Constitutional

Developments

Group Members:

1 Muzammil Ahmed 2 Mohammad Ibrahim

Bhatti (23L-0688) Salman (23L-0723)

3 Muneeb ur Rehman 4 Muhammad Ali Kazmi

(23L-0511) (23L-0665)

5 Hafiz Shaheer (23L- 6 Ali Shehzad (23L-0719)

0639)

7 Muhammad Hassan 8 Uzair Mujtaba (23L-

Abaid (23L-0584) 0864)

Author's Introduction

This text is extracted from the course pack, specifically Week 13, from a research paper authored by
three scholars.

Ghulam Zikria Dr. Khalil Ahmed Ghulam Qasim

PhD Scholar at The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur,
contributed valuable insights on
Democratic Political
Development.
Assistant Professor at UET
Rahim Yar Khan, provided
valuable insights on Democratic
Political Development.
PhD Scholar at the Department
of Political Sciences GCU
Faislabad, contributed valuable
insights on Democratic Political
Development.
 Abstract

1 The government of Pakistan 2 Political activities under the

Peoples’ Party Parliamentarian Zardari Regime

positive performances of different

(PPPP) in 2008

focusing on specific political activities institutions which helped in political

during this period. development.

3 The initial period of Nawaz 4 Democratic political norms that

Sharif's government after the 2013 were not adopted and were seen

elections as demerits of the government

Comprehensive Analysis

1 Initial indicators of democracy 2 Activated state and non-state

actors

3 Towards a Neo transformation 4 Pakistan at 75

5 Pakistan: 75 Beleaguered Years (by 6 Pakistan at 100

Tahir Kamran)
Introduction
The Dynamic Character of Political

Institutions under the PPPP Government

(2008-2013)

1. Evolving Legislative Landscape: The transformation and adaptation of legislative frameworks under
the PPPP government.

2. Institutional Reforms and Challenges: The reforms introduced and the obstacles faced by political
institutions during this period.
Political Activities and Institutional

Performances during the Zardari Regime

1 Political Activities under Zardari 2 Positive performances of different

Regime institutions

During the Zardari Regime, there were Various institutions demonstrated positive
significant political activities shaping the performances, contributing to the
country's direction. governance and development of the nation.
Nawaz Sharif's Government: The Post-

2013 Election Period

1 Policy Agenda and 2 Political Alliances and Opposition

Implementation Dynamics

Setting and executing policies to address Navigating alliances and managing

the country's pressing issues. opposition dynamics for effective
governance.
Demerits of Governance

Democratic Deficits and Civil Liberties and Human Rights

Accountability
Inadequate protection of civil liberties can lead to
Lack of transparency and unaccountability hinder social unrest.
democratic values.
What is Political Development?
What is Political Development ?
Varying interpretations
over time
Over time, scholars have seen
diverse interpretations of
political developments, leading
to evolving definitions in the
field.
Evolution of definitions
Scholars have engaged in
discussions on diverse
perspectives, leading to the
evolution of political definitions
influenced by historical
contexts.
Contextual influences on
perspectives
Political perspectives have been
shaped by contextual
influences, resulting in varying
interpretations and evolving
definitions.
Participation and Goods Production

Political engagement and economic activity

contribute to the country's development and
progress.

Civic involvement metrics

Play a pivotal role in assessing the level of

public participation in governance.

Economic development indicators

Provide insights into the country's financial

progress and the production of goods.
Factor affecting Political Development

Impediments to Educational Barriers Economic Disparities'

Political Engagement to Participation Impact

Lack of education and Low literacy rates hinder Poverty and economic
economic opportunities limit effective participation in inequalities affect political
political involvement. governmental processes. engagement and
governance.
Synonymous Nature: Democratic

Development

Interchangeability in Overlapping criteria Democratic

study context assessment governance as

Highlight the ability to apply Showcase the evaluation of

baseline

the research findings in multiple criteria Emphasize the importance

various settings. simultaneously for a of democratic practices as a
comprehensive analysis. foundation for good
governance.
Initial Indicators of Democracy
Initial Indicators of Democracy

End of Military Rule Public Demand for Democracy

The end of military rule brings forth hope and Diverse protestors are united in passionate and
celebration among the citizens, creating a vibrant determined demonstrations, demanding their
and bright atmosphere. democratic rights.
Historic Shift Towards Democracy

1 Military disengagement from

governance

Highlight the importance of removing

military influence from government
decisions.

