
3 Access All Areas
The Tank Museum, Bovington, Dorset, BH20 6JL
Go behind-the-scenes at The Tank Museum
and get inside the parts of the museum off
limits to the general public
www.tankmuseum.org
4 Newbury 4X4 & Vintage Spares Day
Largest Land Rover Autojumble in Europe plus
large Vintage Spares Section alongside, over
800 plus traders
usually attend
Newbury showground,
Chieveley, Berkshire,
RG18 9QZ
www.4x4sparesday.co.uk
17 REME Museum Model Show
Displays of some of the museum’s
unique models alongside a vast
array of stalls and showcases from some of
the UK’s top model makers
and suppliers
www.rememuseum.org.uk
17 & 18 South West Model Show
CANCELLED
The Tank Museum, Bovington, Dorset, BH20 6JL
www.tankmuseum.org
24 Access All Areas
The Tank Museum, Bovington, Dorset, BH20 6JL
Go behind-the-scenes at The Tank Museum
and get inside the parts of the museum off
limits to the general public
www.tankmuseum.org
25 Malvern Summer
4X4 Spares Day & Sortout
Land Rover, 4X4 and Vintage Spares Day
Three Counties Showground, Malvern,
Worcestershire, WR13 6NW
www.4x4sparesday.co.uk
NOVEMBER
1 Newark Militaria Fair
Newark County Showground, NG24 2NY,
just off the A1/A46 junction, in the Lady
Eastwood Hall.
Up to 100 trade stalls selling Militaria.
Sell your vehicle too.
Call 07889 516401, email
jeep.promotions@btconnect.com
or visit www.newarkmilitariafair.com
4-5 DVD2020
RESCHEDULED DATES
UK’S biggest defence land equipment event
Millbrook, Bedfordshire
www.theevent.co.uk
14 Access All Areas
The Tank Museum, Bovington, Dorset,
BH20 6JL
Go behind-the-scenes at The Tank Museum
and get inside the parts of the museum off
limits to the general public
www.tankmuseum.org
28 REME Museum Christmas Market
A chance to find the last-minute
Christmas gift or decoration with a number
of stall holders spread throughout the
museum’s galleries
www.rememuseum.org.uk
DECEMBER
5 & 6 Christmas Food Fayre
The Tank Museum, Bovington, Dorset,
BH20 6JL
Get in the festive spirit with a Christmas food
festival. Brand new for 2020 and in partnership
with Dorset Food & Drink
www.tankmuseum.org

24
 www.mod-sales.com

DAF 4X4 TRUCK 5 TON CARGO, Fitted Cummins 5.9lt Turbo Diesel LAND ROVER WOLF 90 300TDI HARD TOP LHD, Fitted 2.5lt 300Tdi LAND ROVER WOLF 110 300TDI HARD TOP LHD, Fitted 2.5lt 300Tdi
Engine, Permanent 4x4, Hi Lo Ratio with Diff Lock, Power Steering, Air turbo Diesel engine, 5 speed R380 gearbox, Hi/Low transfer box with turbo Diesel engine, 5 speed R380 gearbox, Hi/Low transfer box with
centre diff lock, Internal roll-over protection system, Power steering, centre diff lock, Internal roll-over protection system, Power steering,
brakes, Nato style rear hitch, Spare wheel, Left hand drive available, 24-volt electrics, etc, 82 268 miles, Good condition 24-volt electrics, etc, 104104 km, Very Good condition.
MileageSpartan
from 30,000Kms APC, FittedP.O.A
- 80,000k ............Price
CVRT Dieselised (30 Available)
Cummins ...................................................................... Price P.O.A (1 Available)
BTA 5.9lt Turbo Alvis Stormer Tracked Armoured Recon Vehicle,
..................................................................... Price P.O.A (1 Available)
Alvis CVRT Shielder, Tracked Armoured load carrier with flat bed plattorm, The flat
diesel engine, Engine: power 195 hp, David Brown TN15d Epicyclic
bed can be adopted for a wide range of roles such as logistic carrier, bridge layer repair
Semi-Automatic Gearbox with Neutral turn capability, Maximum road Fitted Perkins 6-litre, 6-cylinder, Crew: Driver, Commander plus
/ recovery and towing. Built to a high specification the vehicle hull is composed of
speed 72 km/h, Range 750 km, Manoeuvrability, Gradient 60%, Side 2 pax, year 1992, low mileage, Excellent condition,
slope 35%, Vertical step 0.5 m, Trench 2 m, Fording 1 m, etc, Guide price from £12,500 (6 Available) aluminium armour to protect the crew, etc, Mileage from 500, Excellent condition, Guide
Excellent condition, Guide price from £19,995 (3 Available)
price �om 12,500 (4 Available).

