Integral Calculus

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 17
Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 30
Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 37
Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 42
Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 50
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 152
DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 52
Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 59
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 154

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DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 110
Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 120
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 156

Chapter 01 9
Integration is the inverse process of differentiation. That is, 4. If f1(x), f2(x), f3(x), ... (finite in number) are functions of
the process of finding a function, whose differential x, then
coefficient is known, is called integration.
If the differential coefficient of F(x) is f (x), ò [ f (x) ± f
1 2 (x) ± f 3 (x)...]dx
d = ò f 1 (x)dx ± ò f 2 (x)dx ± ò f 3 (x)dx ± ...

i.e. [F(x)] = f (x), then we say that the antiderivative or
dx
5. If ò f (x)dx = F(x) + c
integral of f (x) is F(x), written as ò f (x)dx = F(x),
1
then ò f (ax ± b)dx = F(ax ± b) + c
Here ò dx is the notation of integration f (x) is the integrand, a
x is the variable of integration and dx denotes the integration
6. Suppose I and J are intervals, g: J ® I is differentiable
with respect to x.
and f : I ® R has integral with primitive F. Then
(fog).g’ : J ® R has an integral and
1. INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
ò fog .g ' x dx = ò f g x g ' x dx = F g x + c
1.1 Definition
1.3 Standard Formulae of Integration
d
We know that if [F(x)] = f (x) , then ò f (x)dx = F(x). The following results are a direct consequence of the
dx
definition of an integral.
Also, for any arbitrary constant C,
n x n +1
d
[F(x) + C] =
d
[F(x)] + 0 = f (x).
1. òx dx =
n +1
+ C, n ¹ -1.
dx dx
1
\ ò f (x)dx = F(x) + C, 2. ò x dx = log | x | +C
This shows that F(x) and F(x) + C are both integrals of the x
3. òe dx = e x + C
same function f(x). Thus, for different values of C, we obtain
different integrals of f(x). This implies that the integral of f(x)
is not definite. By virtue of this property F(x) is called the x ax
indefinite integral of f(x).
4. ò a dx = log e a
+ C.
1.2 Properties of Indefinite Integration

5. ò sin x dx = - cos x + C
d é
1.
dx ë ò
f (x)dx ùû = f (x) 6. ò cos x dx = sin x + C
2
d
7. ò sec x dx = tan x + C
2. ò f '(x)dx = ò dx [ f (x)]dx = f (x) + c 2
8. ò cos ec x dx = - cot x + C
3. ò k f (x)dx = k ò f (x) dx , where k is any constant 9. ò sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
SCAN CODE
Indefinite Integration
10
10. ò cos ec x cot x dx = - cos ec x + C. 1 1

= f (t) = f (x n ) + c
n n
11. ò tan x dx = - log | cos x | +C = log | sec x | +C. (iii) When the integrand is of the form [ f (x)]n . f ´(x), we put
f (x) = t and f ´(x) dx = dt.
12. ò cot x dx = log | sin x | +C
13. ò sec x dx = log | sec x + tan x | + C n
f ´(x) dx = ò t n dt =
t n +1 [ f (x)]n +1
Thus, ò [ f (x)] n +1
=
n +1
+c
14. ò cos ec x dx = log | cos ec x - cot x | + C

f ´(x)
(iv) When the integrand is of the form , we put
dx f (x)
15. ò = sin -1 x + C ; | x | < 1
2
1- x f (x) = t and f ´(x) dx = dt.
dx
16. ò 1+ x 2
= tan -1 x + C f ´( x) dt
Thus, ò dx = ò = log | t |= log| f ( x ) | + c
f ( x) t
dx
17. òx = sec -1 | x | + C ; | x | > 1 2.2 Some Special Integrals
2
x -1
dx 1 x
2. INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION 1. ò x2 + a2 = tan -1 + C
a a
2.1 Method of Substitution

dx 1 x -a
2. òx 2 2
= log +C
-a 2a x +a
By suitable substitution, the variable x in ò f (x) dx is
changed into another variable t so that the integrand f (x) is dx 1 a+x
3. òa 2
= log +C
changed into F(t) which is some standard integral or - x 2 2a a-x
algebraic sum of standard integrals.
There is no general rule for finding a proper substitution dx x
4. ò = sin -1 +C
and the best guide in this matter is experience. a -x2 2 a
However, the following suggestions will prove useful.
If the integrand is of the form f ´ (ax + b), then we put dx
(i) 5. ò = log x + x 2 + a 2 + C
x + a2
2
1
ax + b = t and dx = dt.
a
dx
6. ò = log x + x 2 - a 2 + C
2 2
dt x -a
Thus, ò f ´(ax + b) dx =ò f ´(t) a
x 2 a2 x
7. ò a 2 - x 2 dx = a - x 2 + sin -1 + C
1 f (t) f (ax + b) 2 2 a
= f ´(t) dt = = +c
aò a a
x a2
(ii) When the integrand is of the form xn – 1 f ´(xn), we put 8. ò x 2 + a 2 dx = x 2 + a 2 + log x + x 2 + a 2 + C
2 2
xn = t and nxn – 1 dx = dt.
x a2
n -1 n dt 1 9. ò x 2 - a 2 dx = x 2 - a 2 - log x + x 2 - a 2 + C
Thus, ò x f ´(x )dx =ò f ´(t) = ò f ´(t) dt 2 2
n n
SCAN CODE
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2.3 Integrals of the Form 2.5 Integrals of the Form
(a) òf a 2 - x 2 dx, px + q px + q
(a) dx , (b) ò dx,
ò ax 2
+ bx + c ax 2 + bx + c
(b) òf a 2 + x 2 dx,
(c) ò ( px + q ) ax 2 + bx + c dx
2 2
(c) òf x -a dx,
Working Rule
æa-xö
(d) ò f ç ÷ dx,
èa+xø px + q
(a) ò ax 2
+ bx + c
dx
Working Rule
Integral Substitution Put px + q = l (2ax + b) + m or
px + q = l (derivative of quadratic) + m.
òf a 2 - x 2 dx , x = a sin q or x = a cos q
Comparing the coefficient of x and constant term on both
2 2 sides, we get
òf a +x dx , x = a tan q or x = a cot q
p æ bp ö
x 2 - a 2 dx , p = 2al and q = bl + m Þ l = and m = ç q - 2a ÷ .Then
òf x = a sec q or x = a cosec q 2a è ø
integral becomes
æa-xö æa+ xö
ò f çè a + x ÷ø dx or ò f çè a - x ÷ø dx x = a cos 2q
px + q
ò ax 2
dx
+ bx + c
2.4 Integrals of the Form
p 2ax + b æ bp ö dx
= ò 2
dx + ç q - ÷ ò 2
dx dx 2a ax + bx + c è 2a ø ax + bx + c
(a) ò ax 2
, (b) ò ,
+ bx + c 2
ax + bx + c
p æ bp ö dx
= log | ax 2 + bx + c | + ç q - ÷ ò 2
(c) 2
ax + bx + c dx 2a è 2a ø ax + bx + c
ò
Working Rule px + q
(b) ò dx
ax 2 + bx + c
(i) Make the coefficient of x2 unity by taking the
coefficient of x2 outside the quadratic. In this case the integral becomes
(ii) Complete the square in the terms involving x, i.e.
px + q
write ax2 + bx + c in the form Þò dx
ax 2 + bx + c
éæ b ö
2
ù b 2 - 4ac
a êç x + ÷ ú- . p 2ax + b æ bp ö dx
êëè 2a ø úû 4a Þ ò dx + ç q - ÷ ò
2a 2
ax + bx + c è 2a ø ax + bx + c
2
(iii) The integrand is converted to one of the nine special

integrals. p æ bp ö dx
Þ ax 2 + bx + c + ç q - ÷ ò
(iv) Integrate the function. a è 2a ø ax + bx + c
2
(c) ò (px + q) ax 2 + bx + c dx
The integral in this case is converted to
SCAN CODE
12

2 p
ò (px + q) ax + bx + c dx = ò 2ax + b ax 2 + bx + c dx
2a
dx
òP , where P, Q are linear or quadratic functions of x.
æ bp ö Q
+ ç q - ÷ ò ax 2 + bx + c dx
è 2a ø Integral Substitution
1
ò (ax + b) dx cx + d = z2
p æ bp ö cx + d
= (ax 2 + bx + c)3/ 2 + ç q - ÷ ò ax 2 + bx + c dx
3a è 2a ø
dx
2.6 Integrals of the Form ò (ax 2
+ bx + c) px + q
px + q = z2
P(x) dx
ò dx, where P(x) is a polynomial in x of 1
2
ax + bx + c ò (px + q) 2
ax + bx + c
px + q =
z
degree n ³ 2.
dx 1
Working Rule: ò (ax 2
+ b) cx 2 + d
x= .
z
P(x)
Write ò dx = æ p
1
p
2
p
k ö
2 ç q q q ÷ dx
ax + bx + c 2.9 Integrals of the Form ò R x, x , x ,..., x k
1 2
çç ÷÷
è ø
= (a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + ... + an -1 x n -1 )
p p p
æ 1 2 k ö
2 dx To evaluate ò R ç x, x 1 , x 2 ,..., x
q q q
k ÷ dx where R is a rational
ax + bx + c + k ò çç ÷÷
ax 2 + bx + c è ø
where k, a0, a1, ... an – 1 are constants to be determined by p

1
p
k
q q
differentiating the above relation and equating the function of its variables x, x ....., x 1 k
, put x = tn where n is
coefficients of various powers of x on both sides. the L.C.M of the denomination of the fractions
2.7 Integrals of the Form p1/q1, p2/q2,....., pk/qk .
3. INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS

2 2
x +1 x -1
òx 4
dx or òx dx,
+ kx 2 + 1 4
+ kx 2 + 1 p ( x)
Integrals of the type ò can be integrated by resolving
where k is a constant positive, negative or zero. g ( x)
the integrand into partial fractions. We proceed as follows:
Working Rule
Check degree of p (x) and g (x).
(i) Divide the numerator and denominator by x2. If degree of p (x) > degree of g (x), then divide p (x) by g (x)
till its degree is less, i.e. put in the
1 1
(ii) Put x - = z or x + = z , whichever subsitution, on
p( x) f ( x)
x x form = r ( x) + where degree of f (x) < degree of
differentiation gives, the numerator of the resulting g ( x) g ( x)
integrand. g (x).
(iii) Evaluate the resulting integral in z CASE 1: When the denominator contains non-repeated
(iv) Express the result in terms of x. linear factors. That is
SCAN CODE
13
g (x) = (x – a1) (x – a2) ... (x – an). CASE 5 : If the integrand contains only even powers of x
In such a case write f (x) and g (x) as: (i) Put x2 = z in the integrand.
(ii) Resolve the resulting rational expression in z into
f ( x) A1 A2 An partial fractions
= + + ... +
g ( x) ( x - a1 ) ( x - a 2 ) (x -an )
(iii) Put z = x2 again in the partial fractions and then
where A1, A2, ... An are constants to be determined by integrate both sides.
comparing the coefficients of various powers of x on both
sides after taking L.C.M. 4. INTEGRATION BY PARTS
CASE 2 : When the denominator contains repeated as well The process of integration of the product of two functions is
as non-repeated linear factor. That is known as integration by parts.
g (x) = (x – a1)2 (x – a3) ... (x – an). For example, if u and v are two functions of x,
In such a case write f (x) and g (x) as:
æ du ö
then ò (uv ) dx = u.ò v dx - ò ç .ò v dx ÷ dx.
A1 A2 A3 An è dx ø
f ( x)
= + + + ... +
g ( x) x - a1 ( x - a1 ) 2 x - a 3 (x -an ) In words, integral of the product of two functions = first function
× integral of the second – integral of (differential of first ×
where A1, A2, ... An are constants to determined by comparing integral of the second function).
the coefficients of various powers of x on both sides after
taking L.C.M. Working Hints
Note : Corresponding to repeated linear factor (x – a)r in the
(i) Choose the first and second function in such a way that
denominator, a sum of r partial fractions of the
derivative of the first function and the integral of the second
A1 A2 Ar function can be easily found.
type + 2
+ ... + is taken.
x - a (x - a) (x - a)r n
(ii) In case of integrals of the form ò f (x). x dx, take xn as the
CASE 3 : When the denominator contains a non repeated
first function and f (x) as the second function.
quadratic factor which cannot be factorised further:
g (x) = (ax2 + bx + c) (x – a3) (x – a4) ... (x – an). (iii) In case of integrals of the form ò (log x ) n × 1 dx , take 1 as
In such a case express f (x) and g (x) as: the second function and (log x)n as the first function.
f ( x) A1 x + A2 A3 An (iv) Rule of integration by parts may be used repeatedly, if
= + + ... +
g ( x) ax 2 + bx + c x - a 3 x - an required.
(v) If the two functions are of different type, we can choose the
where A1, A2, ... An are constants to be determined by
first function as the one whose initial comes first in the
comparing the coefficients of various powers of x on both
word “ILATE”, where
sides after taking L.C.M.
I — Inverse Trigonometric function
CASE 4 : When the denominator contains a repeated
quadratic factor which cannot be factorised further: That is L — Logarithmic function
g (x) = (ax2 + bx + c)2 (x – a5) (x – a6) ... (x – an) A — Algebraic function
In such a case write f (x) and g (x) as T — Trigonometric function
E — Exponential function.
f ( x) A1 x + A2 A3 x + A4 A5 An
= + + + ... + (vi) In case, both the functions are trigonometric, take that
g ( x) ax 2 + bx + c (ax 2 + bx + c )2 x - a5 (x - an )
function as second function whose integral is simple. If
where A1, A2, ... An are constants to be determined by both the functions are algebraic, take that function as first
comparing the coefficients of various powers of x on both function whose derivative is simpler.
sides after taking L.C.M.
SCAN CODE
14
(vii) If the integral consists of an inverse trigonometric function 5. INTEGRATION OF VARIOUS TRIGONOMETRIC
of an algebraic expression in x, first simplify the integrand FUNCTIONS
by a suitable trigonometric substitution and then integrate
the new integrand. 5.1 Integral of the Form
4.1 Integrals of the Form:

dx dx
Where the initial integrand reappears after integrating by
(a) ò a + b cos x (b) ò
a + b sin x
parts.
Working Rule dx
(c) ò a + b cos x + c sin x
(i) Apply the method of integration by parts twice.
(ii) On integrating by parts second time, we will obtain Working Rule
the given integrand again, put it equal to I.
(iii) Transpose and collect terms involving I on one side x x
1 - tan 2 2 tan
and evaluate I. 2 and sin x = 2
(i) Put cos x = so that the given
2 x 2 x
4.2 Integrals of the Form 1 + tan 1 + tan
2 2
x
òe éë f x + f ´ x ùû dx x
integrand becomes a function of tan .
2
Working Rule
(i) Split the integral into two integrals. x 1 2 x
(ii) Put tan = z Þ sec dx = dz
2 2 2
(ii) Integrate only the first integral by parts, i.e.
(iii) Integrate the resulting rational algebraic function of z
x
ò e éë f x + f ´ x ùû dx
x
(iv) In the answer, put z = tan .
2
= ò e x f ( x) dx + ò e x f ´( x) dx
= é f (x).e x - ò f ´(x).e x dx ù + ò e x f ´(x) dx
ë û
dx dx
(a) ò (b) ò
x
= e f (x) + C. a + b cos 2 x a + b sin 2 x
4.3 Integrals of the Form dx

(c) ò
a cos x + b sin x cos x + c sin 2 x
2
ò f ( x) + xf '( x ) dx
Working Rule
= ò f ( x) dx + ò x f '( x) dx
(i) Divide the numerator and denominator by cos2x.
(ii) In the denominator, replace sec2x, if any, by 1 + tan2x.
=ò f ( x) dx + é x f ( x) - ò 1. f ( x ) dx ù = xf ( x) + c
ë û (iii) Put tan x = z Þ sec2x dx = dz.
(iv) Integrate the resulting rational algebraic function of z.
(v) In the answer, put z = tan x.
SCAN CODE
15
5.3 Integrals of the Form (iv) Substitute the values of l, m, n found in Step (ii).

a cos x + b sin x
ò c cos x + d sin x dx
m
ò sin x cos n x dx
Working Role
Working Rule
(i) Put Numerator = l (denominator) + m (derivative of
denominator) (i) If the power of sin x is an odd positive integer, put cos x = t.
a cos x + b sin x = l (c cos x + d sin x) + m (– c sin x + d cos x).
(ii) If the power of cos x is an odd positive integer, put sin x = t.
(ii) Equate coefficients of sin x and cos x on both sides and find
the values of l and m. (iii) If the power of sin x and cos x are both odd positive integers,
put sin x = t or cos x = t.
(iii) Split the given integral into two integrals and evaluate each
integral separately, i.e. (iv) If the power of sin x and cos x are both even positive integers,
then express it as sines or cosines of multiple angles. Further
a cos x + b sin x
ò c cos x + d sin x dx = integrate term by term.
(v) If the sum of powers of sin x and cos x is an even negative
-c sin x + d cos x integer, put tan x = z.
l ò 1dx + m ò dx = l x + m log | c cos x + d sin x | .
c cos x + d sin x
(iv) Substitute the values of l and m found in step 2. 5.6 Integrating ò tan m xsec n xdx

1. When m is odd and any n, rewrite the integrand in terms of
sin x and cos x:
a + b cos x + csin x
ò e + f cos x + g sin x dx m n
æ sin x ö æ 1 ö
tan m x sec n xdx = ç ÷ ç ÷ dx
Working Rule è cos x ø è cos x ø
(i) Put Numerator = l (denominator) + m (derivative of

sin m -1 x
denominator) + n = sin x dx
cos n + m x
a + b cos x + c sin x = l (e + f cos x + g sin x) + m
( – f sin x + g cos x) + n and then substitute u = cosx., du = - sin x dx
(ii) Equate coefficients of sin x, cos x and constant term on both sides sin2x = 1 – cos2x = 1 – u2.
and find the values of l, m, n.
2. Alternatively, if m is odd and n ³ 1 move one factor of sec x
(iii) Split the given integral into three integrals and evaluate
each integral separately, i.e. tan x to the side so that you can see secx tanx dx in the
integral, and substitute u = sec x. du = sec x tan x dx and
a + b cos x + c sin x tan2x = sec2x - 1 = u2 - 1.
ò e + f cos x + g sin x dx
3. If n is even with n ³ 2, move one factor of sec2x to the side so
that you can see sec 2xdx in the integral, and substitute
- f sin x + g cos x dx
= l ò 1dx + m ò dx + n ò u = tan x, du = sec2x dx and sec2x = 1 + tan2x = 1 + u2.
e + f cos x + g sin x e + f cos x + g sin x
4. When m is even and n = 0 – that is the integrand is just an
dx even power of tangent - we can still use the u = tan x
= lx + m log | e + f cos x + g sin x | + n ò dx
e + f cos x + g sin x substitution, after using tan2x = sec2x - 1 (possibly more
than once) to create a sec2x.
SCAN CODE
16
n
6. REDUCTION FORMULA 6.2 Reduction Formula for ò cos x dx
Reduction formuale makes it possible to reduce an integral n n -1

Let I n = ò cos x dx = ò cos x cos x dx
depending on the index n > 0, called the order of the integral,
to an integral of the same type with smaller index. (i.e. To
reduce the integral into similar integral of order less than or nI n = cos n -1 x sin x + (n - 1) I n - 2
greater than given integral). Application of reduction formula
is given with the help of some examples. cos n -1 x sin x n - 1
or ò cos n x dx = + ò cos n - 2 x dx
n n
n
6.1 Reduction Formula for ò sin x dx
n
6.3 Reduction Formula for ò tan x dx
n n -1
Let I n = ò sin x dx = ò sin x sin x dx
I II tan n -1 x
In = - In-2
n -1
= - sin n -1 x cos x + ò ( n - 1) sin n - 2 x cos 2 x dx
n tan n -1 x
ò tan x dx = - ò tan n - 2 x dx
= - sin n -1 x cos x + ( n - 1) ò sin n - 2 x (1 - sin 2 x ) dx n -1
= - sin n -1 x cos x + ( n - 1) ò (sin n - 2 x - sin n x ) dx
= - sin n -1 x cos x + (n - 1) I n - 2 - (n - 1) I n
\ nI n = - sin n -1 x cos x + (n - 1) I n - 2
sin n -1 x cos x n - 1
Þ In = - + I n -2
n n
n - sin n -1 x cos x n - 1
ò sin x dx = + sin n - 2 x dx
n ò
Thus,
n
SCAN CODE
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION 17
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example – 1 Example – 3
æ 3 7 2 ö x4
Evaluate : ò çè x + 5x 2 - 4 + + ÷ dx Evaluate : òx 2
dx
x xø +1
æ 3 2 7 2 ö x4
Sol. òx
ò ç x + 5x - 4 + +
è x x
÷ dx
ø
Sol. 2
+1
dx
7 2 x4 -1+ 1 x4 -1 1
= ò x 3 dx + ò 5x 2 dx - ò 4dx + ò
x
dx + ò
x
dx = ò x 2 + 1 dx = ò x 2 + 1 + x 2 + 1 dx
3 2 1 2 1 x3
= ò x dx + 5 . ò x dx - 4 . ò 1 . dx + 7 . ò dx + 2 . ò x -1/ 2 dx = ò (x - 1) dx + òx 2 dx = – x + tan–1 x + C
x +1 3
Example – 4
x4 x3 æ x1/ 2 ö
= + 5. - 4x + 7 log| x | +2 ç ÷+C
4 3 è 1/ 2 ø
2x + 3x
Evaluate : ò 5x dx
x4 5 3
= + x - 4x + 7 log | x | + 4 x + C
4 3 2x + 3x
Sol. ò 5x dx
Example – 2
æ 2 x 3x ö
Evaluate : òe
x log a
+e a log x
+e a log a
dx = ò ç x + x ÷ dx
è5 5 ø
x x
Sol. We have, é æ 2ö æ3ö ù (2 / 5) x (3 / 5) x
= ò ê +
ç ÷ ç ÷ ú dx = + +C
x log a
+ ea log x + e a log a dx ëê è 5 ø è 5 ø ûú log e 2 / 5 log e 3 / 5
òe
x a a Example – 5
= ò elog a + elog x + e log a dx
3
x a a Evaluate : òx sin x 4 dx
= ò (a + x + a ) dx
x
= ò a dx +
a
dx + ò a a dx Sol. We have
òx
3 4
x a +1
I = ò x sin x dx
a x
= + + aa . x + C.
log a a +1 Let x4 = t Þ d(x4) = dt
1
Þ 4x3 dx = dt Þ dx = dt
4x 3
1 cos t cos ( x 4 )
I= ò sintdt = - +C = - +C
4 4 4
Example – 6 1
= (x + 1) x 2 + 2x + 5 + 2 log |(x + 1) + x 2 + 2x + 5 | + C
2
x
Evaluate : òx 4
+ x2 +1
dx Example – 8
Sol. We have, 1
Evaluate : òx 2
- x +1
dx
x x
I= òx 4
+ x2 +1
dx = ò (x 2 2
) + x2 +1
dx
1
Let x2 = t, then, d (x2) = dt
Sol. òx 2
- x +1
dx
Þ 2x dx = dt
1
dt = ò 1 1
dx
Þ dx = 2
x - x + - +1
2x 4 4
x dt
I= ò . 1
2
t + t + 1 2x = ò (x - 1/ 2) 2
dx
+ 3/ 4
1 1
=
2 ò 2
t + t +1
dt
1
= ò 2 dx
(x - 1/ 2) 2 + 3/2
1 1
2 ò æ 1 ö 2 æ 3 ö2
= dt
ç t + ÷ + çç ÷ 1 æ x - 1/ 2 ö
è 2 ø è 2 ÷ø = tan–1 ç ÷ +C
3/2 è 3/2 ø
æ 1ö 2 æ 2x - 1 ö
1 çt+ ÷ = tan–1 ç
1 2÷ 3 ÷ + C.
ç è 3 ø
= . 3 tan–1 ç 3 ÷ +C
2 2 ç ÷
è 2 ø Example – 9
1 æ 2t + 1 ö 1 æ 2x 2 + 1 ö 1
= tan–1 ç ÷ +C= tan–1 ç ÷ + C. Evaluate : ò dx
3 è 3 ø 3 è 3 ø 9 + 8x - x 2
Example – 7
1
2
Sol. ò 9 + 8x - x 2
dx
Evaluate : ò x + 2x + 5 dx
1
Sol. We have, = ò 2
-{x - 8x - 9}
dx
ò x 2 + 2x + 5
1
2 2 2
= ò 2
-{x - 8x + 16 - 25}
dx
= ò x + 2 x + 1 + 4dx = ò ( x + 1) + 2 dx
1
1
= (x + 1)
1
(x + 1) + 2 + . (2)2 log |(x + 1)
2 2 = ò -{(x - 4) 2 - 52 }
dx
2 2
+ (x + 1) 2 + 22 | + C 1 æ x-4ö
= ò 5 - (x - 4)2
2
dx = sin–1 ç ÷ +C
è 5 ø
Example – 10
2 2
1 11 æ 1ö æ1ö
= ò t dt – ò ç x + ÷ - ç ÷ dx where
2 2 è 2ø è2ø
2x + 3
Evaluate : ò dx
2
x + 4x + 1 t = x2 + x
éì 2 2ù
1 t 3 / 2 11 ê ïí 1 æç x + 1 ö÷ æç x + 1 ö÷ - æç 1 ö÷ ú
2x + 3 = . -
Sol. ò dx 2 3/ 2 2 êï 2 è 2ø è 2ø è 2ø ú
x 2 + 4x + 1 ëî û
(2x + 4) - 1 é 2 ù
1 ö æ 1 ö üï
2 2
= ò 2
x + 4x + 1
dx 1 æ1ö æ 1ö æ
- . ç ÷ log êç x + ÷ + ç x + ÷ - ç ÷ ýú + C
2 è2ø êè 2ø è 2 ø è 2 ø ïú
ë þû
2x + 4 1
= ò 2
x + 4x + 1
dx – ò 2
dx
1 3/2 11 é 2x + 1 2 1 æ 1ö ù
x + 4x + 1 x + x - ln ç x + ÷ + x 2 + x ú + C
= t – ê
3 2 ë 4 8 è 2ø û
dt 1
= ò t
– ò 2
dx, where t = x2 + 4x + 1
1 2
(x + 2) 2 - 3 = (x + x)3/2
3
=2 t – log | (x + 2) + x 2 + 4x + 1 | + C 11 é 2x + 1 x 2 + x - 1 ln æ x + 1 ö + x 2 + x ù
– ê ç ÷ ú +C
2 ë 4 8 è 2ø û
= 2 x 2 + 4x + 1 – log | x + 2 + x 2 + 4x + 1 | + C
1- x2
Evaluate : ò (x - 5) x 2 + x dx ò dx
1+ x2 + x4
d
Sol Let (x – 5) = l . (x2 + x) + m. Then, æ 1ö
dx - ç1- 2 ÷ dx
x ø
x – 5 = l (2x + 1) + m. Sol. ò è (Dividing numerator and denominator by x 2 )
2 1
x + 2 +1
Comparing coefficients of like powers of x, we get x
1 11
1 = 2l and l + m = – 5 Þ l = and m = – 1
2 2 Put x+ =t
x
ò (x - 5) x 2 + x dx dt
Þ -ò 2
t -1
æ1 11 ö
= ò çè 2 (2x + 1) - 2 ÷ø x 2 + x dx
1 t -1
= - ln +C
2 t +1
1 11
= ò 2 (2x + 1) x 2 + x dx – 2 ò x 2 + x dx
1
x+ -1
1 x
1 11 = - ln +C
= ò (2x + 1) x 2 + x dx – ò x 2 + x dx 2 1
2 2 x + +1
x
Example – 13
1 æ u ö 1 1 n- 2
= tan–1 ç ÷ – log +C
2 2 è 2ø 2 2 2 n+ 2
1
Evaluate : òx 4
dx
+1
1 æ x - 1/ x ö 1 x + 1/ x - 2
= tan–1 ç ÷ – log +C
2 2 è 2 ø 4 2 x + 1/ x + 2
Sol. We have,
1 1 æ x2 -1 ö 1 x2 - 2 x + 1
I= òx 4
+1
dx = tan–1 çç ÷÷ – log 2 +C
2 2 è 2xø 4 2 x + x 2 +1
1 Example – 14
x2
Þ I= ò 1
dx
x2 + Evaluate : ò x log(1 + x) dx
x2
2 Sol.
1 2
ò x log(1+ x) dx
II I
Þ I= ò x dx
2 x2 + 1
x2 x2 1 x2
= log (x + 1) .
2
– ò x +1 . 2
dx
1 1
1+ 2 1- 2 x2 1 x2
1 x x
Þ I= ò -
2 x2 + 1 x2 + 1
dx =
2
log (x + 1) –
2 ò x + 1 dx
x2 x2
x2 1 x2 -1+1
=
2
log (x + 1) –
2 ò x + 1 dx
1 1
1+ 2 1- 2
1 x 1 x x2 1 x2 - 1 1
Þ I= ò dx – ò dx = log (x + 1) – ò x + 1 + x + 1 dx
2 x2 + 1 2 x2 + 1 2 2
x2 x2
x2 1é æ 1 ö ù
= log (x + 1) – ê ò ç (x - 1) + ÷ dx
2 2ë è x + 1 ø úû
1
1+
1 x2 2
Þ I=
2
ò æ 1 ö2 dx =
x2
log (x + 1) –
1 éx ù
ê - x + log | x + 1|ú + C
çx - ÷ +2 2 2 ë2 û
è xø
Example – 15
1
1-
1 x2 sin -1 x - cos -1 x
Þ I=– ò
2 æ 1ö
2 dx Evaluate ò sin -1
dx
çx + ÷ -2 x + cos -1 x
è xø
1 1 sin -1 x - cos -1 x
Putting x – = u in 1st integral and x + = n in 2nd Sol. ò sin dx
-1
x x x + cos -1 x
integral, we get
sin -1 x - (p / 2 - sin -1 x )
=ò dx
1 du 1 dn p/ 2
I= -
2 ò u2 + 2 2
2 ò n2 - 2 2
{Q sin–1 q + cos–1 q = p/2}.

2
I= (2 sin -1 x - p / 2) dx Sol. Given, òf x dx = ψ x
pò
Þ
5 3
Let I= ò x f x dx
4
I = ò sin -1 x dx - ò 1.dx
p
put x 3 = t
4
I= sin -1 x dx - x + c
pò
... (i)
dt
Þ x 2 dx = ....(i)
2
3
Let x = sin q, then dx = 2 sin q cos q dq = sin 2q dq
-1
\ ò sin x dx = ò q .sin 2 q dq 1
\I = tf t dt
3ò
I II
applying integration by parts
-1 cos 2q 1 1é ìd ü ù
ò sin x dx = -q .
2
+ ò cos 2q dq
2
=
3 êë ò
t f t dt - ò í
î dt
t ò f (t) dt ýþ dt úû
-q 1 [Integration by parts]
= .cos 2q + sin 2q
2 4
1é
-1. q 1 = tψ t - ò ψ t dt ù
= . (1 - 2sin 2 q) + .sin q . 1 - sin 2 q 3ë û
2 2
-1 -1 1 1
= sin x (1 - 2x) + . x 1 - x ... (ii) = é x 3 ψ x3 - 3ò x 2 ψ x 3 dx ù + c from ....(i)
2 2 3ë û
from (i) and (ii);

1 3
= x ψ x3 - ò x 2 ψ x 3 dx + c
4 ì -1 -1 1 ü 3
I= í (sin x ) (1 - 2x) + x 1- x ý - x + c
p î2 2 þ
Example – 17
2
= { x - x 2 - (1 - 2x) sin -1 x} - x + c
p
Evaluate ò e log x + sin x cos x dx.
Example – 16
Sol. e log x + sin x cos x dx
ò
5 3
If ò f x dx = y x , then ò x f x dx is equal to
I = ò ( x + sin x ) cos x dx
1é 3
(a) x y x 3 - ò x 2 y x 3 dx ù + C
3ë û
1
I = ò x cos x dx + sin2 x dx
2ò
1 3
(b) x y x 3 - 3ò x 3 y x 3 dx + C
3
1
= x sin x - ò sin x + x - cos 2 x + c
1 3 4
(c) x y x 3 - ò x 2 y x 3 dx + C
3
1
1 3 3 3 3 = x sin x + cos x - cos 2 x + c
(d) éë x y x - ò x y x dx ùû + C 4
3
Ans. (c)
Evaluate
x - 1 ex
x æ 1 + sin x cos x ö æ 1 + sin 2x ö
Evaluate ò x +1
3
dx.
(i) ò e ç ÷ dx (ii) ò e 2 x ç ÷ dx
è cos 2 x ø è 1 + cos 2x ø
ex
Ans. 2
+c
x +1
æ 1 + sin x cos x ö
Sol. (i) I = ò e x ç ÷ dx
è cos 2 x ø
( x - 1)e x ( x + 1 - 2)e x
Sol. I=ò dx = ò ( x + 1)3 dx
( x + 1) 3
ì 1 sin x cos x ü
I = ò ex í 2 + ý dx
î cos x cos2 x þ
é 1 -2 ù
= ò ex ê 2
+ ú dx
ë ( x + 1) ( x + 1)3 û
I = ò e x {tan x + sec 2 x}dx
ex
I = ò e x .tan x dx + ò e x (sec 2 x) dx = +c
II I ( x + 1) 2
I = tan x . e x - ò sec 2 x.e x dx + ò e x .sec 2 x dx + c Example – 20
I = ex tan x + c. 3x - 5
Evaluate ò (3x - 2) (x + 1) 2
dx
ì 1 + sin 2x ü
(ii) I = ò e 2x í ý dx
î1 + cos 2x þ
3x - 5 A B C
Sol. Let 2
= + +
(3x - 2) (x + 1) 3x - 2 x + 1 (x + 1)2
ì1 + 2sin x cos x ü
= ò e 2x í 2 ý dx
î 2 cos x þ \ 3x – 5 = A (x + 1)2 + B (3x – 2) (x + 1) + C (3x – 2)
ì 1 2sin x cos x ü 2 27
= ò e 2x í + ý dx Putting x = , we get A = -
2
î 2 cos x 2 cos 2 x þ 3 25
8
ì1 ü Putting x = –1, we get C = ;
= ò e 2x í sec2 x + tan x ý dx 5
î 2 þ
9
1 2x Putting x = 0, we get B =
= ò e2x .tan x dx + e .sec 2 x dx
2ò
II I
25
e 2x e2 x 1 é 27 1 9 1 8 1 ù
= tan x . - ò sec 2 x . dx + ò e 2x .sec 2 x dx \ I = ò ê- . + . + . 2 ú
dx
2 2 2 ë 25 3x - 2 25 (x + 1) 5 (x + 1) û
1 2x 9 9 8 1
I= e .tan x + c . =- log | 3x - 2 | + log | x + 1 | - . +c.
2 25 25 5 (x + 1)
Example – 21
x4 1
\ 2
= x +1+
(x - 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) (x 2 + 1)
dx
Evaluate ò (x - 1) (x 2
+ 1)
x4 dx
\ ò (x - 1) (x 2
dx = ò (x + 1) dx+ ò
+ 1) (x - 1) (x 2 + 1)
1 A Bx + C
Sol. Let = + 2
2
(x - 1) (x + 1) x - 1 x + 1 x2 æ 1 x 1 1 ö÷
= + x +çò - - dx
2 ç 2(x - 1) 2 x 2 + 1 2 x 2 + 1 ÷
è ø
A(x 2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (x - 1)
=
(x - 1) (x 2 + 1) (By Partial Fraction)
or 1 = A (x2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (x – 1) x2 1 1 1
= + x + log | x - 1 | - log | x 2 + 1| - tan -1 x + c
2 2 4 2
1
Putting x = 1, we get A = ;
2 Example – 23
1
Putting x = 0, we get A – C = 1 \ C = A - 1 = - x 3 + 3x + 2
2 Evaluate ò (x 2 + 1)2 (x + 1) dx
Putting x = –1, we get 2A – 2 (–B + C) = 1
æ 1ö 1
or 1 + 2B – 2 ç - ÷ = 1 \B = - x (x 2 + 1) + 2 (x + 1)
è 2ø 2 Sol. I = ò dx
(x 2 + 1) 2 (x + 1)
1 1 1 x +1
Now = - . x dx
(x - 1) (x 2 + 1) 2(x - 1) 2 x 2 + 1 =ò 2
dx + 2 ò ... (1)
(x + 1) (x + 1) (1 + x 2 ) 2
dx 1 1 x 1 dx
\ ò (x - 1) (x 2
+ 1)
=ò
2(x - 1)
dx - ò 2
2 x +1
dx - ò 2
2 x +1 Let
x
=
A
+
Bx + C
(1 + x) (1 + x ) 1 + x 1 + x 2
2
1 1 1 \ x = A (1 + x2) + (Bx + C) (1 + x)
= log | x - 1 | - log (x 2 + 1) - tan -1 x + c
2 4 2
1
Putting x = –1, we get A = -
Example – 22 2
x4 1
Putting x = 0, we get, 0 = A + C Þ C = -A =
Find ò (x - 1) (x 2 + 1) dx 2
Putting x = 1, we get 1 = 2A + 2(B + C)
1
x +1 = 2A + 2B + 2C = –1 + 2B + 1 \ B =
2
Sol. x 3 - x 2 + x - 1 x 4
x 4 - x3 + x 2 - x ,
æ 1 1ö
+ - + ç x+ ÷
x 1 2 2
x3 - x 2 + x
\ ò (1 + x) (1 + x 2 ) dx = ò çç - 2(1 + x) + 1 + x 2 ÷÷ dx
ç ÷
x3 - x 2 + x - 1 è ø
+ - +
1 1 1 x 1 dx
=- log | 1 + x | + ò 2
dx + ò
2 2 1+ x 2 1 + x2
1 1 1 1 A B C
=- log | 1 + x | + log (1 + x 2 ) + tan -1 x ... (2) Let = + +
2 4 2 (1 - y) (1 + y) (1 + 2y) 1 - y 1 + y 1 + 2y
dx A(1 + y) (1 + 2y) + B (1 - y) (1 + 2y) + C (1 - y) (1 + y)

To evaluate : ò (1 + x 2 2
, put x = tan q =
) (1 - y) (1 + y) (1 + 2y)
\ 1 = A (1 + y) (1 + 2y) + B (1 – y) (1 + 2y) + C (1 – y) (1+y)

dx sec 2 q
Then, ò 2 2
=ò dq
(1 + x ) (1 + tan 2 q) 2 1 1 4
Putting y = 1, we get A = ; putting y = - , we get C =
6 2 3
1 + cos 2q
= ò cos 2 qdq = ò dq
2 1
Putting y = –1, we get B = -
2
1 é sin 2q ù 1
= q+ = [q + sin q cos q]
2 êë 2 úû 2 é 1
Now I = - ò ê
1 4 ù
- + ú dy
ë 6 (1 - y) 2 (1 + y) 3 (1 + 2y) û
1 é -1 x 1 ù
= ê tan x + . ú
2ë 2 1 1 2
1+ x 1 + x2 û = - log|1 - y | + log |1 + y | - log |1 + 2y | + c
6 2 3
1 1 x
= tan -1 x + 1 1
2 2 1+ x2 = - log (1 - cos x) + log (1 + cos x)
6 2
Now from (1),
2
3 1 1 x - log | 1 + 2 cos x | + c
I = tan -1 x - log | 1 + x | + log (1 + x 2 ) + +c 3
2 2 4 1+ x2
Example – 25
Example – 24
Evaluate ò sin -11/ 3 x cos -1/ 3 x dx

dx
Evaluate ò
sin x + sin 2x
-11/ 3
Sol. Here, ò sin x, cos -1/ 3 x dx
Sol. Let the given integral be I, then
i.e., æ 11 1 ö
dx dx ç - - ÷ = -4
I=ò =ò è 3 3ø
sin x + 2sin x cos x sin x(1 + 2 cos x)
cos -1/ 3
sin x dx sin xdx \ I=ò -1/ 3
dx = ò (cot -1/ 3 x) (cosec 2 x) 2 .dx
=ò 2 = x .sin 4 x
sin x(1 + 2 cos x) ò (1 - cos 2 x) (1 + 2 cos x)
sin
Put cos x = y so that –sin x dx = dy. I = ò (cot -1/ 3 x) (1 + cot 2 x) cosec 2 x dx.
-dy {let cot x = t, –cosec2 x dx = dt}

\ I=ò
(1 - y 2 ) (1 + 2y)
= - ò t -1/ 3 (1 + t 2 ) dt = - ò (t -1/ 3 + t 5 / 3 ) dt
dy
= -ò ì3 3 ü
(1 - y) (1 + y) (1 + 2y) = - í t 2 / 3 + t8 / 3 ý + c
î2 8 þ
1
Now we break (1 - y) (1 + y) (1 + 2y) into partial fractions ì3 3 ü
= - í (cot 2 / 3 x) + (cot 8 / 3 x) ý + c .
î2 8 þ
Example – 26
-3sin x + 2 cos x
= m ò 1 . dx + l ò dx
3cos x + 2 sin x
1
Evaluate : ò 1 + sin x + cos x dx
dt
=mx+ l ò t
, where t = 3 cos x + 2 sin x
1 = m x + l ln | t | + C
Sol. I = ò 1 + sin x + cos x dx
12 -5
= x+ ln | 3 cos x + 2 sin x | + C
13 13
1
= ò dx
2 tan x / 2 1 - tan 2 x / 2 Example – 28
1+ +
1 + tan 2 x / 2 1 + tan 2 x / 2
3cos x + 2
Evaluate : ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx
1 + tan 2 x / 2
= ò 1 + tan 2 x / 2 + 2 tan x / 2 + 1 - tan 2 x / 2 dx Sol. We have,
3cos x + 2
sec 2 x / 2 I= ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx
= ò 2 + 2 tan x / 2 dx
Let 3 cos x + 2 = l (sin x + 2 cos x + 3) +
x 1 x m (cos x – 2 sin x) + n
Putting tan = t and sec2 dx = dt, we get
2 2 2
Comparing the coefficients of sin x, cos x and constant term
on both sides, we get
1 x
I= ò t + 1 dt = log | t + 1| + C = log tan
2
+1 + C l – 2m = 0, 2l + m = 3, 3l + n = 2
6 3 8
Example – 27 Þ l= , m = and n = –
5 5 5
3sin x + 2 cos x l (sin x + 2 cos x + 3) + m(cos x - 2 sin x) + n

