MATHS

BY

DURGESH
SHARMA
Class – XII

CONTINUITY &
DIFFERENTIABILITY

ABHYAAS
BOARD LEVEL
REVISION PACKAGE
 CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

SYLLABUS: Continuity and differentiability, Chain rule, Derivative of inverse trigonometric

functions, Derivative of implicit functions, Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions,
Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions, Logarithmic differentiation, derivative
of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives.

A
Definitions and Formulae:

Y
• Continuous function - A real valued function f(x) is said to be continuous, if it is

M
continuous at every point in the domain of f (x) .

B R
Continuity of a function at a point – A real valued function f(x) is said to be
continuous at

𝑥 = 𝑎 if

S A
H H
LHL= RHL= f (a)

T S
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = f (a)
𝑥→𝑎− 𝑥→𝑎

A H
• Derivative of a function- The derivative of a function f(x) is defined by
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim

M S
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑓(𝑎−ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Left Hand Derivative (LHD)= L𝑓 ′ (a)= lim −ℎ

E
ℎ→0

𝑓(𝑎+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Right Hand Derivative (RHD)= R𝑓 ′ (a)= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

R G
A real valued function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x= a if its LHD and RHD at
x=a exist and both are equal

U
Standard Derivatives

Sl. No Function Derivative

D 1
2
3
𝑥𝑛
K (constant)

√𝑥
n𝑥 𝑛−1
0
1
2√𝑥
4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
5 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
6 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
7 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
 8 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
9 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 -𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
10 𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
11 log 𝑒 𝑥 1
𝑥
12 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 1
√1 − 𝑥 2

13

Y
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 −1

A
M
√1 − 𝑥 2

B R
−1 1
14 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
1 + 𝑥2

S A
15 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 1
𝑥√𝑥 2 − 1

H
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥 −1

H
16
𝑥√𝑥 2 − 1

T
A H S
17

18
𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥

𝑎𝑥
−1
1 + 𝑥2
𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑒 𝑎

•
M S
Product Rule-

E
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
If y= u v then 𝑑𝑥 = u 𝑑𝑥 + v 𝑑𝑥

G
• Quotient Rule-

R
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
If y= then =
𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑣2

U
• Chain Rule-

D
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
If 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑡), then = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥

• Derivative of implicit functions- Let 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 be an implicit function of 𝑥, then to

𝑑𝑦
find , first differentiate both sides of the equation w.r.t x and then take all the
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
terms containing 𝑑𝑥 to LHS and remaining terms to the right , then find 𝑑𝑥 .

• Logarithmic Differentiation-

Used to differentiate functions of the form 𝑢(𝑥)𝑣(𝑥)

• Parametric Differentiation-
 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
If x=f (t) and y= g (t) then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡

• Second order derivative-

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦
If y= f(x) then the second order derivative is 𝑑𝑥 2 = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 )

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

A
Q.NO QUESTIONS AND SOLUTION

Y
1 𝑑2 𝑦
If y= a sin mx + b cos mx ,then 𝑑𝑥 2 is

M
(a) 𝑚2 𝑦 (b) −𝑚2 𝑦 (c) my (d) –my

B R
SOLUTION: Option (b)

S A
𝒅𝒚
= am cos mx – bm sin mx
𝒅𝒙

H H
𝑑2 𝑦
= -a𝑚2 sin mx - b𝑚2 cos mx
𝑑𝑥 2

T S
= -𝑚2 (a sin mx + b cos mx)

A H
= -𝑚2 y

2 𝑑
𝑙𝑜𝑔(x+ √𝑥 2 + 1) is equal to

M S
𝑑𝑥

(a) √𝑥 2 + 1 (b) 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 1

E
𝑥 1
(c) √𝑥 2 (d) √𝑥 2
+1 is +1

G
SOLUTION: Option (d)
𝑑𝑦 1 2𝑋

R
= [1+ ]
𝑑𝑥 x+ √𝑥 2 +1 2√𝑥 2 +1

U
1 x+ √𝑥 2 +1
= .
x+ √𝑥 2 +1 √𝑥 2 +1

D
1
= √𝑥 2
+1
3 −1 2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑑𝑢
If u = sin 1+𝑥 2 and v = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1−𝑥 2 , then 𝑑𝑣 is

1 1−𝑥 2
(a) (b) x (c) 1+𝑥 2 (d) 1
2

SOLUTION: Option (d)

Put x= tan𝜃

2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
u = sin−1 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 = sin−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 =2𝜃= 2 tan−1 𝑥
 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
v= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 = 2𝜃 = 2 tan−1 𝑥

𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥

=1

A
4 The points of discontinuity of the function

Y
2𝑥 + 3 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
f(x) = { are

M
2𝑥 − 3 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2

B R
(a) -2 (b) 2 (c) ±2 (d) (-2,2)

S A
SOLUTION: Option (b)

At x =2

H
LHL = 2(2)+3 =7

H
RHL = 2(2)-3 = 1

T
LHL ≠ 𝑅𝐻𝐿

S
So f(x) is not continuous at x=2

A H
X = 2 is the point of discontinuity.
5
Derivative of 𝑥 2 with respect to 𝑥 3 is

(a)
M S
1
𝑥
(b) 2𝑥
3
(c)
2
3𝑥
(d)
3𝑥
2

E
SOLUTION: Option (c)

G
u= 𝑥 2 v = 𝑥3

R
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2
= 𝑑𝑣 = 3𝑥 2 = 3𝑥
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥

U
6
3𝑥 − 5 , 𝑥≤4

D
If f(x) = { is continuous at x=4 then k is
2𝑘 , 𝑥>4
7 2 −7 −2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 7 2 7

SOLUTION: Option (a)

At x= 4
LHL = 3(4)-5 =7
RHL = 2k
LHL = RHL
7=2k
7
k= 2
 7 𝑑2 𝑦
If x = 𝑡 2 y= 𝑡 3 then 𝑑𝑥 2 is equal to

3 3 3 3𝑡
(a) 2
(b) 4𝑡
(c) 2𝑡
(d) 2

SOLUTION: Option (b)

𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒕 𝟑𝒕𝟐 𝟑𝒕
= 𝒅𝒙/𝒅𝒕 = =
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒕 𝟐

A
𝑑2 𝑦 𝟑 𝟏 3
= 𝟐 . 𝟐𝒕 = 4𝑡
𝑑𝑥 2

Y
8 The function f(x) =[x] is continuous at

(a) 4

B R M
SOLUTION: Option (d)
(b) -2 (c) 1 (d) 1.5

S A
Greatest integer function is not continuous at integral values.

H
9 𝑑𝑦 1 1
For the curve √𝑥 + √𝑦 = 1 , 𝑑𝑥 at (4 , 4 ) is

T
(a) 1

S H (b)
1
2
(c) -1 (d) none of these

A H
SOLUTION: Option (c)

√𝑥 + √𝑦 = 1

M S
1 1 𝑑𝑦
+2 =0
2√𝑥 √𝑦 𝑑𝑥

E
𝑑𝑦 −√𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥

G
𝑑𝑦 1 1
at (4 , 4 ) = -1
𝑑𝑥

R
10 log 𝑥
If y = , then 𝑦2 =
𝑥

U
3−2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥−3
(𝑎) (b)
𝑥3 𝑥3

D
2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥−3
(c) (d) 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒
𝑥4

SOLUTION: Option (b)

log 𝑥
y= 𝑥
𝟏
𝒅𝒚 𝒙( )−𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙
𝒙
=
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐

𝟏−𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙
= 𝒙𝟐

−𝑥2
− (1−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2𝑥 −𝑥−2𝑥+2𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥−3
𝑥
𝑦2 = = =
𝑥4 𝑥4 𝑥3
 Y A
B R M
S A
EXERCISE

1 𝑑2 𝑦

H
If y = a𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + b𝑒 −𝑚𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑥 2 is

H
(a) 𝑚2 𝑦 (b) −𝑚2 𝑦 (c) my (d) –my

T
Ans: (a)

A H S
The function f(x) = {
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥
𝑘
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥,
,
𝑥≠0
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
, is continuous at 𝑥 = 0, then value of 𝑘 is

M S
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 1.5
Ans: (b)

E
3 𝑑𝑦
If x= a𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 , y= a𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 then √1 + (𝑑𝑥 )2
(a) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 (b) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

G
(c) sec𝜃 (d) | sec𝜃|
Ans: (c )
4 The points of discontinuity of the function

R
3𝑥 + 5 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 2
f(x) = { are
𝑥 2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 2

U
(a) −2 (b) 2 (c) ±2 (d) (-2,2)
Ans: (b)

D
5 Find the value of k for which the given function is continuous

f(x)= {
2𝑥+2 −16
4𝑥 −16
𝑘
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 2
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 2
1 −1
(a) − 2 (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 2

Ans: (c )
 ASSERTION & REASONING QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of

Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

A
1 𝑑2 𝑦
Assertion(A) : If 𝑥 = 2𝑎𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑡 2 , then 𝑑𝑥 2 is constant for all t

Y
B R M
Reason (R ) : If 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) , 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) , then
𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
=
𝑓 ′ (𝑡)𝑔′′ (𝑡)−𝑔′ (𝑡)𝑓′′(𝑡)
(𝑓 ′ (𝑡))2

S A
SOLUTION: Option (c)

Explanation:

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=

T H
𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝑡

H
=
2𝑎𝑡
2𝑎
=t

S
𝑑2 𝑦 1

A H
= 1(2𝑎) which is a constant.
𝑑𝑥 2

So A is true

M S
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑑𝑡 (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 so R is false
𝑑𝑥 2

E
A is true but R is false
2
Assertion(A) : If the function f(x) = {𝑎√𝑥 + 1 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 is differentiable, then

G
𝑏𝑥 + 2, 3<𝑥≤5
2𝑎 = 3𝑏 + 2

R
Reason (R): Every continouou function is differentiable.

U
SOLUTION: Option (a)

Explanation:

D
LHL = lim 𝑓(3 − ℎ) = lim 𝑎√3 − ℎ + 1 = 2a
ℎ→0 ℎ→0

RHL =lim 𝑓(3 + ℎ)= lim 𝑏(3 + ℎ) + 2 = 3b+2

ℎ→0 ℎ→0
Since 𝑓 is differentiable, it is continuous so LHL = RHL
2𝑎 = 3𝑏 + 2
So A is true & R is also not true

3 Assertion (A): The function f(x) = |x| is everywhere continuous.

Reason (R): Every differentiable function is continuous.

SOLUTION: Option (b)

 Explanation:

LHL = lim 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) = lim |𝑎 − ℎ|=a

ℎ→0 ℎ→0

RHL =lim 𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ)= lim |𝑎 + ℎ| = a

ℎ→0 ℎ→0

f( a) = |a| =a

A
LHL= RHL= f (a) so f is continuous.

Y M
So A is true & R is true

B R
Both A and R true and R is not the correct explanation of A

S A
4
Assertion(A) : If 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) are two continuous functions such that
𝑓(0) = 3 , 𝑔( 0) = 2, then lim{𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)} =5

H
𝑥→0

H
Reason (R ) : If f(x) and g(x) are two continuous functions at x=a then

T S
lim {𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)} = lim 𝑓(𝑥) + lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

A H
SOLUTION: Option (a)
Explanation:

M S
By using algebra of limits
lim{𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)} = lim 𝑓(𝑥) + lim 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(0) + 𝑔(0) = 3 + 2 = 5
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0

E
So A is true and R is also true

Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation of A.

R G 𝑑3 𝑦
Assertion (A): If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑥 3 = −1 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0

𝑑𝑦

U
Reason (R ) : If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔’(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓’(𝑥)

SOLUTION: Option (b)

D Explanation:
y= sin x
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
= cos x

𝑑3 𝑦
= -sin x
𝑑𝑥 3

𝑑3 𝑦
= - cos x
𝑑𝑥 3

𝑑3 𝑦
=-1 at x=0
𝑑𝑥 3
 So A is true & R is product rule which is also true

Both A and R true and R is not the correct explanation of A

6
Assertion (A): If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥 + 2 , then 𝑓’(1) = 0
𝑑
Reason (R ) : 𝑑𝑥 (sin 𝑥) = cos x

A
SOLUTION: Option (b)

Y
Explanation:

M
f(x) = sin−1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑥 + 2

B R
1 −1
f’(x) = √1−𝑥2 +√1−𝑥 2 +0 =0

S A
f’(1) = 0 so A is true & R is also tue.

H H
Both A and R true and R is not the correct explanation of A
7

T
|𝑥|

S
Assertion (A): The function f(x) = is continuous at 𝑥 = 0
𝑥

A H
|𝑥| |𝑥|
Reason (R ) ∶ lim and lim+ are −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 respectively
𝑥→0− 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥

M S
SOLUTION: Option (d)

Explanation:

E
|𝑥| |𝑥|
LHL = lim = -1 , RHL = lim+ =1
𝑥→0− 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥

8
G
LHL≠ RHL

R
So A is false.
A is false but R is true

U
sin 5𝑥
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0
Assertion (A): If f(x) = { 𝑘 𝑥 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑘 = 15
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0

D
3
Reason (R ) ∶ If 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at a point 𝑥 = 𝑎 in its domain ,
then lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎

SOLUTION: Option (a)

Explanation:

sin 5(0−ℎ) sin −5ℎ

LHL =lim 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) = lim = lim5. =5
ℎ→0 ℎ→0 0−ℎ ℎ→0 −5ℎ

𝑘
f(a)= f(0) = 3

Since f is continuous LHL = RHL= f (a)

 𝑘/3 = 5
𝑘 = 15
Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation of A

9 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Assertion (A): If y= tan−1(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) , then 𝑑𝑥 =1

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝜋
Reason (R ) ∶ = tan ( 4 + 𝑥)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

A
SOLUTION: Option (a)

Y
Explanation:

B R M
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
y= tan−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)

1+tan 𝑥

S A
y= tan−1 (1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)

𝜋 𝜋
y= tan−1 (tan (4 + 𝑥)) = 4 + 𝑥

𝑑𝑦
=1

T H H
S
𝑑𝑥

A H
Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation of A

10 Assertion (A): The real valued function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7 is continuous at 𝑥 = 2

M S
Reason (R ) ∶ Every polynomial function is continuous.