LAND ROVER DEFENDER 110 RHD SNATCH 2A ARMOURED, Year
2002/2003, Fitted 300 TDi Diesel Engine, R380 Gearbox, Uprated Heavy
Duty Front Vented Disc Brakes & Rear Disc Brakes, Salisbury Front and
Rear Axles, Power Steering, etc, Excellent Condition................................
.................................................................... Price P.O.A (10 Available)
LAND ROVER DEFENDER 110 TITHONUS HARD TOP RHD, Fitted 2.5ltr
NAD engine, LT77 5 speed gear forward and one reverse gear box, Hi/Low
transfer box, Centre Diff lock, Front disc brakes, Rear drum brakes ,
New Wolf style composite Hard Top, etc, 69006 km, Good condition
....................................................Price £11,950 + VAT (1 AVAILABLE)
PENMAN LWT 1.13T DROP TAIL GATE TRAILER, Fitted Land Rover
wheels with Michelin XZL tyres, 1130kg payload, Safety pins to secure
wheel bolts, Hydraulic disc brakes, Handbrake, Swing away jockey wheel,
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The DAF 4x4 Truck, Cargo capacity of 5000kg, Fitted Cummins

WITHAM (SPECIALIST VEHICLES) LTD

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Wolf 130 Battlefield Ambulance RHD, Fitted 300Tdi engine, 5 speed
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tyres, spare wheel, low mileage, Year from 1997, runs and drives well,
Very good condition, Guide price from £13,750 (5 Available)
5.9 ltr Turbo Diesel, permanent 4x4, Hi Lo Ratio with Diff Lock,
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FOLLOW US Honey Pot Lane, Colsterworth, Grantham NG33 5LY Tel: 01476 861 361 Fax: 01476 861 441 US
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25

025_CMV_OCT20_ad.indd 1 27/08/2020 11:06:14

 words and pictures Ed James

T he B l a c k J e e p
IN THE FAMILY
While Jeeps with World War Two provenance are in huge
demand, not everyone can afford one or has the means to
restore one, as Canadian military historian Ed James explains

26
I
n the real world of vehicle buying, a
common event is that you buy the vehicle
you can afford and not the vehicle you
want. Such is the situation I faced when it
came time for me to move up from military-
style motorcycles to a Jeep.
First, my location in the middle of
Western Canada, right on the Manitoba/
Saskatchewan border, is not home to many
World War Two army Jeeps, even though
just 100 miles east of me is the main Royal
Canadian Army artillery base, CFB Shilo.
Its World War Two fame is down to the
fact that this is the base where many of
Canada’s parachute corps trained, with
many members jumping into Normandy
on June 6, 1944.
During my search, I looked online for
World War Two vintage Jeeps in both Ed, a retired teacher said he could not afford a World War Two-era
Canada and the US. Jeep and also did not have the mechanical know-how to restore one
This certainly increased the number of
wartime examples up for sale, but as I
discovered, only for someone with deep
pockets. Being a retired teacher living on a
pension with a wife and six cats, they were

sadly too expensive for me. So, it was time He had a copy of a local community
to turn to plan B. paper known as ‘The Buy/Sell Press’ and
As mentioned earlier, I have some in it was an advert for just the vehicle I
military-style motorcycles that with some was looking for. It was a 1946 Willys CJ2A,
imagination and retro parts look the ‘real unfortunately at a price that was a bit
deal’ though I would never put them up more than I could afford. But I decided to
against the real thing. give it a try as the owner could only say no,
I saw many fine examples in Normandy and it was located not more than 30 miles
last June while visiting with a group of World away from my home.
War Two reenactors. The question is, what I called the owner and we arranged to
does someone in meet. The vehicle
my position – who
has neither the ‘Being a retired was everything I
wanted and was
financial means nor
mechanical know- teacher living on a perfect for my
project. It started and
how – do when you
have a passion for the pension with a wife ran well, and I told
him I would get back
hobby?
This coupled
and six cats, they to him in a few days.
Sadly, after doing the
with the fact that were sadly too maths, I called and

expensive for me’

I could not find an
affordable vehicle
in the 200-mile
area surrounding me did not leave a lot
of options. So, I turned my attention to
searching for a post-war model, which
was a challenge in itself.
I started by placing adverts in
newspapers in my province and those
on either side of me. But after several
weeks I had had no luck. Then one day I
A proud Ed James got a call from an army friend and well-
with his Jeep outside known military collector and restorer in
his home in Canada Western Canada.
said that it was more
than I could afford
and thanked him for
his time.
Then two weeks later I got a call saying
he had dropped the price and asked if
I was still interested. He said two other
potential buyers had contacted him and in
both cases, they wanted to chop it down
into a mud bog machine.
He did not want to see that happen and
so called me. Of course, I said yes and
with the help of a friend, went to collect
the Jeep and drove it home.

