Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Ministry of Popular Power of Education

University Institute of Technology of Venezuela
Caracas, Venezuela

CONNECTORS

Teacher´s Name: Student´s name:

Lic. José Ramón García Bustillos Yuliana Rosales
I.C 30.965.562
Francisco Gómez
I.C 17390079
Abraham Machado
I.C 29512806
Carrer: Computing

Caracas, 30th. September 2023 (an example)

 Index
Home page……………………………………………………………………………….1
Index……………………………………………………………………………………..2
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………...3
Development…………………………………………………………………………….4
English Connectors………………………………………………………………………5
Types of connectors with examples…………………………………………………...5,6

Addition Connectors……………………………………………………………………6

Adversative connectors………………………………………………………………….7

Causal connectors………………………………………………………………………..8
Comparative connectors…………………………………………………………………9
Concessive connectors…………………………………………………………………..9
Conclusive connectors………………………………………………………………….10
Conditional connectors…………………………………………………………………10
Continuative connectors………………………………………………………………..11
Copulative connectors………………………………………………………………….11
Disjunctive connectors…………………………………………………………………12
Functional connectors………………………………………………………………….13
Sequential connectors………………………………………………………………….13
Connectors to give examples…………………………………………………………..14
Connectors to generalize……………………………………………………………….14
Connectors to clarify…………………………………………………………………...15
Connectors to emphasize………………………………………………………………15
Connectors to conclude………………………………………………………………..16
Connectors to state certainties…………………………………………………………16
Positive and negative connectors………………………………………………………17
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………18
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………19
Introduction
 English Connectors
English connectors are words or phrases that can be used to relate two or more ideas.
There is a great diversity of connectors because there are many ways to relate them, i.e.,
sentences can be joined to complement each other, contradict each other, state a cause
or a conclusion, among other functions.

Their importance lies in the fact that they give variety and complexity to the oral or
written expression of those who use them. Therefore, they are especially important in
academic, work or formal environments in general, without forgetting that they can also
be used in informal environments such as a conversation between friends. Among their
advantages, we can also mention that they provide consistency and coherence to the
linguistic discourse, both in its written and oral form.

Types of connectors with examples

English connectors are divided into 19 types:

1. Addition connectors 11. Functional connectors

2. Adversative connectors
3. Causal connectors
4. Comparative connectors
5. Concessive connectors
6. Conclusive connectors
7. Conditional connectors
8. Continuative connectors
9. Copulative connectors
10. Disjunctive connectors
12. Sequential connectors
13. Connectors to give examples
14. Connectors to generalize
15. Connectors to clarify
16. Connectors to emphasize
17. Connectors to conclude
18. Connectors to state certainties
19. Positive and negative connectors

Addition connectors

Objective: To complement ideas, add information.

And: Y Second: En segundo lugar

Then / Next: Después / Luego Also / Too: También

As well as: Además de Moreover / Furthermore: Además

In fact / As a matter of fact: De hecho Actually: En realidad / De hecho

Anyway: En cualquier caso Besides: Además / Aparte

By the way: A propósito / Por cierto In other words: En otras palabras

That is to say: O sea / Es decir In addition: Además

Such as: Como / Por ejemplo Like: Como / Por ejemplo

Above all: Sobre todo Or rather: O / O mejor

Examples:

 He was crying, then her mom appeared

 She plays the piano as well as the violin, guitar and drums

2. Adversative connectors

Objective: To express contrast between ideas

But: Pero Nonetheless / Nevertheless: No

obstante

However: Sin embargo Yet / Even so: Sin embargo / Aun así

Still: De todas maneras Instead: En lugar de

Whereas / While: Mientras que On the contrary: Al contrario

On the other hand: Por otro lado In other matters: Por otro lado

Nor: Ni Notwithstanding: A pesar de que

While: Mientras que

Examples:
  I like your dress, but I wouldn’t pay for it
 She has a lot of work. On the other hand, she really enjoys it

3. Causal connectors:

Objective: To make known the reason or beginning of something.

Because: Porque Because of: Debido a

For: Porque Since: Puesto que

As: Puesto que Due to / Owing to: Debido a

In order to: Para / Con tal de By means of: Por medio de

For lack of: Por falta de Thanks to: Gracias a

This is the reason why: Esa es la razón This is why: Es por eso
de

For this reason: Por esto

Examples:

 He is sick because yesterday he was playing in the rain

 Teacher, I’ve lost my computer, this is the reason why I didn’t do my
homework ç

4. Comparative connectors

Objective: To distinguish differences and similarities of people, places or

things.
As: Como As… as: Tan… como

Not as / So… as: No tan… como As if / As though: Como si

Than: Que

Examples:

 When I grow up, I want to be as strong as you, mum!

 He is so tall than he can’t cross through the doorway

5. Concessive connectors

Objective: To qualify an idea or to make known a negative aspect of it or with

which one does not agree.

Although / Though / Even Despite / In spite of: A pesar de

though: Aunque

Even if: Incluso si Not even if: Ni siquiera si

Regardless of: Sin importar

Examples:

 Although I have never used that software, I can learn how to use it
 Even if you train everyday, you can’t go to the next Olympics
 6. Concluding connectors

Objective: They are used to finish or round off an idea.

Therefore: Por lo tanto Hence: De ahí

Thus: Por lo tanto / Así So: Entonces

Consequently: Por lo tanto / En

consecuencia

Examples:

 You have shown a lot of talent and compromise in this job, and
consequently you have won a promotion
 I have to look after my little brother, so I can’t go with you

7. Conditional connectors

Objective: To express a condition for the other idea to happen.