SOLUTION: Option (a)

E
Both A & R are true
Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation of A.

R G EXERCISE

Assertion (A): Every continuous function is differentiable

U
Reason (R ) ∶ Every differentiable function is continuous.

D
Ans: (d)
2 Assertion (A): The function f(x) =[x], greatest integer function, is not differentiable at
integer points

Reason (R ) ∶ The greatest integer function is not continuous at integer points

Ans: (b)
3 𝑑𝑦 𝑎𝜋
Assertion (A): If y = sin a𝑥 0 , then 𝑑𝑥 = 180 cos a𝑥 0

Reason (R ) ∶ 𝜋 𝑐 = 1800
Ans: (a )
4 2𝑥
Assertion (A): If f(x) = 2tan−1 𝑥 + sin−1 1+𝑥 2 , 𝑓’(2) = 𝑓’(3)
 2𝑥
Reason (R ): sin−1 1+𝑥 2 = 2tan−1 𝑥 for all 𝑥.
Ans: (d)
5 Assertion (A): If 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎 , then lim 𝑓(𝑥) = f(a)
𝑥→𝑎
Reason (R ) ∶ Every differentiable function is continuous.
Ans: (a)
2 MARKS QUESTIONS

Q.NO QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS

A
1 For what value of 𝑘, is the following function continuous at 𝑥 = 0
1 − cos 4 x , when, x  0

Y

f(x)=  8 x 2

M
 k , when, x = 0

B R
SOLUTION:
1 − cos 4 x
lim f (x ) = lim

S A
x →0 x →0 8x 2
2 sin 2 2 x
= lim

H
x→0 8x 2

H
sin 2 x sin 2 x
= lim  lim

T
x →0 2x 2 x →0 2 x

S
=1 1 = 1
f (0) = k

A H
f ( x ) is continuous at x=0 if lim f (x ) = f (0)
x →0
k =1 ,

M S
2 𝑑𝑦 𝜋
If 𝑥 = 𝑎 (𝜃 − sin 𝜃)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑎 (1 − cos 𝜃), 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝜃 =
𝑑𝑥 2

E
SOLUTION:

G
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝜃

R
𝑑𝑦 𝑎 sin 𝜃
= 𝑎(1−cos 𝜃)
𝑑𝑥

U
𝜃 𝜃
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠
2 2
= 𝜃

D
2𝑠𝑖𝑛2
2

𝜃
= cot 2
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
at 𝜃 =
𝑑𝑥 2

𝜋
= cot 4 = 1
3 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) , 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃),find .
𝑑𝑥

SOLUTION:
 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝜃

𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−(−𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
= a(-sin𝜃+𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+sin𝜃)

𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

A
= tan𝜃

Y
4 If y= (tan−1 𝑥)2 ,show that (𝑥 2 + 1)2 𝑦2 +2x (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦1=2

M
SOLUTION:

B R
y= (tan−1 𝑥)2

S A
2 tan−1 𝑥
𝑦’ = 1+𝑥 2

H H
(1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦’ = 2 tan−1 𝑥

T S
2
(1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦’’ + 2𝑥𝑦’ = 1+𝑥 2

A H
(𝑥 2 + 1)2 𝑦2 +2x (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦1=2
5 𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑎+𝑦)
If 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑎 + 𝑦) , Prove that 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑎

M S
SOLUTION:

E
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑎 + 𝑦)
cos 𝑦

G
𝑥 = cos(𝑎+𝑦)

R
𝑑𝑥 −cos(𝑎 + 𝑦) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎 + 𝑦)
=
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎 + 𝑦)

U
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑎
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑎+𝑦)
𝑑𝑦

D
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑎+𝑦)
=
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑎

6 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
If 𝑦 = tan−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) , find 𝑑𝑦
SOLUTION:
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
y= tan−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)

Dividing by cos x
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
y= tan−1 (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
 𝜋
y= tan−1 tan( 4 − 𝑥)

𝜋
y=4−𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= −1
𝑑𝑥

A
7 Find all the points of discontinuity of the function
𝑥10 − 1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 1

Y
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1

SOLUTION:

At x = 1
B R M
S A
LHL= lim− 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎

H
= lim 𝑓(1 − ℎ)

H
ℎ→0

T
= lim (1 − ℎ)10 − 1

S
ℎ→0

A H
=0

RHL = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎

M S= lim 𝑓(1 + ℎ)
ℎ→0

E
= lim (1 + ℎ)2
ℎ→0

G
=1
Since LHL ≠RHL

R
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1

𝑆𝑜 𝑥 = 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦.

U
8 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
If y= cos −1 1+𝑥 2 , find 𝑑𝑦

D
SOLUTION:
2𝑥
y= cos −1 1+𝑥 2

Put x= tan θ
2𝑥
y= cos −1 1+𝑥 2

2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
y= cos −1 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃

y= cos −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
 𝜋
y= cos −1 cos( 2 − 2𝜃)

𝜋 𝜋
y= 2 − 2𝜃 = 2 − 2 tan−1 𝑥

−2
y = 1+𝑥 2

9 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥, then find

A
in terms of 𝑦 alone
𝑑𝑥

Y
SOLUTION:

M
y=tan−1 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 1+𝑥 2
1

B R
S A
𝑑𝑥

1 1
= 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦

10

T H H
Differentiate log (1+𝑥 2 ) with respect to tan−1 𝑥.

A H
SOLUTION:

S
Let u = log (1+𝑥 2 ) and v= tan−1 𝑥

M S
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢/𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣/𝑑𝑥

E
2𝑥
= 1+𝑥 2 .1+𝑥 2 = 2𝑥

R G
Find the value of 𝑘 for which
EXERCISE

U
√1+𝑘𝑥−√1−𝑘𝑥
, −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
f(x) = {2𝑥+1 𝑥
,0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1

D
𝑥−1
is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
Ans: 𝑘 = −1
2 Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 2 | is continuous at every x∈ 𝑅, but fails to be
differentiable at 𝑥 = −2

3 3𝑥 + 5 , 𝑥 ≥ 2
Check whether the function f(x) = { is continuous at 𝑥 = 2.
𝑥2, 𝑥<2
Ans: Not continuous
4 1 + 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 2
Prove that 𝑓(𝑥) = { is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 2.
5 − 𝑥, 𝑥 > 2
5 𝑑2 𝑦
If 𝑦 = 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 – 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 2 +y = 0
 3 MARK QUESTIONS

Q.NO QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS

1 𝑡
If 𝑥 = a(cost + log(tan2)) , 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡
𝑑2 𝑦 𝜋
find the value of at t=
𝑑𝑥 2 4
SOLUTION:

A
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Y
𝑑𝑡

M
𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
=

B R
𝑡 1
1.𝑠𝑒𝑐2
𝑎(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡+ 2 2)
𝑡
𝑡𝑎𝑛
2

S A
𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
= 𝑡
1./𝑐𝑜𝑠2
𝑎(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡+ 2 )
𝑡 𝑡
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 /𝑐𝑜𝑠
2 2

H H
𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
= 𝑡
1./𝑐𝑜𝑠2

T
𝑎(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡+ 2 )

S
𝑡 𝑡
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 /𝑐𝑜𝑠
2 2
𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
=

A H
1
𝑎(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡+ )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
= 1
(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡+ )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡

M S
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
= 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑡

E
= tan t
𝑑2 𝑦 1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 .𝑎 sect
𝑑𝑥 2

G
𝜋
= (1/a) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 ( 4 )
1
= 𝑎 2√2

R 1 − x 2 + 1 − y 2 = a ( x – y ) , prove that
dy
=
1− y2

U
If
dx 1− x2
SOLUTION:

D
Put x = sin α, y = sin β
cosα + cos β = a ( sin α – sin β )
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽 𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
2 Cos ( ) Cos ( ) = a 2 Cos ( )𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )
2 2 2 2

 − 
cot  = a
 2 
𝛼−𝛽
( 2 ) = cot-1a
α-β = 2 cot-1a
sin-1 x – sin-1 y = 2 cot-1a
1 1 𝑑𝑦
√1−𝑥 2
- 2 𝑑𝑥
=0
√1−𝑦
 dy 1− y2
=
dx 1 − x2

3 −1 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
If y = 𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 ,-1≤ x ≤ 1 , show that (1 - 𝑥 2 )𝑑2 𝑥 – x 𝑑𝑥 - 𝑎2 y = 0

SOLUTION:
−1
y = 𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
−1 𝑥

A
𝑑𝑦 −𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠
= √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −1 𝑥

Y
√1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠

M
𝑑2 𝑦

B R
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥 −1 𝑥 1
√1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 .√1−𝑥 2 = 𝑎2 𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 .√1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1 - 𝑥 2 )𝑑2 𝑥 – x 𝑑𝑥 - 𝑎2 y = 0

4
S A
If x √1 + 𝑦 + y√1 + 𝑥 = 0,for,-1<x<1,prove that

H H
𝑑𝑦 −1
= (1+𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥

T
SOLUTION:

A H S
x √1 + 𝑦 + y√1 + 𝑥 = 0

M S
x √1 + 𝑦 = y√1 + 𝑥

𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑦) = 𝑦 2 (1+x)

E
𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑦) = 𝑦 2 (1+x)

G
𝑥 2 +𝑥 2 y = 𝑦 2 +𝑦 2 x

R
𝑥 2 -𝑦 2 +𝑥 2 y-𝑦 2 x=0

U
(x + y)(x-y)+x y (x-y)=0

( x – y )[x + y + x y ] = 0

D [x + y + x y ] = 0

y(1+x) =-x

y = 1+𝑥
−𝑥

𝑑𝑦 (1+𝑥)(−1)−(−𝑥)
=
𝑑𝑥 (1+𝑥)2

−1
= (1+𝑥)2
5 3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , 𝑥 > 1
If the function f(x) = { 11, 𝑥 = 1
5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 , 𝑥 < 1
is continuous at x=1.Find the value of a & b.

SOLUTION:

At x=1
LHL= lim− 𝑓(𝑥)

A
𝑥→𝑎

= lim 𝑓(1 − ℎ)

Y
ℎ→0

M
= lim 5𝑎(1 − ℎ) − 2𝑏

B R
ℎ→0

= 5a-2b

S A
RHL = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎

H H
= lim 𝑓(1 + ℎ)
ℎ→0

T S
= lim 3𝑎(1 + ℎ) + 𝑏
ℎ→0

A H
= 3a + b

M S
Since f (x) is continuous LHL=RHL=f(1)

5a-2b = 3a+b = 11

E
On solving a= 3 b= 2
6 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦

G
If x= a (cost +t sin t) and y = a (sin t -t cos t) . Find 𝑑𝑥 . & . 𝑑𝑥 2
SOLUTION:
𝑑𝑥

R
= a (-sin t + t cos t + sin t) = at cos t
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦
= a ( cos t –(-t sin t +cos t) ) = at sin t

U
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑡
= = tan t

D
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝑡
𝑑2 𝑦 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑡
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 . 𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑡 =
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑎𝑡

7 𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
If y = √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + ⋯ … 𝑡𝑜 ∞. Prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑦−1
SOLUTION:

y = √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + ⋯ … 𝑡𝑜 ∞

y= √sin 𝑥 + 𝑦
 𝑦 2 = sin x + y
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2y = cos x +
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
(2y-1) =cos x
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
= 2𝑦−1
𝑑𝑥

A
8 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
If y= log ( x+ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) ,prove that (𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 + x 𝑑𝑥 =0

Y
SOLUTION:

M
y= log ( x+ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=

B R 1
x+ √𝑥 2 +𝑎2
[1+
2𝑥
2√𝑥 2 +𝑎2
]

S A
1 x+ √𝑥2 +𝑎2
= .
x+ √𝑥 2 +𝑎2 √𝑥 2 +𝑎2

H H
1
= √𝑥 2
+𝑎2

T S
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 =1
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2𝑋

A H
√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 2
+ 𝑑𝑥 . =0
2√𝑥 2 +𝑎2

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 + x 𝑑𝑥 =0

M S
If x y = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 . Find 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦

SOLUTION:

E
x y = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦

R G
log x y = log 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦

log x y = x-y

U
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 +𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 1- 𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑦

D
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = x y – x y 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
(x + x y) = (x y -y)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 (x y −y)
=
𝑑𝑥 (x + x y)

10 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
If y= sin−1 𝑥 , prove that (1-𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 -x 𝑑𝑥 =0
SOLUTION:
y= sin−1 𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 1
= √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
√1 − 𝑥 2 =1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥
√1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 . =0
𝑑𝑥 2 √√1−𝑥2

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1-𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 -x 𝑑𝑥 =0

Y A
M
EXERCISE

B R
1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
𝑥2

S A
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
√𝑥
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
{√16+√𝑥−4

H H
Determine a so that f(x) is continuous at x = 0

T
Ans: 𝑎 = 8

S
2 𝑑𝑦
If (cos 𝑥)𝑦 = (sin 𝑦)𝑥 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 .