27

In addition to his interest in military
history, Ed also collects cameras
As these images show, Ed’s collection
of militaria is extensive
Ed delivers a series of short one-person plays
that educate people about World War Two.
Here he is dressed as SSgt Frank Thompson,
a dispatch rider and photographer of the Royal
Canadian Corps of Signals
Since it was coming up to winter, I could
not start the retrofit immediately, but this
gave me time to source the parts I needed
for the project.
To be honest, I have almost no
mechanical skills. I am by nature an
academic, with a strong interest in military
history, in particular the everyday life of the
average soldier. But, thanks to the internet
I had no problem collecting all the parts I
needed.
The next issue was
to find someone ‘I turned my
attention to
to do the work.
Again, Lady Luck
searching for a
intervened. A family
from Scotland had
bought a farm in the
area post-war model,
As a hobby, the man
restored old tractors which was a
and military vehicles,
his speciality being
challenge itself’
British Army Land Rovers. He had the
skills, the room and the time to take on
the project during the winter which in
Manitoba is very cold with lots of snow
and road closures.
While he began the complete ‘body-off’
restoration, I collected the parts and would
visit from time to time to see the progress.
I was always amazed at his skills and the
tricks farmers use to get by.
For example, the floor and parts of
the side needed the old metal removed
and replaced. The replacement metal
28
was from a 1965 John Deere JD 439
combine, but before the repainting,
you could see the parts of John Deere
green metal patches. He removed the
power take-off, the fold-down tailgate
and the side-mounted spare tyre
holder.
The replacement end panel we got
had the Ford script logo removed so he
took the Willys logo from the discarded
tailgate and put it in the cut-out spot.
After the paint job, it looked great.
The engine was another story though.
The Jeep had the original Go Devil
four-cylinder flathead 60hp 134cu in
engine. But due to a problem that my
Scottish friend could not understand, I
ended up taking the vehicle to another
‘mechanic’ to repair.
Unfortunately, this individual decided
to take it for a rough joy ride – it was a
Jeep after all – and frustratingly blew
the engine.
Now my original mechanic suspected
that the engine block was cracked. In
checking with a Winnipeg Jeep engine
restorer, I was told that getting it to the
shop more than 200 miles away was
my problem and that when they stripped
it down and if the block was indeed
cracked, it was game over and would be
an expensive proposition to fix. I had come
too far to give up so needed a new plan.
Once again, I got lucky when my army
friend who found the Jeep for me came up
with a solution. He had a Jeep Hurricane
four-cylinder F-Head 72hp engine. With
some tinkering, it would fit into my Jeep.
The question was the cost. Both of
us have been lifelong military artefact
collectors and I had
something he had
wanted for a long
time – a vintage
Webley 455 pistol.
We made the trade
and I had an engine.
Some changes had
to be made to the air
intake and filter, but
we got it working.
A few other
problems cropped up as we went along,
but it was all coming together. I wanted
the right tyres and a company in the US
had what I was after. Since I had no plans
to go to war with my Jeep, I decided on
two-ply tyres. We ordered five and waited
and waited. A call was made and we were
told they were out of two-ply and uncertain
when they would be in stock again.
However, to help, they asked if I would
take four-ply tyres at the same price? My
answer was a quick yes and within ten
days they arrived.
 One of the other changes we made
to the Jeep was the placement of the
pioneer tool on the right side of the Jeep
below the passenger door. I know this is
not where it is normally located, and it is
the first thing ‘real Jeep’ owners notice.
We put it on this side as we were
not willing to move the gas port that
sticks out the left side of the Jeep
instead of being under the World War
Two driver’s seat.
So, what was this
project I had in ‘There are military
mind? Almost every
restored army Jeep I
vehicle clubs in the
have seen has been
done up as a combat
surrounding area,
vehicle, except for and they want
nothing to do with
medical Jeeps. This
was not my plan.
Besides being a
military historian and me, my Jeep and
educator, I am also a
record collector. my motorcycles’
A good part of my
collection is made up of 78 RPM records
from the 30s, 40s and 50s.
With that in mind and some research,
I discovered that during the war many
groups entertained troops all over Canada,
Europe and Asia, in concert halls, hangers,
in the field and even in hospitals.
One such group was called The
Canadian Army Show, the two biggest
stars being the Canadian comedy duo
of Wayne and Shuster. So, I planned to
outfit my Jeep as a tribute to the men
and women of this group.
I was able to source a heavy World War
Two-era turntable and horn speakers to go
with it. They have that ‘tinny’ sound of the
period. So, now whenever there is a ‘show
and shine’ or other events where vintage
vehicles are on display, I attend and play
popular songs from the war years by the
likes of Vera Lynn, George Formby, Glen
Miller, Gracie Fields
and other original
records I have.
I have never been
to an event where
the music did not
make people happy.
They sing along,
dance and come up
and tell me stories
from the war years. I
have taken my World
War One and Two
Jeep music shows
to play at legions,
old age care homes, and 1940s-era
dances. Along with the music I have
period kit, a uniform and posters to add
to the effect.
Now, to get back to the title of this
long missive, The Black Jeep of the
Family. There are military vehicle clubs
in the surrounding area, and they want
nothing to do with me, my Jeep and my
motorcycles because they do not have
World War Two provenance. Ed has also owned and owns various
replica military motorcycles
Ed Has modelled his Jeep and display on
the Canadian Army Show, a group which
entertained troops in World War Two
29
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 13. To justify then, is the office of God to man. Our office and duty
to God is not to pass our time sinfully or unfruitfully: for this were to
serve the devil, and not God. For that faith which bringeth not forth
repentance, but either evil works, or no good works, is not a right,
pure and living faith, but a dead and devilish one, as Paul and St.
James call it. For even the devils believe, That Christ was born of a
virgin: that he wrought all kind of miracles, declaring himself very
God: that for our sakes he suffered a most painful death, to redeem
us from death everlasting: that he rose again the third day: that he
ascended into heaven, and sitteth at the right-hand of the Father,
and at the end of the world shall come again to judge both the quick
and the dead. These articles of our faith the devils believe, and so
they believe all that is written in the Old and New Testament. And yet
for all this faith, they be but devils. They remain still in their
damnable estate, lacking the very true Christian faith.

