Instant Download Ebook of Examples in Structural Analysis 3Rd Edition William M C Mckenzie Online Full Chapter PDF

Examples in Structural Analysis, 3rd
Edition William M. C. Mckenzie

Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebookmeta.com/product/examples-in-structural-analysis-3rd-edition-william-m-
c-mckenzie/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...
Fundamentals of Structural Analysis Solution Manual 5th

edition Kenneth M. Leet
https://ebookmeta.com/product/fundamentals-of-structural-
analysis-solution-manual-5th-edition-kenneth-m-leet/
Structural Analysis in SI Units 10th Edition Hibbeler
https://ebookmeta.com/product/structural-analysis-in-si-
units-10th-edition-hibbeler/
Genetic Analysis of Complex Disease 3rd Edition William

K. Scott
https://ebookmeta.com/product/genetic-analysis-of-complex-
disease-3rd-edition-william-k-scott/
Foundations of Marketing William M Pride O C Ferrell
https://ebookmeta.com/product/foundations-of-marketing-william-m-
pride-o-c-ferrell/
Structural Analysis Fundamentals 1st Edition Ramez
Gayed
https://ebookmeta.com/product/structural-analysis-
fundamentals-1st-edition-ramez-gayed/
Introduction to Structural Analysis 1st Edition Podder
https://ebookmeta.com/product/introduction-to-structural-
analysis-1st-edition-podder/
Post Industrial Philadelphia Structural Changes in the

Metropolitan Economy William J. Stull
https://ebookmeta.com/product/post-industrial-philadelphia-
structural-changes-in-the-metropolitan-economy-william-j-stull/
Australian practical tax examples Mark C. Chapman
https://ebookmeta.com/product/australian-practical-tax-examples-
mark-c-chapman/
Intermediate Accounting: Reporting and Analysis, 3rd

Edition James M. Wahlen
https://ebookmeta.com/product/intermediate-accounting-reporting-
and-analysis-3rd-edition-james-m-wahlen/
Examples in Structural
Analysis
This third edition of Examples in Structural Analysis uses a step-by-step approach

and provides an extensive collection of fully worked and graded examples for a wide va-
riety of structural analysis problems. It presents detailed information on the methods of
solutions to problems and the results obtained. Also given within the text is a summary
of each of the principal analysis techniques inherent in the design process and where
appropriate, an explanation of the mathematical models used.
The text emphasises that software should only be used if designers have appropriate knowledge
and understanding of the mathematical assumptions, modelling and limitations inherent in the pro-
grams they use. It establishes the use of hand-methods for obtaining approximate solutions during
preliminary design and an independent check on the answers obtained from computer analysis.
What is New in the Third Edition:
A new chapter covers the analysis and design of cables and arches subjected to concen-
trated loads and uniformly distributed loads. For cables without or with simply sup-
ported pinned trusses or steel girder beams through equally spaced hangers, tension
forces, support reactions, sags and slopes in cables are determined. For two-pinned
or three-pinned arches with parabolic, arched and semi-circular shapes, axial forces,
radial shear forces and bending moments at various sections of arches are determined.
An existing chapter has been expanded to the construction and use of influence lines
for pin-pointed trusses and lattice girders. Also the chapter Direct Stiffness Methods
has been revisited and amended.
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group
http://taylorandfrancis.com
Examples in Structural
Analysis
Third Edition
William M. C. McKenzie
Binsheng Zhang
Third edition published 2023
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press

4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2023 William M. C. McKenzie & Binsheng Zhang
First edition published by CRC Press 2006

Second edition published by CRC Press 2013
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot as-
sume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have
attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders
if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please
write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or
utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including pho-
tocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission
from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the
Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are
not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions@tandf.co.uk
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for iden-
tification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: McKenzie, W. M. C. (William M. C.), author. | Zhang, Binsheng,

author.
Title: Examples in structural analysis / William M.C. McKenzie & Binsheng
Zhang.
Description: Third edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2023] | Includes
index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2022013528 | ISBN 9781032049366 (pbk) | ISBN
9781032049373 (hbk) | ISBN 9781003195245 (ebk)
Subjects: LCSH: Structural analysis (Engineering)
Classification: LCC TA645 .M385 2022 | DDC 624.1/71--dc23/eng/20220708
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022013528
ISBN: 978-1-032-04937-3 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-032-04936-6 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-19524-5 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman

by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
DOI: 10.1201/9781003195245
Publisher’s note: This book has been prepared from camera-ready copy provided by the authors.
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
About the Authors xvii
1. Structural Analysis and Design 1

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Equilibrium 1
1.3 Mathematical Modelling 4
1.3.1 Line Diagrams 4
1.3.2 Load Path 7
1.3.3 Foundations 8
1.4 Structural Loading 9
1.5 Statical Indeterminacy 11
1.5.1 Indeterminacy of Two-Dimensional Pin-Jointed Frames 11
1.5.2 Indeterminacy of Two-Dimensional Rigid-Jointed Frames 15
1.6 Structural Degrees-of-Freedom 18
1.6.1 Problems: Indeterminacy and Degrees-of-Freedom 21
1.6.2 Solutions: Indeterminacy and Degrees-of-Freedom 22
2. Material and Section Properties 23

2.1 Introduction 23
2.1.1 Simple Stress and Strain 23
2.1.2 Young’s Modulus (Modulus of Elasticity) − E 25
2.1.3 Secant Modulus − Es 25
2.1.4 Tangent Modulus − Et 25
2.1.5 Shear Rigidity or Modulus (Modulus of Rigidity) − G 26
2.1.6 Yield Strength 26
2.1.7 Ultimate Tensile Strength 26
2.1.8 Modulus of Rupture in Bending 26
2.1.9 Modulus of Rupture in Torsion 26
2.1.10 Poisson’s Ratio − υ 27
2.1.11 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion − α 27
2.1.12 Elastic Assumptions 27
2.2 Elastic Cross-Section Properties 28
2.2.1 Cross-Sectional Area 28
2.2.2 Centre of Gravity and Centroid 32
2.2.3 Problems: Cross-Sectional Area and Position of Centroid 38
2.2.4 Solutions: Cross-Sectional Area and Position of Centroid 39
2.2.5 Elastic Neutral Axes 40
2.2.6 Second Moment of Area − I and Radius of Gyration − i 41
2.2.6.1 The Parallel Axis Theorem 41
2.2.7 Elastic Section Modulus − Wel 43
v
vi Contents
2.2.8 Problems: Second Moments of Area and Elastic Section Moduli 45
2.2.9 Solutions: Second Moments of Area and Elastic Section Moduli 45
2.3 Plastic Cross-Section Properties 51
2.3.1 Stress-Strain Relationships 51
2.3.2 Plastic Neutral Axis 52
2.3.3 Evaluation of Plastic Moment of Resistance and Plastic Section Modulus
53
2.3.4 Shape Factor 54
2.3.5 Section Classification 54
2.3.5.1 Aspect Ratio 54
2.3.5.2 Type of Section 55
2.4 Example 2.1: Plastic Cross-Section Properties − Section 1 56
2.5 Problems: Plastic Cross-Section Properties 57
2.6 Solutions: Plastic Cross-Section Properties 58
3. Pin-Jointed Frames 62
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 Method of Sections 62
3.2.1 Example 3.1: Pin-Jointed Truss 62
3.3 Method of Joint Resolution 65
3.3.1 Problems: Method of Sections and Joint Resolution 67
3.3.2 Solutions: Method of Sections and Joint Resolution 69
3.4 Method of Tension Coefficients 93
3.4.1 Example 3.2: Two-Dimensional Plane Truss 94
3.4.2 Example 3.3: Three-Dimensional Space Truss 95
3.4.3 Problems: Method of Tension Coefficients 98
3.4.4 Solutions: Method of Tension Coefficients 101
3.5 Unit Load for Deflection 113
3.5.1 Strain Energy (Axial Load Effects) 113
3.5.2 Castigliano’s 2nd Theorem 114
3.5.3 Example 3.4: Deflection of a Pin-Jointed Truss 116
3.5.3.1 Fabrication Errors − Lack-of-Fit 120
3.5.3.2 Changes in Temperature 120
3.5.4 Example 3.5: Lack-of-Fit and Temperature Difference 120
3.5.5 Problems: Unit Load Method for Deflection of Pin-Jointed Frames 122
3.5.6 Solutions: Unit Load Method for Deflection of Pin-Jointed Frames 123
3.6 Unit Load Method for Singly Redundant Pin-Jointed Frames 135
3.6.1 Example 3.6: Singly Redundant Pin-Jointed Frame 1 135
3.6.2 Example 3.7: Singly Redundant Pin-Jointed Frame 2 137
3.6.3 Problems: Unit Load for Singly Redundant Pin-Jointed Frames 140
3.6.4 Solutions: Unit Load for Singly Redundant Pin-Jointed Frames 141
4. Beams 157
4.1 Statically Determinate Beams 157
4.1.1 Example 4.1: Beam with Point Loads 157
4.1.2 Shear Force Diagrams 159
Contents vii
4.1.3 Bending Moment Diagrams 163
4.1.4 Example 4.2: Beam with a Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL) 167
4.1.5 Example 4.3: Cantilever Beam 169
4.1.6 Problems: Statically Determinate Beams − Shear Force and Bending
Moment 170
4.1.7 Solutions: Statically Determinate Beams − Shear Force and Bending
Moment 173
4.2 McCaulay’s Method for the Deflection of Beams 183
4.2.1 Example 4.4: Beam with Point Loads 184
4.2.2 Example 4.5: Beam with Combined Point Loads and UDLs 186
4.3 Equivalent Uniformly Distributed Load Method for the Deflection of Beams 189
4.3.1 Problems: McCaulay’s and Equivalent UDL Methods for Deflection of
Beams 191
4.3.2 Solutions: McCaulay’s and Equivalent UDL Methods for Deflection of
Beams 192
4.4 The Principle of Superposition 202
4.4.1 Example 4.6: Superposition − Beam 1 203
4.5 Unit Load for Deflection of Beams 208
4.5.1 Strain Energy (Bending Load Effects) 208
4.5.2 Example 4.11: Deflection and Slope of a Uniform Cantilever 211
4.5.3 Example 4.12: Deflection and Slope of a Non-Uniform Cantilever 212
4.5.4 Example 4.13: Deflection and Slope of a Linearly Varying Cantilever
214
4.5.5 Example 4.14: Deflection of a Non-Uniform Simply-Supported Beam
216
4.5.6 Example 4.15: Deflection of a Frame and Beam Structure 218
4.5.7 Example 4.16: Deflection of a Uniform Cantilever Using Coefficients
221
4.5.8 Problems: Unit Load Method for Deflection of Beams and Frames 222
4.5.9 Solutions: Unit Load Method for Deflection of Beams and Frames 225
4.6 Statically Indeterminate Beams 252
4.6.1 Unit Load Method for Singly Redundant Beams 253
4.6.2 Example 4.17: Singly Redundant Beam 1 253
4.6.3 Example 4.18: Singly Redundant Beam 2 255
4.6.4 Problems: Unit Load Method for Singly Redundant Beams 258
4.6.5 Solutions: Unit Load Method for Singly Redundant Beams 259
4.7 Moment Distribution Method for Multi-Redundant Beams 269
4.7.1 Bending (Rotational) Stiffness 269
4.7.2 Carry-Over Moment 270
4.7.3 Pinned End 270
4.7.4 Free and Fixed Bending Moments 271
4.7.5 Example 4.19: Single-Span Encastré Beam 272
viii Contents
4.7.6 Propped Cantilevers 274
4.7.7 Example 4.20: Propped Cantilever 275
4.7.8 Distribution Factors 278
4.7.9 Application of the Method 279
4.7.10 Example 4.21: Three-Span Continuous Beam 280
4.7.11 Problems: Moment Distribution - Continuous Beams 289
4.7.12 Solutions: Moment Distribution - Continuous Beams 290
4.8 Redistribution of Moments 314
4.8.1 Example 4.22: Redistribution of Moments in a Two-Span Beam 314
4.9 Shear Force and Bending Moment Envelopes 317
5. Rigid-Jointed Frames 318