2 Step towards democracy

Emphasize the significance of moving

towards democratic practices.
Formation of a Coalition Government

1. Negotiations Among Political Parties: Intense discussions, leaders strategizing for power sharing

2. Power Sharing Dynamics: Balancing control, deliberations on responsibilities and decision-making

3. Challenges and Opportunities: Finding stability amidst differing views and leveraging diverse
expertise for governance
Symbolic Victory of Democracy

Defeat of Dictatorship-Era 1

Parties

New political parties emerge, marking a

definitive end to the influence of the old 2 Empowerment of Civilian

dictatorship-era parties. Leadership and Democratic

Institutions

The civilian leadership gains strength,

and democratic institutions are fortified,
signaling a positive democratic shift.
Activated State and Non State Actors
Formation of Coalition Government

1 2

Departure from Single-Party Rule Multiple Parties in Governance

The transition marks a shift from dominance by Collaboration among diverse political parties for
a single political party. shared governance.
Parliamentary and Judicial Reforms

1 Restoration of Constitution

Laws and provisions restored to their original state, emphasizing democratic principles.

2 Strengthening of judiciary

Reforms aimed at enhancing the independence and effectiveness of the judicial system.
Role of Media in Political Discourse

Shaping public opinion

Media influences public opinion through its

coverage and framing of issues.

Influencing political decisions

Media can sway political decisions through

its reporting and analysis.
Shift in Political Landscape

Government-Opposition Cooperation

Challenging bureaucratic interference

2
Towards Neo-Transformation
Musharraf Regime (1999-

2008)

Establishment of Private Electronic Media

Stability in the Economy

Increased Goods Consumption

Political Participation
Transition to Democratic Governance

(2008)

1 2 3

True Political Establishment of Establishment of

Development Caretaker Government Transparent and

A significant shift towards A neutral, interim government

Peaceful Government

genuine democratic practices, set up to ensure a smooth A new administration takes

marking a departure from transition to democratic office through free and fair
previous authoritarian rule. elections and the peaceful elections, promising
transfer of power. transparency and stability in
governance.
Elections 2013
Free, Fair and
Transparent Elections
The 2013 general elections
in the country were widely
praised as free, fair, and
transparent, marking a
significant step forward in
the democratic process.
Defeat of PPPP was
Expected
The defeat of the Pakistan
Peoples Party (PPPP), the
ruling party at the time, was
anticipated by political
analysts and the general
public.
Transfer of Power a
Challenge
The peaceful transfer of
power from the outgoing
government to the newly
elected administration was
seen as a critical test of the
country's democratic
maturity.
Political Developments: Positive and
Negative Points
Political Participation
The transition to democratic
governance saw increased political
participation.
Military Influence
Despite the democratic progress, the
lingering influence of the military in the
political landscape continued to raise
concerns about the autonomy.
1
2 Establishment of Democratic
Governance
The successful transfer of power to a
newly elected administration marked a
3 significant step towards strengthening
democratic institutions .
4 Election Rigging Allegations
Allegations of election rigging and voter
suppression threatened to undermine
the credibility of the democratic
process.
Pakistan at 75
The Struggle Between Modernity and
Religion
Modernist Discourse
The emergence of modernist
ideas acted as a catalyst,
inspiring the formation of a
distinct Muslim homeland in
the Indian subcontinent. This
ideological shift challenged
traditional religious narratives.
Post-Independence
Regression
Following independence, the
newly formed state of Pakistan
experienced a regression, as
the struggle to reconcile
modernity and religious
orthodoxy created deep
divisions within the nation.
Crisis of Our Worldview
The inability to harmonize the
demands of modernity with
the tenets of religion led to a
profound crisis in the national
worldview, undermining the
stability and progress of the
country.
Pakistan's Great Tragedy