14. The right and true Christian faith, is not only to believe that
holy scripture, and the articles of our faith are true; but also, to have
a sure trust and confidence, to be saved from everlasting damnation
by Christ; whereof doth follow a loving heart to obey his
commandments.

15. And this true Christian faith, neither any devil hath, nor yet
any man, who, in his receiving the sacraments, in coming to church,
and in all other outward appearances, seemeth to be a Christian,
and yet in his life sheweth the contrary. For how can a man have this
true faith, sure trust and confidence in God, that by the merits of
Christ his sins are forgiven, and ♦be reconciled to the favour of God,
when he denieth Christ in his works? Surely no ungodly man can
have this faith, and trust in God!

♦ “he” replaced with “be”

 16. If we do truly believe, that whereas we were condemned to
hell and death everlasting, God hath given his own son to take our
nature upon him, and to suffer death for our offences, to justify us,
and to restore us to life everlasting: if we truly believe, that he hath
made us his dear children, brethren unto his only son, and inheritors
with him of his eternal kingdom of heaven; these great and merciful
benefits of God will move us to render ourselves unto God wholly,
with all our hearts, might, and power, to serve him in all good works,
to seek in all things his glory; evermore dreading to offend in word,
thought, or deed, such a merciful God and loving Redeemer. They
will also move us, to be ever ready for his sake to give ourselves to
our neighbours, and as much as lieth in us, to study with all our
endeavour, to do good to every man. These are the fruits of true
faith, to do good, as much as lieth in us, to every man; and above all
things, and in all things, to advance the glory of God: to whom be
praise and honour, world without end!

Of true Christian faith.

1. HE first coming unto God is through faith, whereby we are

T justified before God; but lest any man should be deceived, for
want of a right understanding thereof, it is diligently to be
noted, that faith is taken in scripture two ways: there is one faith,
which the scripture calleth a dead faith. And this, by St. James, is
compared to the faith of devils, who believe and tremble, and yet do
nothing well: and such a faith as this have wicked Christians, who
profess they know God, but in works deny him.

2. This faith is, a persuasion that there is a God, and a belief of

all the truths contained in his word. So that it consisteth only in
believing that the word of God is true. And this is not properly called
faith. But as he that readeth Cæsar’s commentary, tho’ he believeth
it to be true, yet he is not properly said, to believe in Cæsar, even so
he that believeth all the bible to be true, and yet liveth ungodly, is not
properly said to believe in God. For inasmuch as faith without works
is dead, it is not faith, as a dead man is not a man.
 3. Another faith there is in scripture, which is not idle or unfruitful,
but (as St. Paul declares) working by love. And as that is called a
dead faith, so this may be called a quick or living faith. This is not
only a belief of the articles of our faith; but also a true trust and
confidence of the mercy of God through our Lord Jesus Christ, and a
stedfast hope of all good things at God’s hand: ¹ a confidence, that
tho’ we should fall from him by sin, yet if we return to him by true
repentance, he will forgive our offences for his Son’s sake; and make
us inheritors of his everlasting kingdom: that in the mean time he will
be our protector and defender, and not withdraw his mercy finally
from us, if we commit ourselves wholly unto him, hang only upon
him, and call upon him, ready to obey and serve him. This is the
true, living Christian faith; which is not in the mouth, and outward
profession only, but it liveth and stirreth inwardly in the heart: and
this faith is not without hope and trust in God, nor without the love of
God, and of our neighbour nor without the fear of God, nor without
the desire to hear God’s word, and to follow the same, in avoiding
evil, and gladly doing all good works.

¹ It is the doctrine of the church of England, to which every

minister of our church hath subscribed, in subscribing the
35th article, That, “without, or before this, can no good
work be done.”

4. Of this faith, three things are specially to be noted; first, that it

is fruitful in bringing forth good works; secondly, that without it can no
good works be done: thirdly, what good works this faith doth bring
forth.
 5. For the first, as light cannot be hid, but will shew itself at one
place or other; so true faith cannot be hid, but will break out, and
shew itself by good works. And as the living body of a man ever
exerciseth such things as belong to a living body, for nourishment
and preservation of the same; even so the soul that hath a living
faith, will be always doing some good work, which shall declare that
it is living. Therefore, if any man fancy he is set at liberty from doing
good works, it is a manifest token he hath no true faith; yea he
knoweth not what true faith meaneth. For true Christian faith is not
only a belief of all the things of God which are contained in holy
scripture; but also an earnest trust and confidence in God that he is
careful over us, as the father is over the child whom he loveth, and
that he will be merciful to us for his son’s sake. And this true faith,
when we consider what God hath done for us, is also moved thro’
continual assistance of the Spirit of God, to serve and please him, to
keep his favour, to fear his displeasure, to continue his obedient
children; shewing thankfulness by observing his commandments;
considering how clearly, without our deservings, we have freely
received his mercy and pardon.