5.1 Rigid-Jointed Frames 318
5.1.1 Example 5.1: Statically Determinate Rigid-Jointed Frame 1 319
5.1.2 Example 5.2: Statically Determinate Rigid-Jointed Frame 2 323
5.1.3 Problems: Statically Determinate Rigid-Jointed Frames 328
5.1.4 Solutions: Statically Determinate Rigid-Jointed Frames 330
5.2 Unit Load Method for Singly Redundant Rigid-Jointed Frames 342
5.2.1 Example 5.3: Singly Redundant Rigid-Jointed Frame 344
5.2.2 Problems: Unit Load Method for Singly Redundant Rigid-Jointed
Frames 350
5.2.3 Solutions: Unit Load Method for Singly Redundant Rigid-Jointed
Frames 352
5.3 Moment Distribution for No-Sway Rigid-Jointed Frames 368
5.3.1 Example 5.4: No-Sway Rigid-Jointed Frame 1 370
5.3.2 Problems: Moment Distribution − No-Sway Rigid-Jointed Frames 376
5.3.3 Solutions: Moment Distribution − No-Sway Rigid-Jointed Frames 378
5.4 Moment Distribution for Rigid-Jointed Frames with Sway 415
5.4.1 Example 5.5: Rigid-Jointed Frame with Sway − Frame 1 417
5.4.2 Problems: Moment Distribution − Rigid-Jointed Frames with Sway 427
5.4.3 Solutions: Moment Distribution − Rigid-Jointed Frames with Sway 429
6. Buckling Instability 462

6.1 Introduction 462
6.1.1 Local Buckling 462
6.1.1.1 Class 1 Sections 464
6.1.1.5 Section Classification 466
6.1.2 Flexural Buckling 467
6.1.2.1 Short Elements 467
6.1.2.2 Slender Elements 468
6.1.2.3 Intermediate Elements 468
6.2 Secondary Stresses 469
6.2.1 Effect on Short Elements 470
Contents ix
6.2.2 Effect on Slender Elements 470
6.2.3 Effect on Intermediate Elements 470
6.3 Critical Stress (σcr) 470
6.3.1 Critical Stress for Short Columns 471
6.3.2 Critical Stress for Slender Columns 471
6.3.3 Euler Equation 471
6.3.4 Effective Buckling Length (LE) 473
6.3.5 Critical Stress for Intermediate Columns 475
6.3.6 Tangent Modulus Theorem 475
6.4 Perry-Robertson Formula 476
6.5 European Column Curves 479
6.5.1 Non-dimensional Slenderness 480
6.6 Example 6.1: Slenderness 487
6.7 Example 6.2: Rolled Universal Column Section 487
6.8 Example 6.3: Compound Column Section 490
6.9 Built-Up Compression Members 492
6.9.1 Shear Stiffness for Laced Columns 494
6.10 Example 6.4: Laced Built-Up Column 496
6.11 Problems: Buckling Instability 501
6.12 Solutions: Buckling Instability 504
7. Direct Stiffness Method 516

7.1 Direct Stiffness Method of Analysis 516
7.2 Element Stiffness Matrix [k] 516
7.2.1 Beam Elements with Two Degrees-of-Freedom 517
7.2.2 Beam Elements with Four Degrees-of-Freedom 518
7.2.3 Local Co-Ordinate System 523
7.2.4 Beams Elements with Six Degrees-of-Freedom 523
7.3 Structural Stiffness Matrix [K] 525
7.4 Structural Load Vector [P] 528
7.5 Structural Displacement Vector [∆] 530
7.6 Element Displacement Vector [δ] 530
7.7 Element Force Vector [F]Total 531
7.8 Example 7.1: Two-Span Beam 531
7.9 Example 7.2: Rigid-Jointed Frame 1 537
7.10 Transformation Matrices 546
7.11 Example 7.3: Rigid-Jointed Frame 2 550
7.12 Example 7.4: Pin-Jointed Frame 564
7.13 Problems: Direct Stiffness Method 572
7.14 Solutions: Direct Stiffness Method 574
8. Plastic Analysis 623

8.1.1 Partial Collapse 624
8.1.2 Conditions for Full Collapse 624
8.2 Static Method for Continuous Beams 625
x Contents
8.2.1 Example 8.1: Encastré Beam 625
8.2.2 Example 8.2: Propped Cantilever 1 626
8.2.3 Example 8.3: Propped Cantilever 2 627
8.3 Kinematic Method for Continuous Beams 628
8.3.1 Example 8.4: Continuous Beam 631
8.4 Problems: Plastic Analysis − Continuous Beams 635
8.5 Solutions: Plastic Analysis − Continuous Beams 636
8.6 Rigid-Jointed Frames 654
8.6.1 Example 8.5: Frame 1 654
8.7 Problems: Plastic Analysis − Rigid-Jointed Frames 1 661
8.8 Solutions: Plastic Analysis − Rigid-Jointed Frames 1 662
8.9 Example 8.6: Joint Mechanism 679
8.12 Gable Mechanism 716
8.13 Instantaneous Centre of Rotation 717
8.14 Example 8.7: Pitched Roof Frame 718
9. Influence Lines for Beams, Pin-Jointed Trusses and Lattice Girders 756
9.2 Example 9.1: Influence Lines for a Simply Supported Beam 757
9.2.1 Influence Lines for the Support Reactions 757
9.2.2 Influence Line for the Shear Force at Point B 758
9.2.3 Influence Line for the Bending Moment at Point B 760
9.3 Müller-Breslau Principle for the Influence Lines for Beams 763
9.4 Example 9.2: Influence Lines for a Statically Determinate Beam 763
9.5 Example 9.3: Influence Line for a Statically Indeterminate Beam 765
9.6 The Use of Influence Lines 767
9.6.1 Concentrated Loads 767
9.6.2 Distributed Loads 767
9.6.3 Example 9.4: Evaluation of Functions for Statically Determinate Beam 1
768
9.6.4 Example 9.5: Evaluation of Functions for Statically Determinate Beam 2
769
9.7 Example 9.6: Evaluation of Functions for a Statically Indeterminate Beam 771
9.8 Train of Loads 774
9.8.1 Example 9.7: Evaluation of Functions for a Train of Loads 775
9.9 Influence Lines for Pin-Jointed Trusses and Lattice Girders 778
9.9.1 Example 9.8: Lattice Girder 779
9.10 Problems: Influence Lines for Beams, Pin-Jointed Trusses and Lattice Girders
784
9.11 Solutions: Influence Lines for Beams, Pin-Jointed Trusses and Lattice Girders
787
Contents xi
10. Approximate Methods of Analysis 806