If / Whether: Sí Unless: A menos que

Provided / Providing / As long In case: En caso

as: Mientras que / Siempre que

Examples:

 If you improve your grades, we will go to Paris

 Unless you change your behaviour, your flatmate will be angry with you
8. Continuative connectors

Objective: To give more information about the main idea

Then: Entonces Moreover / Furthermore /

Besides: Además / Por otra parte / Para
colmo

In addition: Además de Not only… but also: No solo… sino

que también / Incluso

What’s more: Más

Examples:

 Not only did she saved the puppy, but she also took it to the vet
 My parents gave me a new bicycle, in addition to my new computer

9. Copulative connectors

Objective: To join two ideas that complement each other.

And: Y Not only… but also: No solo… sino

que también

Not only… but… as well: No sólo… Both… and: Tanto… como

sino… también

No sooner… than: Apenas... cuando Besides: Además

Moreover: Además In addition to: Además de

Furthermore: Es más
Examples:

 They took all the pancakes and then ran into the garden
 Both my sister and my cousin are travelling Europe

10. Disjunctive connectors

Objective: To give different options or consequences to an idea.

Or: O Either… or: O… o

Neither… nor: No… ni Wether… or: Si… o

Or else: O sino Otherwise: De otro modo

Not only… but… as well: No

sólo… sino… también

Examples:

 She can start working at that company or go to study her PH.D. in the
university
 Neither your dog nor her cat can behave themselves in this house

11. Functional connectors

Objective: To report the cause of an event, either as a consequence or as a condition.

So: Entonces So that: Para que

So as to: Para que / De manera que So as not to: Para no

In order to: Para

Examples:

 In order to win the prize, he has been studying every night

 I did all my work and even yours, so you have to pay me double wait

12. Sequential connectors

Objetive: To list, describe step-by-step processes or give precise instructions.

First/firstly: primero/en primer lugar Second/secondly: segundo/en segundo

lugar

Next/then: seguidamente/luego After/afterwards: después de/más tarde

In the beginning / In the end: Al At first: al principio

principio / al final

Finally/eventually: finalmente/al final Last but not least: por último, si bien
no menos

At the same time: al mismo tiempo Joined: sumado a

Likewise: igualmente, al igual Meanwhile: Mientras tanto

Nowadays: hoy en día Afterwards: Después / Más tarde

Currently/at present/at the present A long time ago: hace mucho tiempo
time/now/these days: actualmente

In ancient times: en la antigüedad Not long ago: hace poco tiempo

In former times: en tiempos pasados Formerly: antiguamente

In the old days: en los viejos tiempos Last of all / Lastly: Por ultimo
Examples:

 You know?, not long ago, a monster lived in this house

 First, you have to crack the eggs; second, place them in the pan; and then
wait

13. Connectors to give examples

Objective: To reinforce a general idea with a particular case.

For example: Por ejemplo For instance: Por ejemplo

Such as: Tal como Like: Como

Apart from: Aparte de

Examples:

 He always supports me, for example, yesterday he helped me edit my

video
 Your daughter looks just like you when you were in highschool

14. Connectors to generalize

Objective: To balance an idea by means of its similarities.

Mostly: Generalmente/ Usualmente In general: En general

Examples:

 In general, all my students are smart and creative

 Mostly, I take a nap after eating

15. Connectors for clarification

Objective: To explain complex ideas with simpler ones.

That is to say: Es decir In other words: En otras palabras

i.e. (id est): Es decir

Examples:

 The CEO will go to a business travel in three days, that is on 1st

December
 I have the flu and a fever, in other words, I can’t go swimming

16. Emphasis connectors

Objective: To highlight an element of an idea or the idea in general.

 As a matter of fact: Por cierto / De Definitely: En efecto /
hecho Definitivamente

Obviously: Obviamente Above all: Sobre todo

Actually: De hecho Indeed: Es más / De hecho

In fact: De hecho

Examples:

 In fact, I can do that with my smartphone

 I obviously knew that, but I was testing you

17. Concluding connectors

Objective: To conclude and/or summarize an idea.

In conclusion: En conclusión To sum up: En resumen

In short: En resumen All in all: En suma, definitivamente,

después de todo

In brief: En resumen On the whole: En general

Therefore / Thus / Consequently: En So: Entonces

consecuencia / Por lo tanto

Hence: De ahí

Examples:

 For all these reasons, in conclusion, you have to repeat the year
 To sum up, all the tickets were sold in 15 minutes
18. Connectors to state certainties

Objective: To emphasize certainty about the existence of something.ç

Obviously: Obviamente Undoubtedly: Sin duda /

Indudablemente

Surely: Seguramente Indeed: Verdaderamente / En

realidad / En efecto

Apparently: Claramente / Es claro Possibly: Posiblemente

Examples:

 Surely, she will be here at 10:30

 You are indeed my best friend

19. Positive and negative connectors

Objective: To highlight the positive or negative side of a sentence.

Fortunately: Afortunadamente Unfortunately: Desafortunadamente /

Desgraciadamente

Sadly: Desgraciadamente / Tristemente

Examples:

 Sadly, I can only go out once I'm done working on this project
 He forgot his guitar, sadly, we couldn’t listen to his new songs
Conclusion
 Bibliography

Name: British Council

By English teachers
Link: https://www.britishcouncil.org.mx/blog/conectores-ingles
Date of publication: November 13, 2020