6. Therefore, if it do not appear in our conversation, the faith we

pretend to have is but feigned: because true faith is manifestly
shewn by good living, and not by words only: as St. Augustin saith,
Good living cannot be separated from true faith, which worketh by
love: and St. Chrysostom, Faith is full of good works; and as soon as
a man believeth, he shall be adorned with them. How plentiful it is in
good works, St. Paul teacheth at large in the 11th chapter to the
Hebrews; evidently declaring, that true faith is no unfruitful thing, but
a thing of perfect virtue, of wonderful operation and strength,
bringing forth all good motions and good works.
 7. Every man therefore must diligently examine himself, whether
he hath this faith in his heart or not. He that feeleth his heart set to
seek God’s honour and leadeth not his life after his own desire, but
setteth his mind to serve God, and for his sake to love all his
neighbours, whether they be friends or adversaries, doing good to
every man, (as opportunity serveth) and willingly hurting no man;
such a man may well rejoice in God, perceiving by his life, that he
hath a living faith. But he that doth not live according to God’s words,
deceiveth himself if he think he believeth in him.

8. Let us then by our works declare our faith to be the living

Christian faith: and by such virtues as ought to spring out of faith. Let
us add to, or in our faith, virtue; in our virtue, knowledge; in our
knowledge, temperance; in our temperance, patience; in our
patience, godliness; in our godliness, brotherly-kindness; and in
brotherly-kindness, charity. So shall we both certify our conscience,
that we are in the right faith, and also confirm other men. If you feel
and perceive such a faith in you, rejoice in it, and be diligent to
maintain it. Let it be daily encreasing more and more by good works;
so shall you be sure that you shall please God, and when his will is,
receive the end of your faith, even the salvation of your souls.

9. The second thing that was noted of true faith was, that without
it can no good works be done: for as the branch cannot bear the fruit
itself, saith Christ, except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except
ye abide in me. I am the vine; ye are the branches: he that abideth in
me and I in him, he bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can
do nothing. And St. Paul proveth that Enoch had faith, because he
pleased God: for without faith, saith he, it is impossible to please
him.
 10. Faith giveth life to the soul: and they are as much dead to
God who want faith, as they are to the world, whose bodies want
souls. Without faith all we do is but dead before God, be it ever so
glorious before man. Even as a picture is but a dead representation
of the thing itself; so are the works of those who have not faith before
God. They are but shadows of good and living things, and not good
and living things indeed: For without faith no work is good before
God. We must set no good works before faith. “Let no man, saith St.
Augustin, reckon upon his good works before his faith; for where
faith was not, good works were not. There is one work in which are
all good works, that is, faith which worketh by love. If thou hast this,
thou hast the ground of all good works: without this, thou hast only
the shadows of them.”

11. To the same purpose, saith St. Chrysostom, “Many who have
not the true faith, yet flourish in works of mercy; but the chief work is
lacking, to believe in him whom God hath sent. So soon as a man
hath faith, he shall flourish in good works. For faith is full of good
works, and nothing is good without faith. They that shine in good
works without faith, are like dead men who have goodly and precious
tombs. Faith cannot be but naked without good works, for then it is
no true faith; and when it is joined to works, yet it is above the works.
For as men first have life, and after are nourished; so must our faith
in Christ go before, and after be nourished with good works. And life
may be without nourishment, but nourishment can’t be without life. A
man must needs be nourished by good works, but first he must have
faith. He that doth good works, yet without faith, he hath no life. I can
shew a man that by faith without works lived and came to heaven:
but without faith never man had life. The thief that was hanged when
Christ suffered, did believe only; and the most merciful God justified
him. Faith by itself saved him; but works by themselves never
justified any man.”
 12. The third thing to be noted of true faith is, what good works it
doth bring forth. And this Christ himself hath plainly declared, If thou
wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. So that we are taught
by Christ’s own mouth, that the works of the commandments of God
are the true works of faith, the very way that doth lead to everlasting
life.

13. Wherefore as ye have any regard for everlasting life, apply

yourselves above all things to read and hear God’s word; mark
diligently what his commandments are, and with all your endeavour
follow the same. First, you must have an assured faith in God, and
give yourselves wholly unto him; love him in prosperity and adversity,
and dread to offend him evermore. Then for his sake, love all men,
friends and foes, because they are his creatures and image, and
redeemed by Christ as ye are. Cast in your mind how you may do
good unto all men, unto your power, and hurt none. Obey all your
superiors and governors; serve your masters faithfully and diligently;
disobey not your fathers and mothers, but honour, help, and please
them to your power. Oppress not, kill not, beat not, neither slander
nor hate any man: but love all men, speak well of all men, help and
succour every man as you may, yea, even your enemies that hate
you, that speak evil of you, and hurt you. Take no man’s goods, nor
covet your neighbour’s goods; but be content with your own, and
bestow them charitably, as need requireth. Flee all idolatry,
witchcraft, perjury; commit no manner of adultery, fornication, or
other unchastity in will or deed. And labouring continually in thus
keeping the commandments, which, wrought in faith, God hath
ordained to be the path-way unto heaven, you shall not fail to come
to that everlasting life, where you shall live in glory with God for ever.
 An Abridgment of the

PILGRIM’s PROGRESS
From this W o r l d

To that which is to come.

A S I walked through the wilderness of this world, I laid me down

to sleep, and as I slept, I dreamed; and behold, I saw a man
cloathed with rags, standing with his face from his house, a book in
his hand, and a great burthen upon his back. I looked and saw him
open the book and read therein; and as he read he wept and
trembled: And not being able longer to contain, he broke out, saying,
What shall I do to be saved?