A H
𝑑𝑥
𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
Ans: 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝜋 𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦

M S
3 If x = a (cost + t sin t) and y = a (sin t – t cost), 0 < t < 2 , then find , 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑡
Ans: -at sin t+ a cost , at cos t+ a sin t,

E
𝑎𝑡
1
4 𝑥
If y= (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) + (𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) .Find 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦

𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥+1−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

G
Ans: (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝑥 [1-tanx+log(xcosx)+(𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)1/𝑥 [ ]
𝑥2
5 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑡, prove that (1-𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 -x𝑑𝑥 +𝑝2 𝑦 = 0

R
U
5 MARK QUESTIONS

Q.NO QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS

D
1 Differentiate the function f(x) = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 with respect to x.

SOLUTION:
Y = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Y=u+v
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 -------(1)
𝑑𝑥

u= 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
log u = log 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙

log u = sin x log x

 1 𝑑𝑢 sin 𝑥
= +cos x log x
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 sin 𝑥
= 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 [ +cos x log ] ------(2)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

V= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

log v = log 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

A
log v = cos x log sinx

Y
1 𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

M
= − sin 𝑥 log sin 𝑥
𝑣 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑥

B R
𝑑𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
= sinx cosx [ sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log sin 𝑥 ]------(3)
𝑑𝑥

S A
Substituting in (1)

H
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
= 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 [ +cos x log ] + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 [ sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log sin 𝑥 ]

H
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

T S
2 2𝑥+1
Differentiate the function f(x) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1+4𝑥 ) with respect to x.

A H
SOLUTION:
𝟐𝒙+𝟏
y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝟏+𝟒𝒙 )

M S
𝟐𝒙 .𝟐
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( 𝟐 )
𝟏+(𝟐𝒙)

E
Put 2𝑥 = tan 𝜃

2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃

G
Y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃)

R
Y = sin−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃

Y = 2𝜃

UY = 2tan−1 2𝑥

D
𝒅𝒚 1 𝑑
= 2 1+(2𝑥 )2 . 𝑑𝑥(2𝑥 )
𝒅𝒙

𝑑𝑦 2
= 1+(4𝑥 ) . 2𝑥 log 2
𝑑𝑥

2𝑥+1
= 1+(4𝑥 ) log 2
3 Determine the values of a, b and c for which the function
sin(𝑎 + 1) 𝑥 + sin 𝑥
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0
√𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 2 − √𝑥
3 ,𝑥 > 0
{ 𝑏𝑥 2
Is continuous at x=0.
SOLUTION:

A
LHL = lim− 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→0

Y
= lim 𝑓(0 − ℎ)
ℎ→0

M
sin(𝑎+1)(0−ℎ)+sin(0−ℎ)

B R
= lim
ℎ→0 0−ℎ

− sin(𝑎+1)ℎ sin(−ℎ)
= lim +

S A
ℎ→0 −ℎ −ℎ

= a+1 +1

T H H
=a+2

S
RHL = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→0

A H =lim 𝑓(0 + ℎ)
ℎ→0

M S
√𝑥+𝑏𝑥 2 −√𝑥 √𝑥+𝑏𝑥 2 +√𝑥
= lim 3 . √𝑥+𝑏𝑥 2 +√𝑥
ℎ→0 𝑏𝑥 2

E
𝑥+𝑏𝑥 2 −𝑥
= lim 3
ℎ→0 𝑏𝑥 2 (√𝑥+𝑏𝑥 2 +√𝑥)

G
√𝑥
= lim
ℎ→0 √𝑥(√1+𝑏𝑥+1)

R =2
1

U
=
f (0) = c

D
Since f (x) is continuous LHL=RHL=f(o)
1
a+2 = 2 = c

−3 1
a= , c=2 , b any real number other than 0.
2
 EXERCISE

1 𝑑𝑦 √1+𝑥 2 +√1−𝑥 2
Find 𝑑𝑥 if y=tan−1 [√1+𝑥 2 ], 0 <|𝑥| < 1.
−√1−𝑥 2

−𝑥
Ans: √1−𝑥 4

A
𝑦
2 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑎
If (a+ bx) 𝑒 𝑥 = x then prove that x. 𝑑𝑥 2 = (𝑎+𝑏𝑥)2

Y
3 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
If 𝑥 𝑝 𝑦 𝑞 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑝+𝑞 , Prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥

B R M CASE BASED QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

S A
Sonia was noticing the path traced by a crawling insect and she observed that the

H
path traced is given by

H
x= a𝑡 2 , y = 2at
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

T S
𝑑𝑥
(i) Find 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦

A H
(ii) Find
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
(iii) Find 𝑑𝑥 2
at t =4
OR

M S
𝑑2 𝑥
Find 𝑑𝑦 2 at t =4

E
SOLUTION:

x= a𝑡 2 , y = 2at

R G
(i)

(ii)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 2at

𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑡
= 𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝑡 = 2𝑎𝑡 = 𝑡
2𝑎 1

U
𝑑2 𝑦 −1 1 −1
(iii) 𝑑𝑥 2
= 𝑡2
x 2𝑎𝑡 = 2𝑎𝑡 3

D
−1
At t = 4 = 128𝑎

OR

𝑑2 𝑥 1
𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 4 = 2𝑎
𝑑𝑦 2

2 Let f(x) be a real valued function. Then its

𝑓(𝑎−ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Left Hand Derivative (LHD): L𝑓 ′ (a)= lim −ℎ
ℎ→0
𝑓(𝑎+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Right Hand Derivative (RHD): R𝑓 ′ (a)= lim ℎ
ℎ→0
 Also a function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x= a if its LHD and RHD at
x=a exist and both are equal.
|𝒙 − 𝟑|, 𝑥 ≥ 1
For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 3𝑥 13
− 2 + 4 𝑥<1
4
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is RHD of f(x) at x= 1?
(ii) What is LHD of f(x) at x=1?
(iii) (a) Check if the function f(x) is differentiable at x=1

A
OR
(b) Find 𝑓 (2) and 𝑓 ′ (−1)
′

Y
SOLUTION:

M
𝑓(1+ℎ)−𝑓(1)
RHD of f(x) at x= 1 = lim

B R
(i) ℎ
ℎ→0
|1+ℎ−3|−|−2|
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

S A
2−ℎ−2
= lim = -1
ℎ→0 ℎ

H H
𝑓(1−ℎ)−𝑓(1)
(ii) LHD of f(x) at x=1 = lim −ℎ
ℎ→0

T S
−1 (1−ℎ)2 3(1−ℎ) 13
= lim [ − + − 2]
ℎ→0 ℎ 4 2 4

A H
ℎ2 −2ℎ+1−6+6ℎ+13−8
= lim
ℎ→0 −4ℎ

M S
ℎ2 +4ℎ
= lim = -1
ℎ→0 −4ℎ

E
(iii) (a) Since LHD of f(x) at x=1 = RHD of f(x) at x=1, f(x) is differentiable at
x=1

G
OR

R
𝑥 − 3, 𝑥 ≥ 3
(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 23 − 𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 3

U
𝑥 3𝑥 13
− 2 + 4 𝑥<1
4

[𝑓 ′ (𝑥)] at x=2 = 0-1=-1

D
3
[𝑓 ′ (𝑥)] at x=-1=
2(−1)
4
3
− 2 = -2

A potter made a mud vessel, where the shape of the pot is based on

f(x)= |x-3|+|x-2|, where f(x) represents the height of the pot.

Based on the above information answer the following questions.
(i) Find the value of [f (2.3)] where [a] represent the greatest integer ≤ a.
 (ii) What is the value of 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) at x=4
(iii) Show that f is continuous at x=2
OR
Show that f is not differentiable at x=3

SOLUTION:
(i) f(x) = |x-3|+|x-2|

A
f(2.3) = |2.3-3|+|2.3-2| = 0.7+0.3 =1

Y
[f(2.3)] =[1] =1

M
5 − 2𝑥, 𝑥 < 2

B R
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 1, 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
2𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 > 3

S A
𝑓 ′ (4) = 2

H
(iii) LHL = lim−|𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 2|

H
𝑥→2

T
=lim |2 − ℎ − 3| + |2 − ℎ − 2| =1

S
ℎ→0

A H
RHL = lim+ |𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 2|
𝑥→2

=lim |2 + ℎ − 3| + |2 + ℎ − 2| =1

M S
ℎ→0

f(2) = |2-3|+|2-2| = 1

E
Since LHL=RHL=f(2), f is continuous at x=2.

G
OR

5 − 2𝑥, 𝑥 < 2

R
𝑓(𝑥) = { 1, 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
2𝑥 − 5, 𝑥>3

U
L𝑓 ′ (3) =0, and R𝑓 ′ (3) =2
Since L𝑓 ′ (3) ≠ R𝑓 ′ (3), f is not differentiable at x=3.

D
EXERCISE

1 If a relation between x & y is such that y cannot be expressed in terms of x, then y

is called an implicit function of x. When a given relation expresses y as an
𝑑𝑦
implicit function of x and we want to find 𝑑𝑥 , then we differentiate every term of
the given relation w.r.t x, remembering that a term in y is first differentiated w.r.t
𝑑𝑦
y and then multiplied by 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦
Based on the above information, find the value of 𝑑𝑥 in each of the following
(i) 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 =81
(ii) 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦
(iii) 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦
OR
 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦 = 1
−(3𝑥 2 +2𝑥𝑦+𝑦 2 ) 𝑥−𝑦 1/𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
Ans: (𝑖) ,(ii) 𝑥(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥+1) , (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 1 𝑜𝑟
(𝑥 2 +2𝑥𝑦+3𝑦 2 ) (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦− ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑦
𝑦

2 If y= f (u) is a differentiable function of u and u= g(x) is a differentiable function

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
of x ,then y= f(g(x))is a differentiable function of x and = 𝑋 . This
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
rule is known as CHAIN RULE.
𝑑𝑦
Based on the above information find the value of 𝑑𝑥 in each of the following

A
(i) cos√𝑥
1

Y
(ii) 7𝑥+𝑥
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
tan−1 𝑏 +𝑎 tan−1 𝑎

M
(iii) 𝑏

B R
OR

S A
𝑥
sec −1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 √𝑥 2
−1
1
−𝑠𝑖𝑛√𝑥 𝑥+ 1
Ans: (i) (ii) 7 𝑥 log7 (1- 𝑥 2 )

H
2 √𝑥
1 1 2

H
(iii) 𝑥 2 +𝑏2 + or
𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑥√𝑥 2 −1

T
A H S
M S
E
R G
U
D
𝑲𝒆𝒚 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒑𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝑹𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓

𝐴 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑖𝑓 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)

𝑥→𝑎
𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎,
𝑖𝑓 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)

A
𝑥→𝑎− 𝑥→𝑎+
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝑓(𝑎)

Y
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑒: 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠

M
𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1). lim = 𝑛 𝑎𝑛−1 2). lim = 1, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑛

B R
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑎𝑥 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −1
3). lim = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 4). lim = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 = 1
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥

S A
𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝑺𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔
No Mistakes Remarks

H H
1 When to Consider LHL and Generally when ≤ ≥ > < Conditions

T
RHL are given, Modulus, Steps Function

S
questions

A H
2 Basic Standard Limits Formula test and more practice
3 Phobia for steps and attempting Discussion of various Model Questions

M S
4 Conclusion not proper Practice in class tests
5 Finding LHL and RHL without Explain LHL and RHL

E
Limits

G
3 Marks and 5 Marks Questions
𝑥 4 −16
, 𝑥≠2
1). 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = {

R
𝑥−2
16, 𝑥 = 2,
𝑥 4 − 16

U
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 − 2 , 𝑥 ≠ 2
16, 𝑥 = 2,

D
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(2) = 16
𝑥 4 − 16 𝑥 4 − 24
𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 4. (2)4−1 = 32
𝑥→2 𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→2 𝑥−2
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑓 , 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎), 32 ≠ 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎
𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2

2𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 ≤ 2
2. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2.
2𝑥 − 3, 𝑥 > 2,
2𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2
2𝑥 − 3, 𝑥 > 2,
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(2) = 4 + 3 = 7
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 (2𝑥 + 3) = 7
𝑥→2− 𝑥→2
𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→2+
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚 (2𝑥 − 3) = 1
𝑥→2
𝐿𝐻𝐿 𝑅𝐻𝐿, 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠
𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2

Y A
M
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

B R
3. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

S A
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = 0

H
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(0) = 0 + 1 = 1

H
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 =1

T
𝑥

S
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎), 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥→𝑎

A H |𝑥|
4. 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0

M S
0, 𝑥 = 0
|𝑥|
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0

E
0, 𝑥 = 0
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(0) = 0

G
|𝑥| |0 − ℎ| |ℎ|
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = −1
𝑥→0 𝑥→0− 𝑥 ℎ→0 0 − ℎ 𝑥→0 −ℎ

R
𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→0+
|𝑥| |0 + ℎ| |ℎ|
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 =1

U
𝑥→0+ 𝑥 ℎ→0 0+ℎ 𝑥→0 ℎ
𝐿𝐻𝐿 𝑅𝐻𝐿
𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠

D
𝑥→𝑎
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≥ 1
5. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑥 < 1.
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≥ 1
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 < 1.
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(1) = 1 + 1 = 2
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 (𝑥 + 1) = 2
𝑥→1− 𝑥→1
𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑥 2 + 1) = 2
𝑥→1+ 𝑥→1
𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝑓(𝑎) = 2,  𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
 √1 + 𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥
6. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0 𝑖𝑓, 𝑓(𝑥) = { , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0.
√1 + 𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = { , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

A
1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0.

