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Green Sustainable Process
for Chemical and
Environmental Engineering
and Science
Biomedical Application of
Biosurfactant in Medical Sector
This page intentionally left blank
Green Sustainable Process
for Chemical and
Environmental Engineering
and Science
Biomedical Application of
Biosurfactant in Medical Sector
Edited by
Inamuddin
Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and
Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, India
v
vi Contents
9.2 Specific examples of antifungal and antibacterial properties of iturins ............... 191
9.3 Specific examples of lipopeptides as antibacterial and antifungal agents............ 192
9.4 The antiparasitic and antitumor activities of surfactin.......................................... 193
9.5 Synthesis, extraction, and purification of biosurfactant ........................................ 195
9.6 Physicochemical separation parameters of biosurfactants .................................... 195
9.7 Direct liquid partitioning from cell culture ........................................................... 196
9.8 Separation by precipitation .................................................................................... 196
9.9 Solvent extraction................................................................................................... 197
9.10 Ammonium sulfate precipitation method .............................................................. 197
9.11 Zinc sulfate precipitation method .......................................................................... 197
9.12 Acid precipitation method...................................................................................... 197
9.13 Studies on extraction and purification of biosurfactants....................................... 197
9.14 Characterization of biosurfactant ........................................................................... 198
9.15 Fourier transform infrared features of glycolipids ................................................ 199
9.16 Fengycin ................................................................................................................. 200
9.17 Isolation and purification of lipopeptides.............................................................. 200
9.18 Conclusion and future recommendation ................................................................ 200
References............................................................................................................... 201
CHAPTER 15 Hemolysis and formation of ion channels in lipid membrane ........ 289
Aarati Panchbhai
15.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 289
15.2 Role of biosurfactants ............................................................................................ 289
15.3 Classification of surfactants ................................................................................... 290
15.4 Mechanism of hemolysis caused by surfactants.................................................... 290
15.5 Role of lipid layer in pore formation and membrane lysis................................... 290
15.6 Mechanism of pore formation and membrane lysis .............................................. 291
15.6.1 The three-stage model by helenius and simons ........................................ 291
15.6.2 Modes of membrane disordering ............................................................... 292
15.7 Applications of biosurfactants ............................................................................... 292
15.8 Structural aspects of biosurfactants playing role in hemolysis and
membrane lysis....................................................................................................... 292
15.9 Factors influencing pore formation........................................................................ 293
15.10 Research work on the role of surfactants in hemolysis ........................................ 293
xii Contents
15.11 Research on the role of biosurfactants in pore formation and membrane lysis ......... 294
15.12 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 295
References............................................................................................................... 295
CHAPTER 16 Biosurfactant as a vehicle for targeted antitumor and
anticancer drug delivery .................................................................. 299
Hanaa Ali Hussein and Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
16.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 299
16.2 Properties of biosurfactant ..................................................................................... 300
16.3 Antitumor and anticancer properties of biosurfactants ......................................... 301
16.4 Biosurfactants as drug carriers............................................................................... 309
16.4.1 Microemulsions.......................................................................................... 309
16.4.2 Nanoparticles.............................................................................................. 310
16.4.3 Vesicles ...................................................................................................... 312
16.5 Conclusion and future outlook............................................................................... 313
References............................................................................................................... 313
Further reading ....................................................................................................... 317
xxiii
xxiv List of contributors
K.B. Arun
Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
Pramod K. Avti
Department of Biophysics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
(PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
Hamidreza Bagheri
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of
Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Shiv Bahadur
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
Bubun Banerjee
Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, India
Syqa Banoo
Department of Chemistry, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India
Andreea Irina Barzic
“PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
Masrat Bashir
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
K. Bhanu Revathi
Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
Parameswaran Binod
Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary
Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Arunima Biswas
Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
Arushi Chauhan
Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
(PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
Arun chelliah
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
Bruna Galdorfini Chiari-Andréo
Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Araraquara–UNIARA, Araraquara,
São Paulo, Brazil
Glauber Cruz
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Post-Graduate Program in
Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Materials, Avenida Getúlio Vargas 04,
Monte Castelo, São Luı́s, Brazil; Federal University of Maranhão, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, São Luı́s, Brazil
List of contributors xxv
Isadora Frigieri
Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Araraquara–UNIARA, Araraquara,
São Paulo, Brazil
Anirban Garg
Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
Saswati Gharami
Chemistry Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
xxvi List of contributors
Krishnamoorthy Lalitha
Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University,
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
Aravind Madhavan
Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Flávia F. Magalhães
Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro,
Portugal
D. Manikandan
Department of Chemistry, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore,
India
Laura Arruda Mascaro
Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Araraquara–UNIARA, Araraquara,
São Paulo, Brazil
G. Meghana
Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
Piyush Pradeep Mehta
Department of Quality Assurance, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University,
Pune, India
S.U. Mohammed Riyaz
Department of Biotechnology, Isiamiah College, Vaniyambadi, India
Ali Mohebbi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of
Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Mina Naderi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of
Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Sumaira Naeem
Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Subbiah Nagarajan
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal (Institute of National
Importance), Hanamkonda, Telangana, India
Jawayria Najeeb
Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Nayra Najeeb
Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
S. Nalini
Centre for Ocean Research (DST-FIST Sponsored Center), MoES—Earth Science & Technology
Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies), Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Research Park, Sathyabama Institute
of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
xxviii List of contributors
Apoorv Rana
Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India
Prasanth Rathinam
Department of Biochemistry, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and In-charge of
Biochemistry Laboratory and Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Pushpagiri Research Center,
Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Kanwal Rehman
Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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