Evaluate : ò 3cos x + 2 sin x dx \ I= dx
ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3
3sin x + 2 cos x cos x - 2 sin x

Sol. I = ò 3cos x + 2 sin x dx Þ I = l ò dx + m ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx +
d 1
Let 3 sin x + 2 cos x = l. (3 cos x + 2 sin x ) +
dx n ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx
m (3 cos x + 2 sin x) Þ I = l x + m log | sin x + 2 cos x + 3 | + n I1, where
Þ 3 sin x + 2 cos x = l (–3 sin x + 2 cos x) +
1
m (3 cos x + 2 sin x ) I1 = ò sin x + 2 cos x + 3 dx
Comparing the coefficients of sin x and cos x on both sides,
we get
2 tan x / 2 1 - tan 2 x / 2
– 3l + 2m = 3 and 2l + 3m = 2 Putting, sin x = , cos x = we get
2
1 + tan x / 2 1 + tan 2 x / 2
12 5
Þ m= and l = – 1
13 13 I1 = ò dx
2 tan x / 2 2(1 - tan 2 x / 2)
+ + 3
l ( -3sin x + 2 cos x) + m (3cos x + 2 sin x) 1 + tan 2 x / 2 1 + tan 2 x / 2
\ I= ò dx
3cos x + 2 sin x
Example – 30
1 + tan 2 x / 2
=ò dx
2 tan x / 2 + 2 - 2 tan 2 x / 2 + 3(1 + tan 2 x / 2)
Evaluate ò sin 3 x.cos 5 x dx
sec2 x / 2
= ò tan 2 x / 2 + 2 tan x / 2 + 5 dx Sol. I = ò sin 3 x.cos5 x dx
Put tan x / 2 = t Let cos x = t Þ – sin x dx = dt
1 I = - ò (1 - t 2 ) . t 5 .dt
sec 2 x / 2. dx = dt
2
t8 t 6
dt dt I = ò t 7 dt - ò t 5 dt = - +c
sec 2 x / 2dx = 2dt = 2 ò = 2ò 8 6
t 2 + 2t + 5 2
t +1 + 2
2
cos8 x cos 6 x
I= - +c
æ t +1 ö 8 6
= tan -1 ç ÷+C
è 2 ø
Aliter : I = ò R 3 (1 - R 2 ) 2 dR, if sin x = R, cos x dx = dR.
æ æxö ö
ç tan ç 2 ÷ + 1 ÷ I = ò R 3 dR - ò 2R 5 dR + ò R 7 dR
= 2 tan -1 ç è ø ÷+C
ç 2 ÷
ç
è
÷
ø sin 4 x 2sin 6 x sin 8 x
I= - + +c
4 6 8
Example – 29
Example – 31
1 sin x Evaluate
Integrate or .
1 - cot x sin x - cos x
1
sin x
(i) ò sin (x - a) cos (x - b) dx
Sol. Let I = ò dx
sin x - cos x
1
Again, let sin x = A(cos x + sin x) + B(sin x - cos x) then
(ii) ò cos (x - a) cos (x - b) dx
A + B = 1 and A - B = 0
1 1 1
Þ A= ,B = Sol. (i) I = ò dx
2 2 sin (x - a) cos (x - b)
1 1 cos (a - b) dx
(cos x + sin x) + (sin x - cos x) I= .ò
\I = ò 2 2 dx cos (a - b) sin (x - a) cos (x - b)
(sin x - cos x )
1 cos {(x - b) - (x - a)}
= . dx
1 cos x + sin x
= ò
1
dx + ò 1dx + c cos (a - b) ò sin (x - a) cos (x - b)
2 sin x - cos x 2
1 ì cos (x - b) . cos (x - a) sin (x - b) . sin (x - a) ü
= . í + ý dx
cos (a - b) ò î sin (x - a) cos (x - b) sin (x - a) cos (x - b) þ
1 1
= log(sin x - cos x) + x + c
2 2 1
I= {cot (x - a) + tan (x - b)} dx
cos (a - b) ò
1 = ò cos α dt + ò sin α cott dt

I= {log | sin (x - a) | - log | cos (x - b)} + c
cos (a - b)
= t cos α + sinα ln sin t + c
1 sin (x - a)
I= log e +c = x - α cos α +sinα ln sin x - α + c
cos (a - b) cos (x - b)
Þ A = cosα, B = sinα
1
(ii) I=ò dx Example – 33
cos (x - a) cos (x - b)
1 sin (a - b) dx dx
=
sin (a - b) ò cos (x - a) cos (x - b)
ò cos x - sin x is equal to
1 sin {(x - b) - (x - a)} 1 æ x 3p ö

= dx (a) log tan ç - ÷ + C
sin (a - b) ò cos (x - a) cos (x - b) 2 è2 8 ø
1 ì sin (x - b) cos (x - a) cos (x - b) sin (x - a) ü 1 æxö

= - ý dx (b) log cot ç ÷ + C
sin (a - b) ò î cos (x - a) cos (x - b) cos (x - a) cos (x - b) þ
í
2 è2ø
1 1 æ x pö
= {tan (x - b) - tan (x - a)} dx
sin (a - b) ò
(c) log tan ç - ÷ + C
2 è2 8ø
1 1 æ x 3p ö
= [–log |cos (x–b) + log | cos (x–a)|] + c (d) log tan ç + ÷ + C
sin (a - b) 2 è2 8 ø
Ans. (d)
1 é cos (x - a) ù
= êlog ú+c
sin (a - b) ë cos (x - b) û dx 1 dx
Sol. ò cos x - sin x = 2
ò æ πö
Example – 32 cos ç x + ÷
è 4ø
sin x dx 1 æ πö 1 æ x 3π ö
If ò sin x -a
dx = Ax + B log sin (x – a) + C, then the ò cos x - sin x = 2
ò sec çè x + 4 ÷ø dx = 2
log tan ç + ÷ + c
è2 8 ø
value of (A, B) is Example – 34

(a) (–sin a, cos a) (b) (cos a, sin a)
(c) (sin a, cos a) (d) (–cos a, sin a) sin 8 x - cos8 x
ò dx is equal to:
Ans. (b) 1 - 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin x
So ò sin dx
x-α 1 1
(a) sin 2x + c (b) - sin 2x + c
2 2
Let x - α = t Þ x = t + α Þ dx = dt
1
(c) - sin x + c (d) - sin2 x + c
sin t+α 2
I= ò dt
sin t Ans. (b)
sintcos α + cost sin α 8 8

I= ò dt Sol. = sin x - cos x dx
sin t ò 1- 2sin2 x cos2 x
Example – 36
sin 4 x - cos4 x sin 4 x + cos 4 x
=ò dx
1 - 2sin 2 x cos2 x dx
ò (x +1 ) x 2 + x +1
2 2 2 2
sin x - cos x 1 - 2 sin x cos x
=ò dx
1 - 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
1 1
Sol. Putting x + 1 = Þ dx = - 2 dt
t t
= ò - cos 2x dx
-1
= sin 2 x + c - dt - dt
2 I= ò 2
= ò 1 1
æ1ö æ1 ö 1 t - +1
Example – 35 t2 ç ÷ ç - 1÷ + t2 t
ètø èt ø t
x+2 - dt
Evaluate : ò (x 2 + 3x + 3) dx =
x +1 ò t2 - t +1
x+2 - dt
= ò
Sol. Let I = ò (x 2 + 3x + 3) x +1
dx
æ 1ö 3
2
çt - ÷ +
è 2ø 4
Putting x + 1 = t2, and dx = 2t dt, we get
æ 1 2 ö
(t 2 + 1) 2t dt æ 1ö 3
= – ln ç t - + ç t - ÷ + ÷ + C
I= ò {(t 2
- 1) 2 + 3(t 2 - 1) + 3} t 2
ç 2
è
è 2ø 4 ÷
ø
æ 1 1 x +1 ö
1 = - ln ç - + ÷÷ + C
1+ 2 ç x +1 2 2
(t 2 + 1) è x + x +1 ø
t
Þ I=2 ò 4 2 dt = 2 ò dt
t + t +1 2 1
t + 2 +1 Example – 37
t
dx
du 1 ò (1 + x 2
) 1 - x2
Þ I=2 ò 2¢ where t – = u.
t
u2 + 3
1
Sol. Put x =
t
ì 1ü
2 æ u ö 2 ït - t ï
Þ I= tan–1 ç ÷ + C = tan –1
í ý +C -t dt
3 è 3ø 3 ï 3 ï Þ I=ò
î þ (t + 1) t 2 - 1
2
put t2 – 1 = y2
2 æ t2 -1 ö 2 ìï x ïü y dy
Þ I= tan–1 çç ÷÷ + C = tan–1 í ý +C Þ I = -ò
3 èt 3ø 3 ïî 3 (x + 1) ïþ ( y 2 + 2) y
Example – 38
1 æ y ö
=– tan–1 ç ÷ +C
2 è 2ø
1 2
If ò f (x) cos x dx = f (x) + c, then f(x) can be
2
1 æ 1- x 2 ö
=– tan–1 ç ÷ +C (a) x (b) 1
2 ç 2x ÷
è ø
(c) cos x (d) sin x
1 2
Sol. Here, ò f (x) cos x dx = 2 f (x) + c, differentiating both
sides, we get
f (x) cos x = f (x) . f’ (x)
d
i.e., cos x = f (x)
dx
Þ f (x) = ò cos x dx
Þ f (x) = sin x + c.
Hence (d) is the correct answer.
EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Standard Formulae
x 2 + cos 2 x
6. ò dx is equals to
2 1 + x 2 sin 2 x
1. ò sin x / 2 dx equals
(a) tan–1 x + cot x + c (b) tan–1 x – cot x + c
1 1
(a) x + sin x + c (b) x + cos x + c (c) cot–1 x – tan x + c (d) – tan–1 x – cot x + c
2 2
æ 2x - 5x ö
1 7. ò çè 10 x ÷ dx is equal to
(c) x - sin x + c (d) none of these ø
2
æ 1ö
3
2- x 5- x 2x 5x
(a) - +c (b) - +c
2. ò çè x - x ÷ø dx, x > 0 equals log e 2 log e 5 log e 2 log e 5
x3 3 2 1 2x 5x 5- x 2- x
(a) - x + 3log x + 2 + C (c) + +c (d) - +c
3 2 2x log e 2 log e 5 log e 5 log e 2
2
x4 3 2 1 8. ò sec ax + b dx equals
(b) - x + 3log x + 2 + C
4 2 2x
1
4
(a) tan (ax + b) + C (b) tan x + C
x 1 2
(c) + 3log x + 2 + C
4 2x
1
(d) none of these (c) tan ax + b + C (d) none of these
a
æ 6 ö Integration by substitution
3. The value of ò ç 2
+ 10 x ÷ dx is
è1+ x ø
3
(a) 6 tan–1 x + 10x loge 10 + C sin -1 x
9. ò dx is equal to
-1 10 x 1 - x2
(b) 6 tan x + +C
log e 10
2 3
sin -1 x sin -1 x
10 x (a) +c (b) +c
(c) 3 tan -1 x + +C 2 3
log e 10
4
(d) none of these sin -1 x sin -1 x
(c) +c (d) +c
x 4
e5loge x - e 4loge x xk
4. ò e3loge x - e2 loge x dx = + c . Then k is equal to
k n
10. ò sec x tan x dx is equal to
2
5. ò tan x + cot x dx is equal to
secn x sec 2 x
(a) +c (b) +c
(a) tan x – cot x + c (b) tan x + cot x + c n 2
(c) cot x – tan x + c (d) none of these
tan x secn x tan x
(c) +c (d) +c
n n
cos3 x dx
11. ò sin 2 x + sin x dx is equal to 19. ò x+ x
equals
(a) log |cos x| – sin x + c (b) log |sin x| – sin x + c

(a) 2 log x -1 + c (b) 2 log x +1 + c
(c) log |sin x| + cos x + c (d) log |cos x| – cos x + c
(c) tan–1 x + c (d) none of these
cos x
12. If ò dx = a sin x + c, then a equals
x x5
20. ò dx equals
1 + x3
log e x
13. òx dx =
1 + log e x
2 3 2 3
(a) x -2 1 + x3 + c (b) x +2 1 + x3 + c
(a) (1 + loge x)3/2 + c 9 9
2
(b) (1 + loge x) (loge x – 2) + c (c) x 3 + 2 1 + x3 + c (d) none of these
3
2 x +1
(c) (1 + loge x)1/2 (loge x – 5) + c 21. ò dx =
3 x+2
2 3
(d) (1 + loge x)1/2 (loge x – 2) + c a
3 ( x + 2) 2 - a x + 2 + c then ab equals
b
1
14. ò x log x dx is equal to
dx
22. ò 3x 2 + 2 x + 1 equals
(a) log |x log x| + C (b) log |log x + x| + C
(c) log x + C (d) log |log x| + C
1 æ 3x + 1 ö
(a) tan -1 ç ÷+C
2 2 è 2 ø
15. ò sec x cos tan x dx equals
(a) sin (cos x) + C (b) sin (tan x) + C

1 æ 3x - 1 ö
(c) cosec (tan x) + C (d) none of these (b) tan -1 ç ÷+C
2 è 2 ø
n
16. ò tan x sec 2 x dx equals
1 æ 3x - 1 ö
tan n -1 x tan n +1 x (c) - tan -1 ç ÷+C
(a) +C (b) +C 2 è 2 ø
n -1 n +1
(d) none of these
(c) tann + 1 x + C (d) none of these
sin 2 x 23. ò 1 + x - 2 x 2 dx
17. ò 1 + cos 4 x dx is equal to
(a) cos–1 (cos2 x) + c (b) sin–1 (cos2 x) + c 1 9 2 æ 4x -1ö
= (4 x - 1) 1 + x - x 2 + sin -1 ç ÷+c .
–1
(c) cot (cos x) + c 2
(d) none of these 2a b è 3 ø
x2 1 -1 3
Then b/a is equal to
18. ò 1 + x6 dx = k tan x + c . Then k is equal to
29. If m is a non-zero number and

dx
24. ò equals
3 - 5x - x2 x 5m -1 + 2x 4m -1
ò 3
dx = f (x) + c, then f(x) is
x 2m + x m + 1
æ 2x + 5 ö -1 æ 2 x + 5 ö
(a) sin -1 ç ÷+c (b) cos ç ÷+c
è 37 ø è 37 ø x 5m x 4m
(a) 2m x 2m + x m + 1 2 (b) 2m x 2m + x m + 1 2
–1
(c) sin (2x + 5) + c (d) none of these
ex 2m x 5m + x 4m x 5m - x 4m
25. ò e2 x + 5e x + 6 dx equals (c) 2 (d) 2
x 2m + x m + 1 2m x 2m + x m + 1
æ ex + 3 ö æ ex + 2 ö Integration by Parts
(a) log ç x ÷+c (b) log ç x ÷+c
èe +2ø è e +3ø
30. ò log x dx is equal to
1 æ ex + 2 ö (a) x (log x) – 1 + c (b) x (log x) – x + c

(c) log ç x ÷+c (d) none of these
2 è e +3ø (c) x (log x) – 1/x + c (d) x (log x) + c
sin -1 x
31. ò dx equals
x2 1- x
26. ò x2 - 1 dx equals
(a) 2 é x - 1 - x sin -1 x ù + c
ë û
x -1 x +1 -1
(a) x + log +c (b) x + log +c (b) 2 éë x + 1 - x sin x ùû + c
x +1 x -1
-1
(c) éë x - 1 - x sin x ùû + c
x -1 x +1
(c) x + log +c (d) x + log +c
(d) none of these
x +1 x -1
2 x
32. òx e dx is equal to
x +1
27. òx dx 2 x 2x x
2
+ x+3 (a) x e - 2 éëe - xe ùû + c
2 x x x
(b) x e - 2 éëe - xe ùû + c
1 1 æ 2 x +1 ö
= ln | x 2 + x + 3 | + tan -1 ç ÷+c
a b è 11 ø 2 x 2x x
(c) x e - 2 éë xe - e ùû + c
then (b – a) equals 2 x x x
(d) x e - 2 éë xe - e ùû + c
1/3 4/3 2
x - x3 3æ 1 ö 33. ò log x dx is equal to
28. ò dx = - ç 2 -1÷ + c . Then k is equal to
x4 kèx ø
(a) x (log x)2 – 2 [x log x – x] + c
(b) x (log x)2 – 2 [log x – x] + c
(c) x (log x)2 – 2 [log x2 – x] + c
(d) x (log x)2 – 2 [log x – 2x] + c
log x 1
34. ò dx = - a + log bx + c . (a,b Î Integers). Then xe x
x 2
x 40. ò x +1
2 dx is equal to
a + b equal to
sin -1 x
35. ò dx is equal to ex ex
2 3/ 2 (a) +c (b) +c
1- x x +1
2
x +1
x 1
(a) sin -1 x + log 1 - x 2 + c ex
1- x 2 2 +c
(c) 3 (d) none of these
x +1
x 1
(b) sin -1 x + log 1 - x 2 + c
1- x 2 2
x + sin x x æxö
41. ò 1 + cos x dx = tan ç ÷ + C . Then b – a is equal to
a èbø
x 1
(c) sin -1 x + log 1 - x 2 + c
1- x 2 4
x x -1
(d) none of these 42. òe x +1
3
dx equals
2 1 4 é 2
3 x q log x + r log x + 1ù + c
36. òx log x dx =
p ë û .
ex ex
Then p + q + r is equal to (a) - +C (b) +C
x +1 x +1
37. The value of ò x sec x tan x dx is
(a) x sec x + log |sec x + tan x| + c ex ex
(c) 2
+C (d) - 2
+C
(b) x sec x – log |sec x + tan x| + c x +1 x +1
(c) x sec x + log |sec x – tan x| + c

(d) none of these ì (log x - 1) ü
2
43.
ò íî1 + (log x)2 ýþ dx is equal to
x - sin x
38. ò 1 - cos x dx is equal to
x x x log x
(a) +C (b) +C
(a) - x cot +c (b) cot +c x2 + 1 (log x) 2 + 1
2 2
x
(c) - cot +c (d) none of these x xe x
2 (c) +C (d) +C
(log x) 2 + 1 1 + x2
2
x 1- x
39. òe 1 + x2
2
dx is equal to
æ 1 ö x+
1
44. The integral ò ç 1 + x - ÷ e x dx is equal to :

è xø
1 ex
(a) 2
+c (b) +c 1 1
x +1 x2 + 1 x+ x+
x
(a) - xe x
+c (b) ( x - 1) e +c
ex -1 1 - ex
(c) +c (d) +c 1 1
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 (c) xe
x+
x (d) ( x + 1) e
x+
x
+c
+c
Integration using Partial Fractions

dx
50. ò 1+ e x
=
3
x +3
45. ò dx equals.
x +1 x2 +1
æ e x +1 ö æ ex ö
(a) x + loge |x + 1| – loge (x + 1) + cot x + c 2 –1 (a) log e ç x ÷ + c (b) log e ç x ÷ + c
è e ø è e +1 ø
(b) x – loge |x + 1| + loge (x2 + 1) + tan–1 x + c
(c) x + loge |x + 1| – loge (x2 + 1) + tan–1 x + c (c) x + loge (ex + 1) + c (d) ex + x + c
(d) x – loge |x + 1| – loge (x2 + 1) – tan–1 x + c Integration of Various Trigonometric Functions
x2 + 1
46. ò dx equals 9
x -1 x - 2 51. ò sin x.cos 3 x dx is equal to
x-2
5
x-2
5
sin10 x sin12 x cos6 x cos8 x
(a) log +C (b) x + log +C (a) - +c (b) - +c
2
x -1
2 10 12 6 8
x -1
5 cos 6 x sin 8 x
x -1 (c) - +c (d) none of these
(c) x + log 5
+C (d) none of these 6 8
x-2
sin 4 x 1 æ 1 + sin x ö
x 2 dx 52. If ò cos x dx = 2 log e ç ÷ - g x + c where g(x)
47. The value of ò is è 1 - sin x ø
x2 + a2 x2 + b2
equals.
1 é -1 x -1 x ù 1 3 1
(a) êb tan b - a tan a ú + C (a) sin x + sin x (b) cos 3 x + cos x
b - a2
2
ë û 3 3
1 é -1 x -1 x ù
1 3 1
(c) sin x - sin x (d) cos 3 x - cos x
(b)
b - a2
2 ê a tan b - b tan a ú + C 3 3
ë û
dx
1 é -1 x xù
(c) êb tan b + a tan
-1
+C 53. ò sin 2
x cos 2 x
is equal to
b - a2
2
ë a úû
(d) none of these (a) tan x + cot x + C (b) (tan x + cot x)2 + C
(c) tan x – cot x + C (d) (tan x – cot x)2 + C
2
æ1- x ö b
48. ò çè 1 + x ÷ø dx = x - a log | x + 1 | - + c . Then a + b is
cos 2 x - cos 2q
x +1 54. dx is equal to
ò cos x - cos q
equal to
(a) 2 (sin x + x cos q) + C
2x + 3
49. If ò dx (b) 2 (sin x – x cos q) + C
x - 1 x2 + 1
(c) 2 (sin x + 2 x cos q) + C
5 (d) 2 (sin x – 2 x cos q) + C
é 5/ 2 - ù 1
= log ê x - 1 x2 + 1 a -1
ú - tan x + C
ë û 2 1 - cos 2 x
55. ò 1 + cos 2 x dx =
where C is any arbitrary constant, then a is equal to
(a) tan x – x + C (b) x + tan x + C
(c) x – tan x + C (d) – x – cot x + C
dx sin10 x
56. ò 4sin is equal to
2
x + 4 sin x cos x + 5cos 2 x 61. ò cos12 x dx =
æ 1ö 1 æ 1ö
(a) tan -1 ç tan x + ÷ + c (b) tan -1 ç tan x + ÷ + c tan11 x
è 2ø 4 è 2ø (a) 10 tan9 x + C (b) +C
11
1
(c) 4 tan -1 æç tan x + ö÷ + c (d) none of these
è 2ø tan11 x
(c) +C (d) none of these
11
dx
57. If ò 1 + tan x = px + q log e cos x + sin x + c
sin 6 x + cos 6 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
then p + q equals.
(a) tan x + cot x + 3x + c (b) tan x + cot x – 3x + c
5 tan x
58. If the integral ò tan x - 2 dx = x + a 1n |sin x – 2 cos x| + k, (c) tan x – cot x – 3x + c (d) tan x – cot x + 3x + c
then a is equal to 1
63. If ò sin 2 x sin 3 x dx equals (5sinx – sin5x) + c. Then k is
(a) –1 (b) –2 k
(c) 1 (d) 2 equal to
sin n x 1 + cos x
59. dx, n Î N is equal to 64. ò dx equals
ò 3
cos n + 6 x 1 - cos x
n 3 n æ xö æ xö
3 +1 +1 (a) log cos ç ÷ + C (b) 2 log sin ç ÷ + C
(a) tan x 3 +c (b) tan x 3 +c è2ø è2ø
n 3+ n
3 æ xö
cos x
n +1
+c (c) 2 log sec ç ÷ + C (d) none of these
(c) (d) none of these è2ø
n
1
sin 4 x 65. ò sin dx is equal to
60. ò cos8 x dx is equal to x - a sin x - b
1 + tan 5 x sin x - b
tan 7 x (a) sin (b – a) log +C
(a) - +c sin x - a
5 7
tan 5 x tan 7 x sin x - a

(b) + +c (b) cosec (b – a) log +C
5 7 sin x - b
tan5 x tan 7 x
(c) + +c sin x - b
7 5 (c) cosec (b – a) log +C
sin x - a
(d) none of these
sin x - a
(d) sin (b – a) log +C
sin x - b
66. The value of sin x dx is sin 2 x cos 2 x

2ò 68. The integral ò dx equal to:
2
æ pö sin 3 x + cos3 x
sin ç x - ÷
è 4ø
1 1
æ pö +c - +c
(a) x - log cos x ç x - ÷ + C (a) 1 + cot 3 x (b) 3 1 + tan 3 x
è 4ø
sin 3 x cos 3 x
æ pö +c - +c
(b) x + log cos ç x - ÷ + C (c) 1 + cos3 x (d) 3 1 + sin 3 x
è 4ø
4
æ pö 69. If ò tan x dx = l tan 3 x + m tan x + x + C , then
(c) x - log sin ç x - ÷ + C
è 4ø
1
(a) l = (b) m = 1
3
æ pö
(d) x + log sin ç x - ÷ + C
è 4ø 1
(c) l = - (d) none of these
3
dx
67. ò cos x + equals Integration of irrational Algebraic Functions
3 sin x
æx p ö æx p ö 1+ x
(a) log tan ç + ÷ + C (b) log tan ç - ÷ + C 70. ò dx equals
è 2 12 ø è 2 12 ø 1- x
1 -1 2
æx p ö 1 æx p ö (a) sin -1 x + 1 - x 2 + c (b) sin x + x - 1 + c
(c) log tan ç + ÷ + C (d) log tan ç - ÷ + C
2 è 2 12 ø 2 è 2 12 ø
(c) sin -1 x - 1 - x 2 + c (d) sin -1 x - x 2 - 1 + c
EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

dx dx A B
1. The integral ò 3 equal (2015) 5. If ò cos 3
= tan x + C tan x + k , where k
x 2 ( x 4 + 1) 4 x 2sin 2 x
is a constant of integration, then A+B+C equals :
1
(2016/Online Set–1)
4
1
æ x4 + 1 ö 4
(a) - x + 1 4 +c (b) - ç 4 ÷ + c
è x ø 21 16
(a) (b)
5 5
1
æ x4 + 1 ö 4 1
10 27
(c) ç 4 ÷ + c (d) x 4 + 1 4 +c (c) (d)
è x ø 7 10
dx dx
2. The integral ò ( x + 1)3/ 4 ( x - 2)5 / 4 is equal to 6. The integral ò 1+ x x - x2
is equal to :
(2015/Online Set–1) (where C is a constant of integration.)

1 1 (2016/Online Set–2)
æ x +1 ö4 4 æ x +1 ö4
(a) 4 ç ÷ +C (b) - ç ÷ +C
è x-2ø 3è x-2ø 1+ x 1- x
(a) -2 +C (b) -2 +C
1- x 1+ x
1 1
4 æ x - 2 ö4 æ x - 2 ö4
(c) - ç ÷ +C (d) 4 ç ÷ +C
3 è x +1 ø è x +1 ø 1- x 1+ x
(c) - +C (d) 2 +C
1+ x 1- x
log(t + 1 + t 2 ) 1
3. If ò dt = (g(t))2 + C, where C is constant, 7. Let I n = ò tan n xdx, (n > 1). If I4 + I6 = a tan5 x + bx5 + C,
1+ t 2 2
where C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair
then g(2) is equal to :
(a, b) is equal to: (2017)
æ 1 ö æ1 ö
1 1 (a) ç - ,1÷ (b) ç , 0 ÷
(a) log(2 + 5) (b) log(2 + 5) è 5 ø è5 ø
5 2
æ1 ö æ 1 ö
(c) 2 log(2 + 5) (d) log(2 + 5) (c) ç , -1÷ (d) ç - , 0 ÷
è5 ø è 5 ø
2 x12 + 5 x 9 8. The integral

4. The integral ò (x 5
+ x3 + 1)3
dx is equal to : (2016)
æ pö
ò 1 + 2cot x cosec x + cot x dx ç 0 < x < ÷ is equal
è 2ø
x10 x5
(a) +C (b) 2
+C to (where C is a constant of integration)
2
5
2 x + x +1 3 2 x5 + x3 + 1
- x10 -x5 æ xö æ xö
(c) +C (d) +C (a) 4 log ç sin ÷ + C (b) 2 log ç sin ÷ + C
2 2 è 2ø è 2ø
2 x5 + x 3 + 1 x5 + x 3 + 1
æ xö æ xö
Where C is an arbitrary constant. (c) 2 log ç cos ÷ + C (d) 4 log ç cos ÷ + C
è 2ø è 2ø
3x - 4 ö 4 2x + 5 æ x +3ö
9. If f æç ÷ = x + 2, x ¹ - , and
12. If ò dx = A 7 – 6 x – x 2 + B sin –1 ç ÷+c
è 3x + 4 ø 3 7 – 6x – x 2
è 4 ø
(where C is a constant of integration), then the ordered

ò f (x) dx = A log | 1 - x | + Bx + C, then the ordered pair pair (A, B) is equal to : (2018/Online Set–2)
(A, B) is equal to : (a) (2, 1) (b) (-2, -1)
(where C is a constant of integration) (c) (-2, 1) (d) (2,-1)
(2017/Online Set–2) tan x k æ k tan x + 1 ö

13. If ò 1 + tan x + tan 2
dx = x – tan –1 ç ÷+c ,
x A è A ø
æ8 2ö æ 8 2ö
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç - , ÷ (C is a constant of integration), then the ordered pair (K,
è3 3ø è 3 3ø
A) is equal to : (2018/Online Set–3)
(a) (2, 1) (b) (-2, 3)
æ 8 2ö æ8 2ö
(c) ç - , - ÷ (d) ç , - ÷ (c) (2, 3) (d) (-2, 1)
è 3 3ø è3 3ø
10. The integral 5x

sin
2 dx is equal to :
14. ò x
2 2
sin x cos x sin
ò dx is 2
2
sin 5 x + cos3 x sin 2 x + sin 3 x cos 2 x + cos5 x
(where c is a constant of integration.)
(8-04-2019/Shift-1)
(2018)
(a) 2x + sinx + 2 sin2x + c
-1 1 (b) x + 2 sinx + 2 sin2x + c
(a) +C (b) +C
3 3
1 + cot x 3 1 + tan x (c) x + 2 sinx + sin2x + c
(d) 2x + sinx + sin2x + c
-1 1 dx 1
(c) +C (d) +C 15. If = xf x 1 + x 6 + C , where C is a
3 1 + tan x 3
1 + cot 3 x òx 3
1 + x6
2/ 3
3
(Where C is a constant of integration) constant of integration, then the function f(x) is equal to:
(08-04-2019/Shift-2)
æx–4ö
11. If f ç ÷ = 2 x + 1, x Î R – 1, –2 , then òf x dx is 3 1
è x+2ø (a) (b) -
x2 6x 3
equal to
(where C is a constant of integration) 1 1
(c) - (d) -
2x 2 2x 3
2 4
(a) 12 log e |1- x | +3 x + C 16. The integral ò sec 3 x cosec 3 x dx is equal to:
(b) –12 log e 1 – x – 3x + C (9-04-2019/Shift-1)
-1 -4
3
(c) 12log e 1 – x – 3x + C (a) -3tan 3 x + C (b) - tan 3 x + C
4
-1
(d) –12 log e 1– x + 3x + C -1
(c) -3cot 3 x + C (d) 3tan 3 x + C
(Here C is a constant of integration)
17. If ò esec x sec x tan x f x + sec x tan x + sec 2 x dx 21. For x 2 ¹ np , n Î N (the set of natural numbers), the
2sin x 2 - 1 - sin 2 x 2 - 1
= esec x f x + C , then a possible choice of f x is: integral òx 2 sin x 2 - 1 + sin 2 x 2 - 1
dx is equal to :
(9-04-2019/Shift-2)
(where c is a constant of integration)
(a) sec x + tan x + C (b) sec x - tan x - C (9-01-2019/Shift-1)
(c) sec x + 2tan x - C (d) x sec x + tan x + C 1 2 2
(a) log e sec x - 1 + c
2
5 - x2 2
18. If òx e dx = g ( x ) e- x + c, where c is a constant of
1
integration, then g (–1) is equal to: (b) log e sec x 2 - 1 + c
2
(10-4-2019/Shift-2)
2
1 2 æ x -1 ö
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 2 log e sec ç ÷ +c
è 2 ø
5 1
(c) - (d) - æ x2 -1 ö
2 2 2 log sec
(d) e ç ÷ -c
è 2 ø
2 x3 - 1
19. The integral ò x 4 + x dx is equal to : (Here C is a constant 5 x8 + 7 x 6
22. If f x = ò 2
dx, x ³ 0 , and f (0) = 0, then
of integration) (12-04-2019/Shift-1) x2 + 1 + 2 x7
the value of f (1) is (9-01-2019/Shift-2)
3 2
x3 + 1 1 x +1 1 1
1
(a) log e +C (b) 2 log e +C (a) - (b) -
2 x2 x3 2 4
1 1
3
(c) (d)
x +1 3
x +1 2 4
(c) loge +C (d) log e +C
x x2 p
23. Let n ³ 2 be a natural number and 0 < q < then
2
æ pö 1
20. Let a Î ç 0, be fixed. If the integral
è 2 ÷ø sin n q - sin q n cos q
ò n +1
dq is equal to:
sin q
tan x + tan a
ò tan x - tan a d x = A x co s 2a + B x sin 2 a + C , (10-1-2019/Shift-1)
n +1
where C is a constant of integration, then the functions n æ 1 ö n
A(x) and B(x) are respectivelty: (a) 2 ç1 - n -1 ÷ +C
n - 1 è sin q ø
(12-04-2019/Shift-2)
n +1
n æ 1 ö n
(a) x + a and log e sin x + a (b) 2 ç 1 - n -1 ÷ +C
n + 1 è sin q ø
(b) x - a and log e sin x - a n +1

n æ 1 ö n
(c) 2 ç1 + n -1 ÷ +C
n - 1 è sin q ø
(c) x - a and log e cos x - a
n +1
n æ 1 ö n
(d) x + a and log e sin x - a (d) 2 ç1 - n +1 ÷ +C
n - 1 è sin q ø
(where C is a constant of integration)
5 4 x3 1 4 x 3 3x13  2 x11
24. If x e dx  e f  x   C , where C is a constant The integral dx is equal to (where C is a
48
28.  4
2x 4
 3x 2  1
of integration, then f  x  is equal to: constant to integration) (12-01-2019/Shift-2)

(10-01-2019/Shift-2)
x4 x12
3 (a) C (b) 3
C
(a) 2 x  1 (b) 4 x3  1 6  2 x 4  3x 2  1
3
6  2 x 4  3x 2  1
(c) 2 x3  1 (d) 4 x3  1
x4 x12
(c) C (d) C
1 x 2
 
m 3 3
25. If  4
dx  A x  1  x 2  C , for a suitable  2x 4
 3 x 2  1  2x 4
 3 x 2  1
x
chosen integer m and a function A(x), where C is a constant
1
 x  1
of integration, then (A(x))m equals : 29. If  sin   dx  A ( x) tan ( x )  B ( x)  C ,
 1  x 
(11-01-2019/Shift-1)
where C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair
1 1 (A (x), B (x)) can be : (3-09-2020/Shift-2)
(a) (b) 3
27x 9 3x
(a) ( x  1,  x ) (b) ( x 1,  x )
1 1
(c) (d) (c) ( x 1, x ) (d) ( x 1, x )
27x 6 9x 4
2
x 1  x 
26. If  dx  f  x  2 x  1  C , where C is a constant 30. The integral    dx is equal to (where C is
2 x 1  x sin x  cos x 
of integration, then f(x) is equal to : a constant of integration) : (4-09-2020/Shift-1)
(11-01-2019/Shift-2)
x sec x
(a) tan x  C
1 2 x sin x  cos x
(a) ( x  1) (b) ( x  2)
3 3
x tan x
(b) sec x  C
2 1 x sin x  cos x
(c) ( x  4) (d) ( x  4)
3 3
x tan x
(c) sec x  C
x sin x  cos x
27. The integral  cos  log e x  dx is equal to (Where C is a
constant of integration) (12-01-2019/Shift-1) x sec x

(d) tan x  C
x sin x  cos x
x
(a) sin  log e x   cos  log e x    C
2
2x x x
31. If  (e  2e x  e x  1) e(e e ) dx
(b) x  cos  log e x   sin  log e x    C
x  e x )
 g(x)e(e  c where c is a constant integration, then
x
(c) cos  log e x   sin  log e x    C g(0) is equal to: (5-09-2020/Shift-1)
2
(a) 2 (b) e
(d) x  cos  log e x   sin  log e x    C
(c) 1 (d) e2
cos q -1 p p
32. If ò 5 + 7 sin q - 2 cos 2 q dq = A log e B(q) + C where c is 34. If f ¢ x = tan sec x + tan x , - <x<
2 2
B(q) and f 0 = 0, then f (1) is equal to:

a constant of integration, then can be:
A
(9-01-2020/Shift-1)
(5-09-2020/Shift-2)
p +1 p+2
5 (2 sin q + 1) 5 (sin q + 3) (a) (b)
(a) (b) 4 4
sin q + 3 2sin q + 1
1 p -1
2sin q + 1 (c) (d)
2sin q + 1 4 4
(c) (d) 5 (sin q + 3)
sin q + 3
dx
1
35. The integral ò 8 6 is equal to: (where C is a
cos x ( x + 4) 7 ( x - 3) 7
33. If ò 2
dx = f x 1 + sin 6 x l +c ,
sin 3 x 1 + sin 6 x 3
constant of integration) (9-01-2020/Shift-1)
1 3
-
æp ö æ x -3ö 7 1 æ x - 3 ö7
where c is a constant of integration, then l f ç ÷ is equal (a) - ç ÷ +C (b) ç ÷ +C
è3ø è x+4ø 2è x+4ø
to: (8-01-2020/Shift-1)
1 13
-
9 æ x - 3 ö7 1 æ x -3 ö 7
9 (c) ç ÷ +C (d) - ç ÷ +C
(a) - (b) è x+4ø 13 è x + 4 ø
8 8
(c) 2 (d) –2 dq
36. If ò cos 2
= l tan q + 2 log e f q + C
q tan 2q + sec 2q
where C is constant if integration, then the ordered pair

l, f q is equal to: (9-1-2020/Shift-2)
(a) (-1,1 - tan q ) (b) (-1,1 + tan q )
(c) (1,1 + tan q ) (d) (1,1 - tan q )

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option]
sin x dx
5. Evaluate : ò
dx 3sin 2 x + 4cos 2 x
1. If I = ò 2
(a - b 2 x 2 )3/ 2
(a) -l n (cos x + 3 + cos 2 x ) + c
x x
(a) +c (b) +c
2
a 2 - b2 x2 a a - b2 x2
2
(b) l n (cos x + 3 + cos 2 x ) + c
ax
(c) +c (d) none of these (c) - l n (sin x + 3 + sin 2 x ) + c
a - b2 x2
2
(d) None of these

1/ 2
æ 1- x ö dx
2. If ò çç 1+ ÷ = 2 cos -1 x - f x + c, then f (x) ex + a
x ÷ø x 6. dx
è ò ex - a
equals.
æ 1+ 1- x ö 1 æ 1+ 1- x ö (a) l n (e x + e 2x - a 2 ) + sin -1 (ae - x ) + c

(a) log e ç ÷ (b) log e çç ÷
ç
è x ÷ø 2 è x ÷ø
(b) l n (e x - e 2x - a 2 ) + cos -1 (ae - x ) + c
æ 1- 1- x ö æ 1+ 1 - x ö
(c) 2log e ç ÷ (d) 2 log e çç ÷ (c) l n (e x + e 2x - a 2 ) + cos -1 (ae- x ) + c
ç
è x ÷ø è x ÷ø
(d) None
x3 + x
3. If I = ò 4 dx then I equals :
x -9 x- a
7. ò x+a
dx
1 1 x2 + 3
(a) log | x 4 - 9 | + log 2 +c
4 12 x -3
(a) ax + x 2 - 2 a 2 + ax - a l n ( x + a + x ) + c
1 1 x2 - 3
(b) log | x 4 - 9 | + log 2 +c (b) ax + x 2 - 2 a + x - a l n ( x + a + x ) + c
4 12 x +3
1 1 x -3
(c) ax + x 2 - 2 a 2 + ax + a l n ( x + a - x ) + c
(c) log | x 4 - 9 | - log +c
4 12 x+3 (d) None of these
(d) None
x2 + a 2
8. If I = ò dx, then I =
æ a+x a-x ö x4 - a 2 x2 + a 4
4. Evaluate I = ò ç + ÷ dx
ç a-x a + x ÷ø
è
1 æ ax ö 1 æ x2 - a2 ö
æxö æxö (a) tan -1 ç 2 2 ÷+c (b) tan -1 ç ÷+c
(a) 2sin -1 ç ÷ + c (b) 2a sin -1 ç ÷ + c a è x -a ø a è ax ø
èaø èaø
-1 æ x ö -1 æ x ö (c) log| x + x 2 - a 2 | + c (d) None of these