10.2 Example 10.1: Statically Indeterminate Pin-Jointed Plane Frame 1 806
10.3 Example 10.2: Statically Indeterminate Pin-Jointed Plane Frame 2 810
10.4 Example 10.3: Statically Indeterminate Single-Span Beam 812
10.5 Example 10.4: Multi-Span Beam 814
10.6 Rigid-Jointed Frames Subjected to Vertical Loads 816
10.6.1 Example 10.5: Multi-Storey Rigid-Jointed Frame 1 816
10.6.2 Approximate Analysis of Multi-Storey Rigid-Jointed Frames Using Sub-
Frames 822
10.6.2.1 Simplification into Sub-Frames 822
10.6.2.2 Alternative Simplification for Individual Beams and Associated
Columns 823
10.6.2.3 ‘Continuous Beam’ Simplification 823
10.6.2.4 Asymmetrically Loaded Columns 823
10.6.3 Simple Portal Frames with Pinned Bases Subjected to Horizontal Loads
824
10.6.3.1 Example 10.6: Simple Rectangular Portal Frame – Pinned
Bases 824
10.6.4 Simple Portal Frames with Fixed Bases Subjected to Horizontal Loads
825
10.6.4.1 Example 10.7: Simple Rectangular Portal Frame – Fixed
Bases 826
10.7 Multi-Storey Rigid-Jointed Frames Subjected to Horizontal Loads 827
10.7.1 Portal Method 827
10.7.1.1 Example 10.8: Multi-Storey Rigid-Jointed Frame 2 828
10.7.1.2 Approximate Analysis of Vierendeel Trusses Using the Portal
Method 836
10.7.1.3 Example 10.9: Vierendeel Truss 837
10.7.2 Cantilever Method 840
10.7.2.1 Example 10.10: Multi-Storey Rigid-Jointed Frame 3 841
11. Cables and Arches 843

11.1 Introduction to Cables 843
11.2 Types of Cable 843
11.3 Cables Subjected to Concentrated Loads 843
11.4 Example 11.1: Cable Subjected to Concentrated Loads 845
11.5 Example 11.2: Cable Subjected to Concentrated Loads with Uneven Supports
847
11.6 Problems: Cables Subjected to Concentrated Loads 850
11.7 Solutions: Cables Subjected to Concentrated Loads 852
11.8 Cables Subjected to Uniformly Distributed Loads 860
11.9 Example 11.3: Cable Subjected to Uniformly Distributed Load 862
11.10 Example 11.4: Cable Subjected to UDL from the Simply Supported Beam 864
11.11 Problems: Cables Subjected to Uniformly Distributed Loads 867
11.12 Solutions: Cables Subjected to Uniformly Distributed Loads 872
xii Contents
11.13 Introduction to Arches 886
11.14 Example 11.5: Three-Pinned Segmental Arch 888
11.15 Example 11.6: Two-Pinned Parabolic Arch 892
11.16 Example 11.7: Two-Pinned Semi-Circular Arch 897
11.17 Problems: Arches 903
11.18 Solutions: Arches 906
Appendix 1 Elastic Section Properties of Geometric Figures 928
Appendix 2 Beam Reactions, Bending Moments and Deflections 933
Appendix 3 Matrix Algebra 940
Index 944
Preface
Prior to the development of quantitative structural theories in the mid-18th century and
since, designers and builders relied on an intuitive and highly developed sense of structural
behaviours. The advent of modern mathematical methods and numerical modelling has to
a large extent replaced this skill with a reliance on computer-generated solutions to
structural problems. Professor Hardy Cross1 aptly expressed his concern regarding this in
the following quote:
There is sometimes cause to fear that the scientific technique, the proud servant of
the engineering arts, is trying to swallow its master.
It is inevitable and unavoidable that designers will utilize continually improving computer
software for numerical analyses. However, it is essential that the use of such software
should only be undertaken by those with appropriate knowledge and understanding of the
mathematical assumptions, modelling and limitations inherent in the programs they use.
Students adopt a variety of strategies to develop their knowledge and understanding of

structural behaviours, for example, the use of:
• computers to carry out sensitivity analyses,
• physical models to demonstrate physical effects, e.g. tension, compression,
bending, shear, torsion, buckling and deformation characteristics, and
• the study of worked examples and carrying out analyses using ‘hand’ methods.
This textbook focuses on the provision of numerous fully detailed and comprehensive
worked examples for a wide variety of structural problems. In each chapter a résumé of the
concepts and principles involved in the method being considered is given and illustrated
by several examples. A selection of problems is then presented which students should
undertake on their own prior to studying the given solutions.
Students are strongly encouraged to attempt to visualise and sketch the deflected shape of
a loaded structure and predict the type of force in the members prior to carrying out the
analysis, i.e.
(i) in the case of pin-jointed frames, identify the locations of the tension and
compression members, and
(ii) in the case of beams and rigid-jointed frames, sketch the shapes of the shear force
and bending moment diagrams and locate the points of contraflexure indicating
areas of tension and compression.
A knowledge of the locations of tension zones is vital when placing reinforcement in

reinforced concrete design and similarly of compression zones when assessing the
effective buckling lengths of steel members.
When developing their understanding and confirming their own answers by studying the
solutions provided, students should also analyse the structures using a computer analysis,
and identify any differences and the reasons for them.
xiii
xiv Preface
The methods of analysis adopted in this textbook represent the most commonly used
‘hand’ techniques with the exception of the Direct Stiffness Method in Chapter 7. This
matrix-based method is included to develop an understanding of the concepts and
procedures adopted in most computer software analysis programs. A method for inverting
matrices is given in Appendix 3 and used in the solutions for this chapter − it is not
necessary for students to undertake this procedure. It is included to demonstrate the
process involved when solving the simultaneous equations as generated in the direct
stiffness method.
Whichever analysis method is adopted during design, it must always be controlled by the
designer, i.e. not a computer! This can only be the case if a designer has a highly
developed knowledge and understanding of the concepts and principles involved in
structural behaviours. The use of worked examples is one of a number of strategies
adopted by students to achieve this.
In this Third Edition, the opportunity has been taken to modify the x-y-z co-ordinate
system and symbols and Chapter 6 on Buckling Instability to reflect the conventions
adopted in the structural Eurocodes for all structural members, i.e.
x-x the axis along the member length,
y-y the major principal axis of the cross-section, e.g. parallel to the flange in a steel
beam, and
z-z the minor principal axis of the cross-section, e.g. perpendicular to the flange in a
steel beam.
Local and flexural buckling equations as given in the Eurocode part EN 1993-1-1 are also
considered.
Chapter 7 on Direct Stiffness Methods has been revisited and amended by correcting all
found typos and errors. Chapter 9 has been expanded to the construction and use of
influence lines for pin-pointed trusses and lattice girders on top of beams.
In addition, a new Chapter 11 on Cables and Arches has been added and it is related to the
analysis and design of cables and arches subjected to concentrated loads and uniformly
distributed loads. For cables without or with simply supported pinned trusses or steel
girder beams through equally spaced hangers, tension forces, support reactions, sags and
slopes in cables are determined. For two-pinned or three-pinned arches with parabolic,
arched and semi-circular shapes, axial forces, radial shear forces and bending moments at
various sections of arches are determined.
Meanwhile, the authors have proofread the whole textbook again and thoroughly revised
all the observed minor typos and calculation errors.
1 Cross, H. Engineers and Ivory Towers. New York: McGraw Hill, 1952
William M.C. McKenzie and Binsheng Zhang

In loving memory of the first and main author, Dr. William McKenzie, who
wished to finish his final book in dedication to his grandson, Scott.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Caroline, Karen, Gordon, Claire, Eilidh, Lena, Ling and
Andrew for their endless understanding, patience, encouragement and support.
Permission to reproduce extracts from British Standards is granted by BSI Standards

Limited (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, UK. No other use of this
material is permitted. British Standards can be obtained in PDF or hard copy formats from
the BSI online shop: www.bsigroup.com/Shop or by contacting BSI Customer Services for
hard copies only: Tel: +44 20 8996 9001, Email: cservices@bsigroup.com
xv
Taylor & Francis
xvii
About the Authors

William M. C. McKenzie was a lecturer in structural engineering at Edinburgh Napier
University on undergraduate and postgraduate courses, including the delivery of the MSc
courses in Advanced Structural Engineering and the supervision of enormous BSc, BEng,
MEng and MSc dissertations. He had graduated with a First Class Honours Civil
Engineering degree and a PhD from Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, and had been
largely involved in teaching, research and consultancy for more than 40 years at several
Scottish universities.
His publications included research papers relating to stress analysis using holographic
interferometry. He was also the author of six design textbooks relating to both the British
Standards and the Structural Eurocodes for structural design of various construction
materials and members, e.g. steel, concrete, masonry and timber, and one structural
analysis textbook.
As a member of the Institute of Physics, he was both a Chartered Engineer and a
Chartered Physicist. He had presented numerous continuing professional development
(CPD) courses, seminars and guest lectures to industry throughout the UK, in China,
Singapore and Malaysia, in relation to the use of the Structural Eurocodes.
Binsheng Zhang is a professor in civil, structural and fire engineering at Glasgow