Y
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(0) = 1

𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥→0
𝐿𝑖𝑚
𝑥→0

B R M
√1+𝑥− √1− 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
1+𝑥−1+𝑥
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚
𝑥→0
√1+𝑥− √1− 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
( √1+𝑥+ √1− 𝑥 )
√1+𝑥+ √1− 𝑥
=

S A
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚
𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ( √1+𝑘𝑥+ √1− 𝑘𝑥 )
2𝑥 𝑥 2 2

H
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 1. = 1

H
𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ( √1+𝑥+ √1− 𝑥 ) 𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥→0 ( √1+𝑥+ √1− 𝑥 ) 2

T
𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎) 1 = 𝑓(𝑎) = 1,

S
𝑥→𝑎

 𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0

A H
7. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦

M S
√1 + 𝑘𝑥 − √1 − 𝑘𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
2𝑥 + 1

E
{ , 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1.
𝑥−1
√1 + 𝑘𝑥 − √1 − 𝑘𝑥

G
, 𝑖𝑓 − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
2𝑥 + 1
, 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1.

R
{ 𝑥−1
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(0) = −1

U
√1+𝑘𝑥− √1− 𝑘𝑥
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚
𝑥→0− 𝑥→0 𝑥

D
√1+𝑘𝑥− √1− 𝑘𝑥 ( √1+𝑘𝑥+ √1− 𝑘𝑥 )
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚 =
𝑥→0 𝑥 √1+𝑘𝑥+ √1− 𝑘𝑥
1+𝑘𝑥−1+𝑘𝑥
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚
𝑥→0 𝑥 ( √1+𝑘𝑥+ √1− 𝑘𝑥 )
2𝑘𝑥 2𝑘 2𝑘
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = = 𝑘
𝑥→0 𝑥 ( √1+𝑘𝑥+ √1− 𝑘𝑥 ) 𝑥→0 ( √1+𝑘𝑥+ √1− 𝑘𝑥 ) 2
2𝑥+1
𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 = −1
𝑥→0+ 𝑥→0 𝑥−1

𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)

𝑥→𝑎

𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝑓(𝑎),  𝑘 = −1

 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝜋
, 𝑥≠
8. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝜋−2𝑥 𝜋
2
3, 𝑥 =
2
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝜋
, 𝑥≠ 𝜋
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝜋 − 2𝑥 2
𝜋 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓 ( ) = 3

A
2
3, 𝑥 =
2

Y
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

M
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝜋 𝜋 − 2𝑥

B R
𝑥→ 𝑥→
2 2
𝜋 𝑡 𝜋
𝜋 − 2𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑥 = − , 𝐴𝑠 𝑥 → , 𝑡→0
2 2 2

S A
𝜋 𝑡 𝑡
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( − ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 𝑘
2 2 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑡 2

H
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚 =𝑘 =

H
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡
→0 2 2
2 2

T S
𝑘
𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎), =3 → 𝑘=6
𝑥→𝑎 2

A H
5, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
9. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠, 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑖𝑓 2 < 𝑥 < 10

M S
21, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 10

5, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2

E
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑖𝑓 2 < 𝑥 < 10
21, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 10

G
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2: 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(2) = 5

R
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 5 = 5
𝑥→2− 𝑥→2

𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 2𝑎 + 𝑏

U
𝑥→2+ 𝑥→2

𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)

D
𝑥→𝑎

𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝑓(𝑎), 5 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5

2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5 … … … … … . (1)
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 10:
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(10) = 21
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 10𝑎 + 𝑏
𝑥→10− 𝑥→10

𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→10+

= 𝐿𝑖𝑚 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 21
𝑥→10
𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎

𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝑓(𝑎), 10𝑎 + 𝑏 = 21 = 21

10𝑎 + 𝑏 = 21 … … … … … . (2)
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5 … … … … … . (1)

A
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 1

Y
√𝑥

M
, 𝑥≠0
10. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ′𝑎′𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠, 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = {√16 + √𝑥 − 4

B R
𝑎, 𝑥=0
√𝑥
, 𝑥≠0

S A
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = { √16+√𝑥 −4
𝑎, 𝑥=0

H
√𝑥 √16+√𝑥+4

H
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚
𝑥→0+ 𝑥→0 √16+√𝑥 −4 √16+√𝑥+4

= 𝐿𝑖𝑚
𝑥→0
T
A H S
√𝑥(√16+√𝑥+4)
16+√𝑥 −16
= 𝐿𝑖𝑚
𝑥→0
√𝑥(√16+√𝑥+4)
√𝑥

= 𝐿𝑖𝑚(√16 + √𝑥 + 4)

M S
𝑥→0

=4+4= 8

E
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠, 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎), 𝑎 =8

G
𝑥→𝑎

R
3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 > 1
11. 𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓(𝑥) = { 11 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1
5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 1

U
3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 > 1
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = { 11 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1

D
5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 1
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(1) = 11
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 (3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = 3𝑎 + 𝑏
𝑥→1− 𝑥→1
𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚 (5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏) = 5𝑎 − 2𝑏
𝑥→1+ 𝑥→1
𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝑓(𝑎), 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 11
3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 11 … … . (1) 5𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 11 … … … (2)
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏=2
Topic: Differentiation
FORMULAE
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 𝑛 ) = n𝑥 𝑛−1 (𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 1
(𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (logx) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

A
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(sinx) = cosx (cosx) = – sinx) (tanx) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Y
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(Cotx) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (secx) = secxtan x (Cosec) = −cosecxcotx

M
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑 1

B R
(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥) = ± (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥) = ±
−1
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑑 1
(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑥) = ±

S A
𝑑𝑥 𝑥√𝑥 2 − 1
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑢 𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Product Rule (𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 +𝑣 Quotient Rule ( )=

H
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2

H
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
Chain Rule = × and = × ×

T
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥

A H S
Key Factor & common mistake
1) Read and identify the question properly
2) Avoid the mistakes while applying Chain Rule, Log functions

M S
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
3) In parametric functions = 𝑑𝑥 where t, is a parameter
𝑑𝑥

E
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4) In higher derivatives diff w.r.t x i.e
𝑑𝑥
(𝑑𝑥 ) =𝑑𝑥 2 ≠ (𝑑𝑥 ) 2

G
5) In inverse function taking care of sign, square, square root etc
6) Generally to forget differentiable function only show continuous function

R
7) log(uv) = logu + logv and not log (u +v) = logu + logv

U
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1). Differentiate w.r.t x: sin (𝑥 2 + 10)

D
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
Sol: = cos(𝑥 2 + 10) (𝑥 2 + 10) = 2𝑥cos𝑥 2 + 10)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2). Find 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦 = 1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
Solution: (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦) = (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
2 sin x cos x + 2 cos y (-siny) =0 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑦

3
3). Find the derivative of 𝑒 𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 3
Solution: = 𝑒𝑥 (𝑥 3 ) = 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
4). Find 𝑖𝑓 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦
𝑑𝑥

A
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
Solution: 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Y
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦−𝑦 𝑦(𝑥−1)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 (1 − ) ∴ = =

M
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑥𝑦 𝑥(1+𝑦)

B R
5). Find the second order derivative of logx

S A
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 1 1
Solution: = ( )= ( )=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2

H
𝑑2𝑦

H
6). Find 𝑜𝑓𝑥 2 +3x+2
𝑑𝑥 2

T
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 2𝑦

S
Solution: Differentiate w.r.t x = 2𝑥 + 3 ∴ =2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2

A H
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝑥 −1
1). Find 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 =

M S
𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −1
𝑑 (𝑒𝑥 −1) 𝑑
𝑑𝑦 (𝑒 𝑥 +1) −𝑒 𝑥 −1) (𝑒 𝑥 −1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: Using Quotient formula =

E
𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 +1)2
𝑑𝑦 2𝑒 𝑥
=( 𝑥

G
𝑑𝑥 𝑒 + 1)2
𝑑𝑦
2). If y = 2logx—3sinx+𝑒 𝑥 ; find

R
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 1
Solution: =2 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) − 3 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) + (𝑒 𝑥 ) = 2 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

U
D
𝑑𝑦 1
3). Find when y= (2𝑢3 + 1)and u= 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥3
−5 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 2 𝑑𝑦 −4
Solution: = 6𝑢2 , = 𝑥 3 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = -- , x≠0
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
𝑑𝑢
2
4). Differentiate w.r.t x, 𝑒 −𝑥 sin (log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑 𝑑 2
Solution: = 𝑒 −𝑥 (sin(log 𝑥)) + sin(log 𝑥) (𝑒 −𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑥(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
= 𝑒 −𝑥 ( − 2𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
 𝜋 𝑥
5). Differentiate w.r.t. x: log{tan ( + )}
4 2
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 𝜋 𝑥
Solution: Let the function be y = 𝜋 𝑥 (tan ( + )
𝑑𝑥 tan ( + ) 𝑑𝑥 4 2
4 2

𝑑𝑦 1 1 1 𝑑𝑦
= 𝜋 𝑥) = 𝜋 2𝑥 = = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛{2( + )} sin ( + ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥

A
4 2 2 𝑥

𝑑
6). Prove that: (𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (tan 𝑥) = −1)

Y
𝑑𝑥

M
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑
Solution: Diff w.r.t x − (tan x)

B R
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
=− 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 = −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥

S A
2𝑥
7). Differentiate w. r. t x: 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ), |𝑥| ≪ 1
1 + 𝑥2

H H
2𝑥
Solution: Let it be y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ), |𝑥|
1+𝑥 2

let x = tan𝜃

T
A H
y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin2𝜃)

y = 2𝜃, y =2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 x
S ∴
𝑑𝑦
=
2

M S
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
8). If y = xsiny, prove that 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 cos 𝑦

E
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
Solution: Diff w.r.t x = 𝑥 cos 𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

G
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑦
∴𝑥 = = -
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 1−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

R
U
9). Differentiate w. r .t x: cos(𝑥 𝑥 )
Solution: let the function be y, u=𝑥 𝑥

D 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
y = cosu,

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=-sinu,

=
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
×
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
=𝑥 𝑥 (1+logx)

= − sin𝑥 𝑥 (1+sinx)𝑥 𝑥

𝑥
10). Diff w. r.t, y = 𝑥 𝑥
Solution: Taking log both sides log y = 𝑥 𝑥 logx diff w. r .t, x
 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑥
= + logx𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log x), value of y goes up of other side
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

3 MARKS QUESTIONS (Average and Hot Question)

𝑑 𝑥 𝑎2 𝑥
1). Prove: ( √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ) = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 2 2 2

A
Solution: Apply product rule and inverse formula:

Y
1 1 𝑎2 1 1
x × (−2𝑥) + √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ) +
2√𝑎2 −𝑥 2

M
2 2 2 𝑎
√1−𝑥2
𝑎

B R
−𝑥 2 +𝑎2 +𝑎2 −𝑥 2
= √𝑎2 _𝑥 2
2√𝑎2 −𝑥 2

S A
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦)
2). If siny = x sin (a + y) then prove that =
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎

H
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦

H
Solution: x= by QUOTIENT FORMULA
sin (𝑎+𝑦)

T S
𝑑𝑦
= (sin(a + y) cosy — siny cos(a + y) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

A H
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦)
=
𝑑𝑥 sin (𝑎+𝑦−𝑦)

M S
𝑑𝑦 𝐶𝑂𝑆 2 (𝑎+𝑦)
3). If cosy —xcos(a + y) with cosa ≠ ±1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑡 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑑2𝑦

E
𝑑𝑦
Hence show sin 𝑎 +sin2(a+y) =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

G
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
Solution: If √1 − 𝑥 2 +√1 − 𝑦 2 = a (x—y), show that =√
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2

R
Putting x= sin 𝛼 and y = sin𝛽 then we get
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 𝑎 (sin 𝛼 − sin 𝛽)

U
𝛼+𝛽) 𝛼−𝛽 𝛼−𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
2 cos ( ) cos ( )= 2a cos( ) sin( )
2 2 2 2

D
𝛼 − 𝛽 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑎
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
=√
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝜋
4). If x = cost (3—2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡(3 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡) Then find 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 =
𝑑𝑥 4
𝑑𝑥
ANS: DIFF both sides = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡) … … . . .1)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
And =3costcos2t ………………….2) from 1 ,2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑡 𝑎𝑡 is = 1
𝑑𝑥 4
 𝑑𝑦 𝜋 𝜋
5). If x= a sin2t (1 + cos2t) and y=bcos2t(1—cos2t), find 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 =
𝑑𝑥 4 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
ANS: Diff w.r.t x = 2𝑎(cos4t+cos2t) and =2b (sin4t—sin2t)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

A
𝑑𝑦 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡−𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 𝜋 𝑏 𝜋 𝑏 √3
So, = { } at = and =
𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 4 𝑎 3 𝑎

Y
𝑑𝑦
6). 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 , 𝐼𝑓 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 𝑥𝑦

M
𝑑𝑥

B R
2 2) 𝑑𝑦 2 2
Solution: Diff w. r. t x ∶ 4𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥) = 𝑦 − 4𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦 )
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦 − 4𝑥(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )

S A
=
𝑑𝑥 4𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) − 𝑥

H
1−𝑥 𝑥+2

H
7). Diff w. r. t. x: f(x) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1−2𝑥)
1+𝑥

T S
𝑎−𝑏)
Solution: Using 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
1+𝑎𝑏

A H
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛− 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2
𝑑𝑓 −2
Diff we get =

M S
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

√1+𝑥 2 −1
8). Differentiate𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )w.r.t. to 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≠ 0(2013 F)

E
𝑥

Solution: Let the first function be u and the other be v

G
Put x = tan𝜃 so 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝜃

R
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃−1 𝜃 1
U= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 { } , u=𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 2 2
𝑑𝑢 1

U
= ……….1)
𝑑𝑥 2(1+𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑣 1 𝑑𝑢 1

D
= ………………2) =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 2
𝑑𝑦
9). If 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 , then find
𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let u=𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑣 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 𝑎𝑏 diff w.r.t.x

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
+ = 0 taking log both sides
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
=𝑥 𝑦 { + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 } … … . . .1) and = 𝑦𝑥 { + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦)} … … .2)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Adding 1 and 2 and simplify get

 𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑥 𝑦−1 + 𝑦 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦
=− 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑥−1
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
10). If 𝑒 𝑦 (𝑥 + 1) = 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 = ( )2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 −𝑒 𝑦
Solution: Differentiate w.r.t. x(x+1)𝑒 𝑦 = −𝑒 𝑦 =

A
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥+1)𝑒 𝑦

𝑑𝑦 −1 𝑑2𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦

Y
= (𝑥+1) again, diff get = (1+𝑥)2 = ( )2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

M
𝑑2𝑦

B R
𝑑𝑦
11). If log y = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (1+𝑥 2 ) 2
+ (2x—1) =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1
=

S A
Differentiating w.r.t x
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
so (1+𝑥 2 ) =y again diff

H
𝑑𝑥

H
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1+𝑥 2) ) + (2𝑥 − 1) =0

T S
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦
12). If 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛 prove

A H
=0
𝑑𝑥 2

Solution: Taking log both sides m logx+ n logy = (m + n) log(x + y)

M S
𝑚 𝑛 𝑑𝑦 𝑚+𝑛 𝑑𝑦
Diff + = {1 + }
𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑥

E
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
After simplifying get = again diff
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

G
𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑑2𝑦 −𝑦 0
𝑑𝑥
= = =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥2 𝑋2

R
𝑚𝑥 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
13). If y = A 𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥 , show that − (𝑚 + 𝑛) + 𝑚𝑛𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

U
More Questions for Practice:
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
1. Differentiate: 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) with respect to x.