(c) 2 cos ç ÷ + c (d) 2a cos ç ÷ + c
èaø èaø
(1 + x)
x 2 -1 12. Evaluate : ò x (1 + xe x 2
dx
dx is equal to )
9. ò 2
æ x +1 ö
x 4 + 3x 2 +1 tan -1 ç ÷
è x ø æ xe x ö 1
(a) l n ç x ÷
+ x
+c
è 1 + xe ø 1 + xe
æ 1ö
(a) tan -1 ç x + ÷ + c æ 1 + xe x ö 1
è xø (b) l n ç ÷+ x +c
x
è xe ø xe + 1
æ 1ö
(b) log e tan -1 ç x + ÷ + c æ xe x ö 1
è xø (c) l n ç x ÷- x +c
è xe + 1 ø xe +1
(d) None of these

æ x 2 +1 ö
(c) log e tan ç ÷ +c
è x ø x -1
13. ò dx is
x +1 x x2 + x +1
æ 1ö æ 1ö
(d) ç x + ÷ tan -1 ç x + ÷ + c
è x ø è xø æ x2 + x + 1 ö æ x2 + x + 1 ö
(a) tan -1 ç ÷+c (b) 2tan -1 ç ÷+c
è x ø è x ø
10. ò e 2 x - 1 dx is equal to
æ x2 + x + 1 ö 1
(c) tan -1 ç ÷ + c (d) 2 tan -1 x + + 1 + c
ç x ÷ x
(a) e2 x - 1 + sec-1 e 2 x + c è ø
(b) e2 x - 1 - sec -1 e 2 x + c 1 + x sin x 1 t +1

14. ò 2 2
dx = log e +c
x + 2 x cos x - 1 + x sin 2 x 2 t -1
(c) e2 x - 1 - sec-1 e x + c
where t is
(d) none of these (a) (x + 1) cos x – sin x (b) (x + 1) sin x – cos x
(c) (x + 1) sin x + cos x (d) (x + 1) cos x + sin x
2
11. Evaluate : ò x + x + 2 dx
x 2 - 1 dx
15. ò 2x is
x4 + 4x3 - 6x2 + 4x + 1
2 1
(a) (x + x 2 + 2)3 / 2 - +c
3 x + x2 + 2 2
1 1 æ 1 ö
(a) l n x + + 2 + ç x + + 2 ÷ - 12 + c
2 x è x ø
1 2
(b) (x + x 2 + 2) 3/ 2 - +c
3 x + x2 + 2 2
1 1 æ 1 ö
(b) l n x - + 2 + ç x - + 2 ÷ - 12 + c
2 x è x ø
1 2
(c) (x + x 2 + 2)1/ 2 - +c
3 x + x2 + 2 2
1 1 æ 1 ö
(c) l n x + - 2 + ç x + - 2 ÷ - 12 + c
2 x è x ø
(d) None of these
(d) None of these
16. If ò log (x + x) dx = x log |x| + (x + 1) log |x +1| +k, then k

2 21. If ò g(x) dx = g(x) then ò g(x) (f (x) + f ¢(x)) dx is equal to
equals (a) g(x) f (x) – g (x) f’(x) + c (b) g (x) f’(x) + c
(a) 2x + log |x + 1| + c (b) 2x – log |x + 1| + c (c) g(x) f (x) + c (d) g (x) f2 (x) + c
(c) constant (d) None
3 2 3x
22. If ò (x - 2x + 5) e dx = e3x (Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + 13/9) then
æ qö which of the following statement is incorrect :
17. If I = ò cos q log ç tan ÷ dq, then I equals
è 2ø
2
(a) sin q log (tan q/2) + q + c (a) 3C = 2 (b) A + B + =0
3
(b) cos q log (tan q/2) + q + c
(c) C + 2B = 0 (d) A + B + C = 0
(c) sin q log (tan q/2) – q + c
(d) None of these 1 + x 2n l n (1 + x 2n ) - 2nl n x
23. Evaluate : ò . dx
18. If f (x) is a polynomial function of the nth degree, then x 2n x 2n +1
x
òe f x d x is equal to
2P3 P3
x n n
(a) (1 - 3 l n P) + C (b) (3 l n P - 1) + C
(a) e {f (x) – f’ (x) – f” (x) – f”’ (x) – ... – (– 1) f (x)} 9n 3n
(b) ex {f (x) – f’ (x) + f” (x) – f”’ (x) + ... + (– 1)n fn (x)}
(c) ex {f (x) – f’ (x) + f” (x) – f”’ (x) + ... + (1)n fn (x)} 2P3
(c) (3 l n P - 1) + C (d) None of these
3n
(d) none of these
1/ 2
19. If I = ò e x (x cos x + sin x ) dx then I equals : æ 1 ö
where P = ç 1 + 2n ÷
è x ø
1 x
(a) e ( x sin x - cos x ) + c
2 -1 x 2
e 2 tan 1+ x
1 x 1+ x2
(b) e ( x sin x + cos x) + c
2
-1 x -1 x
(a) xetan +c (b) xe 2 tan +c
1 x
(c) e (x cos x - sin x) + c
2 -1 x
(c) 2xe2 tan +c (d) none of these
(d) None
dx
3 2 25. Evaluate I = ò
20. ò x log e x dx = sin 3 x + cos3 x
3 4/3 é 2 3 9ù 1 2+t
(a) x ê log e x - 2 loge x - 8 ú + c (a) log + tan -1 t + c
4 ë û 3 2 2 -t
3 4/3 é 2 3 9ù
(b) x ê log e x + 2 log e x + 8 ú + c 1 2-t 1
4 ë û (b) log + tan -1 t + c
3 2 2+t 3
3 4/3 é 2 3 9ù
(c) x ê log e x - 2 log e x + 8 ú + c 1 2+t 2
4 ë û log + tan -1 t + c
(c)
3 2 2 -t 3
3 1/ 3 é 2 3 9ù
(d) x ê log e x + 2 log e x - 8 ú + c (d) None of these
4 ë û
where t = sin x – cos x
26. If I = ò sin 7 x dx , then I equals dx

31. ò tan x + cot x + sec x + cos ec x is equal to
1
(a) –cos x + cos3x – cos5x + cos7x + c
7 1
(a) (sin x – cos x + x) + c
2
3 1
(b) –cos x + cos3x – cos 5 x + cos7x + c
5 7 1
(b) (sin x – cos x – tan x + cot x) + c
2
1
(c) tan x – tan3x + sin x - cos 3 x + c
3 1
(c) (sin x – cos x – x) + c
2
1 1
(d) – cos x + cos5x - cos 3 x + cos7x + c
3 7 1
(d) (sin x + cos x – tan x – cot x + x) + c
2
sin 3 2x
27. If I = ò dx, and f(x) = (cot x)3/2, g(x) = (cot x)5/2, then sin x - cos x
sin 5 x 32. ò dx =
sin x + cos x sin x cos x + sin 2 x cos 2 x
I equals
(a) –sin (sin 2x + 1) + c
2 3 1 4 2
(a) f (x) - g(x) + c (b) - g(x) + c (b) cosec (sin 2x + 1)
3 5 5
(c) –sec–1 (sin 2x + 1) + c
1 2 2 1 (d) tan–1 (sin 2x + 1) + c
(c) f (x) + c (d) f (x) + g(x) + c
2 3 3 5
(2x + 3) dx
33. If I = ò , then I equals
sec x dx (x 2 + 2x + 3) x 2 + 2x + 4
28. Evaluate : ò sin (2x + A) + sin A
x 2 + 2x + 4 - 1
(a) log +c
(a) 2 cos A 2 cos A + sin A tan x + c
x 2 + 2x + 4 + 1
(b) 2 sec A 2 cos A tan x + 2sin A + c

x 2 + 2x + 4 - 1 æx+2ö
(b) log + tan -1 ç ÷+c
(c) 2 sec A cos A tan x + sin A + c 2
x + 2x + 4 + 1 è 3 ø
(d) None of these
æ x+3 ö
(c) log tan -1 ç +c
29. ò sec x - 1 dx ç 2 ÷÷
è ø
(a) 2 l n ( cos x + 1 + cos x ) + c (d) None
(b) 2 l n ( sin x + 1 + sin x ) + c dx 1 x +1 - 3

34. If ò = log
2
x -4 x +1 k x +1 + 3
(c) -2 l n ( cos x + 1 + cos x ) + c
(d) None of these 1

- tan -1 x + 1 + c then k equals
2x 2
30. ò sin 4 x e tan dx =
(a) 2 3 (b) 4 3
tan 2 x 4 tan 2 x 4
(a) -2 e cos x + c (b) 2 e sec x + c
1
(c) (d) none of these
tan 2 x tan 2 x 4 3
(c) -2 e sec 2 x + c (d) 2 e cos 2 x + c
(x + 2) dx 39. If I n = ò (ln x ) n dx then In + n In–1 =

35. Evaluate ò (x 2
+ 3x + 3) x + 1
(a) (ln x)n (b) x (ln x)n
(c) xn ln x (d) x (ln x)n–1
2 æ 3 x +1 ö
(a) tan -1 ç ÷÷ + c
3 ç -x n æ n -1 ö
è ø 40. If I n = ò cos x dx then I n - ç ÷ I n -2 =
è n ø
2 æ 3 x +1 ö
(b) tan -1 ç ÷÷ + c (a) cosn–1 x . sin x + c (b) 1 (cos n -1 x sin x) + c
3 ç x
è ø n
1 æ 3 x +1 ö 1
(c) tan -1 ç (c) (cos n x sin x) + c (d) None of these
ç ÷÷ + c n
3 è -x ø
f x
1 æ 3 x +1 ö 41. If lim exists finitely and
tan -1 ç
x®0 x2
(d) ç ÷÷ + c
3 è x ø
1/ x
æ f x ö
lim ç 1 + x + ÷ = e3 , where f (x) = ax2+bx+c
x -1 x®0
è x ø
36. Evaluate : òx dx
x +1
then òf x log e x dx is equal to
(a) l n (x + x 2 + 1) + sec -1 x + c
2 3æ 1ö x3 æ 1ö
(a) x ç log e x - ÷ + c (b) ç log e x - ÷ + c
(b) l n (x - x 2 + 1) - sec -1 x + c 3 è 3ø 3è 3ø
(c) l n (x + x 2 - 1) - sec -1 x + c 2 3 2 3
(c) x log e x + 1 + c (d) x log e x - 1 + c
3 3
(d) None of these
42. For 0 < x < 1, let
37. If y = x 2 - x + 1 and for n > 1, I n = ò x n / y dx and n
f x = lim 1 + x 1 + x 2 1 + x 4 ... 1 + x 2
2 n®¥
aI3 + bI2 + cI1 = x y, then (a, b, c) is equal to
3 1 f x
(a) æç , , - 1ö÷ (b) (1, –1, 1) then ò 1- x loge xdx equals
è2 2 ø
æ 5 ö æ1 1 ö æ x ö
(c) ç 3, - , 2 ÷ (d) ç , - ,1÷ (a) log e ç ÷+c
è 2 ø è2 2 ø è 1- x ø
38. Let g(x) be an antiderivative of f (x). Then ln (1+(g(x))2) is an

æ x ö log e x
antiderivative for : (b) - log e ç ÷+ +c
è 1- x ø 1- x
2f (x).g(x) 2f (x).g(x)
(a) (b)
1 + (f (x)) 2 1 + (g(x)) 2 log e x
(c) 1 - x + loge 1 - x + c
2f (x)
(c) (d) None (d) x loge x + loge (1 – x) + c
1 + (f (x)) 2
43. If f : R  R is a function satisfying the following :

dx 1  x
(i) f (–x) = –f (x)
47.  5  4cos x   tan  m tan   c then
 2
(ii) f (x + 1) = f (x) + 1
2 1
 1  f  x (a)   (b) m =
(iii) f    x0 3 3
x x2
1 2
x (c)   (d) m 
then  e f  x  dx is equal to
3 3
(a) ex (x – 1) + c (b) ex log x + c

Numerical Value Type Questions
ex ex
(c) c (d) c 48. Let f be a function satisfying f ”(x) = x–3/2 , f ’(4) = 2 and
x x 1
f (0) = 0 then f (784) is equal to
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]

x2 1
49. If  (x dx is equal to
2
 1) x 4  1
1  x 1 
44. x 2
l n  dx equals
1  x  1 
2  1 1 
A tan 1  x2    c then A is equal to
1 2  x 1  4  2 x2
(a) 1 l n  x  1   c (b) ln  c
 
2  x 1 4  x 1
50. If the graph of the antiderivative
1 2  x 1 1 2  x 1 F (x) of f (x) = log (log x) + (log x)–2 passes through
(c) ln  c (d) ln  c
2  x 1  4  x 1  (e, 1998–e) then the term independent of x in F (x) is
45. If primitive of sin (log x) is f (x) (sin (g(x)) – cos (h(x)) + c then 51. Let F (x) be the antiderivative of
g(x) 1
(a) lim
x2
f (x)  1 (b) lim
x 1 h(x)
1 f (x) 
(3  5sin x  3cos x) whose graph passes through
(c) g (e3) = 3 (d) h (e5) = 5

 1 8
the point (0, 0) then the value of F    log  1982 is
f (x) dx 2 5 3
46. It f (x)  Lim ex tan (1/n) log (1/n) and   g(x) + c
n  3
sin11 x cos x equal to
then
2 sin x  sin 2x
52. f (x) is the integral of , x  0 find
x3
 3
(a) g   
4 2
lim f   x  .
x 0
(b) g (x) is continuous for all x
   15
(c) g   
4 8
(d) g (x) is non-differentiable at infinitely many points

ASSERTION REASON
56. ò f (x) dx, when
(A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a
correct explanation for ASSERTION.
2 x + 6 + 60 x - 15 x 2
(a) f (x) = 1 - x (p) c - log
(B) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is not 15 2x - 3
1+ x
a correct explanation for ASSERTION.
(C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false.
1- x 1 x +1 - 1- x 1- x
(D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true. (b) f (x) = . (q) log + 2 tan -1 +c
1+ x x 1+ x + 1- x 1+ x
1 x
53. Assertion : If ò f (x) dx = 2 log |f(x)|+c, then f (x) = 2 1
(c) f (x) =
3ö
(r) x -2 1 - x - sin -1 x + c
æ 2
x ç x - ÷ 4x - x
è 2ø
Reason : When f (x) = , then
2
1 2 1+ x 4 3/ 2
ò f (x) dx = ò x dx = 2 log | x | + c (d) f (x) =
x
(s)
3
1+ x +c
x 2 +1 x 2 +1 The correct matching is :

54. Assertion : x2 -1 x x
ò x2 e dx = e +c (a) (A-q, B-r, C-p, D-s)
(b) (A-r, B-q, C-p, D-s)
f (x) f (x)
Reason : ò f (x) e dx = e + c
(c) (A-r, B-p, C-q, D-s)
Match the Following (d) (A-r, B-q, C-s, D-p)
Each question has two columns. Four options are given Using the following passage, solve Q.57 and Q.58
representing matching of elements from Column-I and
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds Passage – 1
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the option
corresponding to the correct matching. If the integrand is a rational function of x and fractional
ax + b
powers of a linear fractional function of the form .
55. ò f (x) dx when cx + d
1 Then rationalization of the integral is affected by the

(a) f (x) = x
(p) 2log (e x / 2 + e- x / 2 ) + c
e +1 ax + b
substitution = t m , where m is the L.C.M. of
cx + d
x +x ex
(b) f (x) = e e (q) log +c
ex + 1 ax + b
fractional powers of .
cx + d
ex - 1 1 2x 2
(c) f (x) = (r) e +c
ex + 1 4
dx x -1
57. If I = ò =A4 + c then A is equal to
(d) 2x 2 + log x
(s) x 4 3
(x - 1) (x + 2) 5 x+2
f (x) = e ee + c
The correct matching is :
(a) (a-s, b-q, c-p, d-r) 1 2
(a) (b)
3 3
(b) (a-q, b-s, c-r, d-p)
(c) (a-q, b-s, c-p, d-r)
3 4
(d) (a-r, b-s, c-p, d-q) (c) (d)
4 3
(2x - 3)1/ 2 é1 1 1
58. If I = ò dx = 3 ê (2x - 3) 7 / 6 - (2x - 3)5 / 6 + 61. If I = ò sec6 x dx = tan5x + A tan3x + tan x + c then A is
(2x - 3)1/ 3 + 1 ë 7 5 5
equal to
1 ù
(2x - 3)1/ 2 - (2x - 3)1/ 6 + g(x) ú - 1 then g (x) is equal to 1 2
3 û (a) (b)
3 3
(a) tan–1 (2x–3)1/6 (b) (2x–3)1/2
(c) 3 tan–1 (2x–3)1/6 (d) 4 (2x–3)1/6 1 2
(c) - (d) -
3 3
Using the following passage, solve Q.59 to Q.62
n cosec n - 2 x cot x
Passage – 2 62. If ò cosec x dx = - + A ò cosec n - 2 x dx
n -1
We can derive reduction formula for the integration of the then A is equal to
n n n
form ò sin x dx, ò cos x dx, ò tan x dx and other integrals
1 n
of these form using integration by parts. In turn these (a) (b)
n-2 n-2
reduction formulas can be used to compute integrals of
higher power of sin x and cos x. n -1 n-2
(c) (d)
n-2 n -1
1 4 8
59. If ò sin 5 x dx = - sin x cos x + A sin2x cos x - cos x + c
5 15 Subjective Type
then A is equal to
x +1
2 3 63. Evaluate ò x 1 + xex dx
(a) - (b) - 2
15 5
4 1
(c) - (d) - x 3 + 3x + 2
15 15 64. Integrate ò 2
dx
x2 +1 x +1
6 1
60. If ò tan x dx = tan5x + A tan3x + tan x –x + c then A is
5
equal to
1 2
(a) (b)
3 3
2 1
(c) - (d) -
3 3
EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

ex e- x
4. Let I = ò dx, J = ò dx
x e 4x + e2 x + 1 e -4x + e -2x + 1
1. Let f (x) = òe (x – 1) (x – 2) dx, then f decrease in the
interval (2000) Then, for an arbitrary constant c, the value of J–I equals
(a) (–¥, –2) (b) (–2, –1) (2008)
(c) (1, 2) (d) (2, ¥)
1 æ e 4x - e 2x + 1 ö
2 (a) log ç 4x ÷+c
x -1 2 è e + e +1 ø
x
2. ò x3 2x 4 - 2x 2 + 1
dx is equal to (2006)
1 æ e 2x + e x + 1 ö
2x 4 - 2x 2 + 1 2x 4 - 2x 2 + 1 (b) log ç 2x x ÷+c
(a) +c (b) +c 2 è e - e +1 ø
x2 x3
2x 4 - 2x 2 + 1 2x 4 - 2x 2 + 1 1 æ e 2x - e x + 1 ö
(c) +c (d) +c (c) log ç 2x ÷+c
x 2x 2 2 è e + e +1ø
x
x
3. Let f x = for n ³ 2 and
(1 + x n )1/n 1 æ e 4x + e2x + 1 ö
(d) log ç 4x 2x ÷+c
2 è e - e +1ø
g ( x) = ( f o f o...o f )( x)
144244 3
f occurs n times
sec 2 x
5. The integral ò (sec x + tan x)9 / 2 dx equals to (for some
Then ò x n - 2 g(x) dx equals (2007)
arbitrary constant C) (2012)
1
1 1-
(a) (1 + nx n ) n + c -1
n(n - 1) ì1 1 2ü
(a) í - (sec x + tan x) ý + C
(sec x + tan x)11/ 2 î11 7 þ
1
1 1-
(b) (1 + nx n ) n + c
n -1 1 ì1 1 2ü
(b) í - (sec x + tan x) ý + C
(sec x + tan x)11/ 2 î 11 7 þ
1
1 1+
(c) (1 + nx n ) n + c
n(n + 1) -1 ì1 1 ü
(c) 11/ 2 í
+ (sec x + tan x) 2 ý + C
(sec x + tan x) î11 7 þ
1
1 1+
(d) (1 + nx n ) n + c
n +1
1 ì1 1 ü
(d) 11/ 2 í
+ (sec x + tan x) 2 ý + C
(sec x + tan x) î11 7 þ
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option] ASSERTION REASON
6. Let b be a nonzero real number. Suppose f : R ® R is (A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a
a differentiable function such that f(0) = 1. If the
(B) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is not
f ( x) a correct explanation for ASSERTION.
derivative f ’ of f satisfies the equation f ¢ ( x ) =
b2 + x2
for all x Î R , then which of the following statements is/ (D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true.
are TRUE? (2020)
(a) If b > 0, then f is an increasing function 7. Let F(x) be an indefinite integral of sin2 x.
(b) If b < 0, then f is a decreasing function Assertion : The function F(x) satisfies F(x + p) = F(x) for
all real x.
(c) f (x) . f (–x) = 1 for all xÎR
Reason : sin2(x + p) = sin2 x for all real x. (2007)
(d) f (x) –f (–x) = 0 for all xÎR Subjective Type
æ 2x + 2 ö
8. Evaluate ò sin -1 ç ÷÷ dx (2000)
ç 2
è 4x + 8x + 13 ø
9. For any natural number m, evaluate
3m
ò (x + x 2m +x m ) (2x 2m + 3x m + 6)1/m dx, x > 0 (2002)
Please share your valuable feedback by
scanning the QR code.
DEFINITE INTEGRATION,
AREA UNDER CURVES
Chapter 02 53
AREA UNDER CURVES
1. DEFINITION NOTES :
1. We can also write

Let f (x) be a continuous real valued function defined on the closed
interval [a, b] which is divided into n parts as shown in figure. Sn = h f (a + h) + h f (a + 2h) + ......... + h f (a + nh) and
b n
æ b-a ö æ æ b-a ö ö
ò f ( x ) dx = Lt
n ®¥ å çè
r =1
÷ f ça + ç ÷ r÷
n ø çè è n ø ÷ø
a
1 n -1
1 ærö
2. If a = 0, b = 1, ò f ( x ) dx = Lt
n®¥ å r =0
f ç ÷
n ènø
0
2. DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS LIMIT OF SUM/SUM OF

INFINITE SERIES USING DEFINITE INTEGRAL
The point of division on x-axis are
r 1
b-a Step 1. Replace by x, by dx and nLt
® ¥ å by ò
a, a + h, a +2h.........a + (n–1) h, a + nh, where = h. n n
n
ærö
Let Sn denotes the area of these n rectangles. Step 2. Evaluate nLt ç ÷ by putting least and greatest
®¥ n
è ø
Then, Sn = h f (a) + h f (a + h) + h f (a + 2h) + ....... + h f
values of r as lower and upper limits respectively.
(a + (n – 1) h)
pn p
Clearly, Sn is area very close to the area of the region bounded by 1 ærö
curve y = f (x), x –axis and the ordinates x = a, x = b. For example nLt
®¥ år =1
f ç ÷=
n ènø ò f (x) dx
0
b
é ærö ærö ù
Hence ò f ( x ) dx = Lt Sn
n ®¥ ê nLt ç ÷
®¥ è n ø r = 1
= 0 , Lt ç ÷
n ®¥ è n ø r = np
= pú
a ë û
b n -1
3. SECOND FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF
ò f (x) dx = Lt å h f (a + rh) CALCULUS
n ®¥
a r =0
Let F (x) be any antiderivative of f (x), then for any two values of
the independent variable x, say a and b, the difference
n -1
æ b-a ö æ (b - a ) r ö F (b) – F (a) is called the definite integral of f (x) from a to b and is
= Lt
n ®¥ å çè
r =0
÷ f ça +
n ø è n
÷
ø b b
denoted by ò
a
f ( x ) dx . Thus ò f (x) dx = F (b) - F(a ),
a
SCAN CODE
Definite Integration,
Area Under Curves
54
The numbers a and b are called the limits of integration; a is the 4.2 Geometrical Interpretation of the Definite Integral
lower limit and b is the upper limit. Usually F (b) – F (a) is abbreviated
by writing F (x) |ab . b
If y = f (x) is continuous and ò f ( x) dx = 0,
a
4. GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE
DEFINITE INTEGRAL then f (x) = 0 has at least one real root in (a, b).
5. PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS

4.1
b a
1. ò
a
ò
f ( x ) dx = - f ( x)
b
b b
2. ò
a
f ( x ) dx = ò f (y) dy
a
Figure 4.1
b c b
Let f : [a,b] ® [0, ¥) be a function, P = {x0, x1, x2,....,xn} be a
partition of [a, b] and ti Î [xi=1, xi] for i = 1, 2,...., n Then (see
3. ò
a
ò
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx +
a
ò f (x) dx, where c may or may
c
fig. 4.1) f(t1) Dxi = f(t1) (xi - xi-1) = Area of the rectangle with
not lie between a and b.
width Dxi and height f(ti)
Hence a a
n
4. ò f (x) dx = ò f (a - x) dx
0 0
S f , P = å f ti Dxi
i =1
b b
= Sum of the areas of the rectangles with width Dxi = xi-xi-1 5. ò

a
f ( x ) dx = ò f (a + b - x) dx
a
and height f(ti)
Thus, the area A enclosed by the x-axis, the lines x = a, x=b NOTES :
and the curve y = f(x) is approximately equal to S (f,P).
When the width of the rectangles becomes smaller, that is a
f (x) a
when Max {Dx1, Dx2, ..., Dxn} is small, the sum of the areas 1. ò f ( x ) + f (a - x )
dx =
2
or S (f, P) is very nearly equal to A. If f is integrable, then 0
h
b
S(f, P) converges to f (x) b -a
ò f ( x) dx and hence 2. ò dx =
a
a
f (x) + f (a + b - x) 2
b
2a a a
A = ò f ( x)dx
a
6. ò
0
f ( x ) dx = ò
0
f ( x ) dx + ò f (2a - x) dx
0
Thus, definite integral of a non-negative function f, when

integrable, may be interpreted over [a, b] as the area ì 0 if f (2a - x) = - f (x) ü
enclosed by the curve y = f(x), the lines x = a, x = b and the ï a ï
= í 2 f (x) dx if f (2a – x) = f (x) ý
x-axis. ï ò ï
î 0 þ
SCAN CODE
Area Under Curves
55
14. If a function f (x) is continuous on the interval [a, b], then

a
ì a ü there exists a point c Î (a, b) such that
ï2 f (x) dx if f (-x) = f (x) i.e. f (x) is even ï
7. ò f (x) dx = í ò0 ý
b
-a ï 0 if f (-x) = - f (x) i.e. f (x) is oddï
î þ
ò f (x) dx = f (c) (b - a), where a < c < b.
a
8. If f (x) is a periodic function of period ‘a’,
i.e. f (a + x) = f (x), then 6. DIFFERENTIATION UNDER INTEGRAL SIGN
na a
NEWTON LEIBNITZ’S THEOREM :
(a) ò
0
f ( x ) dx = n ò f (x) dx
0 If f is continuous on [a, b] and g(x) & h(x) are differentiable
functions of x whose values lie in [a, b], then
na a
(b) ò f (x) dx = (n - 1) ò f (x) dx d é

h (x ) ù d d
a 0 ê ò f (t) dt ú = h (x) . f h (x) - g (x) . f g (x)
dx ëê g (x) ûú dx dx
b + na b
(c) ò f (x) dx =ò f (x) dx, where b Î R 7. REDUCTION FORMULAE IN DEFINITE

na 0 INTEGRALS
b +a
(d) ò f (x) dx independent of b. p

2
b æ n -1 ö
If I n = sin n x dx, then show that I n = ç
7.1
0
ò è n ø
÷ In-2
b + na a
(e) ò b
ò
f (x ) dx = n f ( x ) dx, where n Î I
0 p
2
Proof: I n = sin n x dx
b ò
9. If f (x) ³ 0 on the interval [a, b], then
ò
a
f ( x ) dx ³ 0. 0
p
10. If f (x) £ g (x) on the interval [a, b], then p 2
b b I n = - sin n -1 x cos x 2
0 + (n - 1) sin n - 2 x . cos 2 x dx
ò
ò f (x) dx £ò g (x) dx
a a
0
p
b b 2
= (n - 1) sin n - 2 x . (1 - sin 2 x ) dx
ò
11. ò f (x ) dx £ ò f (x ) dx
a a 0
12. If f (x) is continuous on [a, b], m is the least and M is the

p p
greatest value of f (x) on [a, b], then 2 2
b
= (n - 1) sin n - 2 x dx - (n - 1) sin n x dx
ò ò
0 0
m (b - a ) £ ò f (x) dx £ M (b - a )
a
In + (n – 1) In = (n – 1) In–2
13. For any two functions f (x) and g (x), integrable on the
interval [a, b], the Schwarz – Bunyakovsky inequality holds æ n -1 ö
In = ç ÷ In-2
è n ø
b b b
ò f (x ) . g ( x ) dx £ ò f 2 ( x ) dx. g 2 ( x ) dx
ò
a a a
SCAN CODE
Area Under Curves
56
NOTES : p
2
m
p
2
p
2
7.3 If I m,n = ò sin
0
x . cos n x dx, then show that
1. ò sin n x dx = cos n x dx
ò
0 0
m -1
I m,n = I m -2 , n
m+n
æ n -1 ö æ n - 3 ö æ n - 5 ö
2. I n = ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ..... I 0 or I1
è n øèn-2øèn-4ø
p
2
p Proof. I m, n = sin m -1 x (sin x cos n x ) dx
according as n is even or odd. I 0 =
2
, I1 = 1 ò
0
ìæ n - 1 ö æ n - 3 ö æ n - 5 ö æ1ö p
ïïç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ....... ç ÷ . if n is even p
n øèn-2øèn-4ø è2ø 2 é sin m-1 x.cos n +1 x ù 2
Hence I n = íè = ê-
æ n - 1 ö æ n - 3 ö æ n - 5 ö æ2ö ú +
ïç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ........ ç ÷ . 1 if n is odd ë n +1 û0
ïî è n ø è n - 2 ø è n - 4 ø è3ø
p
p 2
cos n+1 x
4
1 ò (m–1) sinm–2 x cos x dx
n n +1
7.2
ò
If I n = tan x dx, then show that In + In–2 =
0
n -1
0
p
p
2
4 æ m -1 ö m-2 n 2
Proof. I n = (tan x ) n - 2 . tan 2 x dx
ò
=ç
è n +1 ø 0 ò
÷ sin x . cos x . cos x dx
0
p
p
4
n -2 2 2
æ m -1 ö
ò
= (tan x ) (sec x - 1) dx
=ç ÷ ò (sin
m-2
x . cos n x - sin m x. cos n x ) dx
0 è n +1 ø 0
p p
4 4
= (tan x ) n - 2 sec 2 x dx - (tan x ) n - 2 dx æ m -1 ö æ m -1ö

ò
0
ò
0
=ç ÷ I m - 2 ,n - ç
è n +1 ø
÷ I m,n
è n +1 ø
p
é (tan x ) n -1 ù 4 æ m -1 ö æ m -1 ö
=ê ú - I n -2 Þ ç1 + ÷ I m, n = ç ÷ I m - 2, n
ë n -1 û0 è n +1 ø è n +1 ø
1
In = - I n-2 æ m -1 ö
n -1 I m, n = ç ÷ I m - 2, n
èm+nø
1
\ I n + I n -2 =
n -1
SCAN CODE
Area Under Curves
57
NOTES : c b
c b
A= ò
a
y dx + ò y dx = ò f (x) dx - ò
c
a c
f (x) dx
æ m -1 ö æ m - 3 ö æ m - 5 ö
1. I m ,n = ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ .......... I or I
è m+n ø è m+n-2ø è m+n-4ø 0,n 1,n
where c is a point in between a and b.
according as m is even or odd.
p p
2 2
1
I 0, n = cos n x dx and I1, n = sin x . cos n x dx =
ò ò
0 0
n +1
2. Walli’s Formula
ì (m - 1) (m - 3) (m - 5) ...... (n - 1) (n - 3) (n - 5) ..... p
ï (m + n) (m + n - 2) (m + n - 4)......... 2
ï 2. The area bounded by the curve x = g (y), y – axis and the
ï when both m, n are even abscissae y = c and y = d (where d > c) is given by
ï
I m,n =í
ï (m - 1) (m - 3) (m - 5) ....... (n - 1) (n - 3) (n - 5)......... d d
ï A = ò | x | dy = ò | g (y) | dy
ï (m + n) (m + n - 2) (m + n - 4)........ c c
ï otherwise
î
8. AREA OF PLANE REGIONS
1. The area bounded by the curve y = f (x), x-axis and the

ordinates x = a. and x = b (where b > a) is given by
b b
A = ò| y| dx = ò| f (x) | dx
a a 3. If we have two curve y = f (x) and y = g (x), such that
y = f (x) lies above the curve y = g (x) then the area bounded
(i) If f (x) > 0 " x Î [a, b] between them and the ordinates x = a and x = b (b > a), is
b
given by
Then A = òa f (x) dx b b
A= òa
ò
f ( x ) dx - g ( x ) dx
a
i.e. upper curve area – lower curve area.
(ii) If f (x) > 0 " x Î [a, c) &

< 0 " x Î (c, b] Then
SCAN CODE
Area Under Curves
58
4. The area bounded by the curves y = f (x) and y = g (x) Step 2 : Origin
between the ordinates x = a and x = b is given by If there is no constant term in the equation of the algebraic
c b
curve, then the curve passes through the origin.
A= ò
a
ò
f (x ) dx + g ( x ) dx,
c
In that case, the tangents at the origin are given by equating
to zero the lowest degree terms in the equation of the
given algebraic curve.
where x = c is the point of intersection of the two curves.
For example, the curve y3 = x3 + axy passes through the
origin and the tangents at the origin are given by axy = 0
i.e. x = 0 and y = 0.
Step 3 : Intersection with the Co-ordinate Axes
(i) To find the points of intersection of the curve with X-axis,
put y = 0 in the equation of the given curve and get the
corresponding values of x.
(ii) To find the points of intersection of the curve with Y-axis,
put x = 0 in the equation of the given curve and get the
corresponding values of y.
Step 4 : Asymptotes
Find out the asymptotes of the curve.
9. CURVE TRACING
(i) The vertical asymptotes or the asymptotes parallel to
In order to find the area bounded by several curves, it is y-axis of the given algebraic curve are obtained by
important to have rough sketch of the required portion. equating to zero the coefficient of the highest power of y
The following steps are very useful in tracing a cartesian in the equation of the given curve.
curve f (x, y) = 0. (ii) The horizontal asymptotes or the asymptotes parallel to
Step 1 : Symmetry x-axis of the given algebraic curve are obtained by equating
to zero the coefficient of the highest power of x in the
(i) The curve is symmetrical about x-axis if all powers of y in
equation of the given curve.
the equation of the given curve are even.
Step 5 : Region
(ii) The curve is symmetrical about y-axis if all powers of x in
the equation of the given curve are even. Find out the regions of the plane in which no part of the
curve lies. To determine such regions we solve the given
(iii) The curve is symmetrical about the line y = x, if the equation
equation for y in terms of x or vice-versa. Suppose that y
of the given curve remains unchanged on interchanging x
becomes imaginary for x > a, the curve does not lie in the
and y.
region x > a.
(iv) The curve is symmetrical in opposite quadrants, if the
Step 6: Critical Points
equation of the given curve remains unchanged when x
and y are replaced by – x and – y respectively. dy
Find out the values of x at which = 0.
dx
At such points y generally changes its character from an
increasing function of x to a decreasing function of x or
vice-versa.
Step 7: Trace the curve with the help of the above points.
SCAN CODE
Area Under Curves
DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES 59
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Let f (x) be a function satisfying f ´ (x) = f (x) with Evaluate the following integrals :
f (0) = 1 and g (x) be a function that satisfies
3 3
f (x) + g (x) = x 2. Then the value of the integral x
(i) ò x 2 dx (ii) ò (x + 1) (x + 2) dx
1 2 1
ò f (x) g (x) dx is
0
3
3 2 é x3 ù
e 2
2 2
e 3 Sol. (i) ò2 x dx = ê ú
(a) e + - (b) e - - ë 3 û2
2 2 2 2
27 8 19
= - =
3 3 3
e2 5 e2 5
(c) e + + (d) e - -
2 2 2 2
x -1 2
(ii) = +
Ans. (b) (x + 1) (x + 2) x + 1 x + 2
Sol. As f ( x) = f '( x) and f (0) = 1
3 x 3
\ ò dx = - log |x + 1| + 2 log |x + 2| 1
f ¢ ( x)
1 (x + 1) (x + 2)
Þ =1
f ( x) = [– log |4| + 2 log |5|] – [–log |2| + 2 log |3|]
= [–log 4 + 2 log 5] – [– log 2 + 2 log 3]
Þ log( f ( x)) = x + c Þ f (x) = ex + k
= – 2 log 2 + 2 log 5 + log 2 – 2 log 3
x
Þ f ( x) = e as f (0) = 1 = – log 2 + log 25 – log 9 = log 25 – log 18
Now g ( x) = x 2 - e x 25
= log
18
1 1
\ ò f ( x ) g ( x )dx = ò e x x 2 - e x dx Example – 3
0 0
1 1
= ò x 2e x dx - ò e 2 x dx p/4
1 - sin x
0 0
Evaluate : ò sec x . dx .
0
1 + sin x
1
æ e2 x ö
1
= éë x 2 - 2 x + 2 e x ùû - ç ÷ p/ 4
0
è 2 ø0 Sol. I=
1 - sin x
ò sec x .
0
1 + sin x
dx
2 2
æ e -1 ö e 3
= (e - 2) - ç ÷ = e- - p/4
è 2 ø 2 2 1 - sin x 1 - sin x
= ò sec x. . dx
0
1 + sin x 1 - sin x
n x x n n n n
Using f ( x)e dx = e éë f ( x) - f1 ( x) + f2 ( x) +¼+ (-1) fn ( x) ùû
p/4
1 - sin x
Where f1 , f 2 , ¼ f n are derivatives of first, second ¼ n th order.. = ò sec x dx
0 1 - sin 2 x
Example – 5
p/4
1 - sin x
= ò sec x dx
0
cos x p/2
64
Prove that ò sin f cos5 f df = .
0
231
p/4
2
= ò (sec x - sec x tan x) dx
p/2
0
Sol. I= ò sin f cos5 f df
0
p/4 p/ 4
= ò sec2 x dx - ò sec x tan x dx p/2
0 0
= ò sin f cos4 f cos f df
0
p/4 p/4
= [tan x] 0 - [sec x] 0
p/2
= ò sin f (1 - sin 2 f)2 cos f df
æ p ö æ p ö 0
= ç tan - tan 0 ÷ - ç sec - sec 0 ÷
è 4 ø è 4 ø
Put sin f = t so that cos f df = dt.
= (1 - 0) - ( 2 - 1) = 2 - 2 . When f = 0, sin 0 = t Þ t = 0.
p p
Example – 4 When f = , sin = t Þ t = 1
2 2
1
1 1
4
Evaluate : ò 5x x 5 + 1 dx . \ I = ò t (1 - t 2 )2 dt = ò t (1 - 2t 2 + t 4 ) dt
-1 0 0
1 1
Sol. Let I = ò 5x 4 x 5 + 1 dx = ò (t1/ 2 - 2t 5 / 2 + t 9 / 2 ) dt
-1 0
Put x5 = t so that 5x4 dx = dt.

1
é t3/ 2 t 7 / 2 t11/ 2 ù
When x = –1, t = –1. When x = 1, t = 1. =ê -2 + ú
ë3 / 2 7 / 2 11/ 2 û 0
1
\ I= ò t + 1 dt 1
-1 é2 4 2 ù
= ê t 3 / 2 - t 7 / 2 + t11/ 2 ú
ë 3 7 11 û0
1
é (t + 1)3/ 2 ù 2 3/ 2
1
=ê ú = éë(t + 1) ùû -1 é2 4 2 ù
= ê (1) - (1) + (1) ú - [0 - 0 + 0]
ë 3 / 2 û -1 3
ë3 7 11 û
2 3/ 2 4 2. 2 4 2
= [2 - 0] = = - +
3 3 3 7 11
154 - 132 + 42 64 .
= =
231 231
Example – 6
é æ 1ö
Þ I = lim êa 2 (b - a ) + a (b - a ) 2 ç1 + ÷÷
2
n ®¥
ë è nø
æ x -1 ö
Evaluate : ò ç 2 ÷ e x dx
1è x ø
1 æ 1öæ 1 öù
+ (b - a ) 3 ç1 + ÷ ç 2 + ÷ ú
Or 6 è nøè n øû
2
x æ1 1 ö (b - a)3
òe ç - 2
èx x
÷ dx
ø Þ I = a2 (b – a) + a (b – a)2 + (2)
1 6
æ x -1 ö x x æ1 1 ö é b 2 + a 2 - 2ab ù
Sol. ò çè x2 ø
÷ e dx = ò e ç - 2
è x x
÷ dx
ø Þ I = (b - a ) êa 2 + ab - a 2 + ú
ë 3 û
1 x 1
=ò . e dx - ò 2 .e x dx (b - a ) 2 b3 - a 3
x x Þ I= a + b 2 + ab =
3 3
1 x æ 1 ö 1
= . e - ò ç - 2 ÷ e x dx - ò 2 .ex dx Example – 8
x è x ø x
[Integrating first integral by parts] 1

Evaluate : ò | 3x - 1| dx
1 x 0
= . e = F(x)
x
Sol. We know that |3x – 1| = 3x – 1,
2 2
æ x -1ö x é ex ù 1
\ ò1 çè x 2 ÷ø e dx = ê ú when x ³ i.e. when 3x –1 ³ 0
ë x û1 3
and |3x –1| = – (3x–1)
1 1 1
= .e2 - e1 = e 2 - e . 1
2 1 2 when x < i.e. when 3x –1 < 0.
3
Example – 7
1 1/ 3 1
b \ ò | 3x - 1| dx =
0
ò | 3x - 1 | dx +
0
ò | 3x - 1| dx
1/ 3
2
Evaluate : dx using limit of a sum formula.
òx
a
1/ 3 1
= ò -(3x - 1) dx + ò (3x - 1) dx
b
0 1/ 3
Let I = x 2 dx = lim h [(a + h) 2 + (a + 2 h) 2 +...+ (a + nh)2]
Sol.
ò
a
n ®¥
h ®0 1/ 3 1
é æ3 öù é3 ù
= ê- ç x 2 - x ÷ú + ê x 2 - x ú
ë è2 øû0 ë2 û1/ 3
= lim h éë a 2 + a 2 + ... + h2 + 4h2 + ..... + n2 h2
n ®¥
h®0
æ 3 1 1 ö éæ 3 ö æ 3 1 1 öù
= - ç . - ÷ + êç (1) - 1 ÷ - ç . - ÷ ú
+ 2ah + 4ah + ... + 2anh ùû è 2 9 3 ø ëè 2 ø è 2 9 3 øû
é 2ah 2 n (n + 1) h 3 n (n + 1) (2n + 1) ù é1 1ù é 3 ù é1 1ù
= - ê - ú + ê - 1ú - ê - ú
Þ I = lim ê nha 2 + + ú ë 6 3 û ë 2 û ë 6 3û
n ®¥
h ®0 ë
2 6 û
Using nh = b – a, we get : æ1 1ö 1 æ 1ö 1 1 1 5
= -2 ç - ÷ + = -2 ç - ÷ + = + =
è6 3ø 2 è 6ø 2 3 2 6
Example – 9
p/2
sin x + cos x
Þ 2I =
3.5 ò0
sin x + cos x
dx
Evaluate : ò [x] dx
0.5
where [ . ] is GIF
p/ 2
p p
ì 0, 0.5 £ x < 1
ï 1,1 £ x < 2
Þ 2I = ò dx = 2
0
Þ I=
4
ï
Sol. Here f (x) = [x] = í
ï 2, 2 £ x < 3 Example – 11
ïî3,3 £ x < 3.5
p/2
3.5 1 2 3 3.5 Prove that ò sin 2x log tan x dx = 0.