Caledonian University. He earned his BEng in 1982, MSc in 1984 and PhD in Concrete
Materials Science in 1987 at Tongji University in Shanghai. After he briefly worked as a
lecturer, he joined Glasgow University in 1988 as a research fellow, working on various
research council funded and industrial projects until 2002. After he worked as a structural
engineering consultant for two years in industry, he became a lecturer in structural
engineering in 2003 at Edinburgh Napier University. In 2013, he joined Glasgow
Caledonian University as a senior lecturer in civil and structural engineering, and became
a professor in 2016.
His teaching, research and consultancy interests include design, analysis and modelling
of concrete, timber and steel structures, construction materials technology, dynamic
performance of structures, and tests on mechanical properties and structural performances
of construction materials and members under various loading and extreme environmental
conditions. He has published three textbooks and over 100 technical papers. He has been a
guest professor and a visiting fellow to some universities in China and Australia. He has
been actively involved in two European COST Actions. He is also a member of the UK
Timber Design Code Committee and a European Standard Committee on Timber Floor
Vibration Testing. He has also delivered numerous CPD courses to industry throughout
the UK and at some universities in China, in relation to the use of Structural Eurocodes.
Taylor & Francis
1. Structural Analysis and Design
1.1 Introduction
The design of structures, of which analysis is an integral part, is frequently undertaken
using computer software. This can only be done safely and effectively if those undertaking
the design fully understand the concepts, principles and assumptions on which the
computer software is based. It is vitally important therefore that design engineers develop
this knowledge and understanding by studying and using hand-methods of analysis based
on the same concepts and principles, e.g. equilibrium, energy theorems, elastic,
elasto-plastic and plastic behaviours and mathematical modelling.
In addition to providing a mechanism for developing knowledge and understanding,
hand-methods also provide a useful tool for readily obtaining approximate solutions during
preliminary design and an independent check on the answers obtained from computer
analyses.
The methods explained and illustrated in this text, whilst not exhaustive, include those
most widely used in typical design offices, e.g. method-of-sections/joint resolution/unit
load/McCaulay’s method/moment distribution/plastic analysis, etc.
In Chapter 7 a résumé is given of the direct stiffness method: the technique used in
developing most computer software analysis packages. The examples and problems in this
case have been restricted and used to illustrate the processes undertaken when using
matrix analysis, and this is not regarded as a hand-method of analysis.
1.2 Equilibrium
All structural analyses are based on satisfying one of the fundamental laws of physics, i.e.
F = ma Equation (1)
where
F is the force system acting on a body
m is the mass of the body
a is the acceleration of the body
Structural analyses carried out on the basis of a force system inducing a dynamic
response, for example structural vibration induced by wind loading, earthquake loading,
moving machinery, vehicular traffic, etc., have a non-zero value for ‘a’ the acceleration. In
the case of analyses carried out on the basis of a static response, for example
stresses/deflections induced by the self-weights of materials, imposed loads which do not
induce vibration, etc., the acceleration ‘a’ is equal to zero.
Static analysis can be regarded as a special case of the more general dynamic analysis in
which:
F = ma = 0 Equation (2)
F can represent the applied force system in any direction. For convenience this is normally
considered in either two or three mutually perpendicular directions as shown in Figure 1.1.
2 Examples in Structural Analysis
Z Z
F2z
F1 F2 F1z F2y
F1x F2x
≡ F1y F3y
F3 F3x
X F3z X
Y Y
Figure 1.1
The application of Equation (2) to the force system indicated in Figure 1.1 is:
Sum of the forces in the direction of the X-axis ΣFx = 0 Equation (3)
Sum of the forces in the direction of the Y-axis ΣFy = 0 Equation (4)
Sum of the forces in the direction of the Z-axis ΣFz = 0 Equation (5)
Since the structure is neither moving in a linear direction, nor in a rotational direction,
further three equations can be written down to satisfy Equation (2):
Sum of the moments of the forces about the X-axis ΣMx = 0 Equation (6)
Sum of the moments of the forces about the Y-axis ΣMy = 0 Equation (7)
Sum of the moments of the forces about the Z-axis ΣMz = 0 Equation (8)
Equations (3) to (8) represent the static equilibrium of a body (structure) subject to a three-
dimensional force system. Many analyses are carried out for design purposes assuming
two-dimensional force systems and hence only two linear equations (e.g. Equation (3) and
Equation (5) representing the X- and Z-axes) and one rotational equation (e.g. Equation
(7) representing the Y-axis) are required. The X-, Y- and Z-axes must be mutually
perpendicular and can be in any orientation. However, for convenience, two of the axes
are usually regarded as horizontal and vertical, e.g. gravity loads are vertical and wind
loads frequently regarded as horizontal. It is usual practice, when considering equilibrium,
to assume that clockwise rotation is positive and counter-clockwise rotation is negative.
The following conventions have been adopted in this text:
X-direction: horizontal direction − positive is left-to-right +ve
Z-direction: vertical direction − positive is upwards +ve
Y-direction: rotation about the Y-axis − positive is clockwise +ve

Z
plane (XZ) of the structure X
Figure 1.2
Y
Structural Analysis and Design 3
Structures in which all the member forces and external support reactions can be
determined using only the equations of equilibrium are ‘statically determinate’ otherwise
they are ‘statically indeterminate’. The degree-of-indeterminacy is equal to the number of
unknown variables, i.e. member forces/external reactions, which are in excess of the
equations of equilibrium available to solve for them, see Section 1.5
The availability of current computer software enables full three-dimensional analyses of
structures to be carried out for a wide variety of applied loads. An alternative, more
traditional, and frequently used method of analysis when designing is to consider the
stability and forces on a structure separately in two mutually perpendicular planes, i.e. a
series of plane frames, and to ensure lateral and rotational stability and equilibrium in each
plane. Consider a typical industrial frame comprising a series of parallel portal frames as
shown in Figure 1.3. The frame can be designed considering the X-Z and the Y-Z planes as
shown.
typical portal frame

Z
X vertical
wind tie beam
loading
transverse wind loading
diagonal wind bracing longitudinal wind loading
snow load wind load rafter Individual frames designed

as rigid-jointed in the X-Z
plane for dead/imposed and
rigid connections transverse wind loads.
column column
In the Y-Z plane bracing is
transverse transverse provided (pin-jointed) to
wind load wind load transfer the longitudinal wind
forces.
wind load
longitudinal longitudinal
wind load simple connections tie beam
wind load
longitudinal
wind bracing
Figure 1.3
1.3 Mathematical Modelling
The purpose of mathematical modelling is to predict structural behaviour in terms of loads,
stresses and deformations under any specified, externally applied force system. Since
actual structures are physical, three-dimensional entities, it is necessary to create an
idealized model which is representative of the materials used, the geometry of the structure
and the physical constraints, e.g. the support conditions and the externally applied force
system.
The precise idealisation adopted in a particular case is dependent on the complexity of the
structure and the level of the required accuracy of the final results. The idealisation can
range from simple two-dimensional ‘beam-type’ and ‘plate’ elements for pin-jointed or
rigid-jointed plane frames and space frames to more sophisticated three-dimensional
elements such as those used in grillages or finite element analyses adopted when analysing
for example bridge decks, floor-plates or shell roofs.
It is essential to recognise that irrespective of how advanced the analysis method is, it
is always an approximate solution to the real behaviour of a structure.
In some cases the approximation reflects very closely the actual behaviour in terms of both
stresses and deformations whilst in others, only one of these parameters may be accurately
modelled or indeed the model may be inadequate in both respects, resulting in the need for
the physical testing of scaled models.
1.3.1 Line Diagrams

When modelling, it is necessary to represent the form of an actual structure in terms of
idealized structural members, e.g. in the case of plane frames as beam elements, in which
the beams, columns, slabs, etc., are indicated by line diagrams. The lines normally
coincide with the centre-lines of the members. A number of such line diagrams for a
variety of typical plane structures is shown in Figures 1.4 to 1.9. In some cases it is
sufficient to consider a section of the structure and carry out an approximate analysis on a
sub-frame as indicated in Figure 1.8.
Tie Tie
Beam Pin Beam
Precast concrete
planks
Three-pinned
Portal frame
Figure 1.4
Cantilever
Figure 1.5
Multi-span Beam
Figure 1.6
Active
Bracing
Braced pin-jointed frame

Figure 1.7
X
X
Typical Lower Floor Plan
k k k k
k k k
k k k k
k k
0.5k k 0.5k
k k
0.5k k 0.5k
Alternative sub-frames for approximate

analyses where k is the stiffness of the
Section X-X Line Diagram members.
Figure 1.8
Plan of typical floor
Section x-x
Rigid-jointed
Figure 1.9 frame
1.3.2 Load Path