D
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙

𝒙
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒅 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐
Sol. Let 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 −𝟏
( 𝒙
𝟐
)
𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟐 𝟐

𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒅 𝒙
−𝟏
= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( 𝟐
𝒙 ) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝒄𝒐𝒕 )
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒙 𝟐
𝟐

𝒅 𝝅 𝒙 𝒅 𝝅 𝒙 −𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 [𝒕𝒂 𝒏 ( − )] = ( − 𝟐) = .
𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝟐

2. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 3|, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3.
 𝑥 − 3 𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 ≥ 3
Sol. 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 3| = { } 𝑊𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑓(3) = |3 − 3| =0.
−(𝑥 − 3)𝑖𝑓 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 < 3

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3 + ℎ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 (3 + ℎ) − 3 = 0

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3 − ℎ) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 − (3 − ℎ − 3) = 0

A
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3) So 𝑓(𝑥) is contiuous at 𝑥 = 3.

Y
𝑓(3 + ℎ) − 𝑓(3) (3 + ℎ − 3) − 0 ℎ
Now, 𝑅𝐻𝐷 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 = 1

M
ℎ ℎ ℎ

B R
𝑓(3) − 𝑓(3 − ℎ) 0 − (3 − ℎ − 3) ℎ
𝐿𝐻𝐷 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚ℎ→0 = −1
−ℎ −ℎ −ℎ

S A
Since 𝐿𝐻𝐷 ≠ 𝑅𝐻𝐷 so 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3.

H
𝑑2𝑦 𝜋
= 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝜃, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑

H
3. If 𝑥 2
at 𝜃 = .
𝑑𝑥 4

T S
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Sol. = 𝑎. 3𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜗, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 and = 𝑎. 3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜗, 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜗
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃

A H
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃 𝑎.3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜗,𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜗 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
= 𝑑𝑥 = = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝑥 𝑎.3𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜗,𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃

M S
𝑑𝜃

𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃

E
𝑑𝑥 2 3
𝑑𝑥 3𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 3𝑎
𝑑2𝑦 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋 1 1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑐𝑜𝑡 = ( )4 . 1 =

G
(𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = ) = .
𝑑𝑥 2 4 3𝑎 4 4 3𝑎 √2 12𝑎

𝑑2𝑦

R
𝑑𝑦
4. If 𝑦 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)2 , prove that (1 − 𝑥 2 ) −𝑥 − 2 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

U
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 2 4(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)2 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
Sol. = 2(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥). ; ( ) = = ;( ) (1 − 𝑥 2 ) = 4𝑦 .
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 (1−𝑥 2 ) 1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

D
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
Again diff. with respect to x, we get 2 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) + ( ) (−2𝑥) =4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
𝑑𝑥
((1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2
− 𝑥.
𝑑𝑥
) = 4 𝑑𝑥 = (1 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 2
−𝑥
𝑑𝑥
− 2 = 0.

𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
5. 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 𝑦 =𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 , prove that = .
𝑑𝑥 (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2

Sol. 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 Taking log on both sides, 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒

𝑥
𝑦(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 1
 𝒅𝒚 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟏 −𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙
Diff wrt x , we get = =
𝒅𝒙 (𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙)𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙)𝟐

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥+1
6. Find , 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
𝑑𝑥 1+4 𝑥

2𝑥+1 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
Sol. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = ( ) . Let 2𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 or 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃

A
1+4 𝑥

2𝑥+1 𝑙𝑜𝑔2

Y
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑 2
𝑦 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2𝑥 . Diff. wrt x, we get = . 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 = .
𝑑𝑥 1+(2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 1+4 𝑥 1 + 4𝑥

B R M
7. 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = 3𝑒 2𝑥 + 2𝑒 3𝑥 , prove that
𝑑2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
−5
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
+ 6𝑦 = 0.

S A
𝑑𝑦
Sol. Given, 𝑦 = 3𝑒 2𝑥 + 2𝑒 3𝑥 . = 6𝑒 3𝑥 + 6𝑒 3𝑥 = 6(𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑒 3𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥

H
𝑑2𝑦

H
So, = 12𝑒 3𝑥 + 18𝑒 3𝑥 = 6(2𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑒 3𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 2

T S
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
−5 + 6𝑦 = 6(2𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑒 3𝑥 )− 30(𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑒 3𝑥 )+ 6(3𝑒 2𝑥 + 2𝑒 3𝑥 )= 0.
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

A H
𝑑𝑦
8. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏
𝑑𝑥

M S
Sol. Given 𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 Put 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑢, 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑣 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑤

E
𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑢 + 𝑣 + 𝑤 = 𝑎𝑏
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑤

G
Diff. wrt x, we get + + = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Take 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑢. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠, 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑢 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦

R
Diff. wrt x, we get
1 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥.
1 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦. 1 ;
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑦 𝑥 (.
𝑥 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦)

U
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑤
= 𝑥 𝑦 (. + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)

D
Similarly,
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑦 −(𝑦 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 + 𝑦.𝑦 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑥 𝑥 (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)

Hence, using + + = 0 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥.𝑦 𝑥−1 + 𝑥 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥

9. Find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 for all 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋.

Sol. Let y = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 Taking log on both sides 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)
𝟏 𝒅𝒚 𝒅 𝟏 𝒅
Diff. w.r.to x, = 𝒅𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙. 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒚 𝒅𝒙

= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = [𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)] 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

 𝒅𝒚
; = 𝒚 {(𝟏 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)) 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙} = (𝟏 +𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙))𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙.
𝒅𝒙

10. Differentiate 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡. 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 .

𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗
Sol. 𝐿𝒆𝒕 𝒖(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒗(𝒙) = 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙. Now = 𝒅𝒙 / 𝒅𝒙.
𝒅𝒗

A
𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗
= 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 = 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 (−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) = −(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Y
𝒅𝒖 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 −𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
So = −(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 =

M
𝒅𝒗 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

B R
S A
T H H
A H S
M S
E
R G
U
D
Continuity and differentiability, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric
functions, like 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥, derivative of implicit functions.
Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic
and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions
expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives.

A
Formulae for Limits

Y
sin 𝑥 tan 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥
(a) lim 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1, (b) lim = 1, (c) lim = 1, (d) lim =1

M
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥

B R
tan−1 𝑥 a𝑥 −1 e𝑥 −1 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑥)
𝑒
(e) lim =1 (f) lim = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑎 , 𝑎 > 0 (g) lim =1 (h) lim =1
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥
x𝑛 −𝑎𝑛

S A
(i)) lim = 𝑛𝑎𝑛−1
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎

Important terms and facts about Limits & Continuity of a function

(i)

T H
For a function 𝑓(𝑥),

H
lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists if lim−𝑓(𝑥) = lim+𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑚 𝑥→𝑚 𝑥→𝑚

S
(ii) A function 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at a point 𝑥 = 𝑚 if,

A H
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑚)
𝑥→𝑚− 𝑥→𝑚

Where lim−𝑓(𝑥) 𝑜𝑟 lim 𝑓(𝑚 − ℎ) is Left Hand Limit of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑚 and

M S
𝑥→𝑚 ℎ→0

lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑜𝑟 lim 𝑓(𝑚 + ℎ) is Right Hand Limit of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑚 (0<h<<)

𝑥→𝑚+ ℎ→0

E
Also 𝑓(𝑚) is the value of the function 𝑓(𝑥) at = 𝑚 .

G
Formulae for Derivatives
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑

R
(a) (𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 (b) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑘) = 0, where 𝑘 is any constant. (e) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑 𝑑
(d) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥) = 𝑥 (e) 𝑑𝑥 (sin 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 (f) 𝑑𝑥 (cos 𝑥) = −sin 𝑥

(g)
𝑑

U
(tan 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑
(h) 𝑑𝑥 (sec 𝑥) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 (i)
𝑑
(cot 𝑥) = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

D
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 1 𝑑 1
(𝑗) 𝑑𝑥 (cosec 𝑥) = −cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥 (k) (sin−1 𝑥) = (l) (cos−1 𝑥) = −
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥2
𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑 1
(𝑚) (tan−1 𝑥) = (n) −1
(cot 𝑥) = − 1+𝑥 2 (o) (sec −1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥√𝑥 2 −1
𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑 1 1
(p) 𝑑𝑥 (cosec −1 𝑥) = − (q)𝑑𝑥 (√𝑥) = 2 (r) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) = − 𝑥 2
𝑥√𝑥 2 −1 √𝑥

MULTIPLE COICE QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)

𝑘 cos 𝑥 𝜋
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 𝜋
1. If function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝜋−2𝑥 2
𝜋is continuous at 𝑥 = , then the value of 𝑘 is
2
3 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 2
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) –6
2. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] , denotes the greatest integer function, is continuous at
(A)4 (B)–2 (C) 1 (D) 1.5
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0 𝜋
3. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 is continuous at 𝑥 = , then the
2
𝑘 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
value of 𝑘 is.
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 1.5
4. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| |𝑥
+ − 1| is
(A) Continuous at 𝑥 = 0 as well as at𝑥 = 1

A
(B) Continuous at 𝑥 = 1 but not at 𝑥 = 0
(C) Discontinuous at 𝑥 = 0 as well as at 𝑥 = 1

Y
(D) Continuous at 𝑥 = 0 but not at 𝑥 = 1

M
𝑒 3𝑥 − 𝑒 −5𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0

B R
5. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0, then value of 𝑘 is
𝑘
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 8

S A
6. The function𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 is discontinuous on the set
𝜋 𝑛𝜋
(A){𝑛𝜋 ∶ 𝑛 𝜖 𝑍} (B){2𝑛𝜋 ∶ 𝑛 𝜖 𝑍} (C){(2𝑛 + 1) 2 ∶ 𝑛 𝜖 𝑍}(D) { 2 ∶ 𝑛 𝜖 𝑍}

H H
7. The set of points where the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = |2𝑥 − 1| 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 is differentiable in
1

T
(A) 𝑅 (B) 𝑅 − { 2 } (C) (0, ∞) (D) none of these

S
𝑑𝑦
8. If 𝑥 = 2 cos 𝜃 − cos 2𝜃 and 𝑦 = 2 sin 𝜃 − sin 2𝜃 , then 𝑑𝑥 is:

A H
cos 𝜃+cos 2𝜃 cos 𝜃−cos 2𝜃 cos 𝜃−cos 2𝜃 cos 2𝜃−cos 𝜃
(A) (B) (C) (D)
sin 𝜃−sin 2𝜃 sin 2𝜃−sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃−sin 2𝜃 sin 2𝜃+sin 𝜃

M S
𝑥2 𝑑2 𝑦
9. If 𝑦 = log 𝑒 (𝑒 2 ) , then is equal to:
𝑑𝑥 2

E
1 1 2 2
(A) −𝑥 (B) − 𝑥 2 (C) (D)− 𝑥 2
𝑥2

G
𝑑𝑦
10. If sin 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos(𝑎 + 𝑦), then 𝑑𝑥 is:

cos 𝑎 − cos 𝑎 cos 𝑎 − cos 𝑎

R
(A) (B) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑎+𝑦) (C) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦 (D) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑎+𝑦)

𝑑𝑦
11. If (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 𝑥𝑦 , then 𝑑𝑥 is:

U y + 4x(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ) y− 4x(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ) y− 4x(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ) 4y(𝑥 2 +𝑦2 )− 𝑥

D
(A)4y(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ) − 𝑥 (B) (C) 4y(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ) − 𝑥 (D) y− 4x(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )
x + 4(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )

𝑑𝑦
12. If 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦 = 1 , then 𝑑𝑥 is :

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥

(A)𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑦 (B) cos 2𝑦 (C) sin 2𝑦 (D)cos 2𝑦

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).

Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
 (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

𝑑 ( 𝑒 cos 𝑥 )
13. Assertion (A): = 𝑒 cos 𝑥 (− sin 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 (𝑒 𝑥 )
Reason (R): = 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥−1)
14. Assertion (A): If 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 , then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(1+𝑦)

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑

A
Reason (R):𝑑𝑥 (𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 + 𝑣 u
𝑑𝑥

Y
|𝑥|
15. Assertion (A): The function 𝑓(𝑥) = is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 .