\ ò [x] dx = ò [x] dx + ò [x] dx + ò [x] dx + ò [x] dx 0
0.5 0.5 1 2 3
p/2
1 2 3 3.5
Sol. Let I = ò sin 2x log tan x dx ... (1)
= ò 0.dx + ò1.dx + ò 2.dx + ò 3 dx 0
0.5 1 2 3
= 0 + [x]12 + 2[x]32 + 3[x]3.5

3 p/2
\ æp ö æp ö
I= ò sin 2 çè 2 - x ÷ø log tan çè 2 - x ÷ø dx
= (2 – 1) + 2 (3 – 2) + 3 (3. 5 – 3) 0
= 1 + 2 + 1.5 = 4.5.
Example – 10 p/2
æp ö
= ò sin (p - 2x) log tan çè 2 - x ÷ø dx
0
p/ 2
sin x
Evaluate : ò
0
sin x + cos x
dx
p/2
= ò sin 2x log cot x dx ... (2)
0
p/ 2
sin x
Sol. Let : ò
0
sin x + cos x
dx ... (i) Adding (1) and (2) :
p/2
Using property – 4, we have :
2I = ò sin 2x [log tan x + log cot x] dx
0
p/ 2
sin( p / 2 - x )
I= ò
0
sin (p / 2 - x ) + cos (p / 2 - x )
dx
p/ 2
= ò sin 2x log (tan x cot x) dx
0
p/2
cos x
I= ò
0
cos x + sin x
dx ... (ii) p/2
= ò sin 2x log 1 dx = 0
0
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
p/2 p/ 2
[Q log 1 = 0]
sin x cos x
2I = ò
0
sin x + cos x
dx + ò
0
sin x + cos x
dx
Hence I = 0.
Example – 12
1 2
é x2 ù é 3x 2 ù
= ê 2. - x ú + ê - 2x ú
If f (a + b – x) = f (x), then
b
x f (x) dx is equal to ë 2 û -2 ë 2 û1
ò a
2
a+b b 1 é3 ù
(a) ò f (x) dx = éë x 2 - x ùû + ê x 2 - 2x ú
2 a -2
ë 2 û1
b-a b
(b) ò f (x) dx
2 a éæ 3 ö æ3 öù
= [(1 - 1) - (4 + 2)] + êç (4) - 2(2) ÷ - ç (1) - 2(1) ÷ú
ëè 2 ø è2 øû
a+b b
(c)
2 ò a
f (a + b - x) dx
æ 1ö 5 7
= (0 - 6) + ç 2 + ÷ = -6 + = -
a+b b è 2 ø 2 2
(d) ò f (b - x) dx
2 a
Example – 14
Ans. (a,c)
p/ 2
b
Sol. Let I = ò x f ( x )dx
a
Evaluate :
ò
0
1 - sin 2x dx.
b
I = ò (a + b - x) f (a + b - x)dx p/2
a
b b
Sol. Let I =
ò
0
1 - sin 2x dx
I = ò ( a + b) f (a + b - x)dx - ò x f ( a + b - x )dx
a a
b b p/2
I = ò (a + b) f ( x)dx - ò x f ( x)dx (sin x - cos x ) 2 dx
a a Þ I= ò
0
a+b b a+b b
\I = ò f ( x)dx = f ( a + b - x)dx
2 a 2 òa p/ 2
Example – 13
Þ I=
ò sin x - cos x dx
0
2
p/ 4 p/2
Evaluate :
ò f (x) dx;
-2
Þ I=
ò
0
sin x - cos x dx + ò (sin x - cos x) dx
p/ 4
ì 2x - 1, -2 £ x < 1
where f (x) = í p/4 p/2
î 3x - 2, 1 £ x < 2 Þ I=
ò
0
(cos x - sin x ) dx + ò (sin x - cos x) dx
p/4
2 1 2
Sol. ò f (x) dx =
-2
ò f (x) dx + ò f (x) dx
-2 1
Þ I = sin x + cos x
p/ 4
+ - cos x - sin x
p/ 2
0 p /4
1 2 æ 1 ö æ 1
1 1 ö
= ò (2x - 1) dx + ò (3x - 2) dx Þ I=ç + - 1÷÷ + (-1) - çç - - ÷÷
ç
-2 1 è 2 2 ø è 2 2ø
Þ I = 2 2 -2
p
x æp ö
Evaluate : ò 1 + cos 2
x
dx. p x sin (2 x ) sin ç cos x ÷ dx
è2 ø
0 Evaluate :
ò
0
2x - p
p
x
Sol. Let I = ò 1 + cos 2
x
dx ... (i)
0 æp ö
p x sin ( 2x ) sin ç cos x ÷ dx
è 2 ø
p
Sol. Let I =
ò
0
2x - p
... (i)
Þ I= (p - x ) [using property – 4]
ò 1 + cos (p - x) dx
0
2
Apply property – 4 to get
... (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get :
æp ö
p ( p - x) sin (2p - 2x) sin ç cos ( p - x) ÷ dx
Þ I=ò è2 ø
p 0
2 ( p - x) - p
p
Þ 2I =
ò
0
1 + cos 2 x
dx
æp ö
(p - x ) sin 2 x sin ç cos x ÷ dx
p
p p/ 2 è2 ø
p
Þ I= 2 ò
dx
2
=
2p
ò
dx = - ò 2 x - p
... (ii)
0
1 + cos x 2 0
1 + cos 2 x 0
[using property – 6] Add (i) and (ii) to get
Divide Nr and Dr by cos2x to get : p

ép ù
2 I = ò 2 sin x cos x sin ê cos x ú dx
p/2 0 ë2 û
sec 2 x
Þ I=p
ò
0
sec 2 x + 1
dx
p p
Let cos x = t Þ – sin x dx = dt
Put tan x = t Þ sec2 x dx = dt 2 2
[sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x]
p/2 p/ 2
For x = p/2, t ® ¥ and for x = 0, t = 0 4 8
Þ I= 2
p ò
-p / 2
t sin t dt = 2
p ò t sin t dt
0
¥
dt
Þ I=p
ò 2+ t
0
2
8 é p/ 2
Þ I= -t cos t + (sin t) 0p / 2 ù
p2 ë 0 û
¥
p -1 t p p p2
Þ I= tan = =´ 8 8
2 2 2 2 2 2 = [0 + 1] = 2
0
p2 p
Example – 17 Substituting in (iii) we get :

2 I = I – p /2 log 2
p/2
Þ I = – p/2 log 2
Evaluate : ò log sin x dx.
0 [learn this result so that you can directly apply it in other
difficult problem]
p/2
Let I = ... (i) Example – 18

Sol.
ò log sin x dx
0
np + v
p/2
æp ö
Show that
ò sin x dx = 2n + 1 - cos v, where n is a +ve
Þ I=
ò
0
log sin ç - x ÷ dx
è 2 ø
[using property–4] 0
integer and 0 £ v £ p.
p/2 np+ v np np+ v

Let I = ò sin x dx = ò sin x dx + ò sin x dx
Þ I=
ò log cos x dx
0
... (ii) Sol.
0 0 np
[using property – 3]
Adding (i) and (ii) we get :
Þ I = I1 + I 2 ... (i)
p/ 2 p/2
æ sin 2 x ö Consider I1 :
2I = ò log (sin x cos x) dx = ò log çè
0 0
2 ø
÷ dx
np p
I1 = ò sin x dx = n ò sin x dx
p/ 2 p/2 0 0
Þ 2I =
ò
0
log sin 2 x dx - ò0
log 2 dx
[using property and period of |sin x| is p]
p
p/ 2
p Þ I1 = n sin x dx
ò
Þ 2I =
ò log sin 2x dx - 2 log 2
0
... (iii) 0
[As sin x ³ 0 in [0, p], |sin x| = sin x]

p/2
p
Þ I1 = -n cos x 0 = -n -1 - 1 = 2n
Let I1 = ò log sin 2x dx
0
np + v v
Put t = 2x Þ dt = 2dx | sin x | dx = ò | sin x | dx
Consider I2 : I 2 = ò
np
0
p
For x = , t = p and for x = 0, t = 0
2 [as period of |sin x| = p]
v
p p/2
1 2 Þ I 2 = ò sin x dx
Þ I1 =
2 0 ò
log sin t dt =
2 ò log sin t dt
0
0
[as for 0 £ x £ p, sin x is positive]

v
p/2 = - cos x 0 = 1 - cos v
Þ I1 = ò log sin x dx
0
[using property–2]
On substituting the values of I1 and I2 in (i), we get
Þ I1 = I I = 2n + (1 – cos v) = 2n + 1 – cos v.
Hence proved.
d æ x Let F : R ® R be a differentiable function having

Evaluate cos t 2 dt ö÷
dx è ò1/ x
ç
ø æ 1 ö f ( x) 4t
3
f (2) = 6, f ´(2) = ç ÷ . Then lim ò dt equals
è 48 ø x ®2 6 x-2
x
Sol. Let, f (x) = ò cos t 2 dt
1/ x
(a) 36 (b) 24
d
2 (c) 18 (d) 12
ìd ü æ 1 ö ì d æ 1 öü
\ (f (x)) = cos ( x ) 2 . í ( x ) ý - cos ç ÷ í ç ÷ ý
dx î dx þ è x ø î dx è x ø þ Ans. (c)
1 1 æ 1 ö f ( x) 4t 3
= cos x + 2 .cos ç 2 ÷ (Using Leibnitz Rule) Sol. lim ò dt (0 / 0) form,
2 x x èx ø
x ®2 6 x-2
d æ x 1 1 æ 1 ö f ¢ ( x ) ´ 4( f ( x ))3
cos t 2 dt ö÷ = cos x + 2 cos ç 2 = lim
dx è ò1/ x
Þ ç ÷.
ø 2 x x èx ø x®2 1
Example – 20 1
= 4 f ¢ (2) ´ ( f (2))3 = ´ 4 ´ 6 ´ 6 ´ 6 = 18
48
Find the points of local minimum and local maximum of the
x2 Example – 22
t 2 - 5t + 4
function
ò0
2 + et
dt.
If for a continuous function
x2 x2 t æ pö
ò-p f (x) + x dx = p - t , for all t ³ -p, then f çè - 3 ÷ø is equal
2 2
t2 - 5t + 4 (t - 1) (t - 4)
Sol. Let y = ò dt = ò dt
0
2 + et 0
2 + et
to:
For the points of Extremes,
p
dy (a) p (b)
=0 2
dx
p p
é ( x 2 - 1) ( x 2 - 4) ù (c) (d)
3 6
ê 2 ú ( 2x ) = 0 [using property under point 3]
ë 2 + ex û Ans. (a)
4 2
Þ x = 0 or x – 5x + 4 = 0 t
2
Sol. ò-p ( f (x) + x)dx = p - t2
Þ x = 0 or (x – 1) (x + 1) (x – 2) (x + 2) = 0
Þ x = 0, x = ± 1 and x = ± 2 Applying Newton-Leibnitz theorem,
f (t ) + t = -2t
æ p ö p 2p
f ’(x) changes sign from (–) to (+) at x = –2, 0, 2 where as f ç- ÷- =
è 3ø 3 3
f ’(x) changes sign from (+) to (–) at x = –1, 1
Þ x = –2, 0, 2 are points of local minimum and x = –1, 1 are æ pö
Þ f ç- ÷ = p
points of local maximum. è 3ø
Example – 23
æ ö
Find the sum of the series :
1 çç 1 ÷÷
n
Sn = å
1 1 1 1 r =1 n ç r r ÷
lim + + + ........ + . ç + ÷
n ®¥ n n +1 n + 2 6n è n n ø
1 1 1 1
Sol. Let S = lim + + + ........ +
n ®¥ n n +1 n + 2 n + 5n 1
1
\ lim Sn = ò dx
n ®¥
Take 1/n common from the series i.e. 0 x+ x
é ù 1
1 ê 1 1 1 ú 1
S = lim =ò dx
ê1 + + + ....... +
5n ú x x +1
ê 1+ 1 1+ 2
n ®¥ n 0
1+ ú
ë n n n û
1
1
5n
1 = 2 ln x +1
= lim
n ®¥ n å 1+ r / n
r=0
0
= 2 ln 2
For the definite integral,
Example – 25
ærö 1
Lower limit = a = nlim ç ÷ = lim = 0
®¥ n n ®¥ n
è ø 1 2 1 3
If I1 = ò 2 x dx, I2 = ò 2x dx,
00
ærö 5n
Upper limit = b = nlim ç ÷ = lim
®¥ n n ®¥ n
=5
è ø I3 = ò
2 2
2 x dx and I 4 = ò
2
2 x dx
3
1 1
Therefore,
then
5n
1 1
S = lim å (a) I1 > I2 (b) I2 > 11
n n®¥ r=0 1+ (r / n)
(c) I3 > I4 (d) I3 = I4
5
dx 5
Ans. (a)
=ò = ëéln 1 + x ûù 0 = ln 6 - ln 1 = ln 6
0
1 + x Sol. For 0 < x < 1,
Example – 24 x2 > x3
2 3
1 1 1 1 \ 2x > 2x
If Sn = + + + ... +
2
, then find
1+ n 2 + 2n 3 + 3n n+ n 1 2 1 3
\ ò 2 x dx > ò 2 x dx
0 0
lim Sn .
n®¥
\ I1 > I 2
(a) log 2 (b) 2 log 2
3 2
(c) 3 log 2 (d) 4 log 2 and for 1 < x < 2, x 3 > x 2 \ 2 x > 2 x
Ans. (b)
2 3
i.e. ò 2 x < ò 2 x Þ I3 < I4
1 1 1 1
Sol. Sn = + + + ... +
1+ n 2 + 2n 3 + 3n n + n2
Example – 26 Put n = 10,
p/4 P10 = e - 10e + 90 P8

In = ò tann x dx, then nlim
®¥
n [In + In–2] equals
0
Þ P10 - 90 P8 = -9e
(a) 1/2 (b) 1
Example – 28
(c) ¥ (d) 0
Ans. (b) Find the area bounded by the curve
p /4 y = x2 – 5x + 6, X–axis and the lines x = 1 and 4.
Sol. In = ò tan n xdx
0
Sol. For y = 0, we get x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
p /4 Þ x = 2, 3
In-2 = ò tan n - 2 xdx
0 Hence the curve crosses X–axis at x = 2, 3 in the interval
[1, 4].
p /4 p /4
\ In +In-2 = ò tan n xdx + ò tan n - 2 xdx
0 0 2 3 4
p /4 n-2 2
p /4 n- 2
Bounded Area = ò y dx +
1
ò y dx +
2
ò y dx
3
=ò tan x ´ sec x - 1 dx + ò tan xdx
0 0
p /4 1
=ò tan n - 2 x sec2 xdx = ò t n – 2 dt
0 0
1
\ I n + I n–2 =
n –1
1
\ n I n + In - 2 =
1
1–
n
\ Lt n I n + I n - 2 = 1
n ®¥
Example – 27
2 3
Þ A= ò1 (x2 - 5x + 6) dx + ò (x2 - 5x + 6) dx
e 2
n
If for n > 1, Pn = ò log x dx, then P - 90P is equal to:
10 8
1
4
(a) - 9 (b) 10e + ò (x2 - 5x + 6) dx
(c) -9e (d) 10 3
Ans. (c)
é 23 -13 ù æ 22 -12 ö 5
e A1 = ê ú -5 ç ÷ + 6 (2 -1) =
Sol.
Pn = ò (log x )n × 1 × dx
1 1
424 3 II ë 3 û è 2 ø 6
I
33 - 23 æ 32 - 22 ö 1
n e e n -1 A2 = -5 ç ÷ + 6 (3 - 2) = -
= x(log x) - ò n (log x) × 1 × dx 3 è 2 6
1 1 1424 3 II ø
I
e e 43 - 33 æ 4 2 - 32 ö 5
= e - n é x (log x) n -1 - ò (n - 1)(log x )n - 2 dx ù A3 = -5 ç ÷ + 6 (4 - 3) =
ëê 1 1 ûú 3 è 2 ø 6
Pn = e - n e - (n - 1) Pn - 2
5 1 5 11
Þ A= + - + = sq. units.
6 6 6 6
Example – 29
The parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the square region

bounded by the lines x = 4, y = 4 and the coordinate axes.
If S1, S2, S 3 are respectively the areas of these parts
numbered from top to bottom; then S1 : S2 : S3 is
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 1 : 1 (d) 2 : 1 : 2
Ans. (c)
Sol. Total area = 4 ´ 4 = 16 sq.units

Example – 31
2
4 x 16
Area of S3 = ò0 dx = = S1 Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by:
4 3
(–1, 1), (0, 5) and (3, 2).
16 16 Sol. Let A (–1, 1), B (0, 5) and C (3, 2) be the vertices of the
\ S 2 = 16 - ´2 = . triangle as shown in the following figure :
3 3
\ S1 : S2 : S3 is 1:1:1
Example – 30 Equation of AB is :
Find the area bounded by the circle x2 + y2 = a2. 5 -1

y -1 = (x + 1)
0 - (-1)
Sol. x2 + y2 = a2 Þ y = ± a2 - x2
é y 2 - y1 ù
Equation of semicircle above X–axis is y = + a2 - x2 ê Using y-y1 = (x - x1 ) ú
ë x 2 - x1 û
Area of circle = 4 (shaded area)
Þ y – 1 = 4 (x + 1)
a
Þ y = 4x + 5 ... (1)
=4 ò a 2 - x 2 dx
0
Equation of BC is :
2-5
a y -5 = (x - 0)
éx a2 xù 3-0
= 4ê a 2 - x 2 + sin -1 ú
ë 2 2 a û0
Þ 3y – 15 = – 3x
Þ 3y = 15 – 3x
a2 æ p ö 2
=4 ç ÷ = pa Þ y=5–x ... (2)
2 è2ø
Equation of AC is :
2 -1
y -1 = (x + 1)
3 - (-1)
1
Þ y -1 = (x + 1)
4
Þ 4y – 4 = x + 1
Þ 4y = x + 5
x 5
Þ y= + ... (3) \ A is (2, 0) and B is (0, 6).
4 4
\ The equation of chord AB is :
Now ar (DABC) = ar (ALOB) + ar (OMCB) –ar (ALMC)
6-0
0 3 3 y-0 = (x - 2)
æ1 5ö 0-2
= ò (4x + 5) dx + ò (5 - x) dx - ò ç x + ÷ dx
-1 0 -1 è
4 4ø
Þ y = –3x + 6.
0 3 3
\ Reqd. area (shown shaded)
é 4x 2 ù é x2 ù é x2 5 ù
=ê + 5x ú + ê5x - ú - ê + x ú 2 2
ë 2 û -1 ë 2 û 0 ë 8 4 û -1
= ò 3 4 - x 2 dx - ò (6 - 3x) dx
0 0
2 3 2 3
0 é x ù éx 5 ù
= éë 2x 2 + 5x ùû + ê5x - ú - ê + x ú 2 2
-1
ë 2 û 0 ë 8 4 û -1 é x 4 - x 2 4 -1 x ù é 3x 2 ù
=3ê + sin ú - ê6x - ú
êë 2 2 2 úû ë 2 û0
0
éæ 9ö ù
= (0 + 0) - (2 - 5) + êç 15 - ÷ - (0 - 0) ú
ëè 2ø û é2 ù é 3(4) ù
= 3 ê (0) + 2sin -1 (1) ú - ê 6(2) -
ë2 û ë 2 úû
éæ 9 15 ö æ 1 5 ö ù
- êç + ÷ - ç - ÷ ú
ëè 8 4 ø è 8 4 ø û é pù
= 3 ê 2 ´ ú - [12 - 6]
ë 2û
21 æ 9 + 30 - 1 + 10 ö 21 48
= 3+ -ç ÷ = 3+ - = (3p – 6) sq. units.
2 è 8 ø 2 8
Example – 33
21 21 15
= 3+ -6 = -3 = = 7.5 sq. units .
2 2 2 Find the area bounded by the curves y = x2 and x2 + y2 = 2
above X–axis.
Example – 32
Sol. Let us first find the points of intersection of curves.
2 2
AOBA is the part of the ellipse 9x + y = 36 in the first Solving y = x2 and x2 + y2 = 2 simultaneously, we get :
quadrant such that OA = 2 and OB = 6. Find the area x2 + x4 = 2
between the arc AB and the chord AB.
Þ (x2 – 1) (x2 + 2) = 0
Sol. The given equation of the ellipse can be written as
Þ x2 = 1 and x2 = – 2 [reject]
x 2 y2 x 2 y2 Þ x=±1
+ = 1 i.e. 2 + 2 = 1
4 36 2 6 Þ A = (–1, 1) and B = (1, 1)
+1
Shaded Area =
ò æçè
-1
2 - x 2 - x 2 ö÷ dx
ø
+1 +1
= ò 2 - x dx - ò x 2 dx
2
-1 -1
1 1
=2 ò 2 - x dx - 2 x 2 dx
2
ò
0 0
1
éx 2 x ù æ1ö
=2ê 2 - x2 + sin -1 ú -2 ç 3÷
ë 2 2 2 û0 è ø
æ1 pö 2 1 p Hence the line (2) intersects parabola (1) in the points

= 2 ç + ÷ - = + sq. units.
è2 4ø 3 3 2 A (–2, 3) and B (4, 12).
\ Reqd. area = area ALMB – (area ALO + area OMB)
4
3x + 12 æ0 3 4
3 ö
=ò dx - çç ò x 2 dx + ò x 2 dx ÷÷
-2
2 è -2 4 0
4 ø
é 3x + 12 ù
êQ From (2), y = 2 ú
ë û
4
1 é 3x 2 ù é 3 ì x 3 ü0 3 ì x 3 ü4 ù
= ê + 12x ú - ê í ý + í ý ú
2ë 2 û -2 êë 4 î 3 þ-2 4 î 3 þ0 úû
Example – 34
Find the area of the region included between : 1 é3 8 3 64 ù

= [(24 + 48) – (6 – 24)] - ê æç 0 + ö÷ + æç - 0 ö÷ ú
2 ë 4 è 3 ø 4 è 3 ø û
3 2
The parabola y = x and the line 3x – 2y + 12 = 0
4
1
Sol. The given parabola is 4y = 3x2. = [72 + 18] – [2 + 16] = 45 – 18
2
3 2 = 27 sq. units.
i.e. y= x ... (1)
4
Example – 35
and the given line is 3x – 2y + 12 = 0 ... (2)
Using integration, find the area of the region :
Putting the value of y from (1) in (2), we get :
æ3 ö 3 {(x, y) : |x – 1| £ y £ 5 - x2 }
3x - 2 ç x 2 ÷ + 12 = 0 Þ 3x - x 2 + 12 = 0
è4 ø 2 Sol. The given curves are :
Þ 6x – 3x2 + 24 = 0 x2 + y2 = 5
Þ x2 – 2x – 8 = 0 [Q y = 5 - x 2 Þ y2 = 5 – x2 Þ x2 + y2 = 5]
Þ (x – 4) (x + 2) = 0
Þ x = 4, – 2. ì1 - x, if x < 1
and y=í
î x - 1, if x ³ 1
3 3
Putting in (1), y = (4)2 = 12 and y = (–2)2 = 3. The reqd. region is shown as shaded in the following
4 4
figure :
Example – 36
Find the area bounded by the curve : y = 4 - x , X–axis

and Y–axis.
Sol. Trace the curve y = 4 - x .
1. Put y = 0 in the given curve to get x = 4 as the point of

intersection with X–axis.
Put x = 0 in the given curve to get y = 2 as the point of
y = x – 1 meets x2 + y2 = 5 at B (2, 1)
intersection with Y–axis.
y = 1 – x meets x2 + y2 = 5 at C (–1, 2)
2. For the curve, y = 4 - x , 4 - x ³ 0
y = x – 1 and y = 1 – x meet at A (1, 0).
\ Reqd. area = ar. (MCBLM) – ar (CMAC) – ar (ALBA) Þ x£4

Þ curve lies only to the left of x = 4 line.
2 1 2
3. As any y is positive, curve is above X–axis.
= ò 5 - x 2 dx - ò (1 - x) dx - ò (x - 1) dx
-1 -1 1
2 1 2
é x 5 - x 2 5 -1 x ù é x2 ù é x2 ù
=ê + sin ú - êx - ú - ê - x ú
êë 2 2 5 úû ë 2 û -1 ë 2 û1
-1
éæ 5 2 ö æ 1 5 -1 æ 1 ö ù
= êç 1 + sin -1 ÷ - ç - ´ 2 + sin ç - ÷ú
êëè 2 5ø è 2 2 è 5 ø úû
éæ 1 ö æ 1 öù é æ 1 öù
- êç 1 - ÷ - ç -1 - ÷ ú - ê (2 - 2) - ç - 1 ÷ ú
ëè 2 ø è 2 øû ë è 2 øû
Using step 1 to 3, we can draw the rough sketch of
y = 4 - x.
5 2 5 æ 1 ö 1
= 1 + sin -1 + 1 - sin -1 ç - ÷-2-
2 5 2 è 5ø 2 In figure,
4 4
-2
1 5é 2 æ 1 öù Bounded area = ò 4 - x dx = (4 - x) 4 - x
= - + êsin -1 + sin -1 ç ÷ú 0
3 0
2 2ë 5 è 5 øû
16
= sq. units.
1 5 p 5p 1 3
=- + ´ = - sq. units
2 2 2 4 2
Example – 37
Find the area enclosed by the loop in the curve:

4y2 = 4x2 – x3.
Sol. The given curve is : 4y2 = 4x2 – x3
To draw the rough sketch of the given curve, consider the
following steps :
(i) On replacing y by – y, there is no change in function.
It means the graph is symmetric about Y–axis.
(ii) For x = 4, y = 0 and for x = 0, y = 0. From graph,
(iii) In the given curve, LHS is positive for all values of y. Shaded area (A) = 2 × (area of portion above X–axis)
Þ RHS ³ 0 Þ x2 (1–x/4) ³ 0
4 4
Þ x £ 4. x
Hence the curve lies to the left of x = 4.
Þ A=2 ò
0
2 ò
4 - x dx = x 4 - x dx
0
(iv) As x ® – ¥, y ® ± ¥
4
(v) Points of maximum/minimum :
Þ A= ò (4 - x )
0
4 - (4 - x ) dx
dy
8y = 8 x - 3x 2
dx [using property – 4]
4
dy
= 0 Þ x = 0, 8
dx 3 ò
Þ A = ( 4 - x ) x dx
0
At x = 0, derivative is not defined.

4 4
é2 ù é2 ù
2
d y 8 Þ A = 4 ê x x ú - ê x2 xú
By checking for 2
, x = is a point of local maximum ë3 û0 ë 5 û0
dx 3
(above X–axis). 128
Þ A= sq. units.
15

Definite Integration by methods of Indefinite Integration
p /2
dq
6. If ò = kp , then the value of k is :
0 9sin q + 4 cos 2q
2
x2
ò0 sec 2 t dt
1. The value of lim is
x®0 x sin x 1 1
(a) (b)
16 12
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) 3 1 1
(c) (d)
8 3
d æ e sin x ö 4 3 sin x3
2. Let F( x ) = çç ÷, x > 0. If
÷ ò e
dx è x ø 1 x ¥
dx
7. The value of ò0 1+ x
3 is:
dx = F (k) – F(1), then one of the possible values of k is
(a) 16 (b) 63 1 1
(a) (b)
3 2
(c) 64 (d) 15
(c) 0 (d) ¥
x dt p
3. The solution for x of the equation ò = is
2
t t -1 12
2
a/2
a dx
8. ò equals to
0
( x - a) ( x - 2a )
3
(a) (b) 2 2
2
2 3
(a) ln (b) ln
(c) 2 (d) p 3 2
1
(c) ln 6 (d) none
2
The integral ln(1 + 2 x)
4.
ò0 dx, equals: p
1 + 4 x2 é 2 æ 3p x ö æ 11p x ö ù
ò êëcos ç - ÷ - cos 2 ç + ÷ ú dx equals
9.
è 8 4 ø è 8 4 øû k .
0
p p Then the value of k is.

(a) ln 2 (b) ln 2
4 8
p /2
5 æ xö
(c)
p
ln 2 (d)
p
ln 2
10. ò cos
0
ç ÷ . sin x dx is equal to
è2ø
16 32
2æ 1 ö -4 æ 1 ö
x et (a) ç1 - ÷ (b) ç1 - ÷
5. Let function F be defined as F(x) = ò1 dt, x > 0 then the 7è 8 2ø 7 è 8 2ø
t
et 4æ 1 ö
x
dt, where a > 0, is: (c) ç1 - ÷ (d) None of these
value of the integral ò1 7è 8 2ø
t+a
(a) ea[F(x) - F(1 + a)] (b) e-a[F(x + a) - F(a)] p /4

tan x
a
(c) e [F(x + a) - F(1 + a)] -a
(d) e [F(x + a) - F(1 + a)] 11. ò dx equals to
0
sin x cos x
1/ 2 p
p x x
12. For 0 < x < , ò cot x d cos x equals to 18. The integral ò 1 + 4 sin 2 - 4 sin dx equals :
2 1/ 2 0
2 2
3- 2 2- 3 p
(a) (b) (a) 4 3 - 4 - (b) p–4
2 2 3
1- 3
(c) (d) none 2p
2 (c) -4-4 3 (d) 4 3 - 4
3
(p / 2)1/ 3
3
13. ò 3x5.sin x3dx equals to
0
19. If f ( x) = x + x - 1 + x - 2 , x Î R then ò f ( x) dx
0
p /4
x.sin x equals to
14. ò dx equal to
0 cos3 x (a) 9 / 2 (b) 15 / 2
(c) 19 / 2 (d) none

p 1 p 1
(a) + (b) -
4 2 4 2
1.5
2
20. ò x [x ] dx = 3/k , where denotes greatest integer
p
(c) (d) none 0
4
function. Then the value of k is.
1
n
15. The value of the integral I = ò x 1 - x dx is: 21. Let y = {x}[ x ] where {x} denotes the fractional part of
0
3
1 1 1 x & x denotes greatest integer £ x then ò y dx =
(a) (b) -
n+2 n +1 n + 2 0
(a) 5 / 6 (b) 2 / 3
1 1 1
(c) + (d)
n +1 n + 2 n +1 (c) 1 (d) 11 / 6
1 1 p
16. If ò cot -1 1 - x + x 2 dx = K . ò tan -1 xdx , then K equals to 22. ò 1 + 2 cos x dx equals to
0 0 0
Splitting the integral for Mod, Gint etc

2p
(a) (b) p
3
2
17. ò [ x 2 ] dx where [ . ] is GIF is :
0
p
(c) 2 (d) +2 3
3
(a) 2 - 2 (b) 2 + 2
Use of King's rule: x-->(a+b-x)
(c) 2 -1 (d) 2 -2
p /2
dx p
23. If the value of ò 1 + tan 3
is . Then the value of k is
0 x k
p p /4
x 7 - 3 x5 + 7 x 3 - x + 1
24. ò x f sin x dx is equal to : 30. If f ( x) = then, ò f ( x ) dx equals
0 cos 2 x -p / 4
to
p p
(a) p ò x f cos x dx (b) p òf sin x dx 1
1 + sin x
0 0 31. The value of ò 2
dx is :
-1 1 + x
p p
p
f sin x dx (d) p òf cos x dx
2 ò0
(c) p
p
0 (a) (b) -
4 4
6
x p p
25. The value of the integral, 2 ò dx is : (c) (d) -
3 9- x + x 2 2
26. If f x and f x are continuous functions on the Property on Periodic Functions
interval 0, 4 satisfying 32. Let f ( x ) = x - [ x ] , for every real number x , where [ x] is
f (x) = f (4 - x), f (x) + f (4 - x) = 3 1
the integral part of x . Then òf

-1
x dx is:
4 4
and òf
0
x dx = 2, then
òf x f x dx =
(a) 1 (b) 2
0
p 1
4 4 (c) 0 (d)
27. The value of the integral ò x sin x cos x dx is 2
0
100p
2 2 33. ò 1 - cos 2x dx is equal to

3p 3p
(a) (b) 0
64 128
(a) 100 2 (b) 50 2
3p 2
256 (c) 200 2 (d) 400 2
log 3 10 p
28. The value of the integral ò log x + 1 + x 2 dx is 34. ò sin x dx is equal to
log 1/3 p
(a) log 3 (b) 2 log 3 (a) 18 (b) 20
(c) 0 (d) None (c) 40 (d) None
Property on Even/odd function for limit -a to a 100

35. ò x - x dx is equal to
0
-p / 2
29. ò [(x + p) 3 + cos 2 ( x + 3p)] dx is equal to
-3p / 2 10
x- x
36. . denotes GIF) is equal to
4 4
òe dx
p p p 0
(a) (b) +
32 32 2
e -1
(a) 10(e - 1) (b)
p p 10
(c) (d) -1
2 2
e10 -1 e10 - 1
(c) (d)
10 e -1
Properties of Definite Integrals 3

æ -1 x x2 +1 ö
43. ò ç tan 2
+ tan -1 ÷ dx equals to
-1 è x +1 x ø
p 2x(1 + sin x)
37. ò dx is
-p 1 + cos 2 x (a) 2p (b) p
(a) p2/4 (b) p2 (c) 4p (d) none
(c) 5/4 (d) –3/4
Differentiation of functions by definite integrals: Leibnitz Rule
a
38. The value of ò [x] f ´ (x) dx, a > 1, where [x] denotes the
1 x
greatest integer not exceeding x, is 44. If f x = ò t sin t dt , then f ' x is

0
(a) a f (a) –{ f (1) + f (2) + ... + f ([a])}
(b) [a] f (a) – { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f ([a])} (a) cos x + x sin x (b) x cos x + sin x
(c) [a] f ([a]) – { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f (a)} (c) x cos x (d) x sin x
(d) af ([a]) – { f (1) + f (2) + ... + f (a)} x3

dt
39. If [ ] denotes the greatest integer function, then the integral 45. If f x = ò , then f " x is equal to
1
1+ t 4
p
ò0 cos x dx is equal to:
6 x 1 - 5 x12 6 x 1 + 5 x12
p (a) 2 (b) 2
(a) (b) 0 1 + x12 1 + x12
2
p 6 x 1 - 5 x12
(c) -1 (d) - (c) - (d) none of these
2 2
1 + x12
-4 -4
40. If ò f ( x) dx = 4 and ò (3 - f ( x)) dx = 7 then the value 46. If the variables x and y are connected by the relation
-1 2
y
dz 2
1 x=ò , then d y is proportional to
1 + 6 z3 dx 2
of ò f (- x) dx is 1
-2
(a) y (b) y 2
n +1
Suppose for every integer n, f ( x) dx = n 2 . The value (c) y 3 (d) none of these
41. ò
n
x2
1
4 47. lim 3 ò sin t dt is equal to
x ® 0+ x
of ò f ( x) dx is
-2
0
1 2
p
x (a) (b)
dx is equal to 3 3
42. ò
0 a 2 cos 2 x + b 2 sin 2 x
1 2
(c) - (d) -
3 3
p2 p2
(a) (b)
ab 2ab
x2
2
p 2
ò tan -1 t dt
(c) (d) none of these 48. lim 0
is equal to 1/ k . Then the value of k
4ab x ®0 x4
ò sin t dt
0
is.
Finding summation of infinite series using definite Integration Estimation/Approximation of Definite Integrals
é1 1 2 4 1 ù 1 sin x 1 cos x
49. lim ê 2 sec 2 2 + 2 sec 2 2 + ... + sec 2 1ú equals 54. Let I = ò dx and J = ò dx. Then which one
n ®¥
ën n n n n û 0
x 0
x
of the following is true ?

