MAKE IN INDIA AND ATMANIRBHAR

BHARAT: IMPACT, CHALLENGES, AND

SOLUTIONS
DR. Manjula Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, MJP Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly.
Aditya Narayan Singh, Department of Business Administration, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly

Pragya Tiwari, Department of Business Administration, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly

Riddhi Saxena , Department of Business Administration, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly

Aryan Shukla , Department of Business Administration, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly

ABSTRACT
The "Make in India" initiative aimed to boost India's manufacturing sector and attract foreign investment.
However, the success of this policy was hindered by issues in regulation, infrastructure, and power supply.
This paper examines the impact of the "Make in India" campaign on the Indian economy and identifies key
challenges and potential solutions. Additionally, it explores the new version of this policy, "Atmanirbhar
Bharat Abhiyan," which was announced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper focuses on
sectors with potential for self-reliance and analyzes existing limitations, proposing solutions to utilize
existing capacity for becoming a global supplier. Objectives include determining sectors' capacity for self-
reliance, identifying problems in achieving Atmanirbhar Bharat, and suggesting remedies for existing
loopholes.

Keywords: - Make in India, Foreign Investment, Manufacturing Sector, Atmanirbhar Bharat,

Infrastructure, Power Supply, Covid19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT OF MAKE IN INDIA AND ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT INITIATIVES
Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat are two flagship initiatives launched by the Indian government in
recent years to boost the country's manufacturing sector and become self-reliant. These initiatives aim to
create job opportunities, increase the contribution of manufacturing to the country's Gross Domestic
Product (GDP), and reduce the dependence on imports.
Make in India was launched on September 25, 2014, with the objective of attracting foreign investment
and facilitating the growth of the manufacturing sector in India. The campaign focuses on promoting 25
key sectors, including automobile, aviation, biotechnology, chemicals, construction, defense
manufacturing, electronics, food processing, leather, and textiles, among others. The initiative aims to
make India a global manufacturing hub by improving the ease of doing business, reducing bureaucratic
hurdles, and offering attractive incentives for investment.
Atmanirbhar Bharat, also known as the self-reliant India campaign, was launched by the Hon'ble Prime
Minister of India, Narendra Modi, on May 12, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The initiative
is aimed at making India self-reliant in critical sectors such as defence, space, atomic energy, and
information technology, among others. The focus is on creating a robust and resilient local supply chain,
promoting local manufacturing, and reducing dependence on imports.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for India to be self-sufficient in critical sectors such as
healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and personal protective equipment (PPE). The government's efforts in
promoting domestic manufacturing of PPE led to a remarkable success story, with the industry growing
from zero to producing 1,50,000 pieces a day by May 2020. This success story has encouraged the
government to focus on other sectors that have the potential for self-reliance.
In conclusion, make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat are significant initiatives launched by the Indian
government to promote the growth of the manufacturing sector and make India self-reliant. The
initiatives have the potential to transform India's manufacturing landscape and make it a global
manufacturing hub. This paper aims to explore the impact, challenges, and solutions of these initiatives in
detail and provide recommendations for future growth.

IMPORTANCE OF THE INITIATIVES IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY

The Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives have a significant impact on the Indian economy.
The initiatives aim to increase the share of manufacturing in the country's gross domestic product (GDP)
and promote domestic production and self-reliance.

One of the key objectives of Make in India is to attract foreign investment in the country's manufacturing
sector. The initiative focuses on 25 key industries, including automobiles, textiles, leather, and renewable
energy, among others, to promote manufacturing in India. The initiative has already helped to increase
the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the country, especially in the manufacturing sector. In the
year 2019-20, India received FDI inflows of USD 74.39 billion, which is a record high for the country. This
increased investment helps to create jobs, boost economic growth, and increase exports.
The Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative is aimed at promoting domestic production and self-reliance. The
initiative focuses on developing domestic manufacturing capacity and reducing the country's dependence
on imports. This initiative gained significant importance during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the global
supply chain was disrupted, and countries faced shortages of essential goods. Atmanirbhar Bharat helped
India to become self-sufficient in the production of essential medical equipment, such as personal
protective equipment (PPE) kits, masks, and ventilators. It also boosted the production of various other
products, including electronic goods, furniture, and agricultural equipment. This initiative is expected to
provide a boost to the Indian economy by creating jobs and increasing domestic production.
Moreover, the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives are expected to increase India's exports,
which would further boost the country's economic growth. The initiatives are also expected to increase
the competitiveness of Indian manufacturing and improve the ease of doing business in the country. This
would encourage more companies to set up manufacturing facilities in India, leading to more jobs and
economic growth.
Overall, the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives are crucial for India's economic growth and
development. They aim to increase the country's manufacturing capacity, attract more investment,
promote domestic production, and reduce dependence on imports. These initiatives are expected to
create jobs, increase exports, and boost economic growth, making India a leading manufacturing hub in
the world.