In this plight he went home, and refrained himself as long as he

could, that his wife and children might not perceive his distress. But
his trouble so increased that he soon burst out, “O my dear wife, and
you the children of my bowels, I am undone by reason of this
burthen which lieth so hard upon me. Moreover, I am certainly
informed, that this our city will shortly be destroyed with fire from
heaven; in which overthrow we shall all miserably perish, except
some way of escape be found.” At this they were sore amazed; not
that they believed what he said, but because they thought him
distempered in his head. However, hoping sleep might settle him
again, they in all haste got him to bed.
 But the night was as grievous to him as the day. Instead of
sleeping, he spent it in sighs and tears. And in the morning, when
they asked him “how he did” he told them, “worse and worse.” They
then thought to drive away his distemper by harsh and surly carriage
to him. Sometimes they would deride, sometimes chide, and
sometimes quite neglect him. Wherefore he began to retire more to
his chamber, to pray for them, and to bemoan his own misery. He
would also walk solitary in the fields, sometimes reading, and
sometimes praying. And thus for some days he spent his time.

Now I saw, upon a time when he was walking in the fields, that he
was, as he was wont, reading his book; and as he read, he burst out
as before, saying, What must I do to be saved?

I saw also, that he looked this way and that way as if he would
run; yet he stood still, because (as I perceived) he could not tell
which way to go. I looked then and saw a man, called Evangelist,
coming to him, who asked, “Wherefore dost thou cry?”

He answered, “Sir I perceive by the book in my hand, that I am

condemned to die, and after that to come to judgment. And I find I
am not willing to do the first, nor able to do the second.”

Then said Evangelist, “why not willing to die?” The man

answered, because I fear that this burden which is on my back will
sink me lower than the grave. And, Sir, if I am not fit to go to prison, I
am not fit to go to judgment.”

“But said Evangelist, if this be thy condition, why standest thou

still?” He answered, “because I know not whither to go.” Then said
Evangelist, pointing over a wide field, “do you see yonder little gate?
Go up directly to it and knock; and it shall be told thee what thou
shalt do.”

So I saw in my dream, that the man began to run. He had not run
far, before his wife and children perceiving it, began to cry after him
to return: But he stopped his ears and ran on, crying, Life, life!
eternal life, without once looking behind him.
 The neighbours also came out, and as he ran some mocked,
others threatened, and some called to him to return. And of these,
two resolved to fetch him back by force; the name of the one was
Obstinate, of the other ♦ Pliable. He was now got a good distance
from them; however, in a little time they overtook him. Then said the
man, “Neighbours, wherefore are you come?” They said, “To
persuade you to go back with us.” But he said, “That cannot be; you
dwell in the city of Destruction, the place also where I was born. And
if you die there, you will sink into a place that burns with fire and
brimstone. Be content, good neighbours, and go along with me.”

♦ “Pliablel” replaced with “Pliable”

What, said Obstinate, and leave our friends and all our comforts
behind us?

Yes, said Christian, (that was his name) for all these are not
worthy to be compared with the least part of what I seek; and if you
will go with me, there is enough and to spare.

Obstinate. What are the things you seek, since you leave all the
world to find them?

Christian. I seek an inheritance, incorruptible, undefiled, and that

fadeth not away?

Obstinate. Tush, away with your cant. Will you go back with us or
no?

Christian. No, not I. I have put my hand to the plough.

Obstinate. Come then, neighbour, let us go home without him.

There is a company of these crazy coxcombs, that when they get a
fancy by the end, are wiser in their own eyes than seven men that
can render a reason.
 Pliable. Don’t revile. Who knows but what he says is true? I have
almost a mind to go with him.

Obstinate. What more fools still? Come back, come back. Who
knows whither a madman may lead you?

Christian. Nay, but come with me, to the glory which shall be
revealed. And if you believe not me, read here in this book, the truth
of which is confirmed by the blood of him that made it.

Pliable. Neighbour Obstinate, I think I will go with this good man,

and cast in my lot with him.

Obstinate. Then get you gone. I will e’en go home. I will be no

companion for such whimsical fellows.

Now I saw in my dream, that when Obstinate was gone back,

Christian and Pliable went on talking together.

Pliable. Come neighbour, since we are alone, tell me farther what

the things are to which we are going.

Christian. I can better conceive than speak them. There is a

kingdom that cannot be moved, a house eternal in the heavens,
where we shall shine as the firmament, and as the stars for ever and
ever.

Pliable. And what company shall we have there?

Christian. There will be an innumerable company of angels, ten

thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of saints, of holy men,
out of every kindred and people, and nation. There we shall see
those who were cut in pieces, burnt with fire, eaten with beasts, for
the love they bore to the Lord of the place; having now overcome
sin, and death, and pain, and put on immortality as a garment.

Pliable. Glad am I to hear of these things. Come on let us mend

our pace.
 Now I saw in my dream, that they drew nigh to a slough that was
in the midst of the plain, (it was called Despond) and being heedless,
they both suddenly fell in. “Ah, neighbour, said Pliable, where are we
now?” Truly, said Christian, I do not know. At this Pliable was much
offended, and said, “Is this the happiness you talked of all this while?
If we have such ill speed at setting out, what may we not expect
before our journey’s end? If I get out hence with my life, you shall
have the brave country alone for me.” And with that he gave a
desperate struggle or two and got out of the mire on the side next his
own house. So away he went, and Christian saw him no more.