1 1
(a) cos ec 1 (b) sec 1
2 2
2
(a) I > and J < 2 (b) I > 2 and J > 2
3 3
1
(c) tan 1 (d) tan 1
2
2 2
(c) I < and J < 2 (d) I < and J > 2
é1 n 2
n 2
1ù 3 3
50. lim ê + 3
+ 3
+ ..... + ú is equal to
n ®¥ n 8n úû
êë n +1 n+2
2 2
55. I1 = ò e x dx and I 2 = ò log e x dx. Then
1 1
3 1
(a) (b)
8 4 (a) I1 > I2 (b) I1 <I2
1
(c) (d) none of these (c) I1 =I2 (d) None of these
8
51. The value of the 2 ex
56. I =ò dx. Then
1 x
é ù
1 1 1 1
lim ê + + + ....... + ú
n ®¥ ê 2 2 2 2 2 ú is
ë
n n -1 n -2 n2 - n - 1 û e2
(a) I < e (b) I >
2
p p
(a) (b)
4 3 e2
(c) e < I < (d) None of these
2
p
2 p /4 p /4
57. I1 = ò tan 3 x dx and I 2 = ò tan 5 x dx
0 0
é1 1 1 1 ù
52. If Sn = ê + + + ... + ú
ë 2n
2 2 2
4n - 1 4n - 4 3n + 2n - 1 û p /4 p /4
I3 = ò tan1/2 x dx I 4 = ò tan1/3 x dx then
0 0
then lim
n ®¥
S n is equal to
(a) I1 < I2 (b) I1 > I3
p p
(a) (b)
4 6 (c) I3 > I4 (d) I1 > I 2
p p
(c) (d) 2 2
3 2 58. ò0 1 + 2- x dx =
n r
1
53. lim å e n is : 17
r =1 n
n ®¥
(a) 4 (b)
2
(a) e (b) e - 1
(c) 2 (d) None of these
(c) 1 - e (d) e + 1
Reduction Method 64. The area of the region bounded by the curve
y = x - x 2 , x - axis between x = 0 and x = 1 is :
p /4
n
59. If I n = ò tan q dq , where n is a positive integer, then
0
1 1
(a) (b)
6 3
n I n -1 + I n +1 is equal to
1 5
(c) (d)
(a) 1 (b) n - 1 2 6
1
(c) (d) none of these 65. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = 1 - cos x
n -1
between x = 0 and x = p is :
p /2
n
60. If an = ò cot xdx, then a 2 + a 4 , a 3 + a 5 , a 4 + a 6 are in 2
p /4
(a) (b) 2 2
2
(a) G.P. (b) A.P.
(c) 2 (d) 2
(c) H.P. (d) None
66. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = x sin x
p /4
61. Let I n = ò tan n x dx , between x = 0 and x = 2 p is :
0
(a) p (b) 2p
1 1 1 (c) 3p (d) 4p
then , , , .... are in
I 2 + I 4 I 3 + I5 I 4 + I 6
67. Area of the region bounded by the curve y 2 = 4 x, y -
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. axis and the line y = 3 is :
(c) H.P. (d) none
9
(a) 2 (b)
p
sin (2 k x ) 4
62. The value of the integral ò dx , when k Î I , is
0 sin x
9 9
(c) (d)
3 2
p
(a) (b) p 68. The area enclosed between the curve y = loge (x + e) and
2
the coordinate axes is
(a) 2 (b) 1
Bounded between the curve and X-axis orY-Axis when limits are given (c) 4 (d) 3
Bounded between two curves when limits are given

63. Area bounded by the curve y = x 3 , the x - axis and the
ordinates x = -2 and x = 1 is : 69. The area between the curves y = tan x, y = cot x and
15 x - axis in the interval 0, p / 2 is log k . Then the value

(a) -9 (b) -
4 of k is.
70. If 0 £ x £ p ; then the area bounded by the curve y = x
15 17
(c) (d)
4 4 and y = x + sin x is –
Bounded between two curves when limits are also to be found 77. Let A = {(x, y) : y2 < 4x, y - 2x > - 4}. The area (in square
units) of the region A is
71. The area bounded by the curves y = ln x, y = ln |x|, (a) 8 (b) 9
y = |ln x| and y = |ln| x || is
(c) 10 (d) 11
(a) 4 sq. units (b) 6 sq. units
78. The area of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 exterior to the parabola
(c) 10 sq. units (d) none of these
y 2 = 6 x is :
72. The area of the region bounded by the curves y = |x–1| and
y = 3 – |x| is
4 4
(a) 4p - 3 (b) 4p + 3
(a) 3 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units 3 3
(c) 6 sq. units (d) 2 sq. units
4 4
73. The area enclosed between the curves y2 = x and y = |x| is (c) 8p - 3 (d) 8p + 3
3 3
1 1 79. The area between the curves y = cos x and the line
(a) (b)
6 3 y = x + 1 in the second quadrant is –
(a) 1 (b) 2
2
(c) (d) (c) 3 / 2 (d) 1/ 2
3
80. The area bounded by the curves y = sin x, y = cos x and
y y - axis in first quadrant is –
74. The area bounded between the parabolas x2 = and
4
(a) 2 -1 (b) 2
x2 = 9y and the straight line y = 2 is.
(c) 2 +1 (d) None of these
10 2
(a) 20 2 (b) log x
3 81. The area bounded by curve y = ex log x and y = is –
ex
20 2
(c) (d) 10 2 e2 - 5 e2 + 5
3 (a) (b)
4e 4e
75. The area (in square units) bounded by the curves
e2 5
(c) - (d) None of these
y = x , 2 y - x + 3 = 0, x-axis and lying in the first quadrant 4 e
is 82. The area bounded by y = x2 – 4 and x + y = 2 is
(a) 9 (b) 6 75 100

(a) (b)
6 6
27
(c) 18 (d)
4 125 150
(c) (d)
76. The area of the region described by 6 6
83. The area bounded by the curves : y2 = 4a(x + a) and y2 = 4b
A = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 £ 1 and y2 £ 1 – x} is
k
(b – x) is ( a + b) 4ab . Then the value of k is.
p 2 p 4 3
(a) + (b) +
2 3 2 3
84. If the area of the region {(x, y) : x2 £ y £ |x|} is 1/k sq. units,
then the value of k is
p 4 p 2
(c) - (d) -
2 3 2 3
Use of standard results Determining the unknown parameter for given condition of area
85. Smaller area enclosed by the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 and the 87. If the area enclosed between the parabolas y2 = 4ax and x2 =
line x + y = 2 is : 16
4by is , then value of ab is
3
(a) 2(p - 2) (b) p - 2
x2 y2
(c) 2p - 1 (d) 2(p + 2) 88. AOB is the positive quadrant of ellipse + = 1; where
a2 b2
86. If the line y = mx bisects the area enclosed by the lines x = 0, OA = a, OB = b. Area between arc AB and chord AB of
3 p–p
y = 0, x = and the curve y = 1 + 4x – x2, and the value of m ellipse is ab , then p + q equals
2 q
is equal to 13/k. then the value of k is
89. If the area bounded by the parabola x2 = 4y, the x-axis and
the line x = 4 is divided into two equal areas by the line x = a,
and the value of a is (32)1/k, then the value of k is
90. The value of m for which the area included between the curves
a2
y2 = 4ax and y = mx equals is
3

1. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by 6. The area (in sq. units) of the region (2016)
{(x, y) : y2 < 2x and y > 4x – 1} is: (2015) (x, y) : y 2 ³ 2x and x 2 + y 2 £ 4x,x ³ 0, y ³ 0
15 9 is :
(a) (b)
64 32
8 4 2
(a) p - (b) p -
7 5 3 3
(c) (d)
32 64
p 2 2 4
2. The integral (c) - (d) p -
2 3 3
4
log x 2 7.
1 1
If 2 ò tan -1 x dx = ò cot -1 1 - x + x 2 dx, then
ò2 log x2 + log(36 - 12 x + x2 ) dx is equal to: (2015) 0 0
1
-1
(a) 1 (b) 6 ò0 tan 1 - x + x 2 dx is equal to :
(c) 2 (d) 4 (2016/Online Set–1)

3. The area (in square units) of the region bounded by the
p
curves y + 2x2 = 0 and y + 3x2 = 1, is equal to : (a) log 4 (b) + log 2
2
p
1 3 (c) log 2 (d) - log 4
(a) (b) 2
3 4
8. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by
3 4 A ={(x, y)|y > x2 – 5x + 4, x + y > 1, y < 0} is:

(c) (d) (2016/Online Set–1)
5 3
7 19
cos 2 x (a) (b)
4. The value of ò-p
p
dx, a > 0 is 2 6
1+ ax
13 17
(2015/Online Set–2) (c) (d)
6 6
(a) p (b) a p
9. The value of the integral
(c) p /2 (d) 2 p
10
5. The area of the plane region bounded by the curves [ x 2 ] dx
ò4 [ x2 - 28x + 196] + [ x2 ] , where [x] denotes the greatest
x + 2y2 = 0 and x + 3y2 = 1 is equal to
(2015/Online Set–2) integer less than or equal to x, is :
4 5 (a) 6 (b) 3
(a) (b)
3 3
1
(c) 7 (d)
1 2 3
(c) (d)
3 3
10. For x Î R, x ¹ 0, if y(x) is a differentiable function such 15. The area (in sq. units) of the smaller portion enclosed
between the curves, x2 + y2 = 4 and y2 = 3x, is :
x x
that x ò y (t ) dt = ( x + 1) ò t y (t ) dt , then y(x) equals : (2017/Online Set–1)

1 1
1 p 1 2p
(where C is a constant.) (2016/Online Set–2) (a) + (b) +
2 3 3 3 3
1 1
C - C -
x
(a) e x
(b) e
x x2 1 2p 1 4p
(c) + (d) +
2 3 3 3 3
1 1
C -
x
(c) e (d) Cx 3 e x
x3 p
The value of 2 sin 2 x

16.
ò x
dx is: (2018)
3p
p 1+ 2
4 -
dx 2
11. The integral ò is equal to: (2017)
p 1 + cos x
4
p p
(a) (b)
(a) – 2 (b) 2 4 8
(c) 4 (d) –1
p
p
(c) (d) 4p
2
4
8cos 2x
12. The integral ò 3
dx equals :
p tan x + cot x 17. Let g x = cos x 2 , f x = x , and a,b a < b be the
12
roots of the quadratic equation 18x 2 - 9px + p2 = 0 .

Then the area (in sq. units) bounded by the curve
15 15
(a) (b) y = gof x and the lines x = a, x = b and y = 0, is :
128 64
(2018)
13 13
(c) (d) 1 1
32 256 (a) 2 -1 (b) 3 -1
2 2
2 dx k
13. If ò1 3
= , then k is equal to: 1 1
k +5 (c) 3 +1 (d) 3- 2
(x 2 - 2x + 4) 2
2 2
(2017/Online Set–2) 18. The value of the integral

(a) 1 (b) 2
π
(c) 3 (d) 4 2
æ
4 æ 2 + sin x ö ö
14. The area (in sq. units) of the region ò sin
π
x ç1 + log ç
è
÷ ÷ dx is
è 2 - sin x ø ø
-
2
2
{(x, y) : x > 0, x + y < 3, x < 4y and y < 1 + x } is:
(2017) (2018/Online Set–1)
59 2 3
(a) (b) (a) 0 (b)
12 3 4
7 5 3 3
(c) (d) (c) p (d) p
3 2 8 16
19. The area (in sq. units) of the region 23. If the area of the region bounded by the curves,
x Î R : x ³ 0, y ³ 0, y ³ x - 2 and y £ x is : 1
y = x2, y = and the lines y = 0 and x = t t > 1 is 1 sq.
x
(2018/Online Set–1) unit, then t is equal to : (2018/Online Set–3)
13 8 3
4
(a) (b) (a) e 2 (b)
3 3 3
10 5 3 2
(c) (d) (c) (d) e 3
3 3 2
3p
24. The area (in sq. units) of the region
4
x
20. The value of integral ò dx is : A= x, y Î R ´ R | 0 £ x £ 3, 0 £ y £ 4, y £ x 2 + 3 x is
p 1 + sin x
4 (8-04-2019/Shift-1)
(2018/Online Set–2) 53
(a) (b) 8
6
(a) p 2 (b) p 2 -1
59 26
p (c) (d)
(c) 2 +1 (d) 2p 2 -1 6 3
2
2 - x cos x
1 25. If f x = and g x = log e x, x > 0 then the
-x 2 2 + x cos x
21. If I1 = ò e cos x dx,
0
p
4
1
-x 2
value of the integral òp g f x dx is:
I2 = ò e cos 2 x dx and -
4
0
(8-04-2019/Shift-1)
1
-x3
I3 = ò e dx ; then: (2018/Online Set–2) (a) log e 3 (b) log e e
0
(c) log e 2 (d) log e 1
(a) I 2 > I3 > I1 (b) I 2 > I1 > I3
x
(c) I3 > I 2 > I1 (d) I3 > I1 > I 2 26. Let f x = ò g t dt , where g is a non-zero even function.
0
x
x
22. If f x = ò t sin x - sin t dt then:
0
If f x + 5 = g x , then òf
0
t dt equals :
(a) f ¢¢¢ x + f ¢¢ x = sin x

(8-04-2019/Shift-2)
(b) f ¢¢¢ x + f ¢¢ x - f ¢ x = cos x 5 x +5
(a) ò
x+5
g t dt (b) ò
5
g t dt
(c) f ¢¢¢ x + f ¢ x = cos x - 2 x sinx
x+5 x +5
(d) f ¢¢¢ x - f ¢¢ x = cos x - 2 x sinx (c) 2 ò g t dt (d) 5 ò g t dt
5 5
27. Let S(a) = {(x, y): y2 £ x, 0 £ x £ a} and A(a) is area of the 2p
region S(a). If for a l, 0 < l < 4, A(l) : A(4) = 2:5, then l 32. The value of ò éësin 2 x 1 + cos 3x ùûdx , where [ ] denotes
equals : (8-04-2019/Shift-2) 0
the greatest integer function, is: (10-04-2019/Shift-1)

1 1
æ 4 ö3 æ 2 ö3 (a) p (b) -p
(a) 2 ç ÷ (b) 2 ç ÷
è5ø è5ø (c) -2p (d) 2p
1 1
æ n + 1 1/3 n+2
1/3 1/3
2n ö
æ 2 ö3 æ 4 ö3 33. lim ç + + .... + ÷ is equal to:
(c) 4 ç ÷ (d) 4ç ÷ 4/3
è5ø è 25 ø
n ®¥ ç
è n n 4/3 n4/3 ÷ø
28. The area (in sq. units) of the region (10-04-2019/Shift-1)
A = ( x , y ) : x 2 £ y £ x + 2 is: (09-04-2019/Shift-1)
3 4/ 3 3 4 4/3
10 9 (a) 2 - (b) 2
(a) (b) 4 4 3
3 2
3 4/3 4 4 3/ 4
31 13 (c) 2 - (d) 2
(c) (d) 2 3 3
6 6
34. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curves
1
29. The value of the integral ò x cot

-1 2
1- x + x 4
dx is : y = 2 x and y = x + 1 , in the first quadrant is:
0
(10-4-2019/Shift-2)
(9-04-2019/Shift-2)
3 3
(a) ln 2 + (b)
p 1 p 2 2
(a) - log e 2 (b) - log e 2
2 2 4
1 3 1
(c) (d) -
p p 1 2 2 ln 2
(c) - log e 2 (d) - log e 2
2 4 2
p 2 4
3
30. If f : R ® R is a differentiable function and 35. The integral òp sec 3 x cosec 3 x dx is equal to:
6
f x
2t dt (10-4-2019/Shift-2)
f 2 = 6, then lim ò is : (9-04-2019/Shift-2)
x®2
6 x-2
5 2 4 1
(a) 36 - 3 3 (b) 33 - 33
(a) 24 f ' 2 (b) 2 f ' 2
7 5 5 1
(c) 0 (d) 12 f ' 2 (c) 3 6 - 3 6 (d) 33 - 3 3
31. The area (in sq. units) of the region 36. If the area (in sq. units) of the region
( x, y ) : y 2 £ 4 x, x + y £ 1, x ³ 0, y ³ 0 is a 2 + b ,
ì y2 ü
A = í x, y : £ x £ y + 4 ý is:
î 2 þ then a – b is equal to : (12-04-2019/Shift-1)
(9-04-2019/Shift-2) 10
(a) (b) 6
3
53
(a) (b) 30
3 8 2
(c) (d) -
3 3
(c) 16 (d) 18
p 42. The area of the region

cot x
37. If ò 2
dx = m(p + n) , then m. n is equal to
0 cot x + cosecx A = {( x, y ) : 0 £ y £ x | x | +1 and - 1 £ x £ 1} in sq. units
(12-04-2019/Shift-1) is: (9-01-2019/Shift-2)
1 2
(a) - (b) 1 (a) (b) 2
2 3
1 4 1
(c) (d) –1 (c) (d)
2 3 3
38. Let f : R ® R be a continuously differentiable function p /3

tan q 1
43. If ò dq = 1 - , k > 0 then the value of k
1 0 2k sec q 2
such that f (2) = 6 and f ¢ 2 = .
48 is: (9-01-2019/Shift-2)
f x
4t 3dt = x - 2 g x , then lim g x is equal to 1
If ò6 x ®2 (a) 4 (b)
2
(12-04-2019/Shift-1)
(c) 1 (d) 2
39. A value of a such that
b
a +1
44. Let I = ò x 4 - 2 x 2 dx . If I is minimum then the ordered
a
dx æ9ö
ò = log e ç ÷ is _____. pair (a, b) is: (10-1-2019/Shift-1)
a x +a x +a +1 è8ø
(12-04-2019/Shift-2) (a) 0, 2 (b) - 2, 0
1 2, - 2
(a) – 2 (b) (c) (d) - 2, 2
2
45. If the area enclosed between the curves y = kx 2 and
1
(c) - (d) 2
2 x = ky 2 . k > 0 , is 1 square unit. Then k is:
40. If the area (in sq. units) bounded by the parabola (10-1-2019/Shift-1)
1
y 2 = 4l x and the line y = l x, l > 0 is then l is 3 1
9 (a) (b)
2 3
equal to ______. (12-04-2019/Shift-2)
(a) 2 6 (b) 48 2
(c) 3 (d)
3
(c) 24 (d) 4 3
x 1
p 46. If ò f t dt = x 2 + ò t 2 f t dt , then f ¢ 1/ 2 is:
41. The value of | cos x |3 dx is: (9-01-2019/Shift-1)
ò 0
0 x
(10-01-2019/Shift-2)
4 24 18
(a) 0 (b) (a) (b)
3 25 25
2 -4 4 6
(c) (d) (c) (d)
3 3 5 25
51. The area (in sq. units) in the first quadrant bounded by
p /2
dx the parabola, y = x2 + 1, the tangent to it at the point (2, 5)
47. The value of ò
- p /2 x + sin x + 4 , where [t] denotes the and the coordinate axes is : (11-01-2019/Shift-2)
greatest integer less than or equal to t, is: 8 37

(a) (b)
(10-01-2019/Shift-2) 3 24
1 1 187 14
(a) (7p + 5) (b) (7p - 5) (c) (d)
12 12 24 3
52. The maximum area (in sq. units) of a rectangle having its
3 3 base on the X-axis and its other two vertices on the
(c) (4p - 3) (d) (4p - 3)
20 10 parabola, y = 12- x2 such that the rectangle lies inside the
parabola, is ______. (12-01-2019/Shift-1)
48. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curve
(a) 36 (b) 20 2
x 2 = 4 y and the straight line x = 4 y - 2 is
(c) 32 (d) 18 3
(11-01-2019/Shift-1)
53. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the
9 parabola, y = x2 + 2 and the lines, y = x + 1, x = 0 and
5
(a) (b) x = 3, is : (12-01-2019/Shift-1)
4 8
15 21
(a) (b)
7 3 4 2
(c) (d)
8 4
17 15
(c) (d)
4 2
2
sin 2 x
49. The value of the integral ò x 1 dx (where [x] 54. Let f and g be continuous functions on [0, a] such that
-2 é ù +
êë p úû 2 f x = f a - x and g x + g a - x = 4 then
a
denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x) is :
òf x g x dx is equal to (12-01-2019/Shift-1)
(11-01-2019/Shift-1) 0
(a) 0 (b) sin 4 a a

(a) 4 ò 0 f ( x ) dx (b) ò 0
f ( x ) dx
(c) 4 (d) 4 –sin 4
a a
(c) 2 ò 0 f ( x )dx (d) -3ò 0 f ( x )dx
p /4 dx
50. The integral òp equals :
/6
sin 2 x tan 5 x + cot 5 x 2x x
e
ïìæ x ö æ e ö ïü
55. The integral ò1 ïè e ø è x ø ýï log e xdx is equal to
íç ÷ - ç ÷
(11-01-2019/Shift-2) î þ
(12-01-2019/Shift-2)
1 æ 1 ö 1 æp -1 æ 1 ö ö
(a) tan -1 ç ÷ (b) 10 ç 4 - tan ç ÷÷
20 è9 3ø è è 9 3 øø 1 1 1 1 1
(a) -e- 2 (b) - + - 2
2 e 2 e 2e
π 1æp -1 æ 1 ö ö 3 1 1 3 1
(c) (d) 5 ç 4 - tan ç ÷÷ (c) - - (d) -e- 2
40 è è 3 3 øø 2 e 2e 2 2 2e

æ n n n 1 ö
56. lim ç + 2 + 2 2 + ... + ÷ is equal to
n ®¥ n 2 + 12 2
n + 2 n +3 5n ø
è ì 2 1 ü
í( x, y ) : 0 £ y £ x + 1, 0 £ y £ x + 1, £ x £ 2 ý is
(12-01-2019/Shift-2) î 2 þ
(3-09-2020/Shift-1)
p
(a) (b) tan -1 3
4 23 79
(a (b)
16 16
p
(c) (d) tan -1 2
2 23 79
(c) (d)
6 24
|x| |y|
57. Area (in sq. units) of the region outside + =1
2 3 1/ 2 x2 k
63. If the value of the integral ò (1 - x 2 )3/ 2
dx is , then
x 2 y2 6
0
and inside the ellipse + = 1 is :

4 9 k is equal to : (3-09-2020/Shift-2)
(2-9-2020/Shift-1)
(a) 2 3 + p (b) 3 2 + p
(a) 3(p - 2) (b) 6(p - 2)
(c) 3 2 - p (d) 2 3 - p
(c) 6(4 - p ) (d) 3(4 - p )
x
2 64. Let f ( x) =
ò (1 + x)2 dx( x ³ 0) Then f (3) – f (1) is equal
58. The integral
ò0 || x -1 | - x | dx is equal to : to : (4-09-2020/Shift-1)
(2-9-2020/Shift-1) π 1 3 π 1 3
(a) - + + (b) + -
6 2 4 6 2 4
59. Consider a region R = {( x, y ) Î R 2 : x 2 £ y £ 2 x}. If a line
y = a divides the area of region R into two equal parts,
π 1 3 π 1 3
then which of the following is true ? (c) - + + (d) + -
12 2 4 12 2 4
(2-09-2020/Shift-2)
65. Let f (x) = |x – 2| and g (x) = f (f (x)), x Î [0, 4]. Then
(a) a 3 - 6a 2 + 16 = 0 (b) 3a 2 - 8a 3/ 2 + 8 = 0
3
(c) a 3 - 6a 3/ 2 - 16 (d) 3a 2 - 8a + 8 = 0 ò0 ( g ( x) - f ( x))dx is equal to : (4-09-2020/Shift-1)
60. Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to t.
1
2 (a) (b) 0
Then the value of ò | 2 x - [3x ] | dx is …………… . 2
1
(2-09-2020/Shift-2) 3
(c) 1 (d)
p 2
61. ò p | p - | x || dx is equal to :
-
(03-09-2020/Shift-1)
66. Let f be a twice differentiable function on (1, 6). If
f (2) = 8, f' (2) = 5, f' ( x) ³ 1 and f ''(x) ³ 4 for all
p2
(a) p 2 (b)
2 x Î (1, 6) x Î (1, 6) then : (04-09-2020/Shift-1)
(c) 2p 2 (d) 2p 2 (a) f (5) + f' (5) ³ 28 (b) f '(5) + f ''(5) £ 20
(c) f (5) £ 10 (d) f (5) + f' (5) £ 26

67. The integral 71. The area (in sq. units) of the region
p /3 A= x , y :| x | + | y |£ 1, 2 y 2 ³| x | (6-09-2020/Shift-1)
ò tan 3 x.sin 2 3 x (2 sec2 x.sin 2 3 x + 3 tan x.sin 6 x) dx
p /6
1 5
is equal to: (4-9-2020/Shift-2) (a) (b)
6 6
9 1
(a) (b) -
2 18 1 7
(c) (d)
3 6
1 7
(c) - (d) 1 100 1 101
9 18 72. If I1 = ò0 1 - x
50
dx and I 2 = ò 1 - x 50 dx such
0
68. Let {x} and [x] denote the fractional part of x and the
that I 2 = a I1 then a equal to : (6-09-2020/Shift-1)
greatest integer £ x respectively of real number x. If
n n 5050 5050
(a) (b)
ò {x} dx, ò [ x] dx and 10(n2 – n), n Î N , n > 1 are three
0 0
5049 5051
consecutive terms of a G.P., then n is equal to ..............

5051 5049
(c) (d)
(4-9-2020/Shift-2) 5050 5050
p 2
x x
2 1 73. The integral ò e .x 2 + log e x dx equal :
ò dx 1
69. The value of -p 1 + esin x is: (5-09-2020/Shift-1)
2
(6-09-2020/Shift-2)
(a) e(4e - 1) (b) e(4e + 1)

p p
(a) (b) (c) 4e2 - 1 (d) e(2e - 1)
2 4
74. The area (in sq. units) of the region enclosed by the curves
3p
(c) p (d) y = x 2 - 1 and y = 1 - x 2 is equal to :
2
(6-09-2020/Shift-2)
A = {(x, y) : (x - 1)[x] £ y £ 2 x , 0 £ x £ 2} w h e r e [ t ] 4 7
(a) (b)
3 2
denotes the greatest integer function, is:
(5-09-2020/Shift-2)
16 8
(c) (d)
4 1 8 1 3 3
(a) 2- (b) 2-
3 2 3 2
8 4
(c) 2 -1 (d) 2 +1
3 3

75. The area of the region, enclosed by the circle x 2 + y 2 = 2
which is not common to the region bounded by the x, y Î R | 4 x 2 £ y £ 8 x + 12 is:
parabola y 2 = x and the straight line y = x (07-01-2020/Shift-2)
(7-01-2020/Shift-1) 125 128
(a) (b)
3 3
1 1
(a) (12p - 1) (b) (6p - 1)
3 3
124 127
(c) (d)
3 3
1 1
(c) (12p - 1) (d) (24p - 1)
6 6 80. For a > 0, let the curves C1 : y 2 = ax and C 2 : x 2 = ay
76. If f(a+b+1–x) = f(x) "x where a and b are fixed positive intersect at origin O and a point P. let the line
real numbers, then x = b(0 < b < a) intersect the chord OP and the x-axis at
points Q and R, respectively. If the line x = b bisects the
1 b area bounded by the curves, C1 and C2, and the area of
ò x ( f ( x) + f x + 1 dx is equal to
a+b a
1
DOQR = , then ‘a’ satisfies the equation:
2
(7-01-2020/Shift-1)
(8-01-2020/Shift-1)
b-a b +1
6 3
(a) x – 12x + 4 = 0 (b) x – 12x3 – 4 = 0
6
(a) ò f x dx (b) ò f x + 1 dx
a -1 a +1 (c) x6 + 6x3 – 4 = 0 (d) x6 – 6x3 + 4 = 0
b -1 b +1 2 dx
81. If I = ò , then:
(c) ò f x + 1 dx (d) ò f x dx 1
2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4
3
a -1 a +1
(8-01-2020/Shift-2)
2 -a x
77. The value of a for which 4a ò-1 e dx = 5 , is:
1 1 1 1
(a) < I2 < (b) < I2 <
(07-01-2020/Shift-2) 6 2 8 4
(a) log e 2 (b) log e 2 1 1 1 1

(c) < I2 < (d) < I2 <
9 8 16 9
æ4ö æ3ö 82. The area (in sq. units) of the region
(c) log e ç ÷ (d) log e ç ÷
è3ø è2ø
( x, y ) Î R 2 : x 2 £ y £ 3 - 2 x , is:
78. If q1 and q 2 be respectively the smallest and the largest (8-01-2020/Shift-2)
values of q in éë 0, 2p - p which satisfy the equation, 31 32

(a) (b)
3 3
5 q2
2 cot 2 q - + 4 = 0 then òq cos 2 3q dq is equal to
sin q 1 29 34
(c) (d)
3 3
(07-01-2020/Shift-2)
2p
2p p x sin 8 x
(a) (b) 83. The value of ò sin 8 x + cos 8 x
dx is equal to:
3 3 0
(9-01-2020/Shift-1)
p
1 p
(c) + (d) (a) 2p (b) 4p
3 6 9
2
(c) 2p (d) p2
84. If for all real triplets (a,b,c), 85. Given:

1
f x = a + bx + cx 2 then òf x dx is equal to: ì 1

0 ï x, 0 £ x < 2
ï
(9-01-2020/Shift-1) ï 1 1
f x =í , x=
ï 2 2
æ æ 1 öö ï 1
(a) 2 ç 3 f (1) + 2 f ç ÷ ÷ ï1 - x, 2 < x £ 1
è è 2 øø î
1æ æ 1 öö 2
(b) ç f (0) + f ç ÷ ÷ æ 1ö
3è è 2 øø and g ( x ) = ç x - ÷ , x Î R .Then the area (in sq. units)
è 2ø
1æ æ 1 öö of the region bounded by the curves y = f ( x )

(c) ç f (1) + 3 f ç ÷÷
2è è 2 øø
and y = g ( x ) between the lines 2 x = 1 to 2 x = 3 is
1æ æ 1 öö (9-1-2020/Shift-2)
(d) ç f (0) + f (1) + 4 f ç ÷÷
6è è 2 øø
3 1 1 3
(a) - (b) +
4 3 3 4
1 3 1 3
(c) + (d) -
2 4 2 4

æ1ö 1
5. If a ¹ b and af x + bf ç ÷ = - 5
èxø x
æ px ö æ1ö
1. If f (x) = A sin ç ÷ + B, f ´ ç ÷ = 2 and
è 2 ø è2ø for all x ¹ 0 , then
2
1 2A 1 é æ b öù
ò 0 f (x) dx = , then constants A and B are :
p òf x dx =
a - b2
2 êa log 2 - a + b ç 2 ÷ ú
1 ë è øû
p p 2 3 where b - a is equal to
(a) and (b) and
2 2 p p
(a) 12 (b) 5
4 4 (c) 7 (d) 2
(c) 0 and - (d) and 0
p p
p
2
2p
6. òp cos px - sin qx dx is equal to (where p, q Î Z)
2. The value of ò [2 sin x] dx where [.] represents the -
p
greatest integral functions, is : p

(a) 0 (b)
2
5p
(a) - (b) – p
3 (c) p (d) 2p
e
5p 1+ log10 x
(c) (d) – 2 p 7.
3 ò
1 x
dx =
29 3
x-2
2 1 1 + log10 e
(a) log10 e (b)
3. ò dx = 2 2
2
3 3+ 3 x - 2
1
(c) log10 e + 1 (d) 2 log10 e
2
3 3 3 3
(a) 4 + p (b) 2 + p
2 2
tan x co t x
t dt
8. ò1/ e 1+ t 2 dt + ò t 1+ t 2
=
3 3 3 1/ e
(c) 4 + p (d) 8 + p
2 2
(a) 2(tan e - 1) (b) 2 tan e
1/ 3
dx (c) 1 (d) tan e + cot e
4. ò =
2
0 2 x +1 x2 +1
log e 5
e x e x -1
p
9. ò
0 ex + 3
dx =
(a) (b) tan -1 2
2
(a) 3 + p (b) 3 - p
(c) tan 1/ 2 -1 (d) p (c) 4 + p (d) 4 - p
p
sin x cos a 14. If t denotes the integeral part of t , then
10. ò 1 + cos 2
dx = p
0 x 1 + sin 2 a 1
ò cos p x cos 2 x p dx =
(a) for no value of a 0
(b) for exactly two values of a in 0, p (a) 1 (b) -1
2 2
æp ö (c) - (d)
(c) for at least one a in ç , p ÷ p p
è2 ø
ìx
ï 5 + 1 - y dy if x > 2
p
(d) for exactly one a in æç 0, ö÷ 15. Let f x = í ò0
è 2ø ï 5x +1 if x £ 2
î
Then
1/ 2 æ ö
x
11. ò e x ç sin -1 x - ÷ dx =
(a) f x is continuous but not differentiable at x = 2
çç 3/ 2 ÷÷
0 1- x2
è ø
(b) f x is not continuous at x = 2
æp 1 ö æp 2 ö (c) f x is differentiable everywhere

(a) eç - ÷ +1 (b) eç + ÷ +1
è6 3ø è6 3ø
(d) The right derivative of f x at x = 2 does not exist
æp 2 ö æp 1 ö
(c) eç - ÷ +1 (d) eç + ÷ +1 x
è6 3ø è6 3ø 16. Consider the function f x = ò t dt

0
2
where x > 0 and t is the integral part of t . Then
12. ò
-2
x x -1 dx =
(a) f x is not defined for x = 1, 2,3,...

17 11
(a) (b) (b) f x is defined for all x > 0 but is not continuous at
3 3
x = 1, 2,3,...
13 16
(c) (d) (c) f x is continuous for all x > 0
3 3
(d) f x is differentiable for all x > 0
13. If t stands for the integral part of t , then
p
x 2 sin 2 x sin éë p / 2 cos x ùû
5p /12 17. ò0 dx =
tan x dx = 2x - p
ò0
4 p2
(a) (b)
p p2 4
(a) (b) p
2
p2 8
(c) (d)
p 8 p
(c) (d) 2p
4
23. Let f : R ® R and g : R ® R be continuous functions. Then
p
x2
p
2 x 2 cos 2 x / 2
dx = the value of the integral
18. If ò 2
dx = A then ò 1 + sin x
2
0 1 + sin x 0
p/ 2
(a) A + p - p 2 (b) A - p + p 2
ò-p / 2
f ( x ) + f (- x ) g ( x ) - g (- x ) dx is :
(a) p (b) 1
(c) A - p - p 2 (d) A+2p - p 2
(c) – 1 (d) 0
x
e
19. Let f x = sin 2 x cos2 x
1+ e x 24. sin -1 t dt + cos -1 t dt =
ò 0
ò
0
f a
I1 =
f -a
ò xg x 1- x dx
(a) p (b)
p
2
f a p p
I2 = g x 1- x dx (c) (d)
f -a
ò 4 2 2
25. For each positive integer n, define
then I 2 / I1 is
n
æ xn 1- x ö
(a) 1 (b) -3 fn x = Min ç , ÷ for 0 £ x £ 1 . Let
ç n! n! ÷
è ø
(c) -1 (d) 2
1 ¥
æ 2x
-1
cos ç
ö -1 æ 2 x ö In = ò f n x dx for n ³ 1 . Then the value of åI n is
1/ 3 2 ÷ + tan ç 2 ÷ n =1
20. è 1+ x ø è 1- x ø dx = 0
ò ex +1
-1/ 3 (a) 2 e - 3 (b) 2 e - 2
p p (c) 2 e - 1 (d) 2 e
(a) (b)
2 4 2p
e|sin x| cos x
26. ò dx =
p p 0
1 + e tan x
(c) (d)
4 3 2 3
(a) ep (b) 1
1
dx (c) ep - 1 (d) 0
21. ò 2 2 -4 x
=
0 5 + 2x - 2x 1- e
0 2
sin x sin x
1 æ 11 + 2 ö 1 æ 11 +1 ö
27. If m = ò-2 é x ù 1 dx and n = ò0 é x ù 1 dx, where .
(a) log e ç
ç 11 ÷÷ (b) log e ç
ç 10 ÷÷ êë p úû + 2 êë p úû + 2
11 è ø 11 è ø
represents greatest integer function, then
1 æ 10 + 2 ö 1 æ 10 + 1 ö (a) m = n (b) m = - n
(c) log e ç (d) log e ç
10 ç 11 ÷÷ 10 ç 11 ÷÷
è ø è ø (c) m = 2n (d) m = -2 n
p cos2 x p /2 p /4
22. For any integer n, the integral ò e cos3 (2n + 1)x dx f cos 2 x cos x dx where k
0 28. ò
0
f sin 2 x sin x dx = k ò
0
has the value :
equals
(a) p (b) 1
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 2 (d) 2 2
2 /3
-5
2 9 éë x - 2 /3 ùû
2
ì at –1 t < 1
29. If I1 = ò e x + 5 dx and I 2 = 3 ò e dx then the 35. If f (t ) = í 2 then possible set of value of
-4 1/3 ît + b t ³ 1
value of I1 + I2 is x
a, b so that ò f ( x) dx is differentiable for all x ³ 0 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 0
(c) e -1 (d) e (a) 5,1 (b) 1, 3

a
1
et e-t (c) 4, 2 (d) none of these
30. If I = ò dt , then ò t - a -1 dt =
0 t +1 a -1
x
t
(a) Ie a
(b) ( -I)e a 36. If f ( x ) = e g ( x ) and g x = ò dt then f ' 2 has the
2 1 + t4
(c) ( -I)e - a (d) Ie- a value equal to

(a) 2 / 17 (b) 0
a +1
2
- x -1
31. The maximum value of òe dx is attained (a is real) (c) 1 (d) cannot be determined
a -1
37. The value of the function
at
x
(a) a = 2 (b) a = 1 f x = 1 + x + ò ln 2t + 2lnt dt where f ' x vanishes
1
(c) a = -1 (d) a = 0
is
32. If f x is differentiable & defined on R + such that
(a) e -1 (b) 0
t2
2 (c) 2e-1 (d) 1 + 2e -1
ò xf x dx = t 5 then f 4 / 25 =
0
3
x+h x
2 3 ò ln 2 tdt - ò ln 2tdt
(a) (b) - 38. lim a a
equals to
3 2 h®0 h
3 (a) 0 (b) ln 2 x
(c) 1 (d)
2
2lnx
x
(c) (d) does not exist
x
33. The function F x = ò 4sin t + 3cos t dt
p /6
n 1/ n
attains least value on [p/4, 3p/4] at x equals. é ù
1 ê Õ (n 3 + r 3 ) ú
dx r =1
39. Let l = ò , p = lim ê ú , then ln p
p p 1+ x 3 n ®¥
ê n3n ú
(a) (b) 0
3 3 ê ú
ë û
3p p is equal to
(c) (d)
4 4 (a) ln 2 - 1 + l (b) ln 2 - 3 + 3l
x2
cos x cos t (c) 2 ln 2 - l (d) ln 4 - 3 + 3l
34. If f x = ò 2
dt then f ' p is equal to
p 2 /16 1 + sin t 1
-x2
40. The value of the definite integral ò (1 + e
0
) dx is :
(a) 0 (b) p
(a) – 1 (b) 2
p –1
(c) 2p (d) (c) 1 + e (d) none of these
2
41. Consider the integrals 45. A function f x which satisfies the relation
1 1
2 1
I1 = ò e - x cos 2 x dx, I 2 = ò e - x cos 2 x dx, f x = e x + ò e x f (t ) dt , then f x is
0 0
0
1
-
x2 1
-
x2 ex
I3 = ò e 2
cos 2 x dx, I 4 = ò e 2
dx Then (a) (b) e - 2 e x
2-e
0 0
ex
(a) I 2 > I4 > I1 > I3 (b) I 2 < I4 < I1 < I3 (c) 2e x (d)
2
(c) I1 < I 2 < I3 < I4 (d) I1 > I2 > I3 > I4 46. The area bounded by the curve y = 3 + 2 x - x 2 , y = 0 &
e
the ordinate at x = 1& x = 4 is
n
42. If I n = ò log e x dx n is a positive integer), then (a) 25 / 3 (b) 23 / 3
1
(c) 19 / 3 (d) none

I 2012 + (2012) I 2011 =
47. The area bounded by the curve y = x(1 - ln x ) and
(a) I 2011 + (2010) I 2010 (b) I 2013 + (2013) I 2012 positive x - axis between x = e -1 and x = e is
(c) I 2011 + (2010) I 2009 (d) I 2012 - (2012) I 2011

æ e 2 - 4e -2 ö æ e 2 - 5e -2 ö
(a) ç ÷ (b) ç ÷
è 5 ø è 4 ø
x x
2
- z2 / 4
43. If ò e zx . e - z dz = f x òe dz
0 0
æ 4e 2 - e - 2 ö æ 5e 2 - e -2 ö
(c) ç ÷ (d) ç ÷
è 5 ø è 4 ø
x æ xö
then òe ç log e f x + ÷ dx =
è 2ø 48. The area enclosed by y = x 3 , its normal at 1,1 and x -
axis is equal to
x 2 x
xe x e
(a) +c (b) +c 7 9
2 4 (a) (b)
4 4
x2e x xe x 5 8
(c) +c (d) +c (c) (d)
2 4 4 4
49. Area of the region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, x = 2, y = 2,

x 1
44. If òf
0
t dt = x + ò tf t dt
x
y £ e x and y ³ ln x , is
(a) 6 - 4 ln 2 (b) 4 ln 2 - 2
then f 1 is (c) 2 ln 2 - 4 (d) 6 - 2 ln 2
1 50. The area bounded by the curve y = e x and the lines

(a) (b) 0
2 y = x - 1 , x = 2 is given by
-1 (a) e2 + 1 (b) e2 - 1
(c) 1 (d)
2
(c) e2 - 2 (d) none
51. The area enclosed by the curves 56. The area of the region enclosed between the curves
7 x 2 + 9 y + 9 = 0 and 5 x 2 + 9 y + 27 = 0 is
2 æ xp ö
y = 4 - x , y ³ 2 sin ç ÷ and x - axis is divided
è2 2ø (a) 2 (b) 4
by y - axis in the ratio (c) 8 (d) 16

57. The area of the plane figure bounded in first quadrant by
p 2 -8 p2 -4
(a) 2 (b) 2 y = x1/3 ; y = - x 2 + 2 x + 3; y = 2 x - 1 and the axis of
p +8 p +4
ordinates is
p -4 2p 2 (a) 12 / 55 (b) 55 / 12
(c) (d)
p +4 2p + p 2 - 8
(c) 32 / 55 (d) none
52. The area of the closed figure bounded by the curves
é pù
y = x , y = 4 - 3x & y = 0 is 58. If f x = sin x" x Î ê0, ú , f (x) + f (p - x) =
ë 2û
(a) 4 / 9 (b) 8 / 9
æp ù
(c) 16 / 9 (d) none 2" x Î ç , p ú and f ( x) = f 2p - x "x Î p , 2p ,
è2 û
53. The area of the closed figure bounded by the curves
2 p then the area enclosed by y = f x and x - axis is

y = cos x; y = 1 + x&x= is
p 2
(a) p (b) 2p
p +4 3p (c) 2 (d) 4
(a) (b)
4 4 59. Value of the parameter a such that the area bounded by
y = a 2 x 2 + ax + 1 , co-ordinate axes and the line x = 1 ,
3p + 4 3p - 4
(c) (d) attains it’s least value, is equal to
4 4
1 1
54. The ratio in which the curve y = x 2 divides the region (a) - (b) -
4 2
æpx ö
bounded by the curve; y = sin ç ÷ & the x - axis as 3
è 2 ø (c) - (d) -1
4
x varies from 0 to 1 , is
(a) 2 : p (b) 1 : 3
(c) 3 : p (d) 6 - p : p ¥
x
60. ò (1 + x) (1 + x
0
2
)
dx
3
55. The area bounded by y = 2 - 2 - x and y = is
x (a) p / 4
(b) p / 2
4 + 3ln3 4 - 3ln3
(a) (b)
2 2 ¥
dx
(c) is same as ò (1 + x) (1 + x
0
2
)
3 1
(c) + ln3 (d) + ln3
2 2 (d) cannot be evaluated
61. If f (2 - x) = f (2 + x ) and f (4 - x) = f (4 + x ) and 1

dx
65. If I n = ò , n Î N , then which of the following
0
(1 + x2 )n
2
f x is a function for which ò f ( x) dx = 5,

0
then statements hold good ?
(a) 2nI n +1 = 2 - n + (2n - 1)I n

50
ò f ( x) dx is equal to p 1
0 (b) I 2 = +
8 4
46
p 1
(a) 125 (b) ò f ( x) dx (c) I 2 = -
-4 8 4
51 52 p 5
(d) I 3 = -
(c) ò f ( x ) dx (d) ò
2
f ( x ) dx 16 48
1

1 x
62. If F ( x ) = 2 ò (4t 2 - 2 F´ (t )) dt , then F ' 4 equals –
x 4 66. Determine a positive integer n £ 5, such that
32 64 ò e x ( x - 1) n dx = 16 - 6e
0
(a) (b)
9 9
ASSERTION REASON
5
2 F (4) 11F (8)
(c) (d) (A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a
9 28
2
If f x is integrable over 1, 2 , then a correct explanation for ASSERTION.