1 Inflection Points in Shaping Pakistan's Trajectory

2 Unwise Decisions: Prioritizing Short-Term Gains

3 Avoidable Tragedy of Pakistan's Missed Opportunities

Military Bureaucracy: A Legacy of British

Colonial Rule

1 1. Military Elite's 2 2. Military Legacy: 3 3. Military's support

influence traces Colonial Influence extends beyond

back to Mughals and in Punjab and KPK. military rule.

smaller kingdoms.
The Situation Today is as Grim as it

Seems

1 Elite optimism belies Pakistan's 2 Survival through past crises masks

grim reality. deep-rooted problems.

3 Legacy of the 1971 crisis continues 4 " Pakistan is running out of

to haunt Pakistan today. countries to fall behind "

Jinnah's Vision for Pakistan's Governance

Jinnah's Vision: A 1

Parliamentary Democracy

Jinnah envisioned Pakistan as a vibrant

parliamentary democracy, with a strong 2 Costly Deviations: Altering

system of checks and balances to Pakistan's Democratic

prevent the concentration of power. Foundation

Repeated deviations from Jinnah's

democratic blueprint, through military
Toxic Political Landscape: 3 coups and authoritarian rule, have come
Effects on Governance at a great cost to Pakistan's stability
The legacy of these deviations has and progress.
created a toxic political landscape,
marked by polarization, power
struggles, and a weakening of
democratic institutions.
Silver linings and hope for the future
Nuclear Achievement: Strategic
Weight Beyond Economic Merit
Despite economic challenges, Pakistan's
successful development of nuclear
capabilities has bolstered its strategic
position and regional influence. This
achievement represents a source of national
pride and deterrence against external
threats.
Youth Initiative: Driving Progress
Independently
Pakistan's young and dynamic population is
a wellspring of untapped potential.
Grassroots initiatives by the youth,
leveraging technology and entrepreneurship,
offer promising paths towards self-reliant
and sustainable development.
Pakistan: 75 Beleaguered Years (by Tahir

Kamran)
Jinnah's Dream and Problems
Diverse Vision
Jinnah envisioned a Pakistan
that embraced diversity,
with equal rights and
representation for all
citizens regardless of their
background.
Power Struggles
After Jinnah's passing, the
country faced internal power
struggles and political
instability, threatening to
undermine the founder's
inclusive vision.
Challenges Ahead
Maintaining Jinnah's dream
of a unified, democratic
Pakistan in the face of
sectarian tensions and
regional divides proved to
be a daunting task for the
new nation.
Military Takes Control

1. Military leaders gained power.

2. Outside forces influenced Pakistan.

Extreme Beliefs and Divisions

Rise of Extremism 1

Extremist ideologies and radical groups

gained traction, fueling sectarian
tensions and undermining national unity. 2 Struggle for Unity

Pakistan's diverse population found it

increasingly challenging to find common
ground, as deep-rooted political,
religious, and ethnic divisions widened.
Trouble with Politics and Leadership

Military Influence Corruption Allegations

The military continued to wield significant power Political leaders faced persistent corruption
in the political landscape, undermining the charges, eroding public trust and hindering
autonomy and independence of civilian effective governance.
institutions.
What's Ahead for Pakistan
Continued Challenges
Pakistan continues to face
deep-rooted political, economic,
and social problems that
threaten its stability and
development.
Uncertain Future
The path forward for Pakistan
remains unclear, as it struggles
to overcome its historical
divisions and build a shared
vision for the nation.
Need for Leadership
Effective, visionary leadership
will be crucial in guiding
Pakistan towards a more
prosperous and unified future.
Pakistan at 100 years: What do we need

to do for a better future?

