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Natural Approach of Teaching ENG Language On A Flipped Classroom Platform To Tertiary Level Engineering Learners
Natural Approach of Teaching ENG Language On A Flipped Classroom Platform To Tertiary Level Engineering Learners
D. Praveen Sam
To cite this article: D. Praveen Sam (2016) Natural Approach of Teaching English Language
on a Flipped Classroom Platform to Tertiary Level Engineering Learners, International Journal of
Educational Sciences, 14:1-2, 13-18, DOI: 10.1080/09751122.2016.11890474
Department of English, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India
KEYWORDS Approaches to English Language Teaching. English as Second Language. Models of Learning. Post
Secondary Level Learners
ABSTRACT There are various approaches and methods to teach English language in the second language context.
Teachers of this language apply different methods convenient or suitable for the learners’ specific requirements.
Natural approach is one of the approaches used in tertiary level where learners are provided with opportunities to
acquire language rather than forcing it on learners by emphasizing the language forms. The flipped classroom
model forms an effective platform applying natural approach in the teaching-learning process. This paper presents
a process for using natural approach in the flipped learning platform and pedagogical implications of applying
natural approach in teaching English language to tertiary level engineering learners in a flipped model.
ing model to a variety of use to help students Natural Method is another term for what in the
develop theoretical understanding, as well as course of time had become known as the Direct
process of the activities they take part (Berg- Method. However, the natural approach is a lan-
mann and Sams 2012). They decide what is to be guage teaching approach, which claims that as
taught and what materials should be explored native language is acquired by the students, tar-
by the students on their own. get language should also be learnt in a natural
way. The approach holds on to a communica-
The Natural Approach to Teach English tive approach to language teaching. Unlike the
Language direct method, however, the natural approach
gives less emphasis on teacher talking for a long
Learning is one of the important everyday time, making students repeat what the teachers’
encounters for everyone, but it is most obvious say, and limiting the questions to the textbook
for young learners who rapidly attain new be- alone, and more importantly, less focus on accu-
haviors, data, languages, ideas and concepts racy in terms of target language sentences (Ri-
(Bartsch et al. 2003). One of the main objectives chards and Rodgers 1986).
of learning a language is to produce ideas and In the natural approach, the teacher uses the
communicate them using that language. More- target language to communicate in the class-
over, language is viewed as a vehicle for com- room, whereas students can use either the lan-
municating messages and meaning. According guage being taught or their mother tongue. The
to Krashen (1983), acquisition takes place only errors students commit during communication
when listener understands the message in the are not corrected by stopping them abruptly,
target language. When it comes to teaching of but activities are framed based on the errors they
the English language, there are different schools commit and administered outside the classroom
of thought depending on the kinds of require- as homework.
ment. Some advocate methods intensify gram-
mar teaching and drilling, some without giving Application of Natural Approach in a Flipped
prominence to grammar teaching, some advo- Model: Pedagogical Implications
cate activity-based teaching and so on. Young
learners tend to learn language more implicitly In accordance with comprehensible input
rather than explicitly (Cameron 2001; Pinter 2006; hypothesis advocated by Krashen, students
Slatterly and Willis 2001). learn a language only when it is understandable
A Spanish teacher named Tracy Terrell in to them. Natural approach is designed based on
California, USA, advocated an approach to the idea that language learning takes place only
teaching of language, which was different from when the students understand the language and
grammar translation method and other methods not by mere grammatical analysis of the lan-
existed for teaching language in the 1970s. He guage. Therefore, the learning situation should
based this approach on the use of language in consist of facilities where students could take
communicative situations and without reference part in authentic conversations, which is possi-
to grammatical drilling or grammatical analysis. ble only when they go beyond the classroom. In
According to Widdowson (1978), overempha- this way, students are aware that they are using
sis on grammatical correctness and rules would their English language to communicate, but they
result in prevention of the learners from devel- acquire language indirectly and also unnoticed
oping their communicative competence. He then (Krashen 1983).
collaborated with Stephen Krashen from Uni- Classroom is a place where students partici-
versity of Southern California to intricate the pate in activities based on the learning outcomes,
theoretical based and called this the natural ap- and their performance should be monitored by
proach of teaching language. the teacher and given apt feedback. According
There is common assumption amidst teach- to low affective filter, students acquire language
ers and learners that natural approach and natu- when they are not stressed and having fun.
ral method are synonymous to each other. Al- Methods of language teaching based on natu-
though there are certain common elements in ral approach utilize teaching strategies that re-
both, there are some important differences be- duce affective filter automatically (Krashen 1981).
tween natural approach and natural method. The As classroom is a serious place and students
16 D. PRAVEEN SAM
are pressurized with several things. They can- The following are the pedagogical implica-
not be relaxed and have fun inside the class- tions of applying the natural approach in the
room. On the other hand, students are relaxed flipped learning platform:
when they are outside the classroom. Therefore, Learning takes place within and without the
the flipped model suggests that students learn classroom.
or explore content, which is identified by the In the course of learning outside the class-
teacher outside the classroom using a comput- room, students participate in a self organized
ers, laptops, palmtops, smartphones, and so on, learning environment (SOLE), where they
and inside the classroom, they perform and par- learn in their own pace, and they collaborate
ticipate in activities designed by the teachers. with the peers face-to-face and online.
The Figure 2 represents the process involved While exploring content on a particular top-
using natural approach in the flipped learning ic or an idea, students collaborate via social
platform. networking websites and mobile applications.
Outside
Students access the resources
Classroom
online
Within
Classroom
Students discuss the resources with
the teacher online (through social
networking forums like WhatsApp
group and so on)
Students not only surf the Internet for in- effectiveness across disciplines and levels. The
formation but also use libraries, meet ex- unique features of this method are about taking
perts in the field of study, participate in learning beyond the classroom context, variety
online forums and so on. of activities in the classroom, collaborative
In the course of communication with peo- teaching and learning and so on. Likewise, nat-
ple outside the classroom, students tend ural approach of teaching English language is
to produce language in an authentic con- an effective approach, which advocates for an
text. And they indirectly use and learn lan- idea of learning language naturally and more
guage in a socio-cognitive perspective. importantly, without much emphasis on gram-
Students design learning strategies on their
mar. This study proposes a modality with the
own in course of exploring materials/con-
tents outside the classroom context. combination of natural approach and flipped
Students verify their ideas and information classroom model for teaching English language.
they have accumulated outside the class- Also, a process chart for the application of this
room by participating in various activities method has been proposed for the teacher. They
in the classroom. can use it as it is or alter it suiting their class-
Teachers administer activities in the classroom room context.
and monitor the progress of the students.
Teachers could give individual feedback to RECOMMENDATIONS
the students, after the class hours, through
email or other mobile applications such as Incorporation of natural approach for teach-
WhatsApp, Viber and so on. ing of English language in a flipped model is a
modality discussed in the paper. The following
DISCUSSION are the recommendations based on the study:
Teachers of the English language should
The objective of any method or model of incorporate methods, which enable the
teaching the English language is to equip stu- students to extend learning beyond the
dents with adequate competence in using the
classroom.
language. The flipped classroom can clearly be
a successful model, and as teachers and stu- A variety of materials should be used in the
dents become more comfortable with the con- course of learning along with the textbook
cept, it may become a standard. As the natural as a supplementary source of information.
approach is based on activities and a student Teachers should shift from lecture meth-
centric atmosphere inside and outside the class- ods to a collaborative way of teaching in-
room, flipped classroom serves as an effective volving students.
model. To work effectively in this model, teach-
ers will have to play the role of a moderator. In a REFERENCES
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