63. ò f ( x) dx
1
is equal
to (D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true.
1 n
ærö 1 2n
ærö 67. Assertion :
(a) nlim
®¥ n
å f çè n ÷ø
r =1
(b) nlim
®¥ n
å
r = n +1
f ç ÷
ènø
sin -1 x
æ x ö sin -1 x
òe çç 1 - ÷÷ dx = e . 1 - x2 + c
n 2n è 1 - x2 ø
1 ær+nö 1 ærö
(c) lim
n ®¥ n
å f çè
r =1
÷
n ø
(d) nlim
®¥ n
å f çè n ÷ø
r =1 g ( x)
Reason : ò e g ¢ (x) f (x) + f ¢ (x) dx = e g(x ) f (x) + c
p /2
64. If I = ò e -a sin x dx, where a Î 0, ¥ , then (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
0
p p
2 p 2
p p 68. Assertion : ò x sin x cos x dx = ò sin x cos x dx
(a) I < (b) I > e -a
+1 0 2 0
2 2
b b
a+b
p -a
Reason : òx f ( x ) dx = ò f ( x) dx
(c) I > e (d) I > 0 a
2 a
2
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
p /2 71. Column - I Column - II

sin x p
69. Assertion : 1 £ ò £
x 2 (A) The area bounded by the curve (P) 2
0
y = x + sin x and its inverse function

Reason : If f x is continuous in a, b and m and l
between the ordinates x = 0 to x = 2p
are greatest and least value of f x in a, b , then
is 4s Then the value of s is
b
l (b - a) £ ò f ( x ) dx £ m(b - a ) x
(B) The area bounded by y = xe (Q) 1
a
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D and lines x = 1, y = 0 is

Match the Following
32
(C) The area bounded by the curves (R)
Each question has two columns. Four options are given 5
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds y 2 = x 3 and y = 2 x is
corresponding to the correct matching. 1
(D) The smaller area included (S)
3
70. Column - I Column - II
1
between the curves x + y =1
cos x
(A) If ò dx = k and (P) 4
0
1+ x and x + y = 1 is
6p
cos( x / 3) The correct matching is :
6 p
ò
-3 p + 3 - x
6
dx = mk , then m is
(a) A-P; B-Q; C-R; D-S
(b) A-Q; B-P; C-R; D-S
1
æ -1 é 3ùö p (c) A-P; B-R; C-S; D-P
(B) ò ç sin ê x + 4 ú ÷ dx = k , then (Q) 1
-1 è ë ûø (d) A-P; B-P; C-R; D-S
k is {where . denotes GIF} Using the following passage, solve Q.72 to Q.74
(C) If f ( x) = max x - x , x + [ x ] and (R) 3 Passage – 1
3 p /2
3 ln(sin x)dx
ò f ( x ) dx = - , then k is Using integral ò 0
-3
k
p /2 p
{where . denotes GIF} =-ò ln(sec x ) dx = - ln 2,
0 2
20
10k 2 p /2 p /4 p
(D) If ò 1 - cos p x dx = , (S) 2 ln(1 + tan x) dx = ln 2.
0 p ò 0
ln(tan x) dx = 0 and ò 0 8
then k is p /4
72. Evaluate ò ln(sin 2 x) dx =
The correct matching is : 0
(a) A-Q; B-P; C-S; D-P

-p ln 2
(b) A-Q; B-P; C-S; D-R (a) (b) p ln 2
2
(c) A-Q; B-R; C-Q; D-P
(d) A-S; B-P; C-S; D-P p ln 2
4
76. The area of the region bounded by the curve between the
æ sin x + cos x ö
p /4
73. Evaluate ò ln ç ÷ dx = lines x = 0 & x = 1 is
-p /4
è cos x - sin x ø
p p
p ln2 (a) (b) -1
(a) p ln 2 (b) 2 2
2
p
(c) 0 (d) -p ln 2 (c) +1 (d) p + 1
2
p /4
ln(sin x + cos x) dx = 77. The Area of the region bounded by the curve between the
74. Evaluate òp- /4
1
lines x = 0 & x = is
p ln2 - p ln 2 2
(a) (b)
2 4
3 p 3 p
(c) p ln2 (d) 0 (a) + (b) +
4 6 2 6
Using the following passage, solve Q.75 to Q.77
3 p 3 p
(c) - (d) -
Passage – 1 4 6 2 6
Consider the curve defined implicity by the equation Subjective Type

2 sin -1 x 2 2 sin -1 x
y - 2 ye + x - 1 + [ x] + e = 0, Where x
3 2x 5 + x 4 - 2x 3 + 2x 2 + 1
denotes the greatest integer function 78. Evaluate ò 2 ( x 2 + 1) ( x 4 - 1)
dx.
75. The area of the region bounded by the curve between the
lines x = -1 and x = 0 is p 2 x (1 + sin x )
79. Determine the value of
p
ò -p 1 + cos 2 x
dx
(a) +1 (b) p - 1
2
p
(c) p + 1 (d) -1
2

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] x
6. Let f (x) = ò 2 - t 2 dt. Then the real roots of the equation
1
x 1
1. Let g(x) = ò f (t) dt, where f is such that £ f (t) £ 1 for x 2 - f ' x = 0 are : (2002)
0 2
1 1
t Î [0, 1] and 0 £ f (t) £ for t Î [1, 2]. Then g(2) satisfies the (a) ± 1 (b) ±
2 2
inequality. (2000)
1
(c) ± (d) 0 and 1
3 1 2
(a) - £ g ( 2) < (b) 0 £ g(2) < 2
2 2 7. Let T > 0 be a fixed real number, Suppose f is a continous
function such that for all x Î R. f (x + T) = f (x). If
3
(c) < g (2) £ 5 / 2 (d) 2 < g(2) < 4 T 3+3T
2 I = ò f (x) dx, then the value of ò f (2x) dx is :
0 3
e2
(2002)
log e x
2. The value of the integral ò dx is : (2000)
e-1 x (a) 3/2 I (b) I
(c) 3 I (d) 6 I
(a) 3/2 (b) 5/2
(c) 3 (d) 5 1/ 2 æ æ1+ x ö ö
8. The integral ò -1/ 2 ç [x] + ln ç ÷ ÷ dx equals (2002)
è è 1- x ø ø
ìecos x sin x, for | x |£ 2,
3. If f (x) = í
î = 2, otherwise 1
(a) - (b) 0
2
3
then ò f (x)dx, is equal to (2000) æ1ö
-2
(c) 1 (d) 2ln ç ÷
è2ø
(a) 0 (b) 1
1
(c) 2 (d) 3 If I(m, n) = t m (1 + t) n dt, then the expression for I(m, n)
9. ò 0
The value of
p cos 2 x in terms of I(m +1, n – 1) is : (2003)
4. ò dx, a > 0 is : (2001)
-p 1+ ax
2n n
(a) - I m + 1, n - 1
(a) p (b) ap m +1 m +1
(c) p/2 (d) 2p
n
x
(b) I (m + 1, n - 1)
f (t) dt. If m +1
5. Let f : (0, ¥) ® R and F (x) = ò 0
F(x2) = x2 (1 + x), then f (4) equals : (2001) 2n n

(c) + I ( m + 1, n - 1)
m +1 m +1
(a) 5/4 (b) 7
(c) 4 (d) 2 m
(d) I (m + 1, n - 1)
m +1
16. The value of the integral

x 2 +1
-t2
10. If f (x) = ò x2
e dt, then f (x) increases in : (2003)
p/2 æ 2 p -xö
òp
- /2
ç x + log
è
÷ cos x dx is
p +xø (2012)
(a) (2, 2) (b) no value of x
(c) (0, ¥) (d) (–¥, 0)
p2
(a) 0 (b) -4
1 1- x 2
11. The value of the integral ò dx is (2004)
0 1+ x
p2 p2
(c) +4 (d)
p p 2 2
(a) +1 (b) -1
2 2
é1 ù
(c) – 1 (d) 1 17. Let f : ê ,1ú ® R (the set of all real numbers) be a positive,
ë2 û
t2 2 5 non-constant and differentiable function such that
12. If f (x) is differentiable and ò x f (x) dx = t , then
0 5 æ1ö 1
f (4/25) equals : (2004) f ¢(x) < 2f(x) and f ç ÷ = 1. Then, the value of
è2ø ò1/ 2 f x dx
(a) 2/5 (b) – 5/2 lies in the interval (2013)

(c) 1 (d) 5/2 (a) (2e – 1, 2e) (b) (e – 1, 2e – 1)
0
13. The value of ò [x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 3 + (x + 1) cos (x+1)] dx is: æ e -1 ö æ e -1 ö
-2
(c) ç , e - 1÷ (d) ç 0,
è 2 ø è 2 ÷ø
(2005)
(a) 0 (b) 3 18. The area enclosed by the cuves y = sin x + cos x and
(c) 4 (d) 1 é pù
y = |cos x – sin x| over the interval ê 0, ú is
ë 2û
1 æ 1 ö
14. If ò sin x t 2 f (t) dt = 1 - sin x " x Î (0, p / 2) then f ç ÷
è 3ø (2013)
is : (2005) (a) 4 2 -1 (b) 2 2 2 -1

(a) 3 (b) 3
(c) 1/3 (d) none of these (c) 4 2 +1 (d) 2 2 2 +1
15. Let f be a non-negative function defined on the interval

p
x x 2
2
[0, 1]. If ò 1 - ( f ´(t )) dt = ò f (t ) dt , 0 £ x £ 1 and f (0) 19. The following integral 17
dx is equal to
0 0 ò (2 cos ec x)
p
= 0, then (2009) 4
æ1ö 1 æ1ö 1 (2014)

(a) f ç ÷ < and f ç ÷ >
è2ø 2 è 3ø 3 log(1+ 2 )
(a) ò 2(eu + e - u )16 du
0
æ1ö 1 æ1ö 1
(b) f ç ÷ > and f ç ÷ > log(1+ 2 )
è2ø 2 è3ø 3 (b) (eu + e -u )17 du
ò 0
1 1 1 1
(c) f æç ö÷ < and f æç ö÷ < (c)
log(1+ 2 )
(eu - e - u )17 du
è2ø 2 è 3ø 3 ò
0
log(1+ 2 )
æ1ö 1 æ1ö 1 (d) ò 2(eu - e - u )16 du
(d) f ç ÷ > and f ç ÷ < 0
è2ø 2 è3ø 3
24. Let the functions f : R®R and g : R®R be defined by

192 x 3 1
20. Let f ¢ x for all xÎR with f æç ö÷ = 0. If
2 + sin 4 px è2ø 1 x -1 1- x
f ( x) = e x -1 - e-| x -1| and g ( x ) = (e + e ).
2
1
Then the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded
m£ òf x dx £ M, then the possible values of m and by the curves y = f (x), y = g (x) and x = 0 is (2020)
1/2
1
M are (2015) (a) 2 - 3 + e - e -1
2
1 1 1
(a) m = 13, M = 24 (b) m = ,M= (b) 2 + 3 + e - e -1
4 2 2
(c) m = -11, M = 0 (d) m = 1, M = 12 1

(c) 2 - 3 + e + e -1
2
p
2
x 2 cos x 1
21. The value of ò x
dx is equal to (2016) (d) 2 + 3 + e + e -1
p 1+ e 2
-
2
p2 p2
(a) -2 (b) +2 n
n n -1
n
4 4 25. Let Sn = å 2 2
and Tn = å 2 2
, for
k =1 n + kn + k k = 0 n + kn + k
p p n = 1, 2, 3, ..., then (2008)

2 2
(c) p - e 2 (d) p + e 2
p p
(a) S n < (b) S n >
22. Area of the region 3 3 3 3
x, y Î ¡ 2 :y ³ x + 3 ,5y £ x + 9 £ 15 is equal to p
p
(c) Tn < (d) Tn >
3 3 3 3
(2016)
p sin nx
(a)
1
(b)
4 26. If I n = ò
-p (1 + p x ) sin x
dx , n = 0, 1,2,...., then (2009)
6 3
10
3 5
(a) In = In + 2 (b) åI
m =1
2 m +1 = 10p
(c) (d)
2 3
10
23. The area of the region {(x, y) : xy £ 8, 1 £ y £ x2} is (c) åI

m =1
2m =0 (d) In = In + 1
(2019)
2
27. If S be the area of the region enclosed by y = e - x , y = 0,
7
(a) 16 log2 2 – 6 (b) 8 log e 2 - x = 0 and x = 1. Then, (2012)
3
1 1
(a) S ³ (b) S ³ 1 -
e e
14 14
(c) 16 log e 2 - (d) 8log e 2 -
3 3
1æ 1 ö 1 1 æ 1 ö
(c) S £ ç1+ ÷ (d) S £ + ç1- ÷
4è eø 2 eè 2ø
28. For a Î R (the set of all real numbers), a ¹ –1,

k +1 k +1
32. If I = å 98
k =1 òk dx, then (2017)
a a
1 + 2 + ... + n a x(x + 1)
1
lim a -1
=
n ®¥
n +1 éë na + 1 + na + 2 + ... + na + n ùû 60
49 49
(a) I > (b) I <
Then, a is equal to (2013) 50 50
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) I < loge 99 (d) I > loge 99
-15 -17 33. If the line x = a divided the area of region

(c) (d)
2 2
R = (x, y) Î R 2 : x 3 £ y £ x, 0 £ x £ 1
æ 1ö
x -ç t + t ÷ dt into two equal parts, then (2017)
è ø
29. Let f : (0, ¥ ) ® R be given by f (x) = 1e
ò .
x t
1
(a) 0 < a £ (b) 2a4 - 4a2 + 1 = 0
Then (2014) 2
(a) f (x) is monotonically increasing on [1, ¥ )
1
(b) f (x) is monotonically decreasing on (0, 1) (c) a4 + 4a2 – 1 = 0 (d) < a <1
2
æ1ö
(c) f (x) + f ç ÷ = 0, for all x Î (0, ¥ ) 1 + 3 2 + ...... + 3 n
èxø 34. For nlim = 54
®¥
7/3
æ 1 1 1 ö
(d) f (2 ) is an odd function of x on R
x
n ç 2
+ 2
+ .... + 2
÷
ç na + 1 na + 2 na + n ÷
30. The option(s) with the value of a and L that satisfy the è ø
following equation is(are)
a Î R, |a| > 1, Then possible value(s) of a is/are –
4p (2019)
t
òe sin 6 at + cos 4 at dt
0
(a) 8 (b) -9
p
=L?
t (2015) (c) 7 (d) -6
òe sin 6 at + cos 4 at dt
0 35. Which of the following inequalities is/are TRUE ?
(2020)
e 4p -1 e 4p +1
(a) a = 2, L = p (b) a = 2, L = p 1 1
e -1 e +1 3 3
(a) ò x cos x dx ³ 8 (b) ò x sin x dx ³ 10
0 0
e 4p -1 e4p +1
(c) a = 4, L = p (d) a = 4, L =
e -1 e p +1 1
2 1
1
2 2
(c) ò x cos x dx ³ 2 (d) òx sin x dx ³
9
0 0
x
æ æ nö æ nö ö n
ç nn x + n ç x + ÷ ... ç x + ÷ ÷
ç è 2ø è nø ÷ ,
31. Let f ( x) = lim ç
n ®¥ æ 2
ö æ 2
ö÷
ç n ! x 2 + n2 ç x 2 + n ÷ ... ç x 2 + n
1
÷ ÷÷ (5050) ò (1 - x50 )100 dx
ç 4 ø è n2 36. The value of
0
is (2006)
è è øø 1
ò (1 - x50 )101 dx
0
for all x > 0. Then (2016)
æ1ö æ1ö æ2ö 1 ì d2 5ü

(a) f ç ÷ ³ f (1) (b) f ç ÷ £ f ç ÷ 4 x3 í 2 1 - x 2 ý dx is
è2ø 3
è ø è3ø
37. The value of ò
0
î dx þ
(2014)
f '(3) f '(2)
(c) f '(2) £ 0 (d) f (3) ³ f (2)
42. The total number of distinct x Î [0, 1] for which

ì x , x £2
38. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by f x = í
î 0, x > 2 x
t2
where [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x, if ò 1 + t 4 dt = 2x – 1 is (2016)
0
2
xf x 2
I= ò 2+f dx , then the value of (4I - 1) is (2015) 43. A farmer F1 has a land in the shape of a triangle with
-1 x +1
vertices at P(0, 0), Q(1, 1) and R(2, 0). From this land, a
neighbouring farmer F2 takes away the region which lies
p
x2 +
6 between the side PQ and a curve of the form
39. Let F x = ò 2cos 2 t dt for all x Î R and
x
y = x n n > 1 . If the area of the region taken away by the
farmer F2 is exactly 30% of the area of DPQR , then the

é 1ù
f : ê0, ú ® 0, ¥ be a continuous function.
ë 2û value of n is (2018)
1
é 1ù
For a Î ê0, ú , if F '(a) + 2 is the area of the region 2 1+ 3
ë 2û 44. The value of the integral ò 1
dx is__.
0 2 6 4
bounded by x = 0, y = 0, y = f(x) and x = a, then f (0) is x +1 1- x
(2015)
(2018)
1
-1 x æ 12 + 9 x 2 ö
40. If a = ò e9 x +3tan ç 2
-1
÷ dx where tan x takes p /4
è 1+ x ø 2 dx
0 45. I= ò sin x
then find 27I2 equals
p p
- /4 (1 + e ) (2 - cos 2 x)
only principal values, then the value of
_____ (2019)
æ 3p ö
ç log e |1 + a | - ÷ is (2015) 46. The value of the integral
è 4 ø
p /2
3. cos q
41. Let f : R ® R be a continuous odd function, which ò 5
dq equals (2019)
0 cos q + sin q
1
vanishes exactly at one point and f (1) = . Suppose that
2
47. Let f : R ® R be a differentiable function such that
x
F x = ò f t dt for all x Î [-1, 2] and its derivative f ' is continuous and f p = -6 .
-1
x
x F x 1 If F : [0, p] ® R is defined by F ( x) = ò f (t ) dt , and if
0
G x = ò t f f t dt for all x Î [-1, 2]. If lim
x ®1 G x
= ,
-1
14
p
æ1ö ò f '( x) + F ( x ) cos x dx = 2 then the value of f 0 is

then the value of f ç ÷ is (2015) 0
è 2ø
_____. (2020)
Match the Following

æ 12 æ1+ x ö ö
ç ò- 1 cos 2x log ç ÷ dx ÷
Each question has two columns. Four options are given è 2 è 1- x ø ø
S. equals 4. 0 (2014)
representing matching of elements from Column-I and æ 12 æ1+ x ö ö
ç ò0 cos 2x log ç ÷ dx ÷
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds è è1- x ø ø
corresponding to the correct matching. P Q R S
(a) 3 2 4 1
48. Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with
statement in Column II. (2007) (b) 2 3 4 1
Column–I Column–II (c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 2 3 1 4
1 dx 1 æ2ö
(A) (P)
ò -1 1+ x2 2
log ç ÷
è3ø Using the following passage, solve Q.50 and 51
æ2ö Passage – 1
1 dx
(B) (Q) 2 logç ÷
ò 0
1- x2 è3ø
Suppose we define definite integral using formula
3 dx p
(C) (R)
b
æ b-a ö
ò 2 1- x
2 3 ò a
f ( x ) dx = ç
è 2 ø
÷ { f (a ) + f ( b)},
2 dx p for more acurate results for c Î (a, b),

(D)
ò 1 2
x x -1
(S)
2
c-a b-c
The correct matching is: F(c) = [ f (a ) - f (c)] + [ f (b) - f (c)]
2 2
(a) (A–S; B–S; C–P; D–R)
(b) (A–Q; B–S; C–P; D–R) a+b
When c =
(c) (A–S; B–Q; C–P; D–R) 2
(d) (A–S; B–R; C–P; D–S) b b-a

49. List I List II ò a
f ( x )dx =
4
{ f (a) + f (b) + 2 f (c)} dx (2006)
P. The number of polynomials f(x) 1. 8

p/ 2
with non-negative integer 50. Good approximation of sin x dx, is
coefficients of degree £ 2,
ò 0
satisfying f(0) = 0 and

(a) p/4 (b) p ( 2 + 1) / 4
1
ò f (x) dx
0
= 1, is
(c) p ( 2 + 1) / 8 (d) p/8
Q. The number of points in the 2. 2
t (t - a)
interval éë - 13, 13 ùû at which ò f (x) dx - { f (t) + f (a)}
a 2
51. If lim = 0,
f(x) = sin(x2) + cos(x2) attains t ®a (t - a)3
its maximum value is
then degree of polynomial function f (x) at–most is
2
2 3x (a) 0 (b) 1
R. ò-2 (1 + e x )
dx equals 3. 4
(c) 3 (d) 2
Using the following passage, solve Q.52 and 53 Using the following passage, solve Q.54 and 55
Passage – 2 Passage – 3
Let F : R ® R be a thrice differentiable function.

1- h
-a
(1 - t)a -1 dt Suppose that F(1) = 0, F(3) = -4 and F’(x) < 0 for all
Given that for each a Î (0, 1), hlim
® 0+
òt
h
æ1 ö
x Î ç , 3 ÷ . Let f (x) = xF(x) for all x Î R . (2015)
exists. Let this limit be g(a). In addition, it is given that the è2 ø
function g(a) is differentiable on (0,1). (2014) 54. The correct statement(s) is (are).
(a) f ¢ (1) < 0
æ1ö
52. The value of g ç ÷ is (b) f (2) < 0
è2ø
(c) f ¢ (x) ¹ 0 for any x Î (1, 3)
(a) p (b) 2p (d) f ¢ (x) = 0 for some x Î (1, 3)
3 3
p p 55. If ò x 2 F ¢ x dx = - 12 and ò x3 F ¢¢ x dx = 40, then
(c) (d) 1 1
2 4
the correct expression(s) is (are)
(a) 9 f ¢ (3) + f ¢ (1) – 32 = 0
æ1ö
53. The value of g ' ç ÷ is
è 2ø 3
(b) ò1 f x dx = 12
p (c) 9 f ¢ (3) - f ¢ (1) + 32 = 0

(a) (b) p
2
3
(d) ò1 f x dx = -12
p
(c) - (d) 0 Subjective Questions
2
x lnt
56. For x > 0, let f(x)= ò dt. Find the function
1 1+ t
f (x) + f (1 / x) and show that f (e) + f (1 / e) = 1 / 2. Here,
ln t = loget (2000)
p/ 3 p + 4x 3
57. Evaluate ò -p / 3 æ pö
dx. (2004)
2 - cos ç | x | + ÷
è 3ø
58. Evaluate
p æ æ1 ö æ1 öö
ò e |cos x| çç 2 sin ç cos x ÷ + 3 cos ç cos x ÷ ÷÷ sin x dx
0
è è2 ø è2 øø
(2005)
Note:
AREA UNDER CURVES
Teacher’s Note:
Go down deep into anything and you will find mathematics, if you
integrate anything you will find mathematics. If you differentiate
anything you will find mathematics.
"Samajh ayega to mazaa ayega,
Mazaa ayega to samajh ayega".
Pulkit Sir loves teaching Mathematics, he has been a

pioneer in producing Top Ranks in JEE and Olympiads.
He has personally taught and mentored AIR 1,6,7
(JEE ADVANCED), and thousands of more students who
have successfully cleared these competitive exams
in the last few years.
Chapter 03 111
1. INTRODUCTION d2y
(ii) = - p 2 y is the differential equation of the
dx 2
Differential equation constitute a very important part of
mathematics as it has many applications in real life. Various second order because maximum derivative of y
laws of physics are often in the form of equations involving d2y
rate of change of one quantity with respect to another. w.r.t x is
dx 2
As the mathematical equivalent of a rate is a derivative,
differential equation arise very naturally in real life and 2 3
methods for solving them acquire paramount importance. æ d3 y ö æ dy ö
(iii) çç 3 ÷÷ - 3 ç ÷ + 2 = 0 is the differential
è dx ø è dx ø
1.1 Definition
equation of the third order because maximum
An equation involving the dependent variable and
independent variable and also the derivatives of the d3 y
derivative of y w.r.t x is
dependable variable is known as differential equation. dx 3
For example:
2.2 Degree
dy x d2y The degree of a differential equation is the degree of the
(i) = 1/ 3 (ii) = -p2 y
dx y (1 + x1/ 3 ) dx 2 highest differential coefficient when the equation has been
made rational and integral as far as the differential
3/ 2
é æ dy ö 2 ù d2y 2 coefficients are concerned.
2 æ dy ö 2
(iii) ê1 + ç dx ÷ ú =3 (iv) x ç ÷ = y + 1 For example:
ëê è ø ûú dx 2 dx
è ø
dy x
Differential equations which involve only one (i) = 1/ 3
independent variable are called ordinary differential dx y (1 + x1/ 3 ) is the differential equation of
equation. first degree, because power of the highest order
2. ORDER AND DEGREE OF DIFFERENTIAL dy

derivative is 1.
EQUATIONS dx
2 3
2.1 Order æ d3 y ö æ dy ö
(ii) çç 3 ÷÷ - 3 ç ÷ + 2 = 0 is the differential
è dx ø è dx ø
The order of a differential equation is the order of the
highest derivative involved in the differential equation equation of second degree, because power of
For example: d3 y
highest order deriavative is 2.
dx 3
3 2
(i) æ dy ö æ dy ö
ç ÷ + ç ÷ + 4x = 0 is the differential
è dx ø è dx ø é æ dy ö2 ù
2/ 3
d2y
equation of the first order because maximum (iii) ê1 + ç ÷ ú =3 is the differential
ëê è dx ø ûú dx 2
dy
derivative of y with respect to x is equation of third degree, because power of highest
dx
112
Thus if an equation contains n arbitrary constants, the

d2y resulting differential equation obtained by eliminating
order devivative is 3 (after cubing)
dx 2 these constants will be a differential equation of nth order.
Illustration 1: i.e., an equation of the form
Find the order and degree of the following differential æ dy d 2 y dn y ö

f ç x, y, , 2 , ....... n ÷ = 0
equations. è dx dx dx ø
d2 y dy Illustration 2 :
(i) = 3 +3
dx 2 dx
Find the differential equation of the family of all circles
5/ 3 which pass through the origin and whose centre lie on y–
4
d 2 y ìï æ dy ö üï axis
(ii) 2 = í1 + ç dx ÷ ý
dx ïî è ø ïþ Sol. Let the equation of the circle be
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
dy
(iii) y = px + a 2 p2 + b 2 where p = If it passes through (0, 0), then c = 0
dx
\ The equation of circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy = 0
Sol. (i) The given differential equation can be written as
Since the centre of the circle lies on y–axis then g = 0
3 2
æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö \ The equation of the circle is
ç 2 ÷ =ç + 3÷
è dx ø è dx ø x2 + y2 + 2fy = 0 ...(i)
This represents family of circles.
Hence order = 2, degree = 3
Differentiating, we get
(ii) The given differential equation can be written as
5 dy dy
3 4 2x + 2 y +2f =0 ...(ii)
æ d 2 y ö é æ dy ö ù dx dx
= 1
ç 2÷ ê ç ÷ ú +
è dx ø êë è dx ø úû From (i) and (ii), we get
Hence order = 2, degree = 3 dy
or, ( x2 - y2 ) - 2 xy = 0 Which is the required differential
(iii) The given differential equation can be written as dx
2 2 equation.
æ dy ö 2 æ dy ö 2
çy-x ÷ =a ç ÷ +b 4. SOLUTION OF A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
è dx ø è dx ø
Hence order = 1, degree = 2 The solution of the differential equation is a relation
between the independent and dependent variable free
3. FORMATION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL
from derivatives satisfying the given differential equation.
EQUATION
Thus the solution of dy/dx = m could be obtained by
An ordinary differential equation is formed in an attempt simply integrating both sides i.e., y = mx + c, where c is
to eliminate certain arbitrary constants from a relation in arbitrary constant.
the variables and constants. Consider an equation (a) General solution (or complete primitive)
containing n arbitrary constants. Differentiating this The general solution of a differential equation is the
equation n times we get n additional equations relation between the variables (not involving the
containing n arbitrary constants and derivatives. derivatives) which contain the same number of the
Eliminating n arbitrary constants from the above (n + 1) arbitrary constants as the order of the differential
equations, we obtain differential equation involving nth equation.
derivative.
113
Thus the general solution of the differential equation Differentiating (ii), we get
d2y y2 = aex + 4be2x + 9ce–3x

= 4 y is y = A sin2x + B cos2x, where A and B are the
dx 2 \ y2 – y1 = 2be2x + 12ce–3x ...(iv)
–3x
constants. Now, (iv) – 2 (iii) Þ y2 – y1 – 2(y1 –y) = 20ce
(b) Particular solution or Integral or, y2 – 3y1 + 2y = 20ce–3x ...(v)
A solution which is obtained by giving particular values Differentiating, y2 = aex + 4be2x + 9ce–3x, we get
to the arbitrary constants in the general solution is called y3 = aex + 8be2x – 27ce–3x
a particular solution.
Now y3 – 3y2 + 2y1 = – 60ce–3x ...(vi)
Illustration 3: And (vi) + 3(v) Þ y3 – 3y2 + 2y1 + 3(y2 – 3y1 + 2y) = 0
or, y3 – 7y1 + 6y = 0
A
Show that v = + B is the general solution of the second
r d3 y dy
i.e., 3
- 7 + 6 y = 0 , which is the required differential
dx dx
d 2 v 2 dv
order differential equation + = 0 , where A and equation
dr 2 r dr
B are arbitrary constant. 5. METHOD OF SOLVING AN EQUATION OF THE
A
FIRST ORDER AND FIRST DEGREE
Sol. Given v = +B
r
A differential equation of the first order and first degree
2
d v 2A can be written in the form
Differentiating twice = ...(i)
dr 2 r 3 dy
= f (x, y)
dx
d 2 v 2 dv 2 A 2 æ A ö 2 A 2 A
From (i) + = + ç- ÷ = - =0
dr 2 r dr r 3 r è r 2 ø r 3 r 3 or, M dx + N dy = 0, where M and N are functions of
x and y
A 5.1 Variable Separation:
Putting A = 4, B = 5 in v = + B we get a particular
r The general form of such an equation is
solution of the differential equation
f(x)dx + f(y)dy = 0 ...(i)
Integrating, we get
2
d v 2 dv
+ = 0 is v = 4 + 5 .
dr 2 r dr r ò f (x)dx + ò f (y)dy = c which is the solution of (i)
5.2 Solution of differential equation of the type
Illustration 4:
dy
Show that y = aex + be2x + ce–3x is a solution of the = f (ax + by + c) :
dx
d3 y dy
equation -7 +6y = 0
dx 3 dx dy
Consider the differential equation = f (ax + by + c)
Sol. We have dx
y = aex + be2x + ce–3x ...(i) ...(i)
Differentiating, we get Where f(ax + by + c) is some function of ax + by + c.
y1 = aex + 2be2x – 3ce–3x ...(ii) Let z = ax + by + c
\ y1 – y = be2x – 4ce–3x ...(iii)
114
Illustration 6:
dz dy
 ab
dx dx
dy
Solve,  sin ( x  y )  cos ( x  y )
dx
dz
a
dy dx Sol. Let z = x + y
or, 
dx b
dz dy dy dz
 1   1
dx dx dx dx
dz
a dz
From (i) dx  f (z) or,  b f (z)  a dz
b dx  1  sin z  cos z
dx
dz dz
or,  dx ...(ii)
b f (z)  a or, dx 
sin z  cos z  1
In the differential equation (ii), the variables x and z are Integrating, we get
separated.
Integrating, we get dz dt z
 dx   sin z  cos z  1   t  1 , putting t  tan 2
dx
 b f (z)  a   dx  c i.e., x  c  log t  1 This is the required general
solution.
dx 5.3 Solution of differential equation of the type
or,  b f (z)  a  x  c , where z = ax + by + c
dy a1 x  b1 y  c1 a b c
 , where 1  1  1
This represents the general solution of the differential dx a2 x  b2 y  c2 a2 b2 c2
equation (i)
Illustration 5: dy a1 x  b1 y  c1 a b c
Here  where 1  1  1 ...(i)
dx a2 x  b2 y  c2 a2 b2 c2
dy
Solve (x  y) 2  a2
dx a1 b1
Let    (say)
Sol. Putting x – y = v a2 b2
dy dv v2  a1   a2 , b1   b2
 1  dx  2 dv , variable have been
dx dx v  a2
dy  a2 x   b2 y  c1
separated From (i), 
dx a2 x  b2 y  c2
v2
Integrating, we get  dx   dv  (a2 x  b2 y )  c1
v2  a 2  ...(ii)
a2 x  b2 y  c2
or,
x ya Let z = a2x + b2y
2y  k  a log
xya
dz
a
 dz dy dy dx 2 ...(iii)
 a2  b2  
dx dx dx b2
SCAN CODE
Differential Equations
115
called a homogeneous differential equation. Such

dz
- a2
l z + c1 x
From (ii) and (iii), we get dx = y
equations are solved by substituting v = or
b2 z + c2 x y and
then seperating the variables.
dz b2 (l z + c1 ) l b z + b2 c1 + a2 z + a2 c2
or, = + a2 = 2
dx z + c2 z + c2 Illustration 7 :
or,
z + c2 dy y(2y - x)
dx = dz , where x and z are Solve = ...(i)
(l b2 + a2 ) z + b2 c1 + a2 c2 dx x(2y + x)
seperated
Sol. Since each of the functions y(2y – x) and x(2y + x) is a
Integrating, we get homogeneous function of degree 2, so the given equation
z + c2 is a homogeneous differential equation.

x+c = ò dz where z = a2x + b2y
(l b2 + a2 ) z + b2 c1 + a2 c2 \ Putting y = vx
dy dv
6. HOMOGENEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Differentiating w.r.t x, we get =v+x
dx dx
A function f(x, y) is called homogeneous function of From (i),
degree n if
f(lx, ly) = ln f(x, y) dv vx(2vx - x) v(2v - 1)
v+x = =
For example: dx x(2vx + x) 2v + 1
(a) f(x, y) = x2y2 – xy3 is a homogeneous function of degree
four, since dv dx
Þ 2dv + +2 =0
f(lx, ly) = (l2 x2) (l2 y2) – (lx) (l3 y3)
v x
= l4 (x2y2 – xy3) Integrating, we get
= l4 f(x, y) 2v + log v + log x2 = log k or, xy = ke-2y / x
2 x/ y x3 æyö 6.1 Differential equation reducible to homogeneous forms:

(b) f(x, y) = x e + + y 2 log ç ÷ is a homogeneous
y èxø
function of degree two, since dy ax + by + c a b
Equation of the form = where ¹
dx a ¢x + b¢y + c¢ a ¢ b¢
can be reduced to homogeneous form by changing the
l3 x 3 æ ly ö
f (lx, ly) = (l 2 x 2 ) e lx / ly + + (l 2 y 2 ) log ç ÷ variables x, y to x ¢, y¢ by equations x = x ¢ + h and
ly è lx ø
y = y¢ + k where h and k are constants to be chosen so
3
é x æ y öù as to make the given equation homogeneous, we have
= l 2 ê x 2 e x / y + + y 2 log ç ÷ ú
ë y è x øû dx = dx ¢ and dy = dy¢
= l 2 f (x, y) \ The given equation becomes
dy¢ a(x ¢ + h) + b(y¢ + k) + c

dy =
A differential equation of the form = f ( x, y ) , where dx ¢ a ¢(x ¢ + h) + b¢(y¢ + k) + c¢
dx
f(x, y) is a homogoneous polynomial of degree zero is
116
ax ¢ + by¢ + (ah + bk + c) NOTES :

=
a ¢x ¢ + b¢y¢ + (a ¢ h + b¢ k + c¢)
We remember the solution of the above equation as
Now, we choose h and k so that
y (I.F) = ò Q (I.F) dx + c
ah + bk + c = 0
and a ¢ h + b¢ k + c¢ = 0 Illustration 8 :
From these equation we get the values of of h and k in

terms of the coefficients. dy
Solve 2x = y + 6x 5 / 2 - 2 x
Then the given equation reduces to dx
Sol. The given equation can be written as
dy¢ ax ¢ + by¢
=
dx ¢ a ¢x ¢ + b¢y¢ dy æ -1 ö 1
+ ç ÷ y = 3x 3/ 2 - ...(i)
dx è 2x ø x
Which is the homogeneous form.
7. LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION dy

This is the form of + Py = Q
dx
A differential equation is said to be linear if the
dependent variable y and its derivative occur in the first 1
ò
-1
dx - log x
2
1
degree. Hence I.F = e 2 x = e = ...(ii)
x
dy
An equation of the form +Py =Q ...(i)
dx 3 5/ 2
From (i) and (ii), we get y = x - x log x + c x
where P and Q are functions of x only or constant is called
2
a linear equation of the first order 7.1 Differential equation reducible to the linear form:
dx Sometimes equations which are not linear can be reduced
Similarly + P x = Q is a linear differential equation
dy to the linear form by suitable transformation.
where P and Q are functions of y only. To get the general
dy
solution of the above equations we shall determine a Here, f ¢ ( y) + f ( y ) P ( x ) = Q ( x) ...(i)
dx
function R of x called Integrating function (I.F). We shall
multiply both sides of the given equation by R Let, f(y) = u Þ f ¢ ( y ) dy = du
\ where, R = e ò
P dx
...(ii) Then (i) reduces to
= I.F
From (i) and (ii), we get du
+ u P ( x ) = Q ( x ) Which is of the linear differential
dx
dy
eò + P y e ò = Q.e ò
P dx P dx P dx
. or, equation form.
dx
Illustration 9:
d æ ye ò P dx ö = Q.e ò P dx
ç ÷ 2
dx è ø Solve sec q dq + tan q (1 - r tan q ) dr = 0
Integrating, we get Sol. The given equation can be written as
yeò
P dx
= ò Q.e ò
P dx
dx + c is the required solution. dq tan q r tan 2 q
+ 2
=
dr sec q sec2 q
117
æ sec 2 q ö dq 1 1 dy -1 dv
ç ÷ + =r or, =
or, 2 y n dx n - 1 dx
è tan q ø dr tan q
the equation becomes
2 dq
or, cos ec q + cot q = r ...(i)
dr dv
+ (1 - n) Pv = Q (1 - n)
dx
Let cot q = u
Which is a linear equation with v as independent variable.
Þ - cos ec 2q dq = du
8. EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Then (i) reduces to
A differential equation is said to be exact if it can be
du du
- +u = r or, - u = -r ...(ii) derived from its solution (primitive) directly by
dr dr
differentiation, without any elimination, multiplication etc.
Which is a linear differential equation.
For example, the differential equation x dy + y dx = 0 is an
I . F = eò
-1 dr
So, = e- r ...(iii)
exact differential equation as it is derived by direct
Form (ii) and (iii), we get differentiation for its solution, the function xy = c
u e - r = - ò re - r dr = re - r + ò e - r dr , by parts Illustration 10 :
= re- r - e - r + c or u = r - 1 + cer Solve (1 + xy) y dx + (1 – xy) x dy = 0

cot q = r - 1 + ce r Sol. The given equation can be written as
7.2 Extended form of linear equations : y dx + xy2 dx + x dy – x2y dy = 0
Bernoulli’s equation:
or, (y dx + x dy) + xy (y dx – x dy) = 0
dy or, d (xy) + xy (y dx – x dy) = 0

An equation of the form + P y = Q y n , where P and
dx Dividing by x2y2, we get
Q are function of x alone or constants and n is constant,
other than 0 and 1, is called a Bernoulli’s equation. d ( xy) y dx - x dy
+ =0 or,
x2 y2 xy
dy
Here + P y = Q yn
dx
Dividing by yn, we get d ( xy) dx dy
+ - =0
x2 y2 x y
1 dy 1
n
+ P . n -1 = Q
y dx y Integrating, we get
1
Putting = v and differentiating w.r.t x, 1
y n -1 - + log x - log y = c
xy
(n - 1) dy dv
we get - = Which is the required solution.
y n dx dx
118
9. APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS PG y

From D PGN cos q = =
PN PN
In solving some geometrical problems, the following
results are very helpful. Þ PN = y secq (length of the normal)
2
æ dy ö
= y 1 + tan q = y 1 + ç ÷
2
è dx ø
GN
tan q =
y
dy
Þ GN = y tan q = y (length of the sub normal)
dx
Let PT and PN be the tangent and the normal at P(x, y).
Let the tangent at P makes an angle q with the x-axis. Illustration 11 :
æ dy ö If the length of the sub-normal at any point P on the

Then the slope of the tangent at P = tan q = ç ÷ and
è dx ø P curve is directly proportional to OP2, where O is
the origin, then form the differential equation of the family
1 of curves and hence find the family of curves.
the slope of the normal at P = - .
dy
æ ö
ç ÷ dy
è dx ø p Sol. Here AB = y tanq = y
dx
Equation of the tangent at P(x, y) is
æ dy ö
Y - y = ç ÷ ( X - x)
è dx ø P
Equation of the normal at P(x, y) is
1
Y-y=- ( X - x)
æ dy ö
ç dx ÷
è øP
PG y Also OP2 = x2 + y2
From D PGT sin q = =
PT PT Given, length of the subnormal = k. OP2
\ PT = y cosecq (lenght of the tangent) dy
or, y = k ( x2 + y2 )
dx
2
æ dy ö
1+ ç ÷
2
1 + tan q è dx ø dy
=y =y or, 2y - 2ky 2 = 2 kx 2 ...(i)
tan q dy dx
dx
dy dt
Let y2 = t Þ 2 y = ...(ii)
dx dx
PG y
And, tan q = =
TG TG dt
From (i) and (ii), we get - 2kt = 2kx 2
dx
y
Þ TG = y cotq (length of the sub tangent) = Which is a linear differential equation.
dy
dx
119
I . F = eò
-2 k dx dy dy
\ = e -2 kx Integrating, = ò f ( x )dx + c1 i.e. = F ( x ) + c1 ... (ii)
dx dx
\ The solution is
Where F ( x) = ò f ( x) dx
t . e -2 kx = ò 2 kx 2 e -2 kx dx + c
From (ii), dy = ò F ( x ) dx + c1dx
é e-2 kx 2 ù
= 2k ê x 2 + òx e
-2 kx
dx ú
ë -2 k 2 k û Integrating, y = ò F ( x) dx + c1 x + c2
é e -2 kx 1 ì e-2 kx 1 üù \ y = H(x) + c1x + c2