Wherefore Christian was left in the slough alone; but still he

struggled toward that side which was farthest from his own house,
yet could not get out, because of his burthen. But I beheld a man
come to him, whose name was Help, and asked, “What he did
there.”

Christian. Sir, I was directed to go by this way to yonder gate; and

as I went, I fell in here.

Then said he, “Give me thy hand.” So he gave him his hand, and
he drew him out, and set him on firm ground.

But Christian had not gone far, before one met him, who was
crossing over the plain. The gentleman’s name was Worldly
Wiseman. Having some knowledge of Christian by report, (for his
leaving the city of Destruction was noised far and near) he began
thus:

World. How now good fellow, whither away?

Christian. Sir, I am going to yonder little gate.

World. Wilt thou hearken to me, if I give thee counsel?

Christian. Yea, if it be good, I will.

 World. I counsel thee then, get rid of that burthen with all speed,
else thou wilt never be settled in thy mind.

Christian. That is what I seek; but get it off myself I cannot: nor is
there any man in our country can take it off.

World. Who bid you go this way to be rid of it?

Christian. One that appeared to me, a great and honourable

person. His name I think, is Evangelist.

World. Beshrew him for his counsel. There is not a more

dangerous or troublesome way in the world than this. Hear me; I am
older than thou. Thou art like to meet in the way thou now goest,
weariness, painfulness, nakedness, hunger, peril, sword; death itself,
and what not?

Christian. Sir, this burden is worse than all these. I care not what I
meet with, so I get rid of this.

World. How camest thou by it at first?

Christian. By reading this book.

World. I thought so. So it has fared with other weak men; who,
meddling with things too high for them, suddenly fall into distraction,
and run desperate ventures to obtain they know not what.

Christian. I know what I would obtain. It is ease from my burthen.

World. Hadst thou but patience to hear, I could direct thee to

obtain that, without running into any of these dangers.

Christian. Pray, Sir, open this secret to me.

World. Why, in yonder village there lives a gentleman, whose

name is Legality, a very judicious man, and of good credit and
fashion: he has helped abundance of men off with such burthens as
thine are.
 Christian. Sir, which is my way to his house?

World. You must go by yonder high hill, and the first house you
come at is his.

So Christian turned out of his way. But when he was got hard by
the hill, it hung so much over the way, that he was afraid to venture
on, lest it should fall upon his head. Wherefore he stood still, and
knew not what to do. Likewise his burthen seemed heavier than
before. There came also flashes of fire out of the hill, that made him
afraid he should be burnt: insomuch that he now quaked for fear, and
was sorry he came out of his way. And with that he saw Evangelist
coming to meet him, at the sight of whom he blushed for shame: so
he came up to him, and with a severe countenance said.

Evangelist. What dost thou here? To which he knew not what to

answer, but stood speechless before him.

Evangelist. Art thou not the man whom I found crying without the
walls of the city of Destruction?

Christian. Yes, Sir, I am.

Evangelist. Did I not direct thee to the little gate? How is it that
thou art so quickly turned aside?

Christian. I met a gentleman who told me, I might find one in

yonder village that could take off my burthen.

Then said Evangelist, stand still a little that I may tell thee the
words of the Lord. So he stood trembling. Then Evangelist said, See
that ye refuse not him that speaketh: for if they escaped not who
refused him that spoke on earth, much more shall not we escape, if
we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven: for the just shall
live by faith; but if he draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in
him.
 Then Christian fell down at his feet as dead. But Evangelist
caught him by the right-hand, and said, All manner of sins and
blasphemies shall be forgiven unto men: be not faithless but
believing. At this his spirit a little revived, and he stood up trembling
before Evangelist.

Then Evangelist said, Give more earnest heed unto the things
that I shall tell thee of. There are three things in the counsel of the
man that met thee, which thou must utterly abhor.

1. His turning thee out of the way.

2. His labouring to make the cross odious to thee.

3. His setting thy feet in the way that leadeth to death.

First, Thou must abhor his turning thee out of the way; for this is
to reject the counsel of God, seeing the Lord saith, Strive to enter in
at the strait gate, the gate to which I sent thee.

Secondly, Abhor his labouring to make the cross odious to thee;

for thou art to prefer it before the treasures of Egypt. Besides the
Lord hath said, If any man come after me, and hate not his father
and mother, and wife and children, and brethren and sisters, yea,
and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple. The doctrine
therefore which teacheth to hate or shun the cross, thou must utterly
abhor.

Thou must, lastly, abhor his setting thy feet in the way that
leadeth to death. For he to whom thou wast sent, legality by name, is
the son of the bondwoman: and this is mount Sinai, which gendereth
unto bondage, and unto death eternal. He cannot free any man of
his burthen: nor is it possible he should; for by the works of the law
shall no flesh living be justified.
 After this Evangelist called aloud to the heavens for the
confirmation of what he had said. And there came words and fire out
of the mountain. The words were these, As many as are of the works
of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one
that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the
law to do them.

Now Christian looked for nothing but death, and cried out with a
bitter cry: nevertheless, turning to Evangelist, he said, “Sir, Is there
any hope? May my sin be forgiven? May I yet go back, and enter in
at that gate? Shall I not be sent away with shame?”