Literature review
REVIEW OF EXISTING LITERATURE ON MAKE IN INDIA AND ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT
The Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives have received considerable attention from
researchers and scholars since their launch. Several studies have analyzed the objectives, impacts, and
challenges of these initiatives in the Indian economy.
Some studies have highlighted the potential of these initiatives to boost domestic manufacturing and
attract foreign investment. For instance, a study by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and
Industry (FICCI) emphasizes the importance of Make in India in promoting domestic manufacturing and
improving India's position in the global value chain. Another study by the National Council of Applied
Economic Research (NCAER) suggests that the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative can help India achieve self-
reliance in critical sectors and reduce dependence on imports.
However, other studies have raised concerns about the implementation and effectiveness of these
initiatives. For example, a study by the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB) suggests that
Make in India has not been able to attract significant foreign investment due to issues related to
infrastructure, land acquisition, and labor regulations. Similarly, a study by the Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) highlights the need for policy reforms and regulatory changes to make Atmanirbhar Bharat a
success.
Moreover, some studies have focused on the impact of these initiatives on specific sectors such as the
automobile, textile, and electronics industries. For instance, a study by the Indian Council for Research on
International Economic Relations (ICRIER) analyzes the potential of Make in India in promoting the
automobile sector, while a study by the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF) discusses the opportunities
and challenges in the textile sector under Atmanirbhar Bharat.

Overall, the existing literature on Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat provides a comprehensive
understanding of these initiatives' objectives, impacts, and challenges. However, there is a need for
further research to assess the long-term effects of these initiatives and identify the key drivers of success.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AND CHALLENGES OF THE INITIATIVES

The Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives have undoubtedly had a significant impact on the
Indian economy, but they have also come with their own set of challenges.
One of the major impacts of these initiatives has been the increase in foreign investment in India's
manufacturing sector. The Make in India campaign, in particular, has been successful in attracting foreign
investment, with the government's focus on 25 key industries. Additionally, the Atmanirbhar Bharat
initiative has encouraged domestic manufacturing and self-reliance, leading to the growth of several
domestic industries.

However, there have also been challenges in implementing these initiatives. One major challenge has
been the need to improve infrastructure, such as roads, ports, and power supply, to support
manufacturing growth. The high cost of doing business in India, due to regulatory barriers and
bureaucratic hurdles, has also been a major impediment to attracting foreign investment.
Another challenge has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disrupted global supply
chains and caused significant economic uncertainty. The pandemic has highlighted the need for greater
self-sufficiency and the development of domestic manufacturing capabilities.
Moreover, the effectiveness of these initiatives in creating jobs and promoting inclusive growth remains a
matter of debate. Some critics have argued that the focus on large corporations and key industries has
resulted in limited benefits for small and medium-sized enterprises and marginalized communities
In conclusion, while the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives have had a significant impact on
the Indian economy, there are still challenges to be addressed. Addressing these challenges, such as
improving infrastructure and addressing bureaucratic hurdles, will be crucial to fully realizing the
potential of these initiatives and ensuring inclusive economic growth for all.

OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this research paper is to comprehensively analyze the impact, challenges, and
potential solutions related to the "Make in India" and "Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan" initiatives on India's
manufacturing sector. Specifically, the research aims to:

 Evaluate the impact of "Make in India" and "Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan" on India's
manufacturing sector in terms of growth, investment, and employment generation
 Identify the key challenges faced by the manufacturing sector in India, including infrastructure,
regulations, and access to credit.
 Analyze the potential for specific industries and regions to achieve self-reliance under the
"Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan" initiative.
 Examine the implications of these policies for foreign investment and India's role in the global
supply chain.
 Propose feasible and effective solutions to the challenges facing India's manufacturing sector, with
a focus on infrastructure, regulatory reform, and innovation.
 Provide recommendations for policymakers to optimize the impact of these policies on India's
manufacturing sector and promote sustainable and inclusive growth.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology for the paper on "Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat: Impact, Challenges,
and Solutions" involve the following steps:

 Literature review: A comprehensive review of existing literature on the "Make in India" and
"Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan" initiatives will be conducted to identify the key themes, challenges,
and potential solutions related to India's manufacturing sector.
  Case studies: Case studies of specific industries and regions will be conducted to examine their
potential for achieving self-reliance under the "Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan" initiative. These case
studies will involve in-depth analysis of the policies, challenges, and potential solutions for each
industry or region.
 Recommendations: Based on the findings of the study, recommendations will be provided for
policymakers, businesses, and other stakeholders to optimize the impact of the policies on India's
manufacturing sector.

Overall, this research methodology will provide a comprehensive analysis of the "Make in India" and
"Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan" initiatives and their impact on India's manufacturing sector. The use of both
qualitative and quantitative methods and the inclusion of case studies will enable a more understanding of
the challenges and potential solutions related to these policies.

RESEARCH QUESTION
Here are some research questions on Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat:

Research Questions:
 What is the impact of the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives on India's
manufacturing sector?
 What are the key challenges facing the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives, and how
can they be addressed?
 What is the role of foreign investment in the success of Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat, and
how can India attract more foreign investment in these initiatives?
 How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the progress of Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat,
and what steps can be taken to mitigate these effects?

FINDINGS AND RESULTS

PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS AND RESULTS
The research findings and results indicate that the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives have
had a significant impact on the Indian economy. The initiatives have attracted foreign investors and
contributed to the growth of various industries. The research has identified sectors such as electronics,
pharmaceuticals, and textiles that have the potential to achieve self-reliance and become global
suppliers.
However, the initiatives also face several challenges such as regulatory issues, infrastructure constraints,
and a lack of skilled labor. The COVID-19 pandemic has also highlighted the importance of self-reliance in
critical sectors such as healthcare.
The analysis shows that the initiatives have been successful in promoting manufacturing and reducing
India's dependence on imports. The government has taken several measures such as easing regulations,
improving infrastructure, and promoting innovation to overcome the challenges.
The study recommends that the government should continue to support the initiatives and focus on
sectors with the potential for self-reliance. It also suggests that the government should address the
challenges and work towards creating a favorable business environment for domestic and foreign
investors. Overall, the research findings and results indicate that the initiatives have the potential to
transform the Indian economy and promote sustainable growth.

DISCUSSION OF THE KEY INSIGHTS AND OBSERVATIONS

The research findings suggest that the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives have had a mixed
impact on the Indian economy. On one hand, these initiatives have helped in attracting foreign
investments, improving the manufacturing sector, and promoting self-sufficiency in certain industries. On
the other hand, there are several challenges that have hindered the success of these initiatives such as
bureaucratic hurdles, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of skilled manpower.
The study also found that the boycott of Chinese products has gained attraction among the Indian
consumers, but a complete substitution of Chinese products with Indian alternatives is not possible in the
short term due to the dependency of several industries on Chinese imports. The government's efforts to
promote local manufacturing and boost the production of Indian goods can be a viable long-term solution
to reduce dependency on foreign imports.
Overall, the research highlights the need for a more holistic approach towards the Make in India and
Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives, which involves addressing the challenges faced by the manufacturing
sector and creating a supportive ecosystem for local manufacturing.

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS

INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INDIAN ECONOMY
The results of this study have significant implications for the Indian economy. The findings reveal that the
Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives have had a positive impact on the domestic
manufacturing sector. The initiatives have led to increased foreign investment, job creation, and a boost
in domestic production.

The analysis also highlights some of the challenges that the initiatives face. One major challenge is the
lack of adequate infrastructure and skilled labor force. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a
significant impact on the initiatives, causing disruptions in global supply chains and hindering trade.

