Electric Potential E Capacitor

Electrostatic Potential Energy

Electrostatic Potential

Potential due to
Dipole
Equipotential surfaces
conductors

capacitors

1- 2Q/s
Electrostatic Potential Energy
work external
done
by an
force to
bring the

charges acceleration
from infinity to their respective position
without .

Potential
1 .

Energy of two
charges .

r
• •

q, 92

U
Leo 919,2
f-
date
= = -

2. Potential Energy for system of than

more 2
charges
U =
Uz t Uz z
t Mz , ( for 3
charges system)
Q

r r
U -
-

3kt
r
Q r Q

Electrostatic Potential
Electrostatic potential Electrostatic Potential
Energy
=

charge
scalar
quantity
• Unit : VOLT 2 volt = 2 Joule

2 Columb
 Potential Due to system of charges
+
+ +

Q Q +
+
r Q

/ r E I
-

a •
-

+
• s
8
JI t t

Q Q t e

"c =
KI
Ye = 4 Ok r

T uniformly charged
+
+
Ring
t Q3
R '
l 3
p
-

Q2
+ # r, o

"
+
et o,
Potential on axial
point due to

uniformly charged
ring
¥ -10¥ ¥3
VO K
up =
KQ_ = +

2
R2 t n ,

Hollow spherical shell Uniformly charged sphere

-
+ r
+
+ vin r
o
+
r r v out r
p
+ t
t

[3R{z )
+ Vin = K Q
V out = r > R =
KQ
T
at centre
3zV surface
O V centre
-

r -
=

win V
surface Hons tant
KRI
= =
=

vent
KI
=

v v

KI parabola
v -
-

R
, {Vs
1
V2
Ig vs c -
-
i v at

i r
i

,
r
hyperbola k
R
Potential Due to Dipole

yo K P Celso
⑧A
=

'
•
r2 -
a' cos O

r
P lies ranis
•

Sf on
⑨
0=0 cos 0=2
w

u =
K P AO yo BO
r2 -
at
a a
+
q
-

n f q
•
Sf P lies on other side ②
0=1800 cos O = -
2

Y K P

Dipole
=
-

re - or
moment

P lies
•
Sf on
equatorial line
0=900 cos 0=0

y = O
I
a

Equipotential Surfaces
An
•

imaginary surface ,
every point of which is
.

at same
potential .

•
du -
-
O ; E air
- =
o .

E Ir normal
ie e → Electric
field is
always
to equipotential surfaces .

•
closely spaced equipotential surfaces represent stronger
electric
field .

For concentric
equipotential surfaces
•
point charge ,
^
.

r L 7
>
(
•
j q
' '

s decreasing potential
s

For
•
dipole equatorial plane represents
,
one

equipotential surface .

• •
+
q q
-

V
-
- O

Relation between Electric Field E Potential

"
brexternal
f E. d-
V = -

: . Vf -
Vi =
-

Go ri

•
• ve
sign means as one moves in
-

.
,

direction of electric field , potential decreases

 Conductors .
.

Behaviour conductor Electrostatic

of in
field : -

free
•
charges present in conductor start
moving
action until electric
under of electric
field net

field inside it is ZERO .

Under static conditions :

• Electric
field inside conductor is ZERO .

surface of conductor is Equipotential

At electric normal to
•
surface , field is
surface .

G)
tr (radius
&
•
Surface charge Density
of curve )

Potential
Energy of Dipole
>
"
Uz U PE Gosh Cosa)

¥8
-
-
= -

>
Let O 90
reference
-

as
-

>
E
Uz - O =
-

PE @esOz -
cos 90
)
U = -

pecoso
( External
Electric
field) u = -
T E -
 i

Capacitors ^

•
Arrangement of two isolated conductor
carrying
equal and
opposite charge is
capacitor .

• Stores electrostatic fuetential energy in

form of
electric
field .

farad
C
§ Clu
= or

Parallel plate capacitor

+
q
-

q .

+ -

+
- E = or
+
-

-
Eo A
+ -

d 11 =
Ed

C
KEoAd
=

A : Area of plates
nd : Distance between plates
 c

l
V

nergy
stored when
capacitor
-

connected to
battery
E =

{ CUZ =
I QV =
QI
2C

Eu-wide =
{ Eo
EZ
(E :
Electric field
)
2
• Heat supplied by battery = QV = Cv

Effect of Dielectric slab

-
-

+ Q -
Q t Q - Q

÷÷÷¥÷÷
→ →

← t →

← d -

C
=EoAd
t t -
+

k
combination of capacitors
series
Ci Cz Cz
Q = Cl Vi =
Czvz =
Czvz
V, Vz vz
← v - Y V,
= + Vz +
Vz

÷usuetant ÷ I §
+ +
=

Parallel
Q, ,
C,

Qz.cz Q =
Q ,
t
Qz +
Qz

Qz.cz CY = GV + Cz V t
Czv

✓ ( =
G t Cz t
Cz
resultant

Wheatstone Bridge
Ci
C,
(Z

Cz Cs Cz
→
es § =§y
# B A
B
Cs can be
S removed
q q
A
CAB =
Eo A
n
plates (n Dd
-

Cz
th (
y = C , V, + Cz Uz t 3h13
•
(
Cl t Cz + (
VI C
,
V 3 ,
Vz 3

capacitor with Dielectric

( =
(K) to A
, tkz
K, Td
K2 Keff =
ki

ti ta
C =
KWA =
KEOA
- -

t ttz d
- -

Ki Kz ,

9ft , =
tz =
Gz
214kg
Reff =

K, +
Kz
 loss
Sharing of charge of of Energy
2 when tve plate of one capacitor connected
to + ve
plate of other
capacitor
+ Q . . G. ur
common potential
11 = GV, t Cz Vz
'

+ Cl t
Cz
Q2 , Cz , Vz

.ci
¥ Loss of
-
'

Q ,
=
energy
.
in re -
distribution
< ,
+ .

of charges
Qi .cz DU (v )
"

iz vz
-
-
-
.

when we plate capacitor

z of one
connected to ve -

plate of other
'
Q ,
Ci , y Q, .
C,

← v →

'

Q2 Cz Vz ,
Q2 , Cz
,

common potential Qi =
I
Qz Cz
'

y =
CIV, -
Cz V z
Loss of
C, t Cz Energy :

'
Du =

I ( Vit Va)
PREVIOUS YRS Im PT