= 2k ê x 2 + íx + ò e -2 kx dx ýú
ëê -2k k î -2k 2k þúû where H ( x ) = ò F ( x ) dx c1 and c2 are arbitrary constants.
x e -2 kx 1 e -2 kx
= - x 2 e-2 kx - - + c or,, 10.2 Particular solution type problems
k k 2k
To solve such a problem, we proceed according to the
x 1
y2 = - x2 - - 2 + c e 2 kx type of the problem (i.e. variable - separable, linear, exact,
k 2k homogeneous etc.) and then we apply the given
conditions to find the particular values of the arbitrary
10. MISCELLANEOUS constants.
10.1 A special type of second order differential equation
d2 y
= f ( x) ..... (1)
dx2
Equation (1) may be re-written as
d æ dy ö æ dy ö
= f ( x) Þ d ç ÷ = f ( x) dx
dx çè dx ÷ø è dx ø
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 120
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Find the order and degree of the differential equation The differential equation for the family of curves
2/3
x2 + y2 –2ay = 0, where a is an arbitrary constant, is
é æ dy ö 2 ù d2 y
ê4 + ç ÷ ú = (a) 2 (x2 – y2) y’ = xy (b) 2(x2 + y2) y’ = xy
êë è dx ø úû dx 2
(c) (x2 – y2) y’ = 2xy (d) (x2 + y2) y’ = 2xy
Sol. Here power on the differential coefficient is fractional, Ans: (c)
therefore change it into positive integer, so
Sol: Given family of curve is x2 + y 2 - 2ay = 0 ...(i)
2/3
é æ dy ö 2 ù d2 y
ê4 + ç ÷ ú = x2 + y 2
êë è dx ø úû dx 2 Þ 2a =
y
2
é æ dy ö 2 ù éd2y ù
3 Also from (i), 2 x + 2 yy¢ - 2ay ¢ = 0
Þ ê4 + ç ÷ ú = ê 2 ú
êë è dx ø úû ë dx û
æ x2 + y 2 ö
Þ 2 x + 2 yy ¢ - ç ÷ y¢ = 0
Hence order is 2 and degree is 3. è y ø
Example – 2
æ 2 y2 - x2 - y2 ö 2 2
Þ 2 x + y¢ ç ÷ = 0 Þ y ¢ x - y = 2 xy
Find the degree of the differential equation è y ø
d2 y dy
2
- -3 = x Example – 4
dx dx
If the differential equation representing the family of all
d2y dy circles touching x-axis at the origin is
Sol. 2
- -3 = x
dx dx
dy
x 2 - y2 = g(x) y, then g(x) equals:
dx
d2y dy
Þ -x= -3
dx 2 dx 1
(a) x (b) 2x2
Squaring both sides, we get 2
2 1 2
æ d2 y ö æ dy ö (c) 2x (d) x
ç 2 - x ÷ = ç - 3÷ 2
è dx ø è dx ø
Ans: (c)
2
æ d2 y ö 2 d 2 y dy
Þ ç 2÷ + x - 2x = -3 .
è dx ø dx 2 dx
Clearly, degree = 2.
Example – 5
Find the differential equation for all the straight lines

which are at a unit distance from the origin
Sol. Since the equation of lines whose distance from origin is
unit, is given by x cos a + y sin a = 1 ... (i)
Sol:
dy
Differentiate w.r.t. x, we get cos a + sin a = 0 ... (ii)
dx
Center of circle = 0, α On eliminating the ‘a’ with the help of (i) and (ii) i.e.,
(i) –(x × (ii))
and radius = |a|
Equation of circle : æ dy ö æ dy ö
Þ sin a ç y - x ÷ = 1Þ ç y - x ÷ = cosec a ... (iii)
è dx ø è dx ø
2 2 2
x + ( y -a ) = a
2
dy æ dy ö
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2a y = 0 ....(1) Also (ii) Þ = - cot a Þ ç ÷ = cot 2 a ... (iv)
dx è dx ø
Differentiate w.r.t.x
2 2
æ dy ö æ dy ö
dy dy Therefore by (iii) and (iv), 1 + ç ÷ = ç y - x ÷ .
2x + 2 y - 2a =0 è dx ø è dx ø
dx dx
Example – 6
dy
x+ y Form the differential equation represented by family of
Þa = dx
dy curves y = ex (A cos x + B sin x).
dx Sol. Given y = ex A cos x + ex B sin x
put in (1) dy
= Ae x cos x – Aex sin x + Bex sin x + Bex cos x
dx
æ dy ö dy
2 2
ç x + y dx ÷ = (A + B) ex cos x + (B – A)ex sin x
x + y - 2y ç ÷=0 dx
çç dy ÷÷
è dx ø
d2 y
= (A + B)ex cos x – ex sin x (A + B) +
dx 2
dy dy
Þ x2 + y 2 - 2 xy - 2 y 2 =0 (B – A)ex sin x + (B – A)ex cos x
dx dx
d2 y
dy = 2 Be x cos x - 2Ae x sin x.
Þ x2 - y 2 = 2 xy dx 2
dx
d2 y dy
Þ g ( x) = 2 x Hence = 2 - 2y .
2
dx dx
Find the solution of the differential equation Find the solution of the differential equation
(sin x + cos x) dy + (cos x – sin x) dx = 0
(1 + x2) (1 + y) dy + (1 + x) (1 + y2) dx = 0
dy cos x - sin x æ cos x - sin x ö Sol. Given equation (1 + x2) (1 + y)dy + (1 + x) (1 + y2) dx=0
Sol. =- Þ dy = - ç ÷ dx
dx sin x + cos x è sin x + cos x ø
(1 + y) (1 + x)
Þ dy = - dx
On integrating both sides, we get (1 + y 2 ) (1 + x 2 )
Þ y = –log (sin x + cos x) + log c
é 1 y ù é 1 x ù
æ c ö y Þ ò êë1 + y + ú dy + ò ê + 2 ú
dx + c = 0
Þ y = log ç ÷ Þ e (sin x + cos x) = c.
2
1 + y2 û 2
ë1 + x 1 + x û
è sin x + cos x ø
Example – 8 1 1
Þ tan -1 y + log (1 + y 2 ) + tan -1 x + log (1 + x 2 ) = c .
2 2
dy
Find the solution of differential equation x + y = y2 Example – 11
dx
Find the solution of the differential equation

dy dy
Sol. x + y = y2 Þ x = y2 - y
dx dx dy
a+x + xy = 0 is
dx
dy dx é 1 1ù dx
Þ 2
= Þê - ú dy =
y -y x ë y -1 y û x dy xy dy - xdx
Sol. Given + =0Þ =
dx a+x y a+x
On integrating, we get
log (y – 1) – log y = log x + log c
dy -x
Integrating both sides, ò = dx
y ò x +a
y -1
Þ = xc Þ y = 1 + cxy .
y
x +a -a a
log y = - ò dx = - ò x + a dx + ò dx
Example – 9 x +a x+a
3
dy 1 - y2 2
Find the solution of the equation + =0 Þ log y = - x+a 2 + 2a x + a + log A
dx 1- x2 3
dy 1 - y2 dy dx æ - ( x + a) ö
Sol. + = 0Þ ò = -ò = 2 x+a ç + a ÷ + log A
dx 1- x 2
1- y 2
1- x2 è 3 ø
Þ sin–1 y = – sin–1x + sin–1c æ 2a - x ö

= 2 x+a ç ÷ + log A
è 3 ø
Þ sin -1 éê x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 ùú = sin -1 c
ë û
[2 / 3 x + a (2a - x )]
Þ y = Ae .
2 2
Þ x 1- y + y 1- x = c
Find the solution of (x + y – 1)dx + (2x + 2y – 3)dy = 0

dy x + y
Find the solution of the equation =
dy æ x + y -1 ö dx x - y
Sol. Given equation is = -ç ÷
dx è 2x + 2y - 3 ø
dy x + y
Sol. Given equation, =
dy dt dx x - y
Put x + y = t Þ = -1
dx dx
It is a homogeneous equation as f l x, l y = f x, y so
dt 1- t dt t -2 putting y = vx
\ -1 = Þ =
dx 2t - 3 dx 2t - 3
dy dv
Þ = v + x , we get
2t - 3 dx dx
Þ dt = dx.
t-2
dv x + vx 1 + v
Integrating both sides, we get v+x = =
dx x - vx 1 - v
2t - 4 3- 4
ò dt - ò dt = ò 1dx dv 1 + v 2
t-2 t-2 Þ x =
dx 1 - v
Þ 2t + log (t – 2) = x + c
Substituting t = x + y, we get, 1 æ 1 v ö
Þ dx = ç 2
- 2 ÷
dv
Þ 2(x + y) + log (x + y – 2) = x + c x è 1 + v 1+ v ø
Þ 2y + x + log (x + y – 2) = c.
1
Þ log e x = tan -1 v - log (1 + v 2 ) - log e c
Example – 13 2
Find the solution of the differential equation y

Substituting v = , we get
dy x
(x + y)2 = a2
dx
y 1 é æ y ö2 ù
log e x = tan -1 - log ê1 + ç ÷ ú - log e c
dy dv dy dv x 2
Sol. Put x + y = v Þ 1 + = Þ = -1 ëê è x ø ûú
dx dx dx dx
tan -1 ( y / x)
Þ c(x2 + y2)1/2 = e .
æ dv ö
\ v2 ç - 1÷ = a 2
è dx ø Example – 15
dv a 2 a 2 + v2 v2 Find the solution of the differential equation

Þ = 2 +1 = Þ 2 dv = dx
2
dx v v a + v2 dy
x+y = 2y is
dx
æ a2 ö -1 v
Þ ç1 - 2 2 ÷ dv = dx Þ v - a tan = x+c
dy x dy
è a +v ø a Sol. Given x + y = 2y Þ + =2
dx y dx
Substituting v = x + y, we get,
dy dv
æx+yö Put y = vx Þ = v+x
Þ y = a tan -1 ç ÷+c dx dx
è a ø
1 dv dv 2v - 1
\ +v+x = 2Þ v + x. =
v dx dx v
Integrating both sides,

v dx v -1+ 1 dx
Þ dv = - Þ dv = -
(v - 1) 2 x (v - 1) 2 x log X = log t -1/ 2 + log c
\ X = t–1/2 c Þ X = (v2 – v + 1)–1/2 . c

é 1 1 ù dx
ê + 2 ú
dv = - X2 (v2 – v + 1) = constant
ë (v - 1) (v - 1) û x
Y y +1
Integrating both sides, Plugging X = x + 1, v = = , we get
X x +1
1
Þ log ( v - 1) - = - log x + c æ (y + 1)2 (y + 1) ö
v -1 (x + 1) 2 ç - + 1÷ = constant
2
è (x + 1) x +1 ø
y Þ log ( y - x) = x + c
Substituting v = y-x
(y + 1)2 – (y + 1) (x + 1) + (x + 1)2 = constant
x
y2 + x2 – xy + x + y = c.
Example – 16
Example – 17
Find the general solution of the differential equation
dy -1
(2x – y + 1)dx + (2y – x + 1)dy = 0 Solve the differential equation (1 + x2) + y = e tan x .
dx
Sol. (2x – y + 1)dx + (2y – x + 1)dy = 0
dy 2x - y + 1 dy -1
Sol. Given differential equation is (1 + x 2 ) + y = e tan x
= , put x = X + h, y = Y + k dx
dx x - 2y - 1
Dividing throughout by 1 + x2, we get
dY 2X - Y + 2h - k + 1
= dy 1 1 tan -1 x
dX X - 2Y + h - 2k - 1 + y= e ,
2
dx 1 + x 1+ x2
Put 2h – k + 1 = 0 and h – 2k – 1 = 0
On solving h = –1, k = –1; dy
which is of the form + Py = Q .
So, X = x + 1, Y = y + 1 dx
dY 2X - Y 1 1 -1
\ = Here, P = and Q = e tan x .
dX X - 2Y 1+ x2 1+ x2
So, the given differential equation is linear in y.
dY dv
Put Y = vX; Þ = v+X 1
dX dX ò 1+ x 2 dx -1 x
I .F . = e ò
P dx
=e = e tan
dv 2X - vX 2 - v
v+X = = -1
dX X - 2vX 1 - 2v -1 x -1 x e tan x
\ Solution is given by ye tan = ò e tan . dx + C
1+ x2
dv 2 - 2v + 2v 2 2 (v 2 - v + 1)
X = = 1
dX 1 - 2v 1 - 2v On R.H.S., substitute tan -1 x = t Þ dx = dt
1+ x2
dX (1 - 2v) -1 x
\ = dv So, we obtain ye tan = ò e t e t dt + C
X 2(v 2 - v + 1)
Put v2 – v + 1 = t Þ (2v – 1) dv = dt -1 x
Þ ye tan = ò e 2t dt + C
dX dt
\ =-
X 2t -1 x e 2t
Þ ye tan = +C
2
The given equation becomes

-1 x 1 2 tan -1 x
Þ ye tan = e +C
2 1 æ dz ö 1 dz 5
- ç ÷ + z = x 2 or - z = -5x 2 ,
5 è dx ø x dx x
1 tan -1 x -1
or y= e + Ce - tan x , C being an arbitrary constant.
2
5
which is linear in z with P = - and Q = –5x2.
Example – 18 x
5
ò - x dx
I.F. = e ò
P dx
dy =e = e-5 log x = (elog x )-5 = x -5
Solve - 2 y cos x = –2 sin 2 x.
dx
Hence, the solution of the transformed equation is given
by
dy
Sol. Given - 2 cos x . y = – 2 sin 2x. ... (1)
dx zx -5 = ò x -5 (-5x 2 )dx + C or
It is a linear in y with ‘P’ = –2 cos x and ‘Q’ = –2 sin 2x.
y–5 x–5 = –5 òx
-3
dx + C Q z = y -5
æ ò Pdx ö
I.F. = e ò = e -2 sin x , çèQ I.F. = e
- 2cos x dx
÷
ø
1 æ x -2 ö
or 5
= -5 ç ÷+C
\ Solution of (1) is (xy) è -2 ø
y.e -2 sin x = ò - 2 sin 2x.e -2 sin x dx + C
1 5 3
or = x + Cx 5 ,
-2 sin x y5 2
= –4 òe sin x cos x dx + C,
which is the required solution of the given differential
1 equation.
On R.H.S. put – 2 sin x = t Þ cos x dx = - dt
2
Example – 20
æ t öæ 1 ö
\ ye-2 sin x = -4 ò e t ç - ÷ ç - dt ÷ + C Solve the differential equation
è 2øè 2 ø
dy
sec 2 y + 2x tan y = x 3
= - ò t e t dt + C = - te t - ò 1.e t dt + C dx
= – (tet – et) + C = – (–2 sin x – 1) e–2 sin x + C dy

Sol. Given sec 2 y . + 2x tan y = x 3 ... (1)
Þ y = 2 sin x + 1 + C . e2 sin x. dx
Example – 19
dy dz
Put tan y = z Þ sec 2 y = ,
dx dx
dy 1
Solve the equation + y = x 2 y6 , x > 0
dx x dz
\ (1) becomes + 2x.z = x 3 ... (2)
dx
dy 1
Sol. Given equation is + y = x 2 y6 , which is linear in z with ‘P’ = 2x.
dx x
2
I.F. = e ò
2xdx
dividing throughout by y6, = ex ,
dy 1 -5 \ solution of (2) is given by

we get y -6 + y = x 2 ... (1)
dx x 2 2
ze x = ò x 3 .e x dx + C ,
–5
Substitute y = z
dy dz dy 1 dz æ 2 1 ö
Þ - 5 y -6 = Þ y -6 =- ç put x = t Þ x dx = 2 dt ÷
dx dx dx 5 dx è ø
Example – 23
t1 1 t
= ò t.e . dt + C = te - ò 1.e t dt + C
2 2 Find the equation of a curve passing through the point
(0, –2) given that at any point (x, y) on the curve the
1 t 1 2 product of the slope of its tangent and y coordinate of
= (te - e t ) + C = (x 2 - 1) e x + C the point is equal to the x coordinate of the point.
2 2
dy
1 2
Sol. We are given that y =x ... (1)
\ z = (x 2 - 1) + C.e - x dx
2
Þ y dy = x dx, integrating, we obtain
\ Solution of (1) is tan y =

1 2 2
(x - 1) + Ce - x . y2 x 2
= +C ... (2)
2 2 2
Since (0, –2) lies on this curve, therefore,
Example – 21
( -2) 2 4
Find the solution of (1 + xy)y dx + (1 – xy)x dy = 0 is = 0+CÞ C = = 2
2 2
Sol. ydx + xdy + xy2 dx – x2 ydy = 0
Substituting this value of C in (2), we obtain the required
equation of the curve as
ydx + xdy dx dy
+ - = 0 . On integrating, we get
x 2 y2 x y y2 x2
= +2 or x2 – y2 + 4 = 0.
2 2
d xy dx dy Example – 24
Þ + - =0
x2 y 2 x y
If the slope of the tangent at (x, y) to a curve passing
1 x 1 æ pö y 2 æ yö
Þ- + log x - log y = k Þ log = + k . through ç1, ÷ is given by - cos ç ÷ , then find the
xy y xy è 4ø x èxø
equation of the curve is
Example – 22
dy y æyö
Sol. We have = - cos 2 ç ÷
Find the solution of ye–x/y dx – (xe–x/y + y3) dy = 0 dx x èxø
Sol. ye–x/y dx – (xe–x/y + y3) dy = 0 dy dv

Putting y = vx so that = v + x , we get
dx dx
-x / y (ydx - xdy)
e–x/y (ydx – xdy) = y3 dy Þ e = ydy
y2 dv
v+x = v - cos 2 v
dx
æxö
Þ e - x / y d ç ÷ = ydy . dv dx
èyø Þ =-
cos 2 v x
Integrating both sides, we get On integrating, we get
tan v = – log x + log c
y2
k - e- x/ y =
2 æyö
Þ tan ç ÷ = - log x + log c
èxø
y2
Þ + e- x / y = k
2
Example – 26
æ pö
This passes through ç1, ÷ , therefore 1 = log c
è 4ø In a bank principal increases at the rate of 5% per year.
or log c = log e An amount of Rs 1000 is deposited with this bank, how
much will it be worth after 10 years (e0.5 = 1.648).
æ yö é æ e öù
Þ tan ç ÷ = - log x + log e Þ y = x tan -1 êlog ç ÷ ú .
èxø ë è x øû dP 5
Sol. We are given that = P
dt 100
Example – 25
where Rs P is the amount at the end of t years.
The population p(t) at time t of a certain mouse species
dp t dP 1
satisfies the differential equation = 0.5 p(t) – 450. If Þ = dt
dt P 20
p(0) = 850, then the time at which the population becomes
zero is dP 1
ò = dt + C
P ò 20
Þ
(a) 2 log 18 (b) log 9
1
(c) log 18 (d) log 18 1
2 Þ log P = t+C ... (1)
20
Ans: (a)
When t = 0, P = 1000
dp (t ) 1
Sol: = p (t ) - 450
dt 2 Þ log 1000 = C ... (2)
From (1) and (2), we obtain
dp (t ) P(t ) - 900
=
dt 2 1
log P = t + log 1000
20
d ( p (t ))
\ 2ò = dt
p(t ) - 900 ò
æ P ö 1
Þ log ç ÷= t
\ 2ln p(t ) - 900 = t + c è 1000 ø 20
putting t = 0 When t = 10, then

Þ 2 ln 50 = c
P 1
log = ´10
\ 2ln p(t ) - 900 = t + 2ln 50 1000 20
p(t ) = 0
P
Þ = e1/ 2 = 1.648
Þ 2ln900 = t + 2ln 50 1000
t = 2(ln 900 - ln 50)

Þ P = 1000 × 1.648
æ 900 ö Þ P = 1648.
Þ t = 2 ln ç ÷
è 50 ø
Þ t Þ 2 ln18
If the general solution of the differential equation

d2 y
Solve the differential equation = x + sin x given
y æxö dx 2
y¢ = + F ç ÷ , for some function F , is given by
x èyø
dy
that y = 0, = -1 when x = 0.
y ln |cx| = x, where c is an arbitrary constnat, then F (2) is dx
equal to
d2 y
Sol. Given equation is = x + sin x ... (1)
1 dx 2
(a) 4 (b)
4
Integrating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
1
(c) -4 (d) - dy x 2
4 = - cos x + C1 ... (2)
dx 2
Ans: (d)
dy
Sol: Given y ln | cx |= x .....(1) when x = 0, = -1, therefore
dx
differentiate w.r.t.x
–1 = 0 – cos 0 + C1 Þ C1 = 0
y dy Substituting this value of C1 in (2), we get
× c + ln | cx | =1
cx dx
dy x 2
= - cos x ... (3)
y x dy dx 2
Þ + =1
x y dx
Again integrating w.r.t.x, we have
Þ
x dy
= 1-
y x3
y= - sin x + C2 ... (4)
y dx x 6
2
when x = 0, y = 0, therefore 0 = 0 – 0 + C2 Þ C2 = 0
dy y æ y ö
Þ = -ç ÷ ... (i) Substituting this value of C2 in (4), we get
dx x è x ø
Comparing (i) with x3

y= - sin x, which is the required solution.
6
dy y æ xö
= +f ç ÷
dx x è yø
æxö 1
Þfç ÷ = - 2
è yø æ xö
ç ÷
è yø
1
f (2) = -
4
Teacher’s Note:
Mathematics is the most beautiful and most powerful creation of
human being, you love mathematics and it will open the doors to
success and happiness in your life.


Order and Degree Formation of Differential Equations
1. The order and degree of the following differential equation 5. The degree of the differential equation satisfying the
æ d 2s ö
2 3 relation 1 + x 2 + 1 + y2 = l x 1 + y2 - y 1 + x 2 is
æ ds ö
çç 2 ÷÷ + 3 ç ÷ + 4 = 0 are
è dt ø è dt ø 6. The differential equation which represents the family of
c x
(a) 2, 2 (b) 2, 3 curves y = c1e 2 , where c1 and c2 are arbitrary constants
(c) 3, 2 (d) none of these is
2. The degree of the differential equation (a) y’ = y2 (b) y’’ = y’ y

(c) yy’’ = y’ (d) yy’’ = (y’)2
2
æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö 2 æ d2y ö 7. The differential equation of all circles passing through the
çç 2 ÷÷ + ç ÷ = x sin çç 2 ÷÷ is origin and having their centres on the x-axis is
è dx ø è dx ø è dx ø
2 2 dy 2 2 dy
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) x = y + xy (b) x = y + 3xy
dx dx
3. The degree of the differential equation 2 2 dy 2 2 dy
(c) y = x + 2 xy (d) y = x - 2 xy
dx dx
2/ 3
æ d3 y ö d2 y dy 8. The sum of order and degree of the differential equation
çç 3 ÷÷ + 4-3 2
+ 5 = 0 is
è dx ø dx dx
representing the family of curves y 2 = 2c(x + c), where
4. Which of the following differential equations has the c > 0, is a parameter, is

same order and degree- 9. The sum of the degree and order of the differential equation
of the family of all parabolas whose axis is x-axis, is.
6
d4 y æ dy ö 10. The differential equation of all non-vertical lines in a plane is
(a) 4 + 8 ç ÷ + 5y = ex
dx è dx ø
d2 y d2 x
(a) =0 (b) =0
dx 2 dy 2
4 2
æ d3 y ö æ dy ö dy dx
(b) 5 ç 3 ÷ + 8 ç1 + ÷ + 5y = x8 (c) =0 (d) =0
è dx ø è dx ø dx dy
11. The degree of the differential equation corresponding to

the family of curves y = a (x + a)2, where a is an arbitrary
2/3
é æ dy ö3 ù d3 y constant, is
(c) ê1 + ç ÷ ú =4
êë è dx ø úû dx 3 (a) 1 (b) 2
12. Form the differential equation representing the family of
2 curves y = A cos 2x + B sin 2x, where A and B are constants.
dy æ dy ö
(d) y = x2 + 1+ ç ÷
dx è dx ø d2y d2y
(a) + 4y = 0 (b) - 4y = 0
dx 2 dx 2
dy dy
(c) y. + 4x = 0 (d) + 4x = 0
dx dx
-1
13. The differential equation from y = kesin x
+ 3 is dy 1 + x y
18. The solution of the equation = is :
dx y -1 x
2 dy 2 dy
(a) 1 - x = y+3 (b) 1 - x = y-3
dx dx æxö
(a) log xy + x + y = c (d) log ç ÷ + x – y = c
èyø
2 dy
(c) 1 + x = y +3 (d) none of these (c) log xy + x – y = c (d) none of these
dx
dy ax + 3
Variable Separable Method 19. If the solution of the differential equation =
dx 2y + f
14. The general solution of the differential equation represents a circle, then the value of ‘–a’ is
(1 + y2) dx + (1 + x2) dy = 0 is 20. The solution of the differential equation
(a) x – y = C (1 – xy) (b) x – y = C (1 + xy) cos y log (sec x + tan x) dx =

cos x log (sec y + tan y ) dy is
(c) x + y = C (1 – xy) (d) x + y = C (1 + xy)
(a) sec2 x + sec2 y = c (b) sec x + sec y = c
2
dy 1 + x (c) sec x – sec y = c (d) None of these
15. The solution of the differential equation + =0
dx x
dy e x (sin 2 x + sin 2x)
is 21. The solution of = is-
dx y (2 log y + 1)
1 -1 x2 (a) y2 (log y) – ex sin2 x + c = 0

(a) y = - tan x + c (b) y + log x + +c=0
2 2 (b) y2 (log y) – ex cos2 x + c = 0
(c) y2 (log y) + ex cos2 x + c = 0
1 -1 x2 (d) None of these
(c) y = tan x + c (d) y - log x - =c
2 2
22. The solution of (cosec x log y)dy + (x2y)dx=0 is -
16. The general solution of the differential equation
log y
(a) + (2 – x2) cos x + 2 sin x = c
dy 2
e x + e- x = ex - e - x is
dx
2
æ log y ö
x –x
(a) y = log |e + e | + c x –x
(b) y = log |e – e | – c (b) ç ÷ + (2 – x2) cos x + 2x sin x = c
è 2 ø
x –x
(c) y = – log |e – e | + c (d) none of these
(log y) 2
dy (c) + (2 – x2) cos x + 2x sin x=c
17. The solution of = 1 +x + y + xy is 2
dx
(d) None of these
23. The solution of the differential equation
x3
(a) log (1 – y) = x + +C
2 dy (1 + y 2 )(1 + x + x 2 )
xy = is -
dx (1 + x 2 )
x2
(b) log (1 + y) = x + +C 1
2 (a) log (1 + y2) = log x – tan–1 x + c
2
x2 1
(c) log (1 + y) = x – –C (b) log (1 + y2) = log x + tan–1x + c
2 2
(d) none of these (c) log (1 + y2) = log x – tan–1x + c
(d) log (1 + y2) = log x + tan–1 x + c
24. The solution of 29. The solution of differential equation

x2 y dx – (x3 + y3) dy = 0 is
(x 1 + y 2 )dx + (y 1 + x 2 )dy = 0 is -
1 x3 1 x3
(a) 1 + x 2 + 1 + y2 = c (a) + log y = C (b) - log y = C
3 y3 3 y3
(b) 1 + x 2 - 1 + y2 = c
x3
(c) (1 + x2)3/2 + (1 + y2)3/2 = c (c) 3 + log y = -C (d) none of these
y
(d) None of these
25. The Solution of the equation dy x + 2y - 3
30. The solution of Differential equation = is
dx 2x + y - 3
(1– x2) dy + xy dx = xy2 dx is-
(a) (y – 1)2 (1 – x2) = 0
1/2 1/ 2
(b) (y – 1)2 (1 – x2) = c2 y2 æ y -1ö æ y -1ö
(x -1) ç1+ ÷ ç1 + ÷
(c) (y – 1)2 (1 + x2) = c2 y2 è x -1ø è x -1 ø
(a) =C (b) 3/ 2
=C
3/2
æ y -1ö æ y -1ö
(d) None of these ç1- ÷ ç1 - ÷
è x -1ø è x -1ø
dy
26. The solution of differential equation = sec (x + y) is
dx
1/2
æ y -1ö
x+y x+y ç1+ ÷
(a) y - tan =c (b) y + tan =c è x -1ø =C
2 2 (c) 3/2 (d) none of these
æ y -1ö
(x -1) ç1- ÷
x+y è x -1ø
(c) y + 2 tan =c (d) none of these
2
Linear Differential Equation
Homogeneous Differential Equation
31. The solution of differential equation
dy 1
dy x + y (x2 –1) + 2 xy = 2 is
= dx x -1
dx x
satisfying the condition y (1) = 1 is 2 1 x -1

(a) y x - 1 = log +C
(a) y = x log x + x (b) y = log x + x 2 x +1
2
(c) y = x log x + x (d) y = xe(x – 1)
2 1 x -1
(b) y x + 1 = log -C
dy 2 x +1
28. If x = y (log y – log x + 1), then the solution of the
dx
equation is 2 5 x -1
(c) y x - 1 = log +C
2 x +1
æxö æ yö
(a) log ç ÷ = cy (b) log ç ÷ = cx (d) none of these
èyø èxø
dy
32. If + y tan x = sin 2x and y(0) = 1 and y( p) is equal to k.
æyö æxö dx
(c) x log ç ÷ = cy (d) y log ç ÷ = cx
èxø èyø Then the value of –k is
33. The general solution of the differential equation, 38. The integrating factor of the differentiable equation
æ dy ö dy
sin 2x ç - tan x ÷ - y = 0, is: (xy – 1) + y 2 = 0 is
è dx ø dx
1
(a) y tan x = x + c (b) y cot x = tan x + c (a) y (b)
y
(c) y tan x = cot x + c (d) y cot x = x + c

1
(c) (d) xy
34. If f (x) is a differentiable function, then the solution of the xy
differential equation
39. If sin x is an integrating factor of the differential equation
dy + yf ' x - f x f ' x dx = 0 is dy
+ Py = Q, then P can be
dx
-f x 2
(a) y = f x - 1 + ce (b) yf x = f x +c (a) log sin x (b) cot x
(c) sin x (d) log cos x
(c) yef x = f x ef x + c (d) none of these
40. The solution of differential equation
æ 1ö dy
35. Consider the differential equation y 2 dx + ç x - ÷ dy = 0 . – y tan x = – y2 sec x is :
yø dx
è
If y (1) = 1, then x is given by (a) y–1 sec x = cot x + c (b) y–1 cos x = tan x + c
(c) y–1 sec x = tan x + c (d) none of these
1/ y 1/ y
1 e 2 e
(a) 1 - + (b) 4 - -
y e y e dy
41. The solution of the equation x 3 + 4x 2 tan y = ex sec y
dx
1 e1/ y 1 e1/ y satisfying y (1) = 0, is

(c) 3 - + (d) 1 + -
y e y e (a) tan y = (x – 2) ex log 3 (b) sin y = ex (x – 1) x–4
36. The solution of the differential equation (c) tan y = (x – 1) ex x–3 (d) sin y = ex (x – 1) x–3
tan -1 y dy
(1 + y 2 ) + (x - e ) = 0, is é 2 xy - x ù dy + y dx = 0 is
dx ë û
-1 y -1 y -1 y
(a) (x - 2) = ce -2 tan (b) 2xe tan = e2 tan +c y x
(a) log x + =c (b) log y – =c
x y
-1 y -1 y -1 y
(c) xe tan = tan -1 y + c (d) xe 2 tan = e tan +c
37. The solution of differential equation x

(c) log y + =c (d) none of these
y
dy
(2x – 10 y3) + y = 0 is : 43. The general solution of the differential equation
dx
y(x2y + ex) dx – ex dy = 0 is
(a) xy2 = y5 + c (b) xy2 + 2y5 = c
(a) x3y – 3ex = cy (b) x3y + 3ex = 3cy
(c) xy2 = 2y5 + c (d) none of these
(c) y3x – 3ey = cx (d) y3x + 3ey = cx
Exact Differentials 49. The curve passing through the point (0, 1) and satisfying
44. Solution of the differential equation  dy 

the equation sin   = a is :
 dx 

cos x dy = y (sin x – y) dx, 0 < x < , is
2  y 1   x 
(a) cos  a (b) cos  a
(a) sec x = (tan x + c) y (b) y sec x = tan x + c
 x   y 1 
(c) y tan x = sec x + c (d) tan x = (sec x + c) y

 y 1   x 
45. The solution of the differential equation (c) sin  a (d) sin  a
 x   y 1 
y dx + (x + x2y) dy = 0 is
50. A curve passes through the point (0, 1) and the gradient at
1 1 (x, y) on it is y (xy – 1). The equation of the curve is
(a)  c (b)   log y  c
xy xy (a) y (x – 1) = 1 (b) y (x + 1) = 1
(c) x (y + 1) = 1 (d) x (y – 1) = 1
1 51. A tangent to the curve y = f (x) cuts the line y = x at a point
(c)  log y  c (d) log y = cx
xy which is at a distance of 1 unit from y–axis. The equation
of the curve is
x 1 x
x  y  (a) c (b) c
dy   2  1 dx is y 1 y
2 2 2
x y x y 
(c) xy = c (d) none of these
52. The equation of the curve for which the tangent at P (x, y)
1 y
(a) y = x cot (c – x) (b) cos   x  c  cuts the y – axis at (0, y3) is
x
(a) xy2 = x + y (b) x2 (y2 –1) = cy2
y2 (c) y (x2 –1) = cx2 (d) yx + x2 = c

(c) y = x tan (c – x) (d)  x tan  c  x 
x2 53. The slope of a curve at any point is the reciprocal of
twice the ordinate at the point and it passes through
Applications of Differential Equation the point (4, 3). The equation of the curve is-
(a) x2 = y + 5 (b) y2 = x – 5
47. Equation of curve through point (1, 0) which satisfies the
differential equation (c) y2 = x + 5 (d) x2 = y – 5
54. The curve in which the portion of the tangent included
(1 + y2) dx – xy dy = 0, is
between the coordinate axes is bisected at the point of
(a) x2 + y2 = 1 (b) x2 – y2 = 1 contact, is
(c) 2x2 + y2 = 2 (d) none of these (a) a parabola (b) an ellipse
(c) a circle (d) a hyperbola
 7
48. The equation of a curve passing through  2,  and 55. The equation of the curve in which subnormal varies as
 2
the square of the ordinate is ( is constant of
1 proportionality)
having gradient 1  at (x, y) is
x2 2 x x
(a) y  c e (b) y  c e
(a) y = x2 + x + 1 (b) xy = x2 + x + 1
y2
(c) xy = x + 1 (d) none of these (c)  x  c (d) y 2   x 2  c
2
56. The slope of the tangent at (x, y) to a curve passing through 60. Water is dropped at the rate of 2 m3/sec into a cone of semi
vertical angle of 45°. The rate at which periphery of water
x 2 + y2
(2, 1) is , then the equation of the curve is surface changes when height of water in the cone is 2
2xy meters is
(a) 2 (x2 – y2) = 3 x (b) 2 (x2 – y2) = 6y (a) 2 m/sec (b) 1 m/sec
2 2
(c) x (x – y ) = 6 2 2
(d) x (x + y ) = 10 (c) 3 m/sec (d) 4 m/sec
57. At present, a firm is manufacturing 2000 items. It is Miscellaneous
estimated that the rate of change of production P with
respect to additional number of workers x is given by
d2 y
dP 61. The solution of the equation = e -2x is
=100 -12 x . If the firm employes 25 more workers, dx 2
dx
then the new level of production of items is 100 k. Then e -2x e -2 x
the value of k is (a) (b) + cx + d
4 4
58. Let the population of rabbits surviving at a time t be
1 -2x 1 -2x
dp (t ) 1 (c) e + cx 2 + d (d) e +c+d
governed by the differential equation = p(t) – 200. 4 4
dt 2
62. A function y = f (x) has a second order derivative
If p (0) = 100, then p (t) equals :
f " (x) = 6 (x – 1). If its graph passes through the point
(a) 400 – 300 e–t/2 (b) 400 – 300 et/2 (2, 1) and at that point the tangent to the graph is
(c) 300–200 e–t/2 (d) 600–500 et/2 y = 3x – 5, then the function is (x + a)b. The value of a + b
59. In a bank, principal increases at the rate of 5% per year. If is
Rs. 1000 doubles itself in k loge 2 years. Then the value of
d2 y
k is 63. The solution of the differential equation x = 1, given
dx 2
dy
that y = 1, = 0, when x = 1, is
dx
(a) y = x log x + x + 2 (b) y = x log x – x + 2
(c) y = x log x + x (d) y = x log x – x

1. Let y(x) be the solution of the differential equation
dy
6. If (2 + sin x) + (y + 1) cos x = 0 and y(0) = 1, then
dy dx
(x log x) + y = 2x log x, (x ³1). Then y(e) is equal to:
dx
æpö
(2015) y ç ÷ is equal to : (2017)
è2ø
(a) 2 (b) 2e
(c) e (d) 0 1 2
(a) (b) -
2. If y(x) is the solution of the differential equation 3 3
dy 1 4
(x + 2) = x2 + 4x – 9, x ¹ –2 and y(0) = 0, then y(– 4) is (c) - (d)
dx 3 3
equal to : (2015/Online Set–1) 7. The curve satisfying the differential equation,
(a) 2 (b) 0 ydx – (x + 3y2) dy = 0 and passing through the point (1, 1),
also passes through the point. (2017/Online Set–1)
(c) –1 (d) 1
3. The solution of the differential equation æ1 1ö æ 1 1ö
(a) ç , - ÷ (b) ç - ,
ydx - (x + 2y 2 )dy = 0 is x = f(y) If f(-1) = 1, then f(1) is è4 2ø è 3 3 ÷ø
equal to : (2015/Online Set–2)
æ1 1ö æ1 1ö
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) ç , - ÷ (d) ç , ÷
è3 3ø è4 2ø
(c) 1 (d) 2
8. Let y = y (x) be the solution of the differential equation
4. If a curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, –1) and
satisfies the differential equation, y (1 + xy) dx = x dy, then dy
sin x + y cos x = 4 x, x Î 0, p .
æ 1ö dx
f ç - ÷ is equal to : (2016)
è 2ø
æp ö æp ö
if y ç ÷ = 0 then y ç ÷ is equal to : (2018)
4 2 è2ø è6ø
(a) - (b)
5 5
4 4
(a) - p 2 (b) p2
4 2 9 9 3
(c) (d) -
5 5
-8 8 2
5. The solution of the differential equation (c) p2 (d) - p
9 3 9
dy y tan x
+ sec x = , where 0 £ x < p , and y(0) = 1, is 9. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation
dx 2 2y 2
given by : (2016/Online Set–2) dy ì 1 , x Î 0,1
+ 2 y = f x , where f x = í
dx î0, otherwise
x 2 x
(a) y = 1 - (b) y = 1 +
sec x + tan x sec x + tan x
æ3ö
If y (0) = 0, then y ç ÷ is (2018/Online Set–1)
è2ø
2 x x
(c) y = 1 - (d) y = 1 +
sec x + tan x sec x + tan x
e2 + 1 1
(a) (b)
2e4 2e
e2 - 1 e2 - 1
(c) (d)
e3 2e 3
10. The differential equation representing the family of

dy æ pö
ellipses having foci either on the x-axis or on the y-axis, 14. If cos x - y sin x = 6 x, ç 0 < x < ÷
dx è 2ø
centre at the origin and passing through the point (0, 3)
is: (2018/Online Set–3)
æp ö æp ö
2 and y ç ÷ = 0, then y ç ÷ is equal to:
(a) xy y¢¢ + x y¢ - y y¢ = 0 3
è ø è6ø
(b) x + y y¢¢ = 0 (9-04-2019/Shift-2)
(c) xy y¢ + y 2 - 9 = 0 p2 p2
(a) (b) -
2 3 2
2
(d) xy y¢ - y + 9 = 0
p2 p2
11. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation, (c) - (d) -
2 3 4 3
2 dy 2
x +1 + 2 x x 2 + 1 y = 1 such that y(0) = 0. If
dx 15. If y = y x is the solution of the differential equation
p dy æ p pö
ay 1 = , then the value of ‘a’ is: = tan x - y sec 2 x, x Î ç - , ÷ , such that
32 dx è 2 2ø
(8-04-2019/Shift-1)
p
y(0) = 0, then y æç - ö÷ is equal to:
1 1 è 4ø
(a) (b)
4 2
(10-04-2019/Shift-1)
1
(c) 1 (d) 1
16 (a) e - 2 (b) -e
2
12. Given that the slope of the tangent to a curve y = y(x) at
1 1
(c) 2 + (d) -2
2y e e
any point (x, y) is . If the curve passes through the
x2
16. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation,
centre of the circle x 2 +y 2 - 2x - 2y = 0, then its equation
dy æ p pö
is : (8-04-2019/Shift-2) + y tan x = 2 x + x 2 tan x, x Î ç - , ÷ , such that
dx è 2 2ø
(a) x log e y = 2 x - 1 (b) x log e y = -4 x - 1
y 0 = 1 , then: (10-04-2019/Shift-2)
(c) x log e y = -2 x - 1 (d) x log e y = x - 1
2
æp ö æ pö p
13. The solution of the differential equation (a) y ç ÷ + y ç - ÷ = +2
4
è ø è 4ø 2
dy
x + 2 y = x 2 x ¹ 0 with y 1 = 1,is :
dx æp ö æ pö
(b) y ç ÷ + y ç - ÷ = - 2
(9-04-2019/Shift-1) è4ø è 4ø
4 3 1 x3 1 æp ö æ pö
(a) y = x + 2 (b) y = + (c) y ç ÷ - y ç - ÷ = 2
5 5x 5 5x 2 è4ø è 4ø
x2 3 3 2 1 æp ö æ pö
(c) y = + 2 (d) y = x + 2
(d) y ¢ ç ÷ - y ¢ ç - ÷ = p - 2
4 4x 4 4x è4ø è 4ø
æ 1ö dy 3 1 æ -p p ö æp ö 4
17. Consider the differential equation, y 2 dx + ç x - ÷ dy = 0 . 21. If + 2
y= 2
, xÎç , ÷ , and y ç ÷ = ,
yø dx cos x cos x è 3 3ø è4ø 3
è
If value of y is 1 when x = 1, then the value of x for which æ pö

then y ç - ÷ equals: (10-1-2019/Shift-1)
y = 2, is (12-04-2019/Shift-1) è 4ø
5 1 3 1 1 6 1
(a) + (b) - (a) +e (b)
2 e 2 e 3 3
4 1 3
1 1 3 (c) - (d) +e
(c) + (d) - e 3 3
2 e 2
22. The curve amongst the family of curves represented by
18. The general solution of the differential equations 2 2
the differential equation, x - y dx + 2 xydy = 0 which
y 2 - x3 dx - xy dy = 0 x ¹ 0 is ______. (Where c is a passes through (1, 1), is: (10-01-2019/Shift-2)
constant of integration) (12-04-2019/Shift-2) (a) a circle with centre on the x-axis.
(b) an ellipse with major axis along the y-axis.
(a) y 2 - 2 x 2 + cx 3 = 0 (b) y 2 + 2 x 3 + cx 2 = 0
(c) a circle with centre on the y-axis.
(c) y 2 + 2 x 2 + cx3 = 0 (d) y 2 - 2 x 3 + cx 2 = 0 (d) a hyperbola with transverse axis along the x-axis.
19. If y = y(x) is the solution of the differential equation, 3 f x