The support reactions for structures relate to the restraint conditions against linear and
rotational movements. Every structural element and structure must be supported in order
to transfer the applied loading to the foundations where it is dissipated through the ground.
For example beams and floor slabs may be supported by other beams, columns or walls
which are supported on foundations which subsequently transfer the loads to the ground. It
is important to trace the load path of any applied loading on a structure to ensure that
there is no interruption in the flow as shown in Figure 1.10.
Load path for a typical frame
Figure 1.10
The loads are transferred between structural members at the joints using either simple or
rigid connections (i.e. moment connections). In the case of simple connections, axial
and/or shear forces are transmitted, whilst in the case of rigid connections in addition to
axial and shear effects, moments are also transferred.
The type of connections used will influence the degree-of-indeterminacy and the method
of analysis required, e.g. determinate, indeterminate, pin-jointed frame, rigid-jointed
frame. Connection design, reflecting the assumptions made in the analysis, is an essential
element in achieving an effective load path.
1.3.3 Foundations
The primary function of all structural members/frames is to transfer the applied dead and
imposed loading, from whichever source, to the foundations and subsequently to the
ground. The type of foundation required in any particular circumstance is dependent on a
number of factors such as the magnitude and type of applied loading, the pressure which
the ground can safely support, the acceptable levels of settlement and the location and
proximity of adjacent structures.
In addition to purpose made pinned and roller supports, the most common types of
foundation currently used are indicated in Figure 1.11. The support reactions in a structure
depend on the types of foundation provided and the resistance to lateral and rotational
movements.
square pad foundations rectangular pad foundation rectangular combined foundation
piled foundation
strip foundations
raft foundation
Figure 1.11
1.4 Structural Loading
All structures are subjected to loading from various sources. The main categories of
loading are: permanent (e.g. self-weight) and variable loads (e.g. imposed and wind loads).
In some circumstances there may be other loading types which should be considered, such
as settlement, fatigue, temperature effects, dynamic loading, or impact effects (e.g. when
designing bridge decks, crane-gantry girders or maritime structures). In the majority of
cases, design considering combinations of permanent, imposed and wind loads is the most
appropriate.
Most floor systems are capable of lateral distribution of loading. In situations where lateral
distribution is not possible, the effects of the concentrated loads should be considered with
the loads applied at locations which will induce the most adverse effect, e.g. maximum
bending moment, shear force and deflection. In addition, local effects such as crushing and
punching should be considered where appropriate.
In multi-storey structures it is very unlikely that all floors will be required to carry the full
imposed load at the same time. Statistically it is acceptable to reduce the total floor loads
carried by a supporting member by varying amounts depending on the number of floors or
floor area carried. Dynamic loading is often represented by a system of equivalent static
forces which can be used in the analysis and design of a structure.
The primary objective of structural analysis is to determine the distribution of internal
moments and forces throughout a structure such that they are in equilibrium with the
applied design loads.
Mathematical models which can be used to idealise structural behaviour include: two- and
three-dimensional elastic behaviour, elastic behaviour considering a redistribution of
moments, elasto-plastic/plastic behaviour and non-linear behaviour, etc. The following
chapters illustrate most of the hand-based techniques commonly used to predict structural
member forces and behaviour.
In braced structures, i.e. those in which structural elements have been provided
specifically to transfer lateral loading, where floor slabs and beams are considered to be
simply supported, vertical loads give rise to different types of beam loading. Floor slabs
can be designed as either one-way spanning or two-way spanning as shown in
Figures 1.12(a) and (b).
main beam
main beam
tie beams
main beam
main beam
tie beam main beam
main beam
one-way spanning slab two-way spanning slab
(a) (b)
Figure 1.12
In the case of one-way spanning slabs, the entire load is distributed to the two main beams.
Two-way spanning slabs distribute load to main beams along all edges. These differences
give rise to a number of typical beam loadings in floor slabs as shown in Figures 1.13.
B3
B5
One-way
spanning slabs
Stair-well and Lift-shaft B6

B2
B4
B1
Two-way
spanning slabs
B3
45° 45°
B5
Distribution of loads
from slabs to
supporting beams
Stair-well and Lift-shaft B6
B2
B4
B1
V1 V1 V1
V1 Beam B1 V1 V2 Beam B2 V2 V3 Beam B3 V3
uniformly distributed load point loads triangular load
V2
V4 Beam B4 V4 V5 Beam B5 V5 V6 Beam B6 V7
trapezoidal load combined loads combined loads
Figure 1.13
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
see you till I had written to ask Mrs. Hulme to get your address. How
absurd that would have been to be sure!”
She laughed merrily. Her laugh and voice were both pretty and
musical, and there was an infectious sort of youthfulness about her
—a genuine naïveté—which was not without its charm. She was
small and plump, and still pretty, though no longer young; and
though Eudoxie had considerable difficulty in interpreting her rather
roundabout way of talking, she remained decidedly of opinion that
her soubriquet had been well bestowed.
“I have got some fresh macaroons on purpose for Eudoxie,” said
Mrs. Crichton when she had mastered her visitors’ names in full.
“What a nice confectioner’s there is here! Indeed, the shops are very
good, though my brother feels the want of a library greatly. So kind of
Monsieur Casalis to have sent him those dreadful books.“She eyed
the volumes as she spoke with mingled complacency and aversion.
“That will be some hard work for me,” she said, turning to Cicely with
a smile.
“For you!” exclaimed Cicely in surprise.
“Yes. I have to spell out all manner of things I don’t understand in
the least for Ed—for my brother. He is not allowed to use his eyes in
reading or writing at all yet. To tell you the truth, I was rather pleased
when he was stopped short for want of these books. I am sure he is
beginning to work too hard again; but of course I could not refuse
Monsieur Casalis’s offer of them—so kind. I had the names down on
a bit of paper to try for them at the bookseller’s when he called, you
know. And of course it’s very worrying for a clever person like my
brother to have to be dependent on any one so out-of-the-way stupid
as I am.”
Cicely smiled. “I am sure you are very patient, at any rate,” she
said.
“He is,” said Mrs. Crichton eagerly. “Would you believe it,” she
went on, turning to some papers that lay on a side-table, “I have
three times tried to make a clear copy of these notes and lists—it’s
something botanical—and each time when he has just taken a peep
at it from under his shade, poor fellow, just to make sure it was all
right, he has found some perfectly horrible mistake that could not
possibly be corrected—not to speak of my handwriting, which is
fearful, as you see.” She held out the manuscript to Cicely. “They
have to be in London the end of this week,” she went on in a tone of
despair. “I was just setting to work at them again when you came in;
but it’s no good. I shall never get them done.”
Cicely was examining the papers critically. “Your writing is
perhaps rather too large for this sort of thing—” she began. “I should
think it was—too large and too sprawly and too everything,”
interrupted Mrs. Crichton. It’s dreadful, and so is my spelling. I never
can spell correctly—Wednesday and business and spinach I always
carry about with me in my pocket-book—not that the spelling matters
for these things, as they are all in Latin.”
“I think—you won’t think me presumptuous for saying so, I hope,”
said Cicely “I think I could help you with these, if you like. I have had
a great deal of copying out to do long ago for my father, and I can
write a very clerkly hand when I try. Do you think Mr.—, your brother,
would be afraid to trust me with these papers? I can easily have
them ready for to-morrow’s post, if that will do.”
Mrs. Crichton’s face beamed with delight. “How kind of you—how
very kind of you!” she exclaimed. “I am sure you could do them
beautifully. You look so clever—no, I don’t mean clever. Clever
people are ugly; but you look so wise—dear me!—what can I say?—
that sounds like an owl.”
“Never mind,” said Cicely, laughing. “Will you ask your brother if
he will try me?”
“Of course I will, this very moment,” said the little lady, and off she
went. Within five minutes she returned in triumph. “He is delighted,”
she said. “I knew he would be. He is coming to thank you himself,
and to point out one or two things. He does not like seeing any one
now; his eyes make him feel nervous, poor fellow. He would not
come in to see Monsieur and Madame Casalis yesterday, but he is
so pleased about his papers, he proposed himself to come and
thank you.”
“I hope it will not annoy him,” said Cicely, a little uneasy at the
idea of the learned man’s personal injunctions. But “Oh! no, he didn’t
mind a bit,” answered Mrs. Crichton in so well assured a tone that
Cicely dismissed her misgivings.
There had certainly been nothing in his sister’s explanation to
make him “mind a bit.”
“There’s a young lady here who would like to do your copying,
Edmond,” had been her very lucid account of Cicely’s offer. “She’s
English, though she’s a niece of that nice old French clergyman who
called yesterday. She looks clever. I am sure she would do it nicely.
She says she is quite accustomed to it.”
“Do you mean that she would do it for nothing?” inquired Mr.
Guildford. “I could not put myself under such an obligation to a
stranger. But perhaps she would let me pay for it. Many poor ladies
make money by copying; and I dare say if she be longs to the family
of a French pasteur, she is not rich. Do you think that she meant that
she would take payment for it?”
“No,” said Bessie doubtfully. “She doesn’t look like that.”
“What does she look like? Is she a governess, or anything of that
kind? What did she say?”
“She only offered out of kindness. She had heard about your
eyes, and I—I told her how stupid I was,” admitted Mrs. Crichton.
“You had much better come and see for yourself, Edmond.”
“Very well—perhaps it would be better. Of course, I should be
very glad to get it well done, if this lady would not be above letting
me pay her,” he said. “But I won’t say anything about that if she looks
like a person that would be offended by such a proposal. I’ll come in
directly; and if I can arrange about it with her, I will show her how I
want it done. But I wish,” he added to himself when his sister had left
him, “I wish Bessie were less communicative to strangers.”
Five minutes later he followed her into the drawing-room. He
came in, expecting to find Mrs. Crichton’s new acquaintance some
insignificant-looking person of the poor lady order, for,
notwithstanding Bessie’s assertion that the pasteur’s niece “did not
look like that,” his mind was prepossessed by its own idea; nor did
he attach sufficient importance to his sister’s judgment to think much
of her description. The light in the room struck upon his eyes
somewhat dazzlingly, for, out of deference to the stranger, he had
taken off the shade he usually wore. The first object he noticed was
Eudoxie seated on a low chair, consuming her cakes with great
equanimity. For a moment he glanced at her in bewilderment. Could
this be his would-be amanuensis? He looked on beyond her to his
sister for explanation, when suddenly from another corner of the
room a third person approached. Had the figure before him been that
of one risen from the dead he could hardly have been more
astonished. Instinctively he lifted his hand to his eyes, as if
suspecting them of playing him false. Was not the light deceiving
him, exaggerating some slight and superficial resemblance into the
likeness of a face whose features he believed would never to him
grow misty or confused—a face he had seen once, long, long ago it
seemed to him now, pale and wistful, with sweet sad eyes, and lips
parted to entreat his help,—the face of Cicely Methvyn as she stood
in the doorway on the night that little Charlie died. He looked again—
the illusion, if such it were, grew more perfect. He felt as if in a
dream—he was turning to seek Mrs. Crichton’s assistance, when
suddenly the spell was broken. The lady came forward quietly and
held out her hand.
“Mr. Guildford,” she said gently, and the slight colour which rose to
her cheeks helped him to realise the fact of her presence, “you did
not expect to see me here, and certainly I did not expect to see you.
How strange it is!”
But he made no movement towards her, he showed no readiness
to take her offered hand.
“Mr. Guildford,” she repeated, in her turn bewildered by a
momentary doubt as to the identity of the man before her with the
owner of the name by which she addressed him, “don’t you know
me?”
Then he started. “I could not believe it,” he exclaimed abruptly.
“You must forgive me, Miss Meth—no, you are not Miss Methvyn
now.”
Cicely’s colour deepened, but she smiled. A pleasant sincere
smile it was, though not without a certain sadness about it too. “Yes,”
she said, “I am. My name is the same any way, though it seems as if
otherwise I must be very much changed.”
He had not yet shaken hands, and as she spoke, Cicely’s arm
dropped quietly by her side. There was a slight inference of reproach
in her tone, and Mr. Guildford was not slow to perceive it.
“I don’t think you are changed,” he said; “I knew you instantly.
That was what startled me so, I was so utterly taken by surprise.”
“Not more than I,” she replied. “I thought you were in India.”
“And I thought you were—” He hesitated.
“Yes,” she said, “I know where you thought I was; but I am not,
you see. That was all changed long ago. Have you heard nothing
about us since you left Sothernshire?” she went on. “Do you not
know that Greystone was sold—that we left it soon after my father’s
death? Do you not know about,” she glanced at her deep mourning
dress, “do you not know that I am quite an orphan now?”
“Yes,” he said in turn; “yes, I know that—I saw it in the ‘Times.’”
His tone was grave and sad. A feeling of self-reproach crept
through him as he recalled the half-bitter sympathy with which he
had seen the announcement of Mrs. Methvyn’s death.
“She has her husband to comfort her,” he had said to himself. For
once, in some fashionable record of “arrivals in town” he had seen
the names of “Mr. and Mrs. Fawcett from Barnstay Castle;” and till
this moment when he met Cicely Methvyn again, a doubt of her
marriage having taken place had never crossed his mind. There fell
a slightly awkward pause. In the presence of a third person, and that
person a stranger, Cicely could not speak to Mr. Guildford of her
mother’s illness and death as she would have liked to do, nor could
he say anything to lead her to do so. At last Bessie came to the
rescue. Amazed by the unexpected discovery of her brother’s
acquaintance with the pasteur’s niece, Mrs. Crichton had been
startled into keeping silence for much longer than was usual with her.
“It is just like a story,” she said to herself in an awe struck whisper.
Suddenly glancing at Mr. Guildford, a new idea struck her, “Oh!
Edmond,” she exclaimed, “you have taken off your shade. Oh! how
very wrong of you, and the light in this room is so strong!”
She darted to the window and began drawing down the blinds.
Mr. Guildford looked annoyed. “It does not matter for a few
minutes, Bessie,” he said.
Cicely glanced at him. There was nothing in the appearance of his
eyes, dark and keen as ever, to suggest injured or enfeebled powers
of sight.
“My eyes are much stronger now,” he said to Cicely. “I strained
them when I was in India, but they are recovering now.”
“I heard that you were over-working yourself,” said Cicely.
“Yes, indeed,” exclaimed Mrs. Crichton. “It was not India, it was
nothing but overwork, and it will be the same thing again if you don’t
take care. He will never be able to use his eyes very much,” she
added, turning to Cicely.
A look of pain crossed Mr. Guildford’s face.
Cicely began to think it true that Mrs. Crichton was “very stupid.”
“Not for a long time, I dare say,” she said quickly. “But I have
always heard that rest does wonders in such cases. And that
reminds me,” she went on, “will you show me exactly how you want
these papers done?”
Mr. Guildford had forgotten all about the papers. Now he looked
up with some embarrassment. “I could not,” he began, but Cicely
interrupted him.
“You thought of letting a stranger do it,” she said. “Why then not
me? I have very little occupation here; it would be a real pleasure to
me.”
She spoke simply but earnestly, and Mr. Guildford made no
further objection. He took up the papers and pointed out Bessie’s
mistakes. Then came a moment in which Mrs. Crichton left the room
in search of another manuscript. Cicely seized the opportunity.
“Mr. Guildford,” she said hastily, in a voice too low to catch the
long ears of the little pitcher in the corner, “I think I had better tell you
that my cousin Trevor Fawcett’s wife is Geneviève Casalis—
Geneviève Fawcett now, of course. It is with her parents I am now
staying here; they are very kind and good. Eudoxie,” with a glance
towards the child, “is Geneviève’s sister. I thought it best you should
know, as I dare say you will see Monsieur and Madame Casalis
sometimes.”
Mr. Guildford did not speak. One rapid glance of inquiry he could
not repress. Cicely stood it with perfect calmness.
“It happened a long time ago, very soon after my father’s death,”
she said quietly. “I—I believed it was for the best then; since, I have
come to feel sure of it.” Here her colour rose a very little. “It was a
comfort to me to be able to devote myself entirely to my mother
when her health failed,” she went on, as if in explanation of her
words; “there was no other tie to interfere.”
Mr. Guildford bowed his head slightly, as if to signify that he
understood. “Thank you for telling me,” he said, as Bessie came in
again.
Cicely was very silent during the walk home, and answered at
random to Eudoxie’s chatter, agreeing with the child’s announcement
that she did not intend to call “him Monsieur Gentil.” “He is not gentil
at all,” she decided, the truth being that Mr. Guildford had not taken
any notice of her, for there was a spice of Geneviève in Eudoxie now
and then after all.
“How strange to have met again here!” Cicely was thinking to
herself. “It is as well, if it was to be, that it happened unexpectedly. It
will prevent his feeling constrained and ill at ease with me on
account of that fancy of his, if indeed he remembers it.”
CHAPTER IX.
A SOUTHERN WINTER.
“Listen how the linnets sing, Cicely dear;