Then Evangelist said, “Thy sin is great; yet it may be forgiven; the
man at the gate will let thee in: but take heed thou turn not aside
again, lest if his wrath be kindled, yea, but a little, thou perish from
the way.”

So he went on with haste; neither spoke he to any by the way. He

went as one treading on forbidden ground; and could not think
himself safe, till he got into the way, out of which he had turned
before. He then went on with all his might till he came to the gate;
over which was written, Knock, and it shall be opened unto you. He
knocked therefore more than once or twice. At last there came a
grave person to the gate, named Goodwill, who asked, “Who was
there?”

Christian. Here is a poor burthened sinner. I come from the city of

destruction, and am going to Mount Zion; and I understand I am to
go thro’ this gate, if you are willing to let me in.

I am willing with all my heart, said he, and with that he opened
the gate.
 When Christian was stepping in, the other pulled him suddenly.
Then said Christian, What means that? He replied, a little way off is
a strong castle, of which Beelzebub is the captain; from whence he
continually shoots at those who come to this gate, if haply they may
die before they can enter in. Then said Christian, “I rejoice and
tremble.”

Goodwill. But who directed you hither?

Christian. One named Evangelist, who said, that you would tell
me what I must do.

Goodwill. An open door is set before thee, and no man can shut
it. But how is it thou art come alone?

Christian. One of my neighbours came with me a little way; but

then he was discouraged, and went back; and I also soon after
turned aside, to go in the way of death. So that, had not Evangelist
met me again, I had never come hither. And O! what a favour is this
to me, that I am suffered to enter here!

Goodwill. We make no objections against any. Whatever they

have done before they came, if they knock, the gate is opened to
them. Him that cometh, we in no wise cast out.

But come with me, and I will teach thee concerning the road.
Dost thou see this narrow way? That is the way thou must go. It was
cast up by the patriarchs, prophets, Christ and his apostles.

Christian. But are there no ways that turn out of this?

Goodwill. Yes, many; but they are crooked and wide. The right
way only is strait and narrow. Go on therein, till thou comest to the
house of the interpreter, and he will shew thee excellent things.

So Christian went on till he came to the house; where he

knocked, and asked for the master of the house. To whom, when he
came, he spoke thus.
 Sir, I am a man that am come from the city of Destruction, and
am going to mount Zion. And I was informed by him at the gate, that
if I called here, you would shew me excellent things.

Then said the Interpreter, “Come in, and I will shew thee that
which will be profitable to thee.” So he took him by the hand, and led
him into a large parlour that was full of dust. After a while he called
for a man to sweep; which he had no sooner begun to do, than the
dust so abundantly flew about, that Christian was almost choaked.
Then the Interpreter said to a damsel, “Bring hither water, and
sprinkle the room.” After which it was easily swept and cleansed.

This parlour, said the Interpreter to Christian, is the heart of a

natural man. The dust is his original sin, and inward corruptions, of
every kind. He that first began to sweep is the law; she that sprinkled
it, is the gospel. Now whereas thou sawest, that by his sweeping, the
dust was only raised, and the room not cleansed at all; this is to
shew thee, that the law, instead of cleansing the heart from sin, doth
revive and increase it in the soul. For, by the law is only the
knowledge of sin; but not deliverance from it.

Again, Thou sawest the damsel sprinkle the room; after which it
was cleansed with pleasure: this is to shew thee, that when the
gospel comes into the heart, sin is easily subdued; and the soul
made clean thro’ faith, and fit for the king of glory to inhabit.

He then led me into a place, where was a fire burning against a

wall, and one continually casting water upon it, yet could he not
quench it, but the flame rose higher than before.

This fire, said he, is the work of grace that is wrought in a

believing heart. He that casts water upon it is the devil. Yet can he
not quench it, for the reason thou shalt now see. So he carried him
to the other side of the wall, where was a man with a vessel of oil in
his hand, out of which he continually cast into the fire, Then said
Christian, What means this?
 The Interpreter answered, This is Christ, who continually, with the
oil of his grace, maintains the work already begun in the heart, so
that the devil cannot quench it. And he stands behind the wall, to
shew it is hard for the tempted to see how this work is maintained in
his soul.

He then took him by the hand, and led him into a pleasant place,
where was a stately palace: on the top of which were certain persons
walking, who were cloathed all in gold. At the door below stood a
great company of men, desirous to go in, but yet afraid. For in the
door-way stood many armed men, to keep it, and drive all back. At
last a man of a stout countenance came up, drew his sword, put a
helmet on his head, and rushed into the midst of the armed men,
who fell upon him with all their force. But after receiving and giving
many wounds, he cut his way through them all, and went in. Then
was heard a pleasant voice from within saying,

Come in, soldier of Christ, come in:

Eternal glory thou shalt win!

I verily think, said Christian, I know the meaning of this; now then
let me go hence.

Stay, said the Interpreter, till I have shewed thee a little more.
Then he took him by the hand again, and led him into a dark room,
where sat a man in an iron cage; his eyes were fixed on the ground,
his hands folded together, and he sighed as if he would break his
heart.

Then said Christian, “What art thou?” He replied, I am a man of

despair: I am so fast in prison that I cannot get forth.

Christian. But how camest thou there?