MARK ANTHONY N. AROMIN ENGR. PAL MALETER M.

DOMINGO
BSEESEP-T-3A-T MOTOR CONTROL

1. Define Motor Control

"Motor control" encompasses the procedures involved in overseeing and fine-

tuning the functioning of electric motors. It holds paramount importance in
guaranteeing that these motors work effectively, securely, and in alignment with
criteria across a range of settings, spanning industrial, commercial, and
residential domains. Furthermore, it serves as a pivotal element in streamlining
operations, improving energy utilization, and bolstering the capabilities and
durability of equipment powered by electric motors.

2. Motor Control Functions

• Starting and Stopping: It ensures smooth and controlled motor startups

and safe shutdowns.
• Speed Control: It allows precise regulation of motor speed, critical in
applications requiring varying speeds.
• Direction Control: Motors can operate in different directions as needed.
• Acceleration and Deceleration: Motors are managed for gradual speed
changes to prevent shocks.
• Protection: Motor control systems incorporate safety features to prevent
overheating and other issues.
• Energy Efficiency: They optimize power consumption by controlling
motor speed.
• Automation: Integration into automation systems enables remote
operation.
• Feedback and Monitoring: Real-time data on motor performance aids in
control and diagnostics.
• Coordination: Coordination with other systems is essential in complex
setups.
• Maintenance: Some systems offer diagnostics for proactive maintenance.

These functions ensure safe, efficient, and reliable motor operation across
various industries and applications.
3. Components of Motor Control

Components Definition Picture

Isolation Switch (Disconnecting
Switch)
Manual Circuit Breakers:
This switch separates the motor from the
primary power source. It consists of three-line
fuses and three knife-switches enclosed in a
metal box. An external handle can
simultaneously open or close these switches.
They are chosen to handle the motor's nominal
full-load current and withstand short-circuit
currents for brief periods.
These breakers function like toggle switches,
allowing you to open and close a circuit. When
they trip, they can be manually reset. They are
often used instead of disconnecting switches
because there's no need to replace fuses.

Cam Switches Cam switches control the movement and

position of devices like hoists, machine tools,
and calenders.

Push-Buttons Push-button switches are activated by applying

finger pressure. Pressing the button closes or
opens two or more contacts, and it's typically
spring-loaded to return to its normal position
when pressure is released.

Control Relays These are electromagnetic switches that open

and close contacts when the relay coil is
energized. A control relay is commonly used in
low-power circuits.

Thermal Relays These devices are sensitive to temperature and

act as overload protection. Contacts open or
close when the motor's current exceeds a preset
limit. The relay uses a calibrated heating
element to raise its temperature. Thermal relays
are essential for time-delay applications when
the system's temperature can't react to rapid
current changes.

Magnetic Contactors Magnetic contactors are control relays designed

to open and close power circuits. They include a
magnetic plunger and relay coil with movable
contacts. They are used to control motors
ranging from 0.5 hp to several hundred hp.

Proximity Detectors These sealed devices can detect objects without

direct physical contact.

Pilot Lights Pilot lights indicate the on/off status of remote

components within a control system.