Watch you where the lilies spring, Cicely sweet.”
* * * * * *
“The lilies shall be for thy brow to wear,
The linnets shall sing of the love I bear.”
Ballad.
NO sooner had the door closed on Cicely and her little cousin than
Mrs. Crichton’s pent-up curiosity broke forth. She overwhelmed her
brother with questions and cross-questions as to the how, where,
and when of his former acquaintance with Miss Methvyn, till Mr.
Guildford was fairly driven into a corner. He defended himself
valiantly for some time; he tried short answers, but even
monosyllables failed in their usually chilling effect on the irrepressible
Bessie. She was not to be snubbed; she only grew increasingly
pertinacious and finally cross.
“It is too bad of you to be so absurdly reserved with me, Edmond,”
she said at last. “You are not a doctor now; I am not asking you to
gossip about your patients. You will make me suspect something
mysterious if you don’t take care.”
Then Edmond saw that his best policy would be to volunteer as
much information as it suited him that his sister should be in
possession of, knowing by experience that to baffle temporarily her
curiosity was surely to increase it in the end. Hydra-like, it but
sprouted afresh in a hundred new directions, if extinguished in one;
and that she should even suspect the existence of anything he
wished to conceal, with regard to Cicely, was disagreeable and
undesirable in the extreme. So he smiled at her petulant speech, and
answered good-humouredly. “I know what you always mean by
something mysterious, Bessie. You are constantly fancying you have
got on the scent of a love-story. I have no love-story to confide to you
about Miss Methvyn—at least—” he stopped and hesitated.
“At least what?” exclaimed Mrs. Crichton.
“I was thinking,” he said, “of what you said about my not being a
doctor any longer. That does not make me free to gossip about what
I became acquainted with when I was one, does it?”
“No, I suppose not,” said Bessie. “But I shall never tell over
anything about Miss Methvyn. I want to know about her, I have taken
a fancy to her. Do go on after ‘at least.’ ”
“I was merely going to say that the only love-story I can tell you
about her, is painful and must not be alluded to. But under the
circumstances, perhaps, it is best you should know it. When I last
saw Miss Methvyn, she was on the point of marriage with her cousin,
a Mr. Fawcett—the marriage was broken off, and within a very short
time he married another girl—her cousin, but not his, a French girl,
the daughter of these people here, the pasteur and his wife.”
“What a shame!” ejaculated Bessie. “I thought they seemed such
nice people.”
“So they are, I have no doubt. If not, she—Miss Methvyn—would
not be staying with them.”
“But the girl—their daughter—must have been very designing.”
Mr. Guildford did not answer. “How dreadful for Miss Methvyn!”
continued Bessie. “I wonder it did not break her heart.”
“How do you know it didn’t?” asked her brother quickly.
“She doesn’t look like it,” said Mrs. Crichton. “She looks grave and
rather sad, but she smiles brightly; there is nothing bitter or sour
about her.”
“She has had troubles enough of other kinds to make her grave
and sad. Though, indeed, her face always had that look when in
repose,” he said thoughtfully. “Bessie,” he went on, with a sudden
impulse of communicativeness, born of a yearning for sympathy, “do
you remember one night, nearly two years ago, when I had to go out
into the country beyond Haverstock—a very cold night?”
“Yes,” said Bessie, “I remember it—a little child was very ill. It
died, I think.”
“That night was the first time I saw Miss Methvyn.”—“Standing
with that crimson dress on,” he murmured to himself softly. “Yes,” he
went on aloud, “the child died. He was her nephew. And since then
she has lost father and mother and her home too.”
“Poor girl!” said Mrs. Crichton, with the ready tears in her eyes.
“By the bye,” she added in a brisker tone, “was she Miss Methvyn of
Something Abbey? I never can remember names.”
“Greystone?” suggested her brother.
“Yes, to be sure. I knew it was a colour, black or white or
something. Oh! then, I know about them a little. Some friends of the
Lubecks bought Blackstone, and are living there now. It was sold
because when the father died, they found he had lost a lot of money
—in horse-racing, wasn’t it?”
“Not exactly,” said Mr. Guildford, smiling. “The poor man had been
paralysed for some years. But he did lose money by speculation—
that was true enough. What else did you hear?”
Bessie’s brain was not the best arranged repository of facts in the
world, but by dint of diving into odd corners, and bringing to light a
vast mass of totally irrelevant matter, she managed to give her
brother a pretty clear idea of what she had learnt about the
Methvyns’ affairs. And joining this to what he already knew, Mr.
Guildford arrived at a fair enough understanding of the actual state of
the case. “I don’t believe it was her loss of fortune that separated
them,” he said to himself; “she is not the sort of girl to have allowed
that to influence her. And he—if it had been that—would not have
married a completely penniless girl immediately after. No, it could not
have been that. He must have deceived her—how she must have
suffered! Yet, as Bessie says, I don’t think she does look broken-
hearted.”
He fell to thinking of how she did look. He was silent and
abstracted, but Bessie asked no more questions. Her curiosity was
so far set at rest, but it is to be doubted if her brother’s carefully
considered communicativeness had satisfied her of the non
existence of her “something mysterious.” But she was loyal and
womanly, despite her inquisitiveness; her brother’s secret, if he had
one, was safe.
During the rest of the day, Mr. Guildford was restless and ill at
ease. . He was constantly acting over again the morning’s interview
with Cicely, and wishing that he had said or done differently.
Sometimes it seemed to him that his manner must have appeared
almost rudely repellent and ungracious; at others, he reproached
himself with having behaved with unwarrantable freedom.
“I did not even shake hands with her,” he remembered. “Rude
boor that I am. As if I had any business to annoy her by my absurd
self-consciousness, when she was so sweet and gracious and
unaffected—so evidently anxious to be just as friendly to me as if I
had never made a fool of myself. Of course, it is easy for her to be
unconstrained and at ease with me—there is no reason why she
should not be so—the question is whether I shall ever attain to it with
her.”
Then he grew hot at the thought of having allowed her to copy his
papers—actually to work for him—and ended by saying to himself
that he devoutly wished he had not come into the room, or that,
better still, Bessie had held her silly little tongue about his
occupation. Yet all the time he was looking forward with
unacknowledged eagerness to the next day, cherishing a foolish
hope that Cicely might herself bring back her completed work, or that
possibly she might find it necessary to apply to him for information or
instruction upon some difficult part of the manuscript. And when the
next day came, and the papers, beautifully written, and perfectly
correct, were brought to the Rue St. Louis by old Mathurine, with a
little note from Cicely, hoping that Mr. Guildford would not hesitate to
return them if in any way faulty, he felt a pang of disappointment
which startled him into acute realisation of the fact that he was as
ready as ever, nay, ten times more so, to “make a fool of himself” for
this woman, whom he thought he had grown indifferent to. “It is as if
some one that one had thought dead had come to life again. It is
very hard upon me. For more than a year I have thought of her as
Fawcett’s wife, as more than dead to me, and now the old struggle
must begin again.”
But after a time he grew calmer. The events of the last two years
had altered—some superficial observers might have said, weakened
—this man, once so strong a believer in his own opinion, so
confident in his own power of acting up to it. But if he were
weakened, the weakness was that arising from a greater knowledge
of himself, a juster estimate of human nature, a nobler, because truer
ideal—it was a weakness promising strength. He was less given to
make theories, less loftily determined to live the life he sketched out
for himself. “I am well punished for my presumption in thinking I was
stronger than other men, or that in such strength there was nobility.
Here am I at thirty with powers already curtailed, thankful now not to
be threatened with a future of utter dependence. Here am I who
despised and depreciated woman’s influence—feeling that without
the love of a woman who will never love me, life, in no one direction,
can be other than stunted and imperfect. Yes, I am well punished!”
And it was through this last reflection that he attained to a more
philosophic state of mind. If the disappointment which this love of his
had brought upon him, were a recompense merited by his self-
confidence and self-deception, what could he do but accept it? what
more futile than to waste his strength of mind in going back upon a
past of mistakes and might-have-beens? Why not exert the self-
control he possessed in making the best of what remained, in
enjoying the friendship which Cicely was evidently ready to bestow
upon him, with which, in her altered circumstances, there was little
prospect of any closer tie coming into collision?
“I dare say she will never marry,” he said to himself with
unconsciously selfish satisfaction. “She is not the sort of woman to
‘get over’ such an experience as she has had, in a hurry. I doubt if
she will ever do so. Her very serenity looks as if she had gauged her
own powers of suffering pretty thoroughly, and had now reached a
tableland of calm—I feel sure she will never marry. I should like to
show her that I am able to value her friendship, and that she need
have no fear of my ever dreaming of anything more. I should like her
to respect me.”
So, considerably to Bessie’s surprise, a day or two after the
papers had been despatched, her brother proposed that they should
return Monsieur and Madame Casalis’s call.
“I should like to thank Miss Methryn personally,” he said calmly.
“And I am sure her relations are kind, good sort of people from what
you tell me. It was very civil of them to call. I should not like them to
think me a surly hypochondriac.”
“But are you fit for it?” said Mrs. Crichton, hardly able to believe
her ears.
“Fit to make a call?” he exclaimed, laughing. “Of course I am;
there’s nothing wrong with me now except my eyes, and they are
much better. They never pain me now unless I read or write. I don’t
want to drive there, Bessie,” he went on, “we can walk. It is only two
or three streets off.”
“Very well,” said Bessie, in her heart nothing loth to see
something more of their only acquaintances at Hivèritz. She looked
