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Full Download Become Itil 4 Foundation Certified in 7 Days Understand and Prepare For The Itil Foundation Exam With Real Life Examples 2Nd Edition Abhinav Krishna Kaiser Ebook Online Full Chapter PDF
Full Download Become Itil 4 Foundation Certified in 7 Days Understand and Prepare For The Itil Foundation Exam With Real Life Examples 2Nd Edition Abhinav Krishna Kaiser Ebook Online Full Chapter PDF
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Abhinav Krishna Kaiser
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Chapter 1 - 25 minutes
Chapter 2 - 47 minutes
On the first day of your ITIL 4 Foundation journey you will get into
the overview, history, and differences between ITIL 4 and ITIL V3, and
you will learn DevOps concepts and processes. The details of the ITIL
Foundation certification examination are covered, and the other ITIL
certifications on offer are discussed.
© Abhinav Krishna Kaiser 2021
A. K. Kaiser, Become ITIL® 4 Foundation Certified in 7 Days
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6361-7_1
ITIL is in its fourth incarnation, and the new one has something exciting
to offer. It not only offers a new variant of a framework to manage
services but provides a fresh perspective into the world of services.
This is especially interesting because the boundary between the
development stage and operations stage is not razor thin but rather has
vanished into thin air. With the absence of a barrier to distinguish the
activities surrounding development stages and operational activities,
the relevance of ITIL as a framework to manage operations has been
scrutinized. The answer is a new version of ITIL that is tailored for the
digital age.
ITIL is widely employed across IT organizations in various levels of
maturity and implementation. It is the standard today to run IT
operations. With the advent of the digital age and DevOps, the
principles and the core understanding of management of services were
somewhat shaken. A new version of ITIL was conceived to adapt to the
fast-changing IT world and to keep the principal service management
framework relevant.
In fact, several eulogies were written to extol the service
management framework that stood guard for at least two and a half
decades. It was felt that in this age of digital everything, the service-
focused ITIL V3 was obsolete.
Why ITIL 4?
ITIL has come a long way. It started out being Information Technology
Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and then moved into the realm of all
things service management. Now in its fourth avatar as the digital ITIL,
the framework is making a strong comeback.
When ITIL 4 was announced in 2017, more people feared than
rejoiced. The primary concern was the certifications that people held.
Traditionally, ITIL certifications become redundant with the advent of
newer versions, and the bridge course is generally a bridge too far. “You
might as well study the whole thing instead” was the talk of the town.
Apart from the certification pangs, others who knew the industry
and where it was headed felt a tad happy to see a refresh. They felt that
the refresh was late by at least 4 to 5 years; nevertheless, better late
than never.
There was a question that everybody had. ITIL V3 was so much
more successful than anything that was out there. Every organization
practicing service management opted for it without a blink of an eye.
The framework was rugged; nonprescriptive; technology neutral; and
free to be adopted, adapted, and implemented. Why was a new
framework needed? The answer is simple: it was out of touch with the
times.
Emergence of DevOps
There was an explosion that made tradition get locked up in a box, and
two distinct parts of IT had to come together under the same umbrella.
Development and operations had always been at loggerheads and had
been the IT industry’s favorite blame game. If too many incidents were
reported, the development side of things was blamed. If resolution took
too long, the developers pegged it on the operational inefficiencies.
While the industry had accepted living with this arrangement, Patrick
Debois had other plans. He proposed that all the inefficiencies could be
put to rest and synergy amplified by asking development and
operations to work as a single unit. No more blame games and no more
passing the buck; only collaboration, he surmised.
Not that the industry fell all over the DevOps methodology when it
was first socialized. But when it got into the biggies such as Accenture
and IBM, every other company wanted to get into this model. In fact,
running projects in a DevOps model became a sales pitch. The
customers too wanted the new shiny thing and headed towards the
DevOps methodology.
Underneath the game of development and operations, there was a
major shift that the IT industry witnessed. It was no longer project
management and service management that drove the combined parts
that came together. It was rather replaced by product management. So,
everything that we knew about project and service management
became obsolete and there was hunger for the digital ways of thinking.
It came in Agile flavors in the place of project management; then there
was Lean that promised cutbacks and minimalism; and finally, on the
operations front, there were hubbubs that operations was no longer
needed if the product management was done brilliantly. They said that
if you provide a perfect product without defects, then what incidents
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of a word was written as the first letter of the next. According to the
Sanskrit plan, “the dog is mad” would be rendered “the do gi sma d-.”