M
𝑥

B R
|𝑥|
Reason (R): The left- hand limit and right- hand limit of 𝑓(𝑥) = are not equal at 𝑥 = 0 .
𝑥

sin 5𝑥

S A
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥
16. Assertion (A): 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑘 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑘 = 15 .
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
3

H H
Reason (R): If 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at a point 𝑥 = 𝑎 in its domain, then lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎) .

T
𝑥→𝑎

S
17. Assertion (A): The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| is everywhere differentiable.

A H
Reason (R): The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 is everywhere differentiable.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 MARKS EACH)

M S
1 − cos 4𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 0
18. Find the value of 𝑘for which 𝑓(𝑥) = { 8𝑥 2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 .

E
𝑘 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥−10
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 2
19. Find the value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥−2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 2 .

G
𝑘 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 2
20. Discuss the differentiability of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥|at 𝑥 = 0 .

R
1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
21. Differentiate tan−1 ( ) with respect to 𝑥 .
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
22. If 𝑥 = 𝑎(2𝜃 − sin 2𝜃) and = 𝑎(1 − cos 2𝜃) , find 𝑑𝑥 when 𝜃 = .

U
3

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 MARKS EACH)

D
3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1
23. If the 𝑓(𝑥) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = { 11 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1 is continuous at 𝑥 = 1 ,
5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 .

1 − cos 4𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
𝑥2
24. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0 , Determine the value of 𝑎 so that𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0
√𝑥
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
{√16 + √𝑥 − 4
1−𝑥 𝑑𝑦
25. If 𝑦 = √1+𝑥, prove that (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 .
 √1+𝑥 2 − 1
26. Differentiate tan−1 ( ) with respect to 𝑥 .
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 log 𝑥
27. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 5 MARKS EACH)

1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝜋
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 <
3 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 2
𝜋
28. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 2 If 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 𝜋 , find 𝑎 and 𝑏.
2
𝑏(1−sin 𝑥 ) 𝜋

A
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
{ ( 𝜋−2𝑥 )2
29. Determine the 𝑘 so that the given function is continuous.

Y
B R M
𝑓(𝑥) =
{
√1 + 𝑘𝑥 − √1 − 𝑘𝑥

𝑥−2
𝑥
2𝑥 + 1
,
, 𝑖𝑓 − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0

𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1

S A
𝜋
30. For what value of 𝑘 is the following function continuous at = − 6 ?

H H
√3 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 𝜋
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ −

T
𝜋 6

S
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 6
𝜋

A H
𝑘 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = −
{ 6

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 1−𝑥
31. Find 𝑑𝑥 , if 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 {2 tan−1 √1+𝑥} .

M S
𝑑𝑦
32. Find 𝑑𝑥 , if 𝑦 = (sin 𝑥)𝑥 + sin−1 √𝑥

E
𝑑𝑦
33. Find 𝑑𝑥 , if 𝑦 = (tan 𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + (cot 𝑥)tan 𝑥
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS (4 – MARKS EACH)

G
34. A potter made a mud vessel, where the shape of the pot is based on 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 2| ,
where 𝑓(𝑥) represents the height of the pot.

R
U
D
(i) When 𝑥 > 4 What will be the height in terms of 𝑥 ?
𝑑𝑦
(ii) What is at 𝑥 = 3
𝑑𝑥
 (iii) If the potter is trying to make a pot using the function 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] ,will he get a pot or
not? Why?
Or
When the 𝑥 value lies between (2, 3) then the function is= ?
35. Reena started to read the notes on the topic ‘Differentiability’ which she has prepared in the class
of Mathematics. She wanted to solve the questions based on this topic, which teacher gave as
home work. She has written following matter in her notes:
Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a real valued function, then its Left Hand Derivative (LHD) is:
𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎)

A
𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = lim
ℎ→0 −ℎ

Y
𝑓(𝑎+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
Right Hand Derivative (RHD) is: 𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = lim

M
ℎ→0 ℎ

B R
Also, a function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be differentiable at = 𝑎 , if its LHD and RHD at 𝑥 = 𝑎 exist
and one equal.
|𝑥 − 3| , 𝑥≥1

S A
For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 3𝑥 13
− 2 + 4 , 𝑥<1
4

H H
(i) Find the value of 𝑓 ′ (1) .
(ii) Find the value of 𝑓 ′ (2) .

T S
(iii) Check the differentiability of the function at 𝑥 = 1 .
Or

A H
Check the differentiability of the given function at 𝑥 = 1 .
𝑥3 − 1 , 1<𝑥<∞
𝑓(𝑥) = {

M S
𝑥−1 , −∞<𝑥 ≤1

Answer Key/Hints

E
MULTIPLE COICE QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)

G
1. (C) 6
𝜋
sin( 2 − 𝑥) 𝑘

R
𝑘 lim𝜋 𝜋 = 3 ⇒ ×1=3⇒𝑘 =6
𝑥→ 2( − 𝑥) 2
2 2
2. (D) 1.5 Greatest integer function is continuous except at integer points.

U
3. (B) 2
sin 𝑥
lim + lim 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑘 ⇒ 1 + 1 = 𝑘 ⇒ 𝑘 = 2

D
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0
4. (A) Continuous at 𝑥 = 0 as well as at 𝑥 = 1
5. (D) 8

𝑒 8𝑥−5𝑥 − 𝑒 −5𝑥 𝑒 8𝑥 − 1
lim = 𝑘 ⇒ 8 × lim 𝑒 −5𝑥 × lim =𝑘 ⇒𝑘=8
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥→0 8𝑥
𝜋
6. (C){(2𝑛 + 1) 2 ∶ 𝑛 𝜖 𝑍}
1
7. (B) 𝑅 − { 2 }
cos 𝜃−cos 2𝜃
8. (B) sin 2𝜃−sin 𝜃
 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2
9. (D)− 𝑥 2
y = 2log 𝑒 𝑥 − log 𝑒 𝑒 2 ⇒ y = 2log 𝑒 𝑥 − 2
cos 𝑎
10. (A) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑎+𝑦)

𝑑𝑥 cos(𝑎 + 𝑦) cos 𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 sin(𝑎 + 𝑦)

=

A
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 cos[(𝑎 + 𝑦) − 𝑦]) 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑎

Y
= 2
⇒ =
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑎 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑎 + 𝑦)

M
y− 4x(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )
11. (C) 4y(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ) − 𝑥

B R
sin 2𝑥
12. (C) sin 2𝑦

S A
ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS (1 MARK EACH)

H
13. (b)

H
14. (b)

T
15. (d)

S
16. (a)

A H
17. (b)

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 MARKS EACH)

M S
1 − cos 4𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 2
18. lim = 𝑘 ⇒ lim = 𝑘 ⇒ lim( ) =𝑘 ⇒𝑘=1
𝑥→0 8𝑥 2 𝑥→0 8𝑥 2 𝑥→0 2𝑥
(𝑥−2)(𝑥+5)

E
19. lim =𝑘 ⇒𝑘=7
𝑥→2 𝑥−2
𝑥2 , 𝑥 ≥ 0
20. 𝑓(𝑥) = {
−𝑥 2 , 𝑥 < 0

G
𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(0) −𝑥 2 −0
LHD = lim− = lim− = 0
𝑥→0 𝑥−0 𝑥→0 𝑥−0

R
𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(0) 𝑥 2 −0
RHD = lim+ = lim+ = 0
𝑥→0 𝑥−0 𝑥→0 𝑥−0
𝑥
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2

U
−1 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
21. f(x) = tan ( 𝑥
2
𝑥 ) = tan−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑡 2) = tan−1 [𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 2 − 2)] = 2 − 2
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 cos
2 2
1
f ′ (𝑥) = −

D
2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
22. 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑎(2 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃) = 4𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃&𝑑𝜃 = 2𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 = 4𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 ]𝜋 =
√3
3

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 MARKS EACH)

23. lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)

𝑥→1 𝑥→1
5𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 11 ⇒ 𝑎 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2
1 − cos 4𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 2
24. lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− = lim− = 2 × 4 × lim−( ) =8
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑥→0 2𝑥

√𝑥 √16 + √𝑥+ 4
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ × = lim+√16 + √𝑥 + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 √16 + √𝑥 − 4 √16 + √𝑥+ 4 𝑥→0
 ⇒ a=8
𝑑𝑦 1 1+𝑥 𝑑 1−𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1+𝑥 1
25. 𝑑𝑥 = 2 √1−𝑥 × 𝑑𝑥 (1+𝑥) ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = −√1−𝑥 × (1+𝑥)2 [𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑦 (1 − 𝑥 2 )]
𝜃
sec 𝜃− 1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝜃
26. Let 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 we get 𝑦 = tan−1 ( tan 𝜃 ) = tan −1
( 𝜃 𝜃
2
) = tan−1 (tan 2) =
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 cos 2
2 2

1 𝑑𝑦 1 1
tan−1 𝑥 ⇒
⇒𝑦= = ( )
2 𝑑𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥 2
1 𝑑𝑦 log 𝑥
27. 𝑒 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦

A
⇒ 𝑦 log 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑦 ⇒ 𝑦 = 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2

Y
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 5 MARKS EACH)

28. 𝐿𝐻𝐿 = lim

𝜋−
𝑥→
2

B R
3𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
M
1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥
= lim
(13 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥)
𝜋− 3(12 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)
𝑥→
2
= lim
𝜋−
𝑥→
2
(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)
3(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
1
=2

S A
𝜋
𝑏(1 − sin 𝑥 ) {1 − sin( 2 + ℎ)} 1 − cos ℎ
𝑅𝐻𝐿 = lim+ 2
= 𝑏 lim 2 = 𝑏 lim
𝜋 ( 𝜋 − 2𝑥 ) 𝜋 4ℎ2

H
ℎ→0 ℎ→0
𝑥→ {𝜋 − 2 ( 2 + ℎ )}

H
2

T
ℎ

S
2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 𝑏
= 𝑏 lim =
ℎ→0 4ℎ2 8

A H ∴
1 𝑏
= =𝑎 ⇒𝑎=
2 8
1
2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 4

M S
√1+𝑘𝑥−√1−𝑘𝑥 (√1+𝑘𝑥−√1−𝑘𝑥) (√1+𝑘𝑥+√1−𝑘𝑥)
29. 𝐿𝐻𝐿 = lim− = lim− × (√1+𝑘𝑥+√1−𝑘𝑥) =
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥

E
2𝑘𝑥 2𝑘
lim− 𝑥(√1+𝑘𝑥+√1−𝑘𝑥) = =𝑘
𝑥→0 √1+√1
2𝑥 + 1 0+1 1 1

G
𝑅𝐻𝐿 = lim+ = = − ∴ 𝑘=−
𝑥→0 𝑥−2 0−2 2 2

R
√3 1 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2( sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥 . ) 2(cos sin 𝑥+cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥+ )
2 2 6 6 6
30. lim𝜋 𝜋 = lim𝜋 𝜋 = lim𝜋 𝜋 =2 ⇒ 𝑘=2
𝑥→− (𝑥 + ) 𝑥→− (𝑥 + ) 𝑥→− (𝑥 + )
6 6 6 6 6 6

U
31. Let 𝑥 = cos 2𝜃
1−cos 2𝜃 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
We get 2 tan−1 √1+cos 2𝜃 = 2 tan−1 √2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 = 2tan−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) = 2𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥

D
2𝑥
Hence 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 cos −1 𝑥 ⇒ log 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + log(cos−1 𝑥)
1 𝑑𝑦 1 −1
⇒ × = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + −1
×
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 2 1
⇒ = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 cos −1 𝑥 [sin 2𝑥 − ]
𝑑𝑥 cos −1 𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2
32. Let 𝑢 = (sin 𝑥)𝑥 ⇒ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 log, 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 ⇒ log 𝑢 = 𝑥 log sin 𝑥

𝑑𝑢
⇒ = (sin 𝑥)𝑥 [𝑥 cot 𝑥 + log sin 𝑥]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 1
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = sin−1 √𝑥 ⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 − 𝑥 2
 𝑑𝑦 1
∴ = (sin 𝑥)𝑥 [𝑥 cot 𝑥 + log sin 𝑥] +
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦
33. 𝑑𝑥 = (tan 𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥(1 − log tan 𝑥) + (cot 𝑥)tan 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥(log cot 𝑥 − 1)

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS (4 – MARKS EACH)

Y
34. (i) 2𝑥 − 5(ii) Function is not differentiable.
A
M
(iii) No, because it is not continuous. Or 1 .

B R
35. (i) −1 (ii)−1

(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 differentiable at 𝑥 = 1 . or 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 differentiable at 𝑥 = 1 .

S A
T H H
A H S
M S
E
R G
U
D
* A function f is said to be continuous at x = a if
Left hand limit = Right hand limit = value of the function at x = a
i.e. lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )  f (a )
x a  x a 
i.e. lim f (a  h)  lim f (a  h)  f (a ) .
h 0 h 0
* A function is said to be differentiable at x = a
f (a  h )  f (a ) f (a  h )  f (a )

A
if Lf (a )  Rf (a ) i.e lim  lim
h 0 h h 0 h

Y
(i)
d
(xn) = n xn – 1,
d  1 
 n    n 1 ,
n d
  x 
1

M
dx dx  x  x dx 2 x

B R
d d
(ii) (x) = 1 (iii) (c) = 0,  c  R
dx dx
d d

S A
(iv) (ax) = ax log a, a > 0, a  1. (v) (ex) = ex.
dx dx
d 1 d 1
a > 0, a  1, x

H
(vi) (logax) =, (vii) (log x) = , x > 0

H
dx x log a dx x
d 1 d 1

T
(viii) (loga| x |) = , a > 0, a 1, x  0 (ix) (log | x | ) = , x  0

S
dx x log a dx x
d d

A H
(x) (sin x) = cos x,  x  R. (xi) (cos x) = – sin x,  x  R.
dx dx
d d
(xii) (tan x) = sec2x,  x  R. (xiii) (cot x) = – cosec2x,  x  R.