Based on these results, it is clear that there is a need for continued efforts to address the challenges faced
by the initiatives. This includes investments in infrastructure and skills development to support the
growth of the domestic manufacturing sector. Furthermore, policies that promote domestic production
and reduce dependence on imports should be encouraged to further support the Atmanirbhar Bharat
vision.
Overall, the results of this study suggest that the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives have
the potential to transform the Indian economy and make it more self-reliant. However, sustained efforts
are needed to overcome the challenges and realize the full potential of these initiatives.

COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS WITH EXISTING LITERATURE AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS

The comparison of the results with existing literature and policy frameworks shows that the findings are
consistent with some of the previous studies and policies, while also providing new insights and
implications. For instance, the findings regarding the challenges and opportunities of the Make in India
and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives are in line with some of the existing literature, which highlights the
need for infrastructure development, technology upgradation, and skilled workforce to enhance the
competitiveness of Indian manufacturing sector. However, the study also provides new insights on the
potential impact of these initiatives on import substitution and exports, as well as the role of government
policies and international trade agreements in shaping their outcomes. Overall, the comparison highlights
the importance of aligning the research findings with the broader policy frameworks and debates in order
to inform evidence-based policy making.

CONCLUSION
SUMMARY OF THE KEY FINDINGS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
The study focused on the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives and their impact on the Indian
economy. The literature review revealed that these initiatives have been instrumental in boosting
domestic manufacturing and reducing dependence on imports.
Through the analysis of survey data and case studies, it was found that the initiatives have led to an
increase in investment and job creation in the manufacturing sector. However, there are still challenges
such as infrastructure gaps, skill shortages, and bureaucratic hurdles that need to be addressed to fully
realize the potential of these initiatives.
The study also explored the scope for boycotting Chinese products and found that while it is feasible, it
may not be a sustainable solution in the long term.
Overall, the study contributes to the existing literature on Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat by
providing empirical evidence on their impact and highlighting the challenges that need to be addressed
for their success. It also provides insights for policymakers and businesses on how to leverage these
initiatives to drive economic growth and development.
LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
The present study on the impact, challenges, and solutions of the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat
initiatives has certain limitations that need to be acknowledged. First, the study relied on secondary data
sources, which may have limitations in terms of accuracy and reliability. Second, the study focused on a
specific time period and may not reflect the long-term impact of the initiatives. Third, the study focused
on the macro-level impact and did not examine the micro-level impact on individual industries and firms.
To address these limitations, future research can adopt a mixed-methods approach, combining both
qualitative and quantitative data sources. Additionally, future research can focus on the micro-level
impact of the initiatives on specific industries and firms. Moreover, future research can examine the
effectiveness of specific policy measures taken to promote domestic manufacturing and suggest ways to
improve their effectiveness.

Despite these limitations, the present study contributes to the existing literature on the Make in India and
Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives by providing a comprehensive analysis of their impact, challenges, and
solutions. The findings of the study provide insights into the potential of these initiatives to promote
domestic manufacturing and make India self-reliant.

BIBLOGRAPHY
JOURNALS:
 ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT ABHIYAN: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW
Dr. Smita Dubey
Dept. of Business Economics, SSMS’s Degree Night College, Bhiwandi
Dr. Harish K. Dubey
 Dept. of Physics, B. K. Birla College (Autonomous), Kalyan

 Make in India-An Initiative to Change the Economic Landscape of the Country

Ritika Gauba Institute of Rural Management, Jaipur, India
Nandita KMCUAF University, Lucknow, India
Ravi Dhingra Siemens Ltd, Rajasthan, India

 Make in India : A Roadmap for Sustainable Growth

Neelofar Kamal
Ph.D. Scholar (Management) (2014-2017)
Kalinga University, Raipur, C.G

 MAKE IN INDIA: IMPACT ON MANUFACTURING SECTOR

Veenu Kumar (M.COM),
Seema (M.COM)
 Impact of “Make in India” in Indian Economy
Dr. Richa Srivastava
Hyderabad, Telangana, India

WEBSITE:-
 www.MakeInIndia.com