4 JUNE 2022

Periscope
Physics Group Project

Presented by:
Group C (Roll no. 14-21)
4 JUNE 2022

What is a
Periscope?
A periscope is an optical device for conducting
observations from a concealed or protected
position. Periscopes consist of reflecting mirrors or
prisms at opposite ends of a tube container. The
reflecting surfaces are parallel to each other and
at a 45° angle to the axis of the tube.

Types of
Periscope
1) Simple Periscope
2) Complex Periscope
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Simple Periscope mirror

In its simplest torm, it consists of an outer case

with mirrors at each end.
light
Set parallel to each other at a 45-degree
angle.

This form of periscope, with the addition of two

simple lenses, served for observation purposes
in the trenches during World warl
45 angle

Complex
Periscope
B
In complex periscopes, prisms are used instead
H H
of mirrors.

Advanced fiber optics instead of mirrors to

provide magnification.
Operate on submarine and in various fields of
science.
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Working Principle
of periscope
A periscope works on the Laws of Reflection.
The light from the object falls on one mirror
(placed at 45° to the object) and is reflected.
This reflected light in turn falls on another mirror
and is again reflected until it reaches the
human eye.

Construction of a
periscope
Periscopes can be constructed using a pair of
flat mirrors or prisms and at rectangular hollow
tube having a viewing window at the top and
bottom. The mirrors are fixed at an angle of 45°
at the two ends of the rectangular hollow.
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History
O Johannes Gutenberg, marketed a kind of periscope in the 1430s to
see over the heads of the crowd at the vigintennial religious festival at
Aachen.

OIn 1854 Hippolyte Marié-Davy invented the first naval periscope

consisting of a vertical tube with two small mirrors fixed at each end at
45

OSimon Lake used periscopes in his submarines in 1902.

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Uses
Periscopes are tound in a variety of
applications but they are almost synonymous
with their use in submarines.

In a similar threat detection' application,

periscopes are often used on battlefields to
look out of trenches safely without exposing the
observer's body.

OThe periscope is used in the submarines to

see the events which happening behind a wall
or a barrier, and some submarines use complex
periscopes which use the prisms instead of
mirrors to provide them the magnification.

OTanks use periscopes extensively: they allow

military personnel to check out their situation
without leaving the safety of the tank.

O One of the most widely used applications for

periscopes is in medicine. They're a less
obtrusive method for looking into the human
body to detect illness and disease than surgery
is and are used in endoscopes.

OThe periscope is used to monitor the

dangerous chemical reactions in the laboratory,
and they are used in observing the nuclear
reactors.

OThe periscopes are used to observe the

dangerous places, they are used in the fuel
tanks to see around and above the vehicles.
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In world war l & l|

Periscopes, in some cases During World Warl

fixed to rifles, served in (1939-1945), officers
World War I (1914-1918) to used specifically
enable soldiers to see manufactured
over the tops of trenches, periscope binoculars
thus avoiding exposure to with different
enemy tire. mountings.