Obviously, there is something unnaturally regular, a systematic
artificiality, about such a scheme. Love of system cropped out
otherwise. The Hindus devised a new symbol—mainly by
differentiation of old ones—for every sound that they had and
Semitic lacked. Thus they doubled the number of their letters. Then
they rearranged their order on a phonetic and logical basis. All
sounds made against the back palate were brought into one group;
those formed against the fore-palate, gums, and teeth came after;
the lip sounds last. Within each of the groups the letters followed one
another in a fixed order according to their method of production—
voiceless stops always first, nasals always last.
The result of these innovations was that the Hindu alphabets
diverged much more from the Semitic original than did ours. This
perhaps was really to be expected, since writing entered India by
long leaps between peoples that were not in intimate relations. Also,
by the time the alphabet first reached them, the Hindus, in the
isolation of their remote peninsula, had already worked out an
advanced and unique type of civilization. This fact must have
predisposed them to make over any imported invention in conformity
with their established habits.
The table on the opposite page gives a brief characterization of these four sub-
culture-areas.
153. The Shaping of a Problem
So far we have been discriminating, that is, looking for characteristic
differences. On the other hand, there has always existed a consensus of
impression, among experienced as well as hasty observers, that a certain
likeness runs through the culture of most the tribes of California, northern,
central, and southern. With scarcely an exception they were unwarlike; nearly all
of them made excellent baskets, but were deficient in wood-working. Obviously it
is necessary to reconcile these uniformities with the peculiarities that distinguish
the four regional types or sub-culture-areas, as well as to account for the
peculiarities.
Let us simplify the problem by considering only one aspect of the four native
cultures instead of the whole cultures. In this way there will be more likelihood of
making a substantial beginning; any results obtained from the example can be
subsequently checked from other aspects of the cultures to see if the findings are
broadly representative. Further, let us arrange the items of information that are
available on this one aspect of culture, not haphazardly, nor mechanically as
under an alphabetic classification, nor in the sequence in which authors have
published their observations, but naturally, or according to some principle that is
likely to work out into an interpretation. Since part of the problem is the relation of
the uniform features to the peculiar ones, a promising order will be to put at one
end of the line or series of data the most universal features, and at the other the
most particular or localized ones.
Let us select religion as that part of native culture to be examined, and limit this
still farther by eliminating from consideration, for the time being, all forms of
religion except public rituals, which among Indians are frequently accompanied or
signalized by sacred dances. We may forget, for the moment, private rites,
individual sacrifices, superstitions and taboos, medicine men, myths, and the like,
and direct attention to dances made by groups of people, or the obvious
equivalents of such dances, and ritual acts definitely associated with the dances
or the common weal.
Northwestern Lower
Central California Southern
California Colorado
(California-Great California
(North Pacific River
Basin) (Southwest)
Coast) (Southwest)
Houses Planks Earth or thatch Earth or thatch Earth
Sweat- Planks Earth Earth None
houses
Head-gear Women’s Men’s head-nets Women’s caps None
caps
Foot-wear Moccasins None Sandals or Sandals
moccasins
Women’s Deer-skin Deer-skin or fibers Fibers Fibers
skirts
Basketry Twined Twined and coiled Mostly coiled Almost
absent
Pottery None None Undecorated Decorated
Boats Dug-out Rush rafts Joined planks Rush rafts
canoes
Paddles Single-bladed Single-bladed Double-bladed Poles
Staple food Salmon Acorns Acorns and Maize
fish
Ring-and-pin Salmon Deer vertebræ Acorn cups Pumpkin rind
game vertebræ
Shell money Dentalia Clam disks Clam disks Almost none
Bows Sinew- Sinew-backed Plain Plain
backed
War clubs Edged stone None Knobbed wood Knobbed
wood
Social None Dual Dual and Multiple
divisions multiple
Shamans Women Men Men Men
Origin legend Previous race Creator Birth from Birth from
Earth Earth
Religious None Kuksu Jimsonweed None
society
Dances Wealth Spirit Simple dances Dream
displays impersonations singings
Choice of this phase of native culture is not quite random; ritual ordinarily is
rather freer from the complications caused by natural environment than most
other institutions and customs. Had industrial arts, for instance, been selected as
the point of attack, it might be imagined that certain tribes made pottery, and
others did not, because of the presence or absence of suitable clay in their
respective habitats; or perhaps that a particular weave of basketry occurred
universally because this weave followed more or less directly from the physical
properties of some plant material that abounded everywhere in the state. On the
other hand, when tribes do or do not make dances in honor of their divinities, or
when they do or do not practise an elaborate mourning for their dead, these are
customs into which the influence of natural environment can scarcely enter, since
all peoples believe in spirits and suffer the loss of relatives.