M S
dx dx
d d
(xiv) (sec x) = sec x tan x,  x  R. (xv) (cosec x) = – cosec x cot x,  x  R.
dx dx

E
d 1 d 1
(xvi) (sin-1x) = . (xvii) (cos-1x) = .
dx 1 x 2 dx 1  x2

G
d 1
(xviii) (tan-1x) = , xR (xix) d (cot-1x) =  1 2 ,  x  R.
dx 1 x2 dx 1 x

R
1 d 1
(xx) d (sec-1x) = . (xxi) (cosec-1x) =  .
dx
| x | x2 1 dx | x | x2 1

U
d x d du
(xxii) (| x |) = ,x0 (xxiii) (ku) = k
dx | x| dx dx

D
(xxiv)
d
u  v   du  dv (xxv)
d
(u.v) = u
dv
v
du
dx dx dx dx dx dx
du dv
d u v  u
(xxvi)    dx 2 dx
dx  v  v

SOME ILLUSTRATIONS:
MCQ
dy
1. If y = log tan x then the value of is
dx
1 sec 2 x sec 2 x
(a)2 (b) ( c ) 2 sec2 x (d)
x x tan x 2 x tan x
Ans: ( d )
dy
2. If y = ( cosx2 )2 then is
dx
( a ) -4 x sin 2x2 ( b ) – x sin x2 ( c ) -2 x sin 2x2 ( d ) - x cos 2 x2
Ans: ( c )
dy
3. If y = cot-1( x2 ) then the value of is
dx
2x 2x −2x −2x
( a ) 1+x4 (b) (c) (d)
1+4x 1+x4 1+x2
Ans: (c )

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

3ax  b, if x  1

A
**Q. 1. If f(x) = 11 if x  1 , continuous at x = 1, find the values of a and b.
5ax  2b , if x  1

Y


M
Sol. lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )  f (1)......... (i)
x 1 x 1

B R
lim f ( x )  lim f (1  h )  lim 5a 1  h   2b  5a  2b
x 1 h 0 h 0
lim f ( x )  lim f (1  h )  lim 3a 1  h   b  3a  b

S A
x 1 h 0 h 0
f (1)  11
From (i) 3a + b = 5a  2b = 11 and solution is a = 3 , b = 2


H H
   dx
2
d y dy
****Q. 2. If y  sin m sin1 x , prove that 1  x 2 x
2
m y0 2

T
dx

S

Sol. y  sin m sin1 x  
dy

 cos m sin1 x .
m

1  x2

A H
dx

 1 x2
dy
dx
 m cos m sin 1 x  

M S
d 2 y dy   2x 
Again diff . w. r. t. x, 1  x2 
dx 2 dx  1  x 2  
  m sin m sin1 x . m 
 1  x2

E

 1 x
d2y
dx 2
2
x 
dy
dx
 m 2 sin m sin1 x  m 2 y  

G
 
2
d y dy
 1 x2 2
x  m2 y  0
dx dx

R
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
**If y = loge x   x e find
x log x dy

U
.
dx
logloge x   logx loge x 
Sol. y  loge x   x
x
e e
x loge x

D
 e x logloge x   eloge x.loge x
   log x log x 
.  e x logloge x x. .  loglog x .1  eloge x. loge x 
dy 1 1

dx  log x x   x x 
 1   log x 
 loge x x   loglog x   x loge x 2
 log x   x 

QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

3x − 5 x ≤ 5 −2
Q 1. If f(x) = is continuous at x=5 then k is ( a )5 ( b ) 10 ( c ) 15 (d)
2k x >5 7
Q 2. The function f(x) = x is continuous at ( a ) 4 ( b ) -2 ( c) 1 ( d ) 1.5
d2y 3 3 3 3t
Q 3. If x = t2 and y = t3 then dx 2 is equal to (a)2 (b) (c) (d)
4t 2t 2
 1 2 2 3x
Q 4. Derivative of x2 w.r.t x3 is ( a ) x ( b ) 3x (c) 3 (d) 2
Q 5. Assertion : f(x) = x not differentiable at x = 2
Reason : f(x) = x not continuous at x = 2
( a ) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
( b ) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
( c ) A is true but R is false
( d ) A is false but R is true

A
ANSWERS
1. (a) 2. (d ) 3. ( b ) 4. ( b ) 5. ( a )

Y
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

B R M
Q 1. . Find the number of points at which the function f (x) =
9x 2

9x  x 3
is discontinuous.

S A
 sin2x
Q 2. . Find the value of k for which f(x) =  5x , x0 is continuous at x = 0.

 k , x 0

H
Q 3. .Discuss the differentiability of the function f(x) = |x – 2| at x = 2.

H
d    x 

T
Q 4. . Find : loge tan  

S
dx   4 2 
d  1 1  sin x 

A H

Q 5. Find : tan   , where 0  x 

dx   1  sin x  4
d sin x
 

M S
Q 6. . Find : x
dx
Q 7. Find the relationship between a and b so that the function defined by

E
 ax  1 , if x  3
f(x) =  is continuous at x = 3.
bx  3 , if x  3

G
d2y
Q 8. If x=a( cost+tsint) and y = a ( sint – t cost) find dx 2
1 1 dy y
Q 9. If x  a sin t
, y  a cos t
 .

R
, show that
dx x

Q 10. Find :   d
log sin x 2  1

U
dx

ANSWERS

D
𝟐
1. Exactly three points (0,3 and -3) 2. 𝟓 3. not differentiable at x = 2
 𝟏 sin x 
4. Sec x x sin x  cos x. loge x 
5. 𝟐
6.  7.
 x 
3a  3b  2 is the relation between a and b
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑 𝐭 x cos x 2  1
8. 10.
𝐚𝐭
x 2  1.sin x 2  1
 CONTINNUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

Content:
I Multiple Choice Questions

A
II Assertion and Reason based questions
III Case Based Questions

Y
B R M
S A
H H
I Multiple Choice Questions
1

T
𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥≠0
1. Let 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = {

S
. Then,
0 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0
(a) 𝑓(𝑥 ) does not defined at 𝑥 ≠ 0.

A H
(b) lim 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1
𝑥→0
(c) lim 𝑓 (𝑥) does not exist

M S
𝑥→0
(d) 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0
2. The function defined by 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − [𝑥 ] is discontinuous at:

E
(a) All rational point
(b) All irrational points
(c) All integral points

G
(d) None of the above
1
3. Given 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 , then:

R
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) is a continuous, real valued function for all 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, ∞)
3𝜋
(b) Is discontinuous only at 𝑥 = .

U
4
(c) Has only finitely many discontinuities on (−∞, ∞).
(d) Has infinitely many discontinuities on (−∞, ∞).

D
𝑥
, 𝑥≠0
4. If a function 𝑓(𝑥) is defined as 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = {√𝑥 2 then:
0, 𝑥=0
(a) 𝑓(𝑥 ) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.
(b) 𝑓(𝑥 ) is continuous as well as differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.
(c) 𝑓(𝑥 ) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 0.
(d) None of these.
log(1+𝑎𝑥)−log(1−𝑏𝑥)
5. Let 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = , 𝑥 ≠ 0. If 𝑓(𝑥 ) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 then 𝑓(0) =
𝑥
(a) 𝑎 − 𝑏 (b) 𝑎 + 𝑏 (c) 𝑏 − 𝑎 (d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏
[𝑥]−1
, 𝑥≠1
6. If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = { 𝑥−1 then 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is:
0, 𝑥=1
(a) Continuous as well as differentiable at 𝑥 = 1.
(b) Differentiable but not continuous at 𝑥 = 1.
 (c) Continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 1.
(d) Neither continuous nor differentiable at 𝑥 = 1.
1
𝑥 𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥) , 𝑥 ≠ 0
7. If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = { is continuous at 𝑥 = 0, then
0, 𝑥=0
(a) 𝑘 < 0 (b) 𝑘 > 0 (c) 𝑘 = 0 (d) 𝑘 ≥ 0
8. If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = |𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥|, then
(a) f is everywhere differentiable

A
(b) f is everywhere continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ ℤ.
𝜋

Y
(c) f is everywhere continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) 2 , 𝑛 ∈ ℤ.

M
(d) None of the above.
𝑥+2

B R
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ ℝ − {−1, −2}
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2
9. If 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ is defined by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = { −1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = −2 then 𝑓 is continuous on:
0, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = −1

S A
(a) ℝ (b) ℝ − {−2} (c) ℝ − {2} (d) ℝ − {−1, −2}
|𝑥| 2
10. If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑒 + 𝑏|𝑥 | , 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ and 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at 𝑥 = 0. Then, 𝑎 and 𝑏 are:

H
(a) 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ (b) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2 (c) 𝑏 = 0, 𝑎 ∈ ℝ (d) 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 5

H
𝜋
11. If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 |, then 𝑓′ ( 3 ) is equal to:

T S
2 √3+1
(a) √3+1 (b) (c) (d) none of these
√3+1 2

A H
𝑥3
12. The derivative of 𝑒 with respect to 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 is:
3 3 3 3
(a) 𝑒 𝑥 (b) 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 (c) 3𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 (d) 3𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2
𝑑
13. If 2𝑓(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) + 𝑓 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) = 𝑥, then 𝑓(𝑥) is:

M S
𝑑𝑥
1
(a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (b) 2 (c) √1−𝑥 2 (d) none of these

E
14. Which of the following is/are true?
𝑑𝑦 𝜃
Statement I: If 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃), 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) then 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 (2 )

G
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑡
Statement II: If = ,𝑦 = , then derivative of 𝑦 with respect to 𝑥 is −𝑐𝑜𝑡3𝑡.
√ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 √𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
(a) Only I is true (b) Only II is true (c) Both I and II are true (d) Neither I nor II is true

R
1
15. If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 1for all positive 𝑥 ≠ 1 and if 𝑓 is continuous at 1, then 𝑥 equals:
𝑥
1
(a) 0 (b) 𝑒 (c) 𝑒 (d) 𝑒 2

U
𝑑𝑦
16. If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 ), then 𝑑𝑥 at 𝑥 = 1 is equal to:
1 1

D
(a) √2 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
√2
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝜋
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥≠ 2
𝜋−2𝑥
17. The value of k for which the function f given by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = { 𝜋 is continuous at 𝑥 =
5, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 2
𝜋
, is:
2
5
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 10
18. If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 then which one of the following is true?
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(a) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 (b) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(c) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 (d) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
𝑥
19. Derivative of 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (√1−𝑥 2 ) with respect to 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) is:
1 1 1
(a) − 4 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) − 2
 𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
20. If 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 4 + 2)], then 𝑑𝑥 is:
(a) 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 (b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 (c) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 (d) 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
II. Assertion and Reason Questions
2𝑥 1−𝑥 2
21. Assertion (A): The derivative of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) with respect to 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) is 1.
1+𝑥 2 1+𝑥 2
𝑓′(𝑥)
Reason (R): If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑣 = 𝑔(𝑥) the derivative of 𝑢 with respect to 𝑣 is 𝑔′(𝑥). (a)
𝑑𝑦

A
22. Assertion (A): If = 𝑙𝑜𝑔√𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 , then the value of (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝜋 = 1.
𝑥=
4

Y
Reason (R) : The value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 is not defined. (c)
𝑑2 𝑦

M
−1
23. Assertion (A) : If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 and 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡, then (𝑑𝑥 2 ) = 16𝑎
𝑡=2

B R
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2
Reason (R) : (𝑑𝑥 2 ) = ( 𝑑𝑡 ) × ( 𝑑𝑡 ) (c)
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
24. Assertion (A) : If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑜 , then 𝑑𝑥 = 180𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑜.

S A
Reason (R) : To find whether a function is continuous or differentiable at a point the angle should
be in radian measure only. (a)

H
𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑒 𝑦

H
25. Assertion (A) : If 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑦 then 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑦−1).
𝑥

T
𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
Reason (R) : 𝑑𝑥 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (a)
III Case Based Questions:

A H S
1. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a real valued function, then its Left Hand Derivative is𝐿𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = lim
and Right hand derivative is 𝑅𝑓 𝑎) = lim ′( 𝑓(𝑎+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
ℎ→0
𝑓(𝑎−ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)

. Also a function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be

−ℎ

M S
ℎ→0 ℎ
differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑎 if its LHD and RHD at 𝑥 = 𝑎 exist and are equal.
5𝑥 − 4 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 < 1

E
For the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = { 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑖𝑓 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
3𝑥 + 4 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 2

G
Based on above information answer the following questions:
(a) Find RHD of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 2. (3)
(b) Find LHD of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 2. (13)

R
(c) Find the point where 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable (𝑥 = 2)
3
(d) Find the value of 𝑓′ (2). (9)

U
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
2. Let 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) be parametric forms with 𝑡 as a parameter, then 𝑑𝑥 = × 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑔′(𝑡)

D
where 𝑓′(𝑡) ≠ 0.
𝑓′(𝑡)
On the basis of above information, solve the following questions.
𝜋
(1) Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥) with respect to 𝑔(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) at 𝑥 = , where 𝑓 ′ (1) = 2 and
4
′( 1
𝑔 √2) = 4. ( 2)
√
(2) Find the derivative of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 with respect to 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥. (−1)
1 2 𝑑𝑦 2
(3) If 𝑦 = 4 𝑟 4 and 𝑟 = 3 𝑥 3 + 5, then find 𝑑𝑥 . (27 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 3 + 15)3 ).
 Case Study Questions
Continuity and Differentiability

Q.1. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a real valued function, then its

A
𝑓(𝑎−ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Left Hand Derivative (L.H.D.) : 𝐿𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = lim
h→0 −ℎ

Y
𝑓(𝑎+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Right Hand Derivative (R.H.D.) : 𝑅𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = lim

M
h→0 ℎ

B R
Also, a function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑎 if its L.H.D. and
R.H.D. at 𝑥 = 𝑎 exist and are equal.

