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A.

CẤU TRÚC CHUNG

S (chủ ngữ tường thuật) + said (that) + S (chủ ngữ trong câu trực tiếp) + V
(đã lùi thì so với câu trực tiếp).

ex: “I want to drink milk tea”, said Mary.


 Mary said she wanted to drink milk tea.
B. REPORTED QUESTIONS
 Yes/No questions:

S + asked + if/whether + S + V (đã lùi thì so với câu trực tiếp). *Câu hỏi
tường thuật không còn dấu chấm hỏi mà đổi thành dấu chấm.

ex: “Have you eaten anything, Nick?”, his dad asked.


 Nick’s dad asked if Nick had eaten anything.
 Không xài if khi có or
ex: I wondered ( = asked myself) if whether Belle had finished her homework or not.
 Wh-questions:

S + asked “Wh (What/When/etc) + S + V (đã lùi thì so với câu trực tiếp).

ex: “What were you doing last night?”, Mary asked Ann.
 Mary asked Ann what she was doing the night before.
C. CÁCH DÙNG
 Có 3 động từ tường thuật cơ bản ‘said’, ‘told’, ‘asked’:
 ‘said’, ‘told’ thường dùng trong câu tường thuật mang nghĩa khẳng định hoặc phủ định.
ex: She said that she had gone to the hospital to have a medical check-up the day before.
 ‘told’ chỉ sử dụng khi nói với ai đó (2 chủ ngữ trong câu trực tiếp); told = said to
ex: “I have a problem with my computer”, Tom said to me.
→ Tom said to me he had a problem with his computer.
→ Tom told me that he had a problem with his computer.
 ‘asked’ thường được dùng với câu hỏi.
ex: “Do you usually go to the library, Billy?”, his deskmate asked.
→ Billy’s deskmate asked him if/whether he usually went to the library.
 Ngoài reporting verb là ‘asked’, người ta còn sử dụng ‘off ered’, ‘suggested’ hay ‘requested’ để
gợi ý trợ giúp, đề xuất ý kiến hay đưa ra lời đề nghị nào đó.
ex: “Can I help you?’
→ He off ered to help me.
“Can I hold your handbag while you are going to the bathroom?”
→ The lady off ered to hold my handbag while I was going to the bathroom.
 Trong câu tường thuật, một số đối tượng sẽ bị thay đổi:

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