up at her brother curiously. “I wonder if Edmond has anything in his
head that he hasn’t told me,” she thought. But Edmond met her
glance with perfect self-possession. He felt that he had no motive of
the kind that she evidently suspected; he only wished to return to his
old friendly relations with Cicely Methvyn; there was no fear of
further self-deception. He was satisfied that, having now recovered
from the first surprise of meeting her again, he was in a fair way of
attaining to a composed and comfortable state of mind with regard to
this girl, whose path and his had once more so unexpectedly
crossed each other.
So Bessie was fain to suppose that her discrimination had
actually been at fault, and that her brother was uninfluenced by any
other motives than those he averred. And for some time to come,
there was nothing to disturb her in this opinion. They called on
Madame Casalis, and found both her and Miss Methvyn at home,
and the half-hour spent in the modest little drawing-room in the Rue
de la Croix blanche, was a very pleasant one, and Mr. Guildford
returned home well contented with himself, and satisfied that Cicely
tacitly appreciated his resolution.
“She has great tact,” he thought; “her manner is so simple and
unconstrained that it makes it infinitely easier for me.”
And for her part, Cicely was saying to herself that things were
turning out just as she had hoped—Mr. Guildford had evidently quite
forgotten all about that passing fancy of his; he wished—by his
manner she could see that he wished—to be thoroughly friendly and
kind; he was a man whose friendship any woman might be proud of
possessing. And as she thought thus, there flitted across her mind a
vague recollection of something she had once said to him on this
subject of friendship—it was one summer’s day in the garden at
Greystone—and Mr. Guildford had been expounding for her benefit
some of the wonderful theories which he then believed in so firmly.
She remembered all he had said quite well (how little she suspected
what bombastic nonsense it now appeared to him!), and she
remembered, too, that what she had replied had made him declare
he had converted her. It was something about feeling more honoured
by the friendship than by the love of a man capable of friendship of
the highest kind.
“I did not say it so plainly,” thought Cicely, “but that was the sense
of it. I know I was rather proud of the sentiment. I wonder if Mr.
Guildford remembers it. I do think him a man whose friendship is an
honour; and it is much better that I should henceforth keep clear of
anything else. I have had storms and troubles enough. Only—only—
sometimes life looks very lonely now.”
But during the remainder of this so-called winter, life passed on
the whole pleasantly enough. The acquaintance between the two
families progressed to friendliness; then to intimacy, till there were
few days when some of their members did not meet. Cicely owned to
herself that the society of the brother and sister added much to the
interest of her otherwise somewhat monotonous life; and Mr.
Guildford, having thoroughly shaken himself free from any possibility
of further self-deception, allowed himself to enjoy Miss Methvyn’s
friendship without misgiving, and day by day congratulated himself
more heartily on the strength of mind with which he had recognised
his position and bravely made the best of it. Only Bessie,
commonplace, womanly, silly little Bessie, sometimes looked on with
vague uneasiness, now and then trembled a little at the thought that
perchance this pleasant present might contain the elements of future
suffering.
“Edmond doesn’t think he is in love with her,” she said to herself,
“and he certainly gives her no reason to think he is. But he has it all
his own way just now; how would it be if some rival turned up all of a
sudden, would not that open his eyes? And though she has been
unlucky once, it is unlikely she will never marry. I could not bear
Edmond to be made miserable. If she were less high-principled and
thought more of herself, I would fear less for him.”
Once or twice there occurred little incidents which increased the
sister’s anxiety, and of one of these she was herself in part the
cause. Little Mrs. Crichton, “stupid” as she called herself, had one
gift. She possessed an unusually beautiful voice. It was powerful and
of wide compass, but above all clear and sweet and true, and with a
ring of youth about it which little suggested her eight-and-thirty years.
She sang as if she liked to hear herself; there was no shadow of
effort or study of effect discernible in the bright, blithe notes, which
yet at times could be as exquisitely plaintive. Cicely, who loved
music more, probably, than she understood it, soon discovered this
gift of her new friend’s, and profited thereby, thanks to Bessie’s
unfailing good-nature, greatly. She was never tired of Mrs. Crichton’s
singing.
“I am glad you like my sister’s voice,” said Mr. Guildford one day,
when Bessie had been singing away for a long time. “I like it better
than any I ever heard, but then I am no judge of music.”
“Nor am I. But in singing one knows quickly what one likes,” said
Cicely. “I have heard a great many voices—some wonderfully
beautiful no doubt, but I never heard one I liked quite as much, or in
the same way, as Mrs. Crichton’s.”
Mr. Guildford looked pleased. “Don’t leave off, Bessie,” he said,
“not, at least, unless you are tired.”
“What shall I sing?” said Bessie, turning over the loose music
lying before her. “Ah! here is one of your favourites, Edmond, though
I don’t think it very pretty. You must judge of it, Miss Methvyn. I have
not sung it lately. Edmond has got tired of it, I suppose. At one time
he was so fond of it, he used to make me sing it half-a-dozen times a
day.”
She placed the song on the desk, and began to sing it before her
brother noticed what she was doing. When he heard the first few
bars, he got up from his seat and strolled to the window, where he
stood impatiently waiting for a pause. Bessie had hardly reached the
end of the first verse before he interrupted her. “I am sure Miss
Methvyn will not care for that song, Bessie,” he exclaimed. “Do sing
something else.”
He crossed the room to the piano, beside which Cicely was
standing, and opened a book of songs which lay on the top. Mrs.
Crichton left off singing, but turned towards her brother with some
impatience. “You are very rude, Edmond,” she exclaimed with half
playful petulance. “You should not interrupt me in the middle of a
song. And you are very changeable—a very few months ago you
thought this song perfectly lovely. Do you like it, Miss Methvyn?” she
inquired, turning to Cicely. “The words are pretty.”
“Are they?” said Cicely, “I don’t think I caught them all. Yes, I think
the song is rather pretty—not exceedingly so.”
“The other verses all end in the same way,” said Bessie, humming
a note or two of the air; “that is the prettiest part, ‘Cicely, Cicely
sweet.’”
Cicely gave an involuntary little start, but she did not speak. Mr.
Guildford turned over the leaves of the book with increasing energy.
“Here, Bessie, do sing this,” he exclaimed, placing another song in
front of the tabooed one on the desk.
“No, I won’t,” said Bessie obstinately, “not till I have finished
Cicely. I can’t understand your being so changeable—it was such a
favourite of yours.”
“One outgrows fancies of the kind,” observed Cicely quietly. “Our
tastes change. I dare say it is a good thing they do.”
“Do you think so?” said Mr. Guildford quickly. “I don’t quite agree
with you. My tastes do not change, and I do not wish them to do so.”
He looked at her as he spoke. Cicely felt her cheeks flush, and
she turned away. Bessie went on singing. By the time the song was
over, Cicely, glancing up again, saw that Mr. Guildford had quietly left
the room.
“How cross Edmond is!” said Bessie, getting up from the piano
pettishly. Suddenly a thought struck her. “Miss Methvyn,” she
exclaimed abruptly, “your name isn’t ‘Cicely,’ is it?”
“Cicely did not immediately answer. “I never thought of it before,”
Mrs. Crichton continued; “it just struck me all at once that I had heard
Madame Casalis call you by some name like it, but she pronounced
it funnily.”
“She very often calls me Cécile,” replied Miss Methvyn quietly.
“But my name is Cicely.”
Bessie was silent. Then suddenly she turned to Cicely and laid
both hands on her arm entreatingly. “Miss Methvyn,” she said,
“Edmond is like a son to me. I could not bear him to be miserable.
He is not a man to go through anything of that kind lightly. Forgive
me for saying this.”
“There is nothing to forgive,” replied Cicely. “But I think you are
mistaken. Mr. Guildford is not a boy, he is wiser than either you or I.”
Bessie hardly understood these rather enigmatical words, but she
dared say no more. After that day, however, she could never find her
brother’s favourite ballad again; it disappeared mysteriously.
And things went on as quietly as before. Mr. Guildford’s health
seemed perfectly reestablished, and even his eyesight failed to
trouble him. He gave himself a holiday for the remainder of his stay
at Hivèritz, and the days passed only too pleasantly. There were all
manner of simple festivities arranged to amuse their visitor, by the
Casalis family in those days, and in these, Madame Gentille and her
brother were invariably invited to join. There were gipsy parties to the
woods, drives or rides to some of the queer picturesque out-of the-
world villages, which few of the ordinary visitors to Hivèritz cared to
explore; one delightful day spent up in the mountains at Monsieur
Casalis’s little farm. And despite the sorrows, whose traces could
never be effaced, Cicely found life a happy thing at these times and
felt glad that youth had not yet deserted her. She spoke often of her
mother to Mr. Guildford, and in so doing lost gradually the sense of
loneliness which had so sadly preyed upon her. And she listened
with all her old interest to his account of his own hopes and
ambitions, of the studies and research in which he had been
engaged. But whenever he was speaking of himself or his own work,
a slight hesitation, a somewhat doubtful tone struck her which she
could not explain. One day she learnt the reason of it.
They had gone for a long ramble in the woods—Cicely, Eudoxie,
and two of the Casalis boys, and on their way through the town they
fell in with Mrs. Crichton and her brother, who forthwith volunteered
to accompany them. It was March by now, and quite as hot as was
pleasant for walking.
“It is like English midsummer,” said Cicely, looking up half
longingly into the depth of brilliant blue sky overhead, “only I don’t
think the skies at home are ever quite so blue or the trees and grass
quite so green. The most beautiful English summer day is like to-day
with a veil over it. But I like home best.”
‘Oh! to be in England—’”
“‘Now that April’s there?’”
said Mr. Guildford.
“Yes,” said Cicely.
“Even
‘though the fields look rough with hoary dew?’”