23. Let f be a differentiable such that f ¢ x = 7 - ,
4 x
dy æ1ö
x + 2 y = x 2 satisfying y 1 = 1, then y ç ÷ is equal
dx è 2ø æ1ö
x > 0 and f (1) ¹ 4 . Then xlim xfç ÷
® 0+ è xø
to: (9-01-2019/Shift-1)
(10-01-2019/Shift-2)
7 1
(a) (b) 4
64 4 (a) exists and equals (b) exists and equals 4
7
(c) does not exist (d) exists and equals 0
49 13
(c) (d)
16 16 24. If y x is the solution of the differential equation
dy æ 2 x + 1 ö 1 -2
20. Let f : 0, 1 ® R be such that f(xy) = f(x).f(y), for all -2 x
+ç ÷ y = e , x > 0, where y 1 = 2 e , then :
dx è x ø
x, y Î 0,1 and f(0) ¹ 0. If y = y(x) satisfies the
(11-01-2019/Shift-1)
dy (a) y log e 2 = loge 4

differential equation, = f x with y 0 = 1,
dx
log e 2
(b) y log e 2 =
4
æ1ö æ3ö
They y ç ÷ + y ç ÷ is equal to: (9-01-2019/Shift-2)
è4ø è4ø
æ1 ö
(c) y(x) is decreasing in ç ,1÷
(a) 3 (b) 4 è2 ø
(c) 2 (d) 5 (d) y (x) is decreasing in (0, 1)

25. The solution of the differential equation,

29. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation,
dy 2
= x - y when y(1) = 1, is (11-01-2019/Shift-2) 2 + sin x dy
dx . = - cos x, y > 0, y (0) = 1.
y + 1 dx
2- y
(a) log e = x- y
2- x dy
If y p = a, and at x = p is b, then the ordered pair
dx
1- x + y a, b is equal to : (2-9-2020/Shift-1)
(b) - log e = 2 x -1
1+ x - y
æ 3ö
(a) ç 2, ÷ (b) (1, 1)
1+ x - y è 2ø
(c) - log e = x+ y-2
1- x + y
(c) (2, 1) (d) (1, –1)
2- y 30. If a curve y = f x , passing through the point 1, 2 is
(d) log e = 2 y -1
2- x
the solution of the differential equation,
26. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation
æ1ö
dy 2 x 2 dy = (2 xy + y 2 ) dx, then f ç ÷ is equal to :
x + y = x log e x, ( x > 1) . If 2y(2) = log 4–1, then y(e) è2ø
dx e
(2-09-2020/Shift-2)
is equal to _____. (12-01-2019/Shift-1)
-1
e e2 (a) 1 + log 2 (b) 1 + log e 2
(a) - (b) - e
2 2
e e2 1 1
(c) (d) (c) 1 + log 2 (d) 1 - log 2
4 4 e e
27. Let f be a differentiable function such that f(1) = 2 and 31. The solution curve of the differential equation,
f ' x = f x for all x Î R dy
(1 + e - x ) (1 + y 2 ) = y 2 , which passes through the point
dx
If h x = f f x then h¢ 1 is equal (0, 1), is : (3-09-2020/Shift-1)
(12-01-2019/Shift-2)
2 2 æ 1 + e- x ö
(a) 2e (b) 4e (a) y = 1 + y log e ç ÷
è 2 ø
(c) 2e (d) 4e2
28. If a curve passes through the point (1, -2) and has slope
2
æ æ 1 + e- x ö ö
2
x - 2y (b) y + 1 = y çç log e ç 2 ÷ + 2 ÷÷
of the tangent at any point x, y on it as then è è ø ø
x
the curve also passes through the point : 2
æ æ 1 + ex ö ö
(12-01-2019/Shift-2) (c) y + 1 = y çç log e ç ÷ + 2 ÷÷
è è 2 ø ø
(a) (3, 0) (b) 3, 0

2
æ æ 1+ ex öö
(d) y = 1 + y ç
ç log e ç ÷ ÷÷
è è 2 øø
(c) (-1, 2) (d) - 2, 1
3 2
32. If x dy + xy dx = x dy + 2 y dx; y (2) = e and x > 1, then 36. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation
y 4 is equal to : (3-09-2020/Shift-2)
dy æ pö
cos x + 2y sin x = sin 2x, x Î ç 0, ÷ . If y (p / 3) = 0
dx è 2ø
e 3
(a) (b) e
2 2 then y ( p / 4) is equal to: (5-09-2020/Shift-2)
1 3 (a) 2 + 2 (b) 2 -2
(c) + e (d) + e
2 2
1
33. Let y = y x be the solution of the differential equation, (c) -1 (d) 2 - 2
2
xy¢ - y = x 2 ( x cos x + sin x), x > 0 . If y(π) = π, then
æπö æπö
y¢¢ ç ÷ + y ç ÷ is equal to (4-09-2020/Shift-1) dy
è2ø è2ø 1 + x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2 + xy =0
dx
π π2 π (where C is a constant of integration) is:

(a) 2 + + (b) 2 +
2 4 2
(6-09-2020/Shift-1)
π π π2
(c) 1 + (d) 1 + + 1 æ 1 + x2 - 1 ö
2 2 4 2 2
(a) 1 + y + 1 + x = 2 log e çç 2
÷+C
÷
è 1 + x + 1 ø
dy y + 3x
- + 3 = 0 is : 1 æ 1 + x2 - 1 ö
dx log e ( y + 3x) 1 + y 2
- 1 + x 2
= log ç ÷+C
(b) 2
e
ç 1 + x2 + 1 ÷
è ø
(where c is a constant of integration) (4-9-2020/Shift-2)
(a) x - log e ( y + 3 x) = C
2 2 1 æ 1 + x2 +1 ö
(c) 1 + y + 1 + x = log eç ÷+C
1 2 2 ç 1 + x2 - 1 ÷
(b) x - log e y + 3 x =C è ø
2
(c) x - 2 log e ( y + 3 x) = C æ 1 + x2 + 1 ö
2 2 1
(d) 1 + y - 1 + x = 2 log e çç 2
÷+C
÷
1 2 è 1 + x -1 ø
(d) y + 3x - log e x =C
2
35. If y = y x is the solution of the differential equation æ2 ö

38. If y = ç x - 1÷ cos ec x is the solution of the differential
è p ø
5 + e x dy x
. + e = 0 satisfying y 0 = 1, then a value of
2 + y dx dy 2 p
equation, + p x y = cos ecx, 0 < x < , then the
dx p 2
y (log e 13) is: (5-09-2020/Shift-1)
function p x is equal to : (6-09-2020/Shift-2)
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) -1 (a) cosec x (b) cot x
(c) tan x (d) sec x
39. If y = y ( x) is the solution of the differential equation, 42. The differential equation of the family of curves,
x 2 = 4b( y + b), b Î R is (8-01-2020/Shift-2)
æ dy ö
ey ç - 1 ÷ = e x such that y 0 = 0, then y 1 is equal
è dx ø (a) xy '' = y ' (b) x y '
2
= x + 2 yy '
to (7-01-2020/Shift-1)
2 2
(c) x y ' = x - 2 yy ' (d) x y ' = 2 yy '- x
(a) log e 2 (b) 2e
(c) 2+log e 2 (d) 1+log e 2 43. If for x ³ 0, y = y x is the solution of the differential
40. Let y = y(x) be the solution curve of the differential 2

equation 1 + x dy = éë 1 + x + y - 3ù dx, y 2 = 0 then
û
2 dy
equation, y - x = 1, satisfying y(0) = 1 This curve
y 3 is equal to ______ . (9-01-2020/Shift-1)
dx
intersects the x - axis at a point whose abscissa is :
dy xy
(7-01-2020/Shift-2) 44. If = 2 : y 1 = 1; then a value of x satisfying
dx x + y 2
(a) 2 + e (b) 2
y ( x) = e is (9-1-2020/Shift-2)
(c) 2 - e (d) - e
41. Let y = y x be a solution of the differential equation, 1

(a) 3e (b) 3e
2
dy
1 - x2 + 1 - y 2 = 0, x < 1 .
dx e
(c) 2e (d)
2
æ1ö 3 æ -1 ö
If y ç ÷ = , then y ç ÷ is equal to:
è 2ø 2 è 2ø
(8-01-2020/Shift-1)
1 3
(a) - (b) -
2 2
1 3
(c) (d)
2 2

æ 1 ö
5. A curve y = f (x) passing through the point ç1, ÷ satisfies
1. The differential equation of all the ellipses centred at the è eø
origin and having their axes as co-ordinate axes is :
x2
dy -
2
the differential equation + xe 2
= 0 . Then which of the
(a) y 2 + xy12 - yy1 = 0 (b) xyy2 + xy1 - yy1 = 0 dx
following does not hold good?
2
(c) yy 2 + xy - xy1 = 0
1 (d) None of these (a) f (x) is differentiable at x = 0.
2. The differential equation whose general solution is given (b) f (x) is symmetric w.r.t. the origin.
(c) f (x) is increasing for x < 0 and decreasing for x > 0.
by, y = c1 cos( x + c2 ) - c3 e( - x + c4 ) + (c5 sin x), where
(d) f (x) has two inflection points.
c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 are arbitrary constants, is 6. Solution of the differential equation
d 4 y d2 y dy æx+yö x-y
(a) - + y=0 + sin ç ÷ = sin is
dx 4 dx 2 dx è 2 ø 2
y x
d 3 y d 2 y dy (a) l n tan = C - 2sin
(b) 3 + 2 + + y=0 4 2
dx dx dx
x y
(b) l n tan = C - 2sin
5 4 2
d y
(c) + y=0
dx 5
y x
(c) l n tan = C - 2 sin
2 4
d 3 y d 2 y dy
(d) - + - y=0
dx 3 dx 2 dx y
(d) l n | tan y | = C + 2sin
3. If the function y = e4x + 2e–x is a solution of the differential 2
7. Solution of the differential equation
d3 y dy
3
- 13 æ x + y - 1 ö dy æ x + y + 1 ö
equation dx dx = K then the value of K is =ç
ç ÷ ÷ , given that y = 1 when x = 1, is
y è x + y - 2 ø dx è x + y + 2 ø
2
(a) 4 (b) 6 x-y -2
(a) log =2 x+y
(c) 9 (d) 12 2
4. A solution of the differential equation
2
x-y +2
æ dy ö dy
2 (b) log =2 x-y
2
ç ÷ - x + y = 0 is:
è dx ø dx
2
(a) y = 2 (b) y = 2x x+y +2
(c) log =2 x-y
(c) y = 2x – 4 (d) y = 2x2 – 4 2
(d) none of these

dy y  (y / x)
8. The solution of the differential equation   x dx  y dy y3
dx x  (y / x) 14. Solution of the differential equation 
x dx  y dy x3
is
is given by
y
 
(a) x x  k (b) 
y
 
x
 kx
3 y x 3/ 2  y3/ 2 y
3/ 2
(a) log    log 3/ 2

 tan 1   c 0
2 x
  x x
y
 
(c) y x  k
y
 
(d)  x  ky
2 y x 3/ 2  y3/ 2 y
9. The solution of the differential equation (b) log    log  tan 1  c  0
3 x x 3/ 2 x
(x3 – 3xy2) dx = (y3 – 3x2y) dy is
x2 2 2  y xy 1  y
3/ 2 
(a) x2 – y2 = c (x2 + y2)2
2
(b) y 
2

 c x2  y2  (c)
3
log    log    tan  3/ 2   c  0
x  x  x 
(c) (x2 – y2)2 = c (x2 + y2) (d) none of these
(d) none of the above
10. Solution of differential equation
15. A function y = f (x) satisfies the differential equation
dy dy
x3  y 3  y 2 y 2  x 2 is – y = cos x – sin x with initial condition that y is bounded
dx dx
when x  . The area enclosed by y = f (x), y = cos x and the
 2
(a) xy  c y  y  x
2
 y-axis in first quadrant is
(a) 2 1 (b) 2
 2
(b) xy  c y  x  y
2

1
(c) 1 (d)

(c) xy  c x  x  y
2 2
 2
16. A function y = f (x) satisfies
(d) None
2
11. Solution of the differential equation ex
(x + 1) . f  (x) – 2 (x2 + x) f (x) = ,  x  1
y2 (ydx + 2xdy) – x2 (2ydx + xdy) = 0 is (x  1)
(a) x2y2 (x2 + y2) = c (b) x2y2 = (x2 – y2) + c If f (0) = 5 , then f (x) is
2 2
(c) x y = c (d) None
 3x  5  x 2  6x  5  x 2
12. The substitution y = z transforms the differential equation (a)   .e (b)   .e
(x2y2 – 1)dy + 2xy3dx = 0 into a homogeneous differential  x 1   x 1 
equation for
 6x  5  x 2  5  6x  x 2
(a)  = – 1 (b) 0 (c)  .e  .e
2  (d) 
(c)  = 1 (d) no value of .  (x  1)   x 1 
13. The solution of the differential equation 17. Solution of differential equation
1
dy cos x (3cos y  7 sin x  3) dy
  0 is  y   y dx, y (0) = 1 is :
dx sin y (3sin x  7 cos y  7) dx 0
(a) (cos y – sin x – 1)2 (cos y + sin x – 1)5 = c

1 1
(b) (cos x – sin y + 1)2 (cos y + sin x – 1)5 = c (a) y  (2e x  e  1) (b) y  (2e x  e  1)
3e 3 e
(c) (cos y – sin x – 1)5 (cos y + sin x – 1)2 = c
(d) none of these 1
(c) y  (2e x  e  1) (d) none
3e
18. The equation of the curve satisfying the equation 23. The solution of the differential equation
dy æ 1ö xdy - ydx
x(1 - x ln y) + y = 0 and passing through ç 1, ÷ is x dx + y dy + = 0 is
dx è eø x 2 + y2
(a) x (ey + lny +1) = 1 (b) (ey + lnx + 1) = 1

æ x 2 + y2 + c ö
(c) y (ex + lny + 1) = 0 (d) None of these (a) y = x tan çç ÷÷
è 2 ø
æ x 2 + y2 + c ö
x2 y2 dy 2
x = y tan çç ÷÷
e +e y + e x (xy 2 - x) = 0, is (b) 2
dx è ø
2
(a) ex (y2 – 1) + ey = c
2 2 2
(b) ey (x2 – 1) + ex = c æ c - x 2 - y2 ö
(c) y = x tan çç ÷÷
è 2 ø
2 2 2 2
(c) ey (y2 – 1) + ex = c (d) ex (y – 1) + ey = c
(d) none of these
20. Solution of the differential equation 24. A curve passing through (2, 3) and satisfying the differential
2 2 2 2
y (xy + 2x y ) dx + x (xy – x y ) dy = 0 is given by x
1
equation ò t y(t) dt = x2y (x), (x >0) is
0
(a) 2 log | x | - log | y | - =c
xy
9
(a) x2 + y2 = 13 (b) y2 = x
1 2
(b) 2log | y | - log | x | - =c
xy
x 2 y2
(c) + =1 (d) xy = 6
1 8 18
(c) 2 log | x | + log | y | + =c
xy
x
1
25. If ò t y(t)dt = x2 + y (x) then y as a function of x is
a
(d) 2 log | y | + log | x | + =c
xy
x 2 -a 2
21. Solution of differential equation (a) y = 2 – (2 + a2) e 2
dy x 2 -a 2
(x2 + y2 + a2) y + x (x2 + y2 – a2) = 0 is (b) y = 1 – (2 + a2) 2
dx e
(a) (x2 + y2)2 + 2a2 (x2 – y2) = c x 2 -a 2

(c) y = 2 – (1 + a2) e 2
(b) (x2 + y2)2 + 2a2 (y2 – x2) = c
(d) none
(c) (x2 – y2)2 + 2a2 (x2 + y2)2 + c = 0
26. The function satisfying the equation
(d) None
x x
f (x) = - ò f (t) tan t dt + ò tan(t - x) dt,
0 0
dy
3x2y2 + cos (xy) – xy sin (xy) + (2x3y – x2sin (xy)) = 0 is
dx
æ p pö
where x Îç - , ÷ is :
(a) (x2y2 + cos xy) = c (b) x (x2y2 + cos xy) = c è 2 2ø
(c) y (x2y2 + cos xy) = c (d) None (a) 1 + cos x (b) 1 – cos x
(c) cos x – 1 (d) none
27. The x-intercept of the tangent to a curve is equal to the 33. Water is drained from a vertical cylindrical tank by opening
a valve at the base of the tank. It is known that the rate at
ordinate of the point of contact. The equation of the curve
which the water level drops is proportional to the square
through the point (1, 1) is root of water depth y, where the constant of proportionality
k > 0 depends on the acceleration due to gravity and the
x x
y y geometry of the hole. If t is measured in minutes and
(a) ye = e (b) xe = e
1
k= then the time to drain the tank if the water is 4 meter
15
y y
(c) xe x = e (d) ye x = e deep to start with is
(a) 30 min (b) 45 min
28. The latus rectum of the conic passing through the origin (c) 60 min (d) 80 min
and having the property that normal at each point (x, y) 34. An inverted conical tank of 2 m radius and 4 m height is
intersects the x - axis at ((x + 1), 0) is : initially full of water, has an outlet at bottom. The outlet is
opened at some instant. The rate of flow through the outlet
(a) 1 (b) 2 at any time t is 6h3/2, where h is height of water level above
(c) 4 (d) none the outlet at time t. Then the time it takes to empty the tank
is
29. The curve for which the sum of the lengths of the tangent
and subtangent at any of its point is proportional to the 2p p
(a) units (b) units
product of the co-ordinates of the point of tangency. The 11 9
proportionality factor is equal to k. 2p

(c) units (d) none of these
8
1
(a) y = ln | c (k2x2–1)| (b) y = l n | c (k 2 x 2 - 1) | 35. The orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves
k
an–1 y = xn are given by (a is the arbitary constant)
(c) y = ln |k (c2x2 +1)| (d) y = ln |k (c2 x2 –1)| (a) xn + n2y = constant (b) ny2 + x2 = constant
(c) n2x + yn = constant (d) n2x – yn = constant
30. The equation of the curve for which any tangent intersects
36. The orthogonal trajectories of the family of circle given by
the y–axis at the point equidistant from the point of tangency
x2 + y2 – 2ay = 0 (a is parameter), is :
and the origin is
(a) x2 + y2 – 2kx = 0 (b) x2 + y2 – 2ky = 0
(a) x2 – y2 = cx (b) x2 + y2 = cy (c) x2 + y2 – 2k1x –2k2y = 0 (d) none of these
(c) x2 + y2 = cx (d) x2 – y2 = cy 37. The solution of the differential equation
31. The equation of the curve passing through origin if the d2 y

= sin3x + ex + x2 when y’(0) = 1 and y (0) = 0 is
middle point of the segment of its normal from any point of dx 2
the curve to the x–axis lies on the parabola 2y2 = x, is
sin 3x x4
(a) y2 = 2x + 1–e2x (b) y2 = 2x – 1 + ex (a) - + ex + -1
9 12
(c) y2 = 2x + 1 + ex (d) None
4
32. The equation of the curve for which the portion of y–axis (b) - sin 3x + e x + x + x
9 12 3
cut–off between the origin and the tangent varies as cube
of the abscissa of the point of contact, is cos3x x x 4 x
(c) - +e + + +1
(a) 2y + kx3 = cx (b) 2x + ky3 = cy 3 12 3
(c) 2x3 + ky = c (d) None (d) None of these

38. The equation of the curve satisfying the differential equation Numerical Value Type Questions
d2 y 2 dy 43. If the solution of differential equation

2
(x + 1) = 2x passing through the point (0, 1) and
dx dx
having slope of tangent at x = 0 as 3 is d2y dy
x2 + 2x = 12 y is y = Axm + Bx–n then find the value
dx 2 dx
(a) y = x2 + 3x + 2 (b) y2 = x2 + 3x + 1
(c) y = x3 + 3x + 1 (d) None of these of m + n, if m & n Î N.
44. A rumour spreeds through a population of 5000 people at
a rate proportional to the product of the number of people
who have heard it and the number who have not. Suppose
dy x 2 + y 2 + 1 that 100 people initiate the rumour and that a total of 500
39. The solution of = satisfying y(1) = 1 is
dx 2 xy people know the rumour after 2 days. How many days will
given by it take for half the people to hear the rumour (round off to
(a) a hyperbola nearest integer)
(b) a circle (log 9/log 49 = 129/229).
(c) y2 = x (1+ x) – 1
Match the Following
(d) (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 5
40. Solution of the differential equation : Each question has two columns. Four options are given
(3 tan x + 4 cot y – 7) sin2y dx – (4tan x + 7 cot y – 5)
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
cos2xdy = 0 is
3 2 7 corresponding to the correct matching.
(a) cot x - 7 cot x + tan 2 y - 5 tan y + 4 cot x.tan y = c
2 2
45. Column I Column II
3 7 Diff. equation Solution curve
(b) tan 2 x - 7 tan x + cot 2 y - 5cot y + 4 tan x.cot y = c
2 2
(c) 3 tan2y – 14 cot x.tan2y + 7 cot2x –10 tan y cot2x x3 y3
(A) (1+xy) xdy + (1–xy) ydx = 0 (P) +
+ 8 cot x. tan y + 2c cot2x tan2y = 0 3 3
(d) 3 cot2y – 14cot x. cot2y + 7 cot2x + 10 cot y tan2x – 2x2y – 2xy2 = c

+ 8 tan x . cot y = 0
-1 æ yö
41. Solutions of the differential equation (B) (x2 – 4xy – 2y2) dx (Q) + log ç ÷ = c
xy èxø
2
æ dy ö dy x -x
ç ÷ - (e + e ) + 1 = 0 are given by + (y2–4xy–2x2) dy = 0
è dx ø dx
(C) ey.dx + (xey–2y) dy = 0 (R) x2 + y2 - x / y = c
-x -x
(a) y + e =C (b) y - e =C
x xdx + ydy ydx - xdy

(c) y + e x = C (d) y - e = C (D) = (S) xey – y2 = c
2
x +y 2 y2
dy
42. The solution of p 2 + 2 y cot x p = y 2 where p = is The correct matching is :
dx
(a) (A–Q; B–P; C–S; D–R)
(a) y 1 + cos x = c (b) y 1 - cos x = c
(b) (A–P; B–S; C–S; D–R)
(c) (A–P; B–S; C–Q; D–R)
-1 c -1
(c) x = 2sin (d) x = 2sin 2y + C
2y (d) (A–Q; B–P; C–R; D–S)
Using the following passage, solve Q.46 and Q.47 Subjective Type
Passage 48. If (a + bx)ey/x = x then prove that
Consider the differential equation e x (ydx – dy) = e–x (ydx + dy). 2

d 2 y æ dy ö
Let y = f(x) be a particular solution to this differential equation x3 = ç x - y÷
dx 2 è dx ø
which passes through the point (0, 2).
49. A normal is drawn at a point P(x, y) of a curve meets the
æ 1ö 1 x–axis at Q. If PQ is of constant length k, then show that
Let C º y = log1/ 4 ç x - ÷ + log4 (16x2 – 8x + 1), be another curve
è 4ø 2 the differential equation of the curve is
46. The range of the function g(x) = log2 (f(x)) is dy
y = ± k2 - y2
(a) [1, ¥) (b) [2, ¥) dx
(c) [0, ¥) (d) None of these 50. A curve passing through the point (1, 1) has the property
47. If the area bounded by the curve y = f(x), curve C, ordinate that the perpendicular distance of the origin from the normal
at any point P of the curve is equal to the distance of P from
1 the x-axis. Determine the equation of the curve.
x = 1/4 & the ordinate x = a is 4 - ln 4+ 1/4
- e1/ 4 , then
e
value of a is
(a) ln 6 (b) ln 4
(c) 4 (d) ln 12

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 6. Let f(x) be differentiable on the interval (0, ¥) such that
1. If x2 + y2 = 1, then (2000) t 2f (x) - x 2 f (t)

f(1) = 1, and lim = 1 for each x > 0. Then
t ®x t-x
(a) yy’’ – 2 (y’)2 + 1 = 0
f (x) is : (2007)
(b) yy’’ + (y’)2 + 1 = 0
(c) yy’’ + (y’)2 – 1 = 0 1 2x 2 1 4x 2
(a) + (b) - +
3x 3 3x 3
(d) yy’’ + 2 (y’)2 + 1 = 0
1 2 1
dy (c) - + (d)
2. If y(t) is a solution of (1+t) –ty = 1 and y(0) = –1, then x x2 x
dt
y(1) is equal to (2003)
dy 1 - y2
7. The differential equation = determines a
-1 1 dx y
(a) (b)
2 2 family of circles with : (2007)
(a) variable radii and a fixed centre at (0, 1)
(c) 1 (d) –1
(b) variable radii and a fixed centre at (0, – 1)
2 + sin x æ dy ö (c) fixed radius 1 and variable centres along the x-axis
3. If y = y (x) and ç ÷ = - cos x, y(0) = 1, then
y + 1 è dx ø (d) fixed radius 1 and variable centres along the y-axis
8. The function y = f(x) is the solution of the differential
æpö
y ç ÷ equals : (2004)
è2ø dy xy x4 + 2 x
equation + 2 =
dx x - 1 1 - x2
1 2
(a) (b)
3 3 3
2
in (–1, 1) satisfying f(0) = 0. Then ò f ( x ) dx

1
(c) - (d) 1 -
3
3 2
4. The solution of primitive equation is (2014)

(x2 + y2)dy = xy dx, is y = y (x).
p 3 p 3
(a) - (b) -
If y(1) = 1 and y (x0) = e, then x0 is (2005) 3 2 3 4
e2 + 1 p 3 p 3
(a) (b) 2 e2 + 1 (c) - (d) -
2 6 4 6 2
9. If y = y(x) satisfies the differential equation
(c) 2 e2 - 1 (d) 3e
-1
æ ö
5. For the primitive integral equation 8 x 9 + x dy = ç 4 + 9 + x ÷ dx, x > 0
è ø
ydx + y2dy = x dy; x Î R, y > 0,
and y(0) = 7 , then y (256) = (2017)
y = y (x), y(1) = 1, then y (–3) is (2005)
(a) 80 (b) 9
(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 16 (d) 3
(c) 1 (d) 2

æ 1 + 1 - x2 ö
(a) y = - ln ç ÷ + 1 - x2
10. A curve y = f(x) passes through (1, 1) and tangent at ç x ÷
è ø
P(x, y) cuts the x–axis and y–axis at A and B respectively
such that BP : AP = 3 : 1, then (2006)
(b) xy '+ 1 - x 2 = 0
(a) equation of curve is xy’ – 3y = 0
(b) normal at (1, 1) is x + 3y = 4 (c) xy '- 1 - x 2 = 0
(c) curve passes through (2,1/8)
(d) equation of curve is x3y – 1 = 0 æ 1 + 1 - x2 ö
(d) y = ln ç ÷ - 1- x2
11. x
Let y(x) be a solution of the differential equation (1 + e )y¢ ç x ÷
è ø
+ yex = 1. If y(0) = 2, then which of the following statement
is (are) true ? (2015) Numerical Value Type Questions
(a) y(-4) = 0
15. Let f be a real-valued differentiable function on R (the set
(b) y(-2) = 0
of all real numbers) such that f (1) = 1. If the y-intercept of
(c) y(x) has a critical point in the interval (-1, 0) the tangent at any point P (x, y) on the curve y = f (x) is
(d) y(x) has no critical point in the interval (-1, 0) equal to the cube of the abscissa of P, then the value of
12. Consider the family of all circles whose centers lie on the f (–3) is equal to.... (2010)
straight line y = x. If this family of circle is represented by 16. Let f : [1, ¥) ® [2, ¥) be a differential funciton such that
the differential equation Py¢¢ + Qy¢ + 1 = 0, where P, Q are x
æ dy d2y ö f(1) = 2. If 6 ò f (t) dt = 3x f(x) – x3 – 5,
functions of x, y and y¢ ç here y¢= dx , y¢¢= dx 2 ÷ , then which 1
è ø
of the following statements is (are) true ? (2015) Then f(2) = (2011)
(a) P = y + x ASSERTION REASON
(b) P = y - x
(A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a
(c) P + Q = 1 – x + y + y¢ + (y¢)2
(d) P - Q = x + y - y¢ - (y¢)2
13. A solution curve of the differential equation a correct explanation for ASSERTION.
dy (C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false.
(x2 + xy + 4x + 2y + 4) - y2 =0, x > 0, passes through the
dx (D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true.
point (1, 3). Then the solution curve (2016)
17. Let a solution y = y(x) of the differential equation
(a) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at one point
(b) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at two points 2
x x 2 - 1 dy - y y 2 - 1 dx = 0 Satisfy y(2) = .
(c) intersects y = (x + 2)2 3
(d) does NOT intersect y = (x + 3)2
(2008)
14. Let G denote a curve y = f x which is in the first
æ pö
quadrant and let the point 1, 0 lie on it. Let the tangent to Assertion : y(x) = sec ç sec-1 x - ÷
è 6ø
G at a point P intersect the y - axis at YP . If PYP has
length 1 for each point P on G. Then which of the following 1 2 3 1
Reason : y(x) is given by = - 1- 2
options is/are correct? (2019) y x x
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
Match the Following Subjective Type
Each question has two columns. Four options are given 19. A curve passes through (2, 0) and slope at point P(x, y) is
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds (x + 1) 2 + (y - 3)
. Find equation of curve and area
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the option (x + 1)
corresponding to the correct matching. between curve and x–axis in 4th quadrant. (2004)
20. Determine the equation of the curve passing through the
18. Column I Column II
origin, in the form y = f(x), which satisfies the differential
p/ 2 dy
cos x
(A) ò (sin x) (cos x cot x - log(sin x)sin x )dx (p) 1 eqaution = sin (10x + 6y). (2006)
dx
0
(B) Area bounded by (q) 0

4y2 = – x and x –1 = – 5y2
(C) Cosine of the angle of intersection (r) Ke y/2
of curves y = 3x – 1 log x and y = xx – 1 is
(D) Solution of differential equation (s) 4/3
dy 2
= is x + y + 2 = . . . (2006)
dx (x + y)
The correct matching is :

(a) (A–P; B–P; C–S; D–R)
(b) (A–P; B–S; C–R; D–P)
(c) (A–P; B–S; C–R; D–S)
(d) (A–P; B–S; C–P; D–R)
Teacher’s Note:
Go down deep into anything and you will find mathematics, if you
integrate anything you will find mathematics. If you differentiate
anything you will find mathematics.

Answer Key
CHAPTER -1 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
EXERCISE - 1 : EXERCISE - 2 :
BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAIN QUESTIONS
DIRECTION TO USE - DIRECTION TO USE -

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (3) 5. (a) 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (a) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (2) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (b) 11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (d)
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (3) 19. (b) 20. (a) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (6) 22. (a) 23. (8) 24. (a) 25. (b) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (a)
26. (a) 27. (9) 28. (8) 29. (b) 30. (b) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (a) 34. (2) 35. (b) 31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (c)
36. (36) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (b) 36. (b)
41. (1) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (c) 45. (c)
46. (b) 47. (a) 48. (8) 49. (4) 50. (b)
51. (a) 52. (a) 53. (c) 54. (a) 55. (a)
56. (b) 57. (1) 58. (d) 59. (b) 60. (b)
61. (b) 62. (c) 63. (10) 64. (b) 65. (c)
66. (d) 67. (c) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (c)
ANSWER KEY 153
CHAPTER -1 INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c)
6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c) 6. (a,c) 7. (d)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (a) 2x + 2 ö 3
8. x + 1 tan -1 æç 2
÷ - log 4x + 8x + 13 + c
16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (c) è 3 ø 4
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (c) m +1
1
26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (a) 9. (2 x 3m + 3x 2 m + 6x m ) m +c
6(m + 1)
31. (c) 32. (c) 33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (a)
36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (b)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (b,d)
45. (a,b,c,d) 46. (c,d) 47. (a,b) 48. (2240)
49. (002) 50. (1998) 51. (1982) 52. (1) 53. (d)
54. (c) 55. (c) 56. (b) 57. (d) 58. (a)
59. (c) 60. (d) 61. (b) 62. (d)
xe x 1
63. ln + +c
1 + xe x 1 + xe x
1 1 3 x
64. - log x + 1 + log x 2 + 1 + tan -1 x + 2 +c
2 4 2 x +1
Answer Key
CHAPTER -2 DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a)
6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (2) 10. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (d)
11. (2) 12. (b) 13. (1) 14. (b) 15. (b)
16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (b)
16. (2) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (4)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (d)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (4) 24. (c) 25. (3)
26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (d) 30. (d)
26. (3) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (2)
31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (c)
31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (50)
36. (b) 37. (d) 38. 18.00 39. (a) 40. (c)
36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (29) 41. (b) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (d) 45. (b)
41. (19) 42. (b) 43. (b) 44. (d) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (c) 48. (b) 49. (a) 50. (b)
46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (2) 49. (c) 50. (a) 51. (b) 52. (c) 53. (d) 54. (c) 55. (d)
51. (c) 52. (b) 53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (a) 56. (d) 57. (b) 58. (001.50) 59. (b)
56. (c) 57. (d) 58. (d) 59. (a) 60. (c) 60. (001.00) 61. (a) 62. (d) 63. (d)
61. (a) 62. (c) 63. (d) 64. (a) 65. (b) 64. (d) 65. (c) 66. (a) 67. (b) 68. 021.00
66. (d) 67. (b) 68. (b) 69. (2) 70. (2) 69. (a) 70. (b) 71. (b) 72. (b) 73. (a)
71. (a) 72. (b) 73. (a) 74. (c) 75. (a) 74. (d) 75. (c) 76. (c) 77. (a) 78. (b)
76. (b) 77. (b) 78. (c) 79. (d) 80. (a) 79. (b) 80. (a) 81. (c) 82. (b) 83. (d)
81. (a) 82. (c) 83. (4) 84. (3) 85. (b) 84. (d) 85. (a)
86. (6) 87. (1) 88. (6) 89. (3) 90. (2)
ANSWER KEY 155
CHAPTER -2 DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES


1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c)

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d)
6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (d)
6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (c)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (d)
16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (d) 21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (a,d)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (a,b,c) 27. (a,b,d) 28. (b,d) 29. (a,c,d)
26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (c) 30. (a,c) 31. (b,c) 32. (a,c) 33. (b,d) 34. (a,b)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (c) 35. (a,b,d) 36. 5051 37. (2) 38. (0)
36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (d) 39. (3) 40. (9) 41. (7) 42. (1) 43. (4)
44. (2) 45. 4.00 46. 0.50 47. (004.00)
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (b) 44. (a) 45. (a)
48. (a) 49. (d) 50. (c) 51. (b) 52. (a)
46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (a) 49. (a) 50. (c)
53. (d) 54. (a, b, c) 55. (c,d)
51. (d) 52. (b) 53. (d) 54. (d) 55. (b)
56. (c) 57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (a,c) 1 2 4p æ1ö
56. ln x 57. tan -1 ç ÷
2 3 è2ø
61. (a,b,d) 62. (a,d) 63. (b, c) 64. (a,c,d)
65. (a,b) 66. n = 3 67. (a) 68. (c) 69. (a) 24 æ æ1ö e æ1ö ö
58. ç ecos ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ - 1÷
70. (a) 71. (d) 72. (d) 73. (c) 74. (b) 5 è è2ø 2 è2ø ø
75. (a) 76. (a) 77. (a)
1 1
78. log 6 - 79. π 2
2 10
Answer Key
CHAPTER -3 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (2) 4. (c) 5. (1) 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c)
6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (4) 9. (3) 10. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (b) 11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (a)
16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (2) 20. (d) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b)
26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (d) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. (5) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (d) 31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (d)
36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (c) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (a) 45. (b) 41. (c) 42. (b) 43. 3.00 44. (a)
46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (b)
51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (b)
56. (a) 57. (35) 58. (b) 59. (20) 60. (b)
61. (b) 62. (2) 63. (b)
ANSWER KEY 157
CHAPTER -3 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b) 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a)
6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c,d)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (a) 11. (a,c) 12. (b,c) 13. (a,d) 14. (b,d) 15. (9)
16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a) 16. (6) 17. (c) 18. (d)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (a) 4
19. sq.unit
26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (c) 3
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (b)
1 é -1 æ 5 tan 4x ö ù
36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (c) 39. (a,c) 40. (b,c) 20. y = ê tan ç ÷ - 5x ú
3ë è 4 - 3 tan 4x ø û
41. (a,d) 42. (a,b,c) 43. (7) 44. (5)
45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (b)
50. x2 + y2 = 2x or x = 1
Note

Integral Calculus

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2

Key Points on ‘How to obtain optimal benefits from ‘Tatva’ ?

I wish you all the best.

Anand Prakash Sir has been a pioneer in producing

Suraj Bhan Singh

Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 17

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 30

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 37

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 42

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 50

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 152

DEFINITE INTEGRATION, AREA UNDER CURVES

Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 59

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 74

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 82

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 92

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 101

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 154

Theory ................................................................................................................................................ 110

Solved examples ............................................................................................................................... 120

Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions............................................................................................ 130

Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE MAIN Questions ........................................................................... 136

Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions .................................................................................. 142

Exercise - 4 : Previous Year JEE Advanced Questions ..................................................................... 148

Answer Key ........................................................................................................................................ 156

d = ò f 1 (x)dx ± ò f 2 (x)dx ± ò f 3 (x)dx ± ...

1.2 Properties of Indefinite Integration

10. ò cos ec x cot x dx = - cos ec x + C. 1 1

14. ò cos ec x dx = log | cos ec x - cot x | + C

2.1 Method of Substitution

2.3 Integrals of the Form 2.5 Integrals of the Form

(iii) The integrand is converted to one of the nine special

The integral in this case is converted to

2.8 Integrals of the Form

where k, a0, a1, ... an – 1 are constants to be determined by p

3. INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS

4.1 Integrals of the Form:

4.3 Integrals of the Form dx

5.5 Integrals of the Form

5.4 Integrals of the Form

(i) Put Numerator = l (denominator) + m (derivative of

Reduction formuale makes it possible to reduce an integral n n -1

= - sin n -1 x cos x + ( n - 1) ò (sin n - 2 x - sin n x ) dx

{Q sin–1 q + cos–1 q = p/2}.

applying integration by parts

from (i) and (ii);

I = tan x . e x - ò sec 2 x.e x dx + ò e x .sec 2 x dx + c Example – 20

dx A(1 + y) (1 + 2y) + B (1 - y) (1 + 2y) + C (1 - y) (1 + y)

\ 1 = A (1 + y) (1 + 2y) + B (1 – y) (1 + 2y) + C (1 – y) (1+y)

Evaluate ò sin -11/ 3 x cos -1/ 3 x dx

-dy {let cot x = t, –cosec2 x dx = dt}

3sin x + 2 cos x l (sin x + 2 cos x + 3) + m(cos x - 2 sin x) + n

3sin x + 2 cos x cos x - 2 sin x

Put tan x / 2 = t Let cos x = t Þ – sin x dx = dt

1 = ò cos α dt + ò sin α cott dt

1 sin {(x - b) - (x - a)} 1 æ x 3p ö

1 ì sin (x - b) cos (x - a) cos (x - b) sin (x - a) ü 1 æxö

value of (A, B) is Example – 34

sintcos α + cost sin α 8 8

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

(a) log |cos x| – sin x + c (b) log |sin x| – sin x + c

(a) sin (cos x) + C (b) sin (tan x) + C

29. If m is a non-zero number and