S A
|𝑥 − 3|, 𝑥≥1
For the function (𝑥) = {𝑥 2 3𝑥 13 , answer the following questions.
− + , 𝑥<1

H
4 2 4

H
(i) R.H.D. of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1 is

T
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) 2

S
(ii) L.H.D. of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1 is

A H
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) 2
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) is non-differentiable at

M S
(a) 𝑥 = 1 (b) 𝑥 = 2 (c) 𝑥 = 3 (d) 𝑥 = 4
(iv) Find the value of 𝑓 ′ (2).

E
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) −1
(v) The value of 𝑓′(−1) is

G
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) −2 (d) −1

R
Q.2. Let 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) be parametric forms with 𝑡 as a parameter, then
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑔′ (𝑡)
= × = , where 𝑓′(𝑡) ≠ 0.

U
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑓′ (𝑡)
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.
𝜋

D
(i) The derivative of 𝑓(tan 𝑥) w.r.t. 𝑔(sec 𝑥) at 𝑥 = , where 𝑓 ′ (1) = 2 and
4
𝑔′(√2) = 4, is
1
(a) (b) √2 (c) 1 (d) 0
√2
2𝑥 1−𝑥 2
(ii) The derivative of sin−1 ( ) with respect to cos −1 (1+𝑥 2 ) is
1+𝑥 2
(a) −1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
𝑥3
(iii) The derivative of 𝑒 with respect to log 𝑥 is
𝑥3 3 3 3
(a) 𝑒 (b) 3𝑥 2 2𝑒 𝑥 (c) 3𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 (d) 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 + 3𝑥
(iv) The derivative of cos −1 (2𝑥 2 − 1) w.r.t. cos −1 𝑥 is
 −1 2
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 1 − 𝑥 2
2√1−𝑥 2 𝑥
1 2 𝑑𝑦
(v) If 𝑦 = 𝑢4 and 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 + 5, then =
4 3 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2 2
(a) 𝑥 (2𝑥 3 + 15)3 (b) 𝑥 (2𝑥 3 + 15)3
27 7
2 2
(c) 𝑥(2𝑥 3 + 5)3 (d) (2𝑥 3 + 15)3
27 7

A
Q.3. The function 𝑓(𝑥) will be discontinuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎 if 𝑓(𝑥) has

Y
• Discontinuity of first kind : lim 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) and lim 𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) both exist but

M
h→0 h→0

B R
are not equal. If is also known as irremovable discontinuity.
• Discontinuity of second kind : If none of the limits lim 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) and lim

S A
h→0 h→0

𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) exist.
• Removable discontinuity : lim 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) and lim 𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) both exist and

H H
h→0 h→0

equal but not equal to 𝑓(𝑎).

T S
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
𝑥 2 −9

A H
, for 𝑥 ≠ 3
(i) If 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥−3 , then at 𝑥 = 3
4, for 𝑥 = 3

M S
(a) 𝑓 has removable discontinuity
(b) 𝑓 is continuous
(c) 𝑓 has irremovable discontinuity

E
(d) None of these
𝑥 + 2 , if 𝑥 ≤ 4

G
(ii) If 𝑓(𝑥) = { , then at 𝑥 = 4
𝑥 + 4, if 𝑥 > 4
(a) 𝑓 is continuous

R
(b) 𝑓 has removable discontinuity

U
(c) 𝑓 has irremovable discontinuity
(d) None of these

D
𝑥 2 −4
, for 𝑥 ≠ 2
(iii) Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥−2 , then at
5, for 𝑥 = 2
𝑥=2

(a) 𝑓 has removable discontinuity

(b) 𝑓 has irremovable discontinuity
(c) 𝑓 is continuous
(d) 𝑓 is continuous if 𝑓(2) = 3
 𝑥−|𝑥|
, 𝑥≠0
(iv) If 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 , then at 𝑥 = 0
2, 𝑥=0

(a) 𝑓 is continuous
(b) 𝑓 has removable discontinuity
(c) 𝑓 has irremovable discontinuity

A
(d) None of these

Y
𝑒 𝑥 −1
, if 𝑥 ≠ 0

M
(v) If 𝑓(𝑥) = {log(1+2𝑥) , then at 𝑥 = 0
7, if 𝑥 = 0

B R
(a) 𝑓 is continuous if 𝑓(0) = 2
(b) 𝑓 is continuous

S A
(c) 𝑓 has irremovable discontinuity
(d) 𝑓 has removable discontinuity

Q.4.

T H H
If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) is a differentiable function of 𝑢 and 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥) is a differentiable

S
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
function of 𝑥, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)] is a differentiable function of 𝑥 and = ×

A H
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
. This rule is also known as CHAIN RULE.
Based on the above information, find the derivative of functions w.r.t. 𝑥 in the

M S
following questions.
(i) cos √𝑥

E
− sin √𝑥 sin √𝑥
(a) (b) (c) sin √𝑥 (d) − sin √𝑥
2√𝑥 2√𝑥

G
1
𝑥+
(ii) 7 𝑥
1 1
𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 +1
) ∙ 7𝑥+𝑥 ∙ log 7 ) ∙ 7𝑥+𝑥 ∙ log 7

R
(a) ( (b) (
𝑥2 𝑥2
1 1
𝑥 2 −1 𝑥− 𝑥 2 +1
(c) ( )∙7 𝑥 ∙ log 7 (d) ( ) ∙ 7𝑥−𝑥 ∙ log 7

U
𝑥2 𝑥2
1−cos 𝑥
(iii) √

D
1+cos 𝑥
1 2𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
(a) sec (b) − sec 2 (c) sec 2 (d) −sec 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
(iv) tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )
𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
−1 1 1 1
(a) + (b) +
𝑥 2 +𝑏 2 𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑥 2 +𝑏 2 𝑥 2 +𝑎2
1 1
(c) − (d) None of these
𝑥 2 +𝑏2 𝑥 2 +𝑎2
−1 −1 𝑥
(v) sec 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐
√𝑥 2 −1
2 −2 1 2
(vi) (a) (b) (c) (d)
√𝑥 2 −1 √𝑥 2 −1 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1
Q5: Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

A potter made a mud vessel, where the shape of the pot is based on f(x) = |x-3|
+ |x-2|, where f(x) represents height of the pot

Y A
B R M
S A
T H H
A H
a. x-2 S
i. When x>4 what will be the height in terms of x ?
b. x-3 c. 2x-5 d. 5-2x

M S
ii. What is dy/dx at x=3 ?
a. 2 b. -2 c. 1 d. Function is not differentiable

E
iii. If the potter is trying to make a pot using the function f(x)= [x] will
he get a pot or not ?

G
a. Yes, because it is a continuous function
b. Yes, because it is not a continuous function

R
c. No, because it is a continuous function
d. No, because it is not a continuous function

U iv. Will the slope vary with x value.

D
a. Yes b. No c. Can’t say d. incomplete data

v. when the x value lies between (2,3) then the function is

a. 5 b. 1 c. 2x-5 d. 5-2x
Ans. Key:- Q.1. (i) b, (ii) b, (iii) c, (iv) d, (v) c
Q.2. (i) a, (ii) b, (iii) c, (iv) a, (v) a
Q.3. (i) a, (ii) c, (iii) a, (iv) c, (v) d
Q.4. (i) a, (ii) a, (iii) a, (iv) b, (v) d
Q.5. (i) c, (ii) c, (iii) d, (iv) a, (v) b

Y A
B R M
S A
T H H
A H S
M S
E
R G
U
D
 1
1) A company produces x units of output at a total cost c=3x3-18x2+160x.average cost is the
cost per unit and the rate of change is the change with respect to x from the above

A
information find
𝑐 1
a) Average cost ( Ans: 𝑥 =3x2-18x+160 )

Y M
b) Marginal cost ( Ans : x2-36x+160 )

B R
c) Find the output when average cost equals to marginal cost (x=27)

d) Find the output when marginal cost is minimum (x=18)

S A
e) Find the output when average cost is minimum (x=27)

2) A telephone company in a town has500 subscribers on list and collect fixed charge of rs 300 per

H H
Subscriber. The company proposes to increase the annual subscription and it is believe that every
Increase of Rs 1, one customer discontinues the service then find

T S
a) If annual subscription increased by x find the revenue of the company
(Ans: (500-x)(300+x)

A H
500
b) Find average revenue (Ans: ( 𝑥
− 1)(300+x)

M S
c) Find marginal revenue (Ans: 2(100-x))

d) What is the subscription when revenue is maximum? (Ans: x=100)

E
e) Find maximum annual revenue (Ans: 160 000)

3) A toy manufacturer wants to cut 28 metres long wire in to two pieces .one of the two pieces is to

G
bend in the form of square of perimeter 4x and a circle of radius y find

a) Relation between x and y (Ans:2x +πy=14)

R
1
b) Find combined area (Ans: 𝜋 {(π+4)x2-56x+196})

U
c) show combined area is max (Ans: show d2A/dx2 is negative)
28
d) At what value of x area will be maximum (Ans: x=𝜋+4 )

D
196
e) Find area (Ans: 𝜋+4
)

4) An open tank with rectangular base and vertical sides to be constructed so as to hold water
8000 litres of water. The tank is 2meter deep and material cost is Rs 1800/m2 and for vertical faces
900 Rs/m2 find
a) If x and y are length and breadth. find cost of base (Ans: 180xy)
b) Find cost of construction of four walls (Ans: 3600(x+y) )
c) Find total cost in terms of x (Ans: 3600x8/x3 )
d) Show that cost is minimum (Ans: show d2C/dx2 is positive)
e) Find cost (Ans: 21600)
 5) Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder swept by all pistons .The piston moves
inside the cylinder base .The cylinder is the form of open cylinder made from the sheet of
75𝜋cm2 find
𝜋
a) Find the volume of cylinder (Ans: (75r-r3) )
2
3𝜋
b) Find dv/dr (Ans: 2
(25-r2)

A
c) Show that volume is maximum (Ans: show d2v/dr2 is negative)
d) h>r is true or false (Ans: false)

Y
B R M
S A
T H H
A H S
M S
E
R G
U
D
 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (2023-24)

A
Q1) If y=(logx)2 then find dy/dx

Y
a) 2 logx b)2/logx c)1/x d) 2log x(1/x)

a)3 b)4
B R
c)16
M
Q2) If A is invertible matrix of order 3 and |A| =4 find |adjA|
d) 12

S A
Q3) if y=tan-1√𝑥 find dy/dx
1 1 1 1

H
a) √𝑥 b) 1 c) d)

H
2√𝑥 √1−𝑥 2√𝑥 1+𝑥

T
𝑥+𝑦 2 6 2

S
Q4)If [ ] = [ ] , then the value of x, y,z
5+𝑧 𝑥𝑦 5 8

A H
a)x=4,y=2,z=0 b) x=3,y=2,z=0 c) x=5,y=2,z=0 d) x=4,y=3,z=0
Q5)The number of all possible matrices of order 3x3 with each entry 0 and 1 is

M S
a)27 b)18 c)81 d)512
Q6)If A is square matrix such that A2=A then (I+A)3-7A is
a) 0 b)1

E c)1/A d) A2

G
Q7) If A is invertible matrix of order 3 and |A| =5 find |adjA|

R
a)3 b)5 c)15 d) 25
4 𝑥+2
Q8) If [ ] is symmetric matrix then x is

U
2𝑥 − 3 𝑥+1
a) 0 b) 3 c)2 d) 5

D
𝑥−𝑦 2 2 2
Q9)If [ ] = [ ] , then the value of y
𝑥 5 3 5
a)1 b)3 c)2 d)5
Q10)Let A be a square matrix of order 3x3, then |kA| is equal to
a)k|A| b)k2|A| c)3k|A| d) k3|A|
Q11)Find the rate of change of the area of circle with respect to its radius r when r=3
a)3π b) 18𝜋 c) π d)6π

Q12)The radius of sphere increase at the rate 0.2 cm/sec find the rate of change of volume at
r= 15 cm
 a) 12π b) 180π c) 3π d)225π

Q13)The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate of 2cm/sec, find the rate at which
the area increases ,when side is 10 cm
a)10 b)10√2 c)2 d)10√3

Q14) Find the point of inflection for the function f  x   x3 .

a)(0,0) b) (0,1) c) (1,0) d)(1,-1)

Y A
B R M
S A
T H H
A H S
M S
E
R G
U
D
 Continuity and Differentiability
MCQ
Choose correct answer from the given alternatives and write it. [Each carries 1 Mark]

Y A
B R M
S A
T H H
A H S
M S
E
R G
U
D
 Y A
B R M
S A
T H H
A H S
13.

M S
E
14.

R G
U
D
 Y A
B R M
S A
20.

T H H
A H S
ANSWERS

M S
E
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (B)

11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (B ) 14. (B) 15. (C) 16. (A) 17. (B) 18. (C) 19. (B) 20. (B)

R G
U
D