Shaping a brighter future for Pakistan

Future Prospects for Pakistan's Urgent Decisions for a Brighter

Youth Future

Highlight the potential opportunities and Emphasize the importance of making timely
challenges for the youth in Pakistan. and strategic decisions for a better future.
For a prosperous Pakistan in 2047

Real-life Reflection of Impact of High Stunting Challenges in Education

Statistics Rate and Fertility Rate and Learning Outcomes

Pakistan's development in Addressing the high stunting Investing in quality education,

2047 must be anchored in rate and fertility rate will be from early childhood to
tangible, measurable progress. crucial for Pakistan's future. vocational training, will be
essential for equipping
Pakistan's youth.
Sustaining growth: The Investment
challenge
Insufficient Investment in Pakistan
Pakistan has historically faced challenges in
attracting consistent and sufficient
investment, both from domestic and foreign
sources, hindering its infrastructure
development and economic growth.
Impact on Infrastructure and
Economic Development
Lack of investment has led to the deterioration
of Pakistan's roads, bridges, power grids, and
other critical infrastructure, hampering
productivity and limiting the country's ability
to attract new businesses.
Nothing changes without structural

transformation

1 Limited Firm 2 Challenges in 3 Factors

Capabilities and Growth and Contributing to

Innovation Employment Resource

Misallocation
Pakistan has highest gender wage gap in

world

Low Women's Workforce 1

Participation

Pakistan has one of the lowest rates of

women's participation in the workforce 2 Importance of Inclusive

globally, largely due to cultural and Growth for Pakistan's

societal barriers that limit women's Development

access to education and economic Achieving inclusive and sustainable

opportunities. economic development in Pakistan
requires addressing the systemic
barriers that prevent women from fully
participating in the workforce and
earning equal pay for equal work.
Elite capture of policymaking hobbles

governance

1 State Capture by Patronage 2 Balancing Political Stability with

Interests Accountability
Pakistan progresses on poverty

reduction — but what about equity?

1 Compounding Inequalities in 2 Economic Unsustainability of

Access to Basic Services Inequality of Opportunities

Towards a clean and green

Pakistan

1 Threat of Environmental Degradation to

Sustainability

2 Interconnectedness of Environmental Health,

Poverty, and Economic Growth

3 Immediate Benefits of Environmental Action for

Vulnerable Populations
A Regional Counter Narrative

Shared Responsibility

1 For connectivity transformation

Mutual Benefits
2
Of improved regional connectivity

Strengthening regional cooperation and connectivity is a shared responsibility that can unlock mutual
benefits for all stakeholders. By fostering a counter narrative rooted in common interests and
interdependence, we can drive transformative change and promote sustainable development across the
region.
Conclusion
Socio Economic

Development

1 Prioritizing child welfare.

2 Promoting sustainable investment.

3 Fostering business innovation.

Empowerment and Inclusivity

Advancing women's Ensuring Reducing poverty

empowerment environmental through inclusive

Empower women through

sustainability policies

equal access to education, Adopt green initiatives that Design targeted

healthcare, and economic protect natural resources interventions that address
opportunities. Promote and ecosystems. Invest in the root causes of poverty.
policies that break down renewable energy, reduce Expand social safety nets,
social barriers and enable waste, and promote eco- improve access to
women to reach their full friendly practices to build a education and healthcare,
potential. sustainable future. and create economic
opportunities for
marginalized communities.
Regional Connectivity and Cooperation

Enhancing Regional Strengthening Promoting Peace and

Connectivity Diplomatic Ties Stability

Strengthening cross-border Fostering trust and Collaborating to address shared

infrastructure, transportation
networks, and digital linkages to
facilitate the seamless flow of
goods, services, and people
across the region.
understanding through open
dialogues, confidence-building
measures, and the
establishment of robust
diplomatic frameworks.
security challenges, resolve
conflicts through peaceful
means, and cultivate an
environment of mutual trust and
cooperation.
Vision for a Better Tomorrow

1 Learning from past experiences.

2 Embracing inclusive governance.

3 Striving for sustainable development and progress.