“Yes, I am dreadfully English. I shall never be anything else.”
“I don’t think I care particularly where I am,” said Mr. Guildford, “if I
have plenty to do.”
“And you always will have that,” said Cicely.
“I don’t know,” replied he. They had walked on a little in front of
the others; there was no one to overhear what was said. “There will
always be plenty for me to do, certainly, but whether I shall be able
to do it is a different matter.”
His tone was desponding.
“How do you mean?” said Cicely quickly. “Are you afraid about
your eyes?”
“Yes,” he said. “I can’t bear to say it, but I don’t think I mind your
knowing. I am afraid I shall never have very much use of my eyes.
With care I may keep my sight, but I shall never be able to do half I
should otherwise have done.”
Cicely was silent for a few moments. Then, “I am so sorry,” she
said simply. But that was all, for Eudoxie came running up, begging

Instant Download Ebook of Examples in Structural Analysis 3Rd Edition William M C Mckenzie Online Full Chapter PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Instant Download Ebook of Examples in Structural Analysis 3Rd Edition William M C Mckenzie Online Full Chapter PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Examples in Structural Analysis, 3rd

Edition William M. C. Mckenzie

Fundamentals of Structural Analysis Solution Manual 5th

Structural Analysis in SI Units 10th Edition Hibbeler

Genetic Analysis of Complex Disease 3rd Edition William

Foundations of Marketing William M Pride O C Ferrell

Introduction to Structural Analysis 1st Edition Podder

Post Industrial Philadelphia Structural Changes in the

Australian practical tax examples Mark C. Chapman

Intermediate Accounting: Reporting and Analysis, 3rd

This third edition of Examples in Structural Analysis uses a step-by-step approach

What is New in the Third Edition:

and by CRC Press

CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

© 2023 William M. C. McKenzie & Binsheng Zhang

First edition published by CRC Press 2006

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: McKenzie, W. M. C. (William M. C.), author. | Zhang, Binsheng,

ISBN: 978-1-032-04937-3 (hbk)

Typeset in Times New Roman

1. Structural Analysis and Design 1

2. Material and Section Properties 23

5. Rigid-Jointed Frames 318

6. Buckling Instability 462

7. Direct Stiffness Method 516

8. Plastic Analysis 623

10. Approximate Methods of Analysis 806

11. Cables and Arches 843

Appendix 1 Elastic Section Properties of Geometric Figures 928

Appendix 2 Beam Reactions, Bending Moments and Deflections 933

Appendix 3 Matrix Algebra 940

Students adopt a variety of strategies to develop their knowledge and understanding of

A knowledge of the locations of tension zones is vital when placing reinforcement in

William M.C. McKenzie and Binsheng Zhang

Permission to reproduce extracts from British Standards is granted by BSI Standards

About the Authors

Binsheng Zhang is a professor in civil, structural and fire engineering at Glasgow

X-direction: horizontal direction − positive is left-to-right +ve

Z-direction: vertical direction − positive is upwards +ve

Y-direction: rotation about the Y-axis − positive is clockwise +ve

plane (XZ) of the structure X

typical portal frame

transverse wind loading

diagonal wind bracing longitudinal wind loading

snow load wind load rafter Individual frames designed

1.3.1 Line Diagrams

Braced pin-jointed frame

Typical Lower Floor Plan

Alternative sub-frames for approximate

Plan of typical floor

1.3.2 Load Path

Load path for a typical frame

square pad foundations rectangular pad foundation rectangular combined foundation

Stair-well and Lift-shaft B6

V1 Beam B1 V1 V2 Beam B2 V2 V3 Beam B3 V3

uniformly distributed load point loads triangular load

V4 Beam B4 V4 V5 Beam B5 V5 V6 Beam B6 V7

trapezoidal load combined loads combined loads

“Listen how the linnets sing, Cicely dear;

‘though the fields look rough with hoary dew?’”

You might also like