How To Turn Loaded Dice Into Fair Coins

!"$# %&'(!
)
*+-,/.102436587 9;:1+-<=05.>:1<1?>@5-5-?>ACB D(36,6EF:1@G2IH8JLKMJ+-,ON>24+8B P+-0Q42SRTCUV,6363OW>24+8B
.103OWYX[Z\^]>]>_
b` acedefhgjikd
lSmonjpqm-rsmet4u(vVtjmewxuqm-y{zjtj|~}4jmIp(rs| "j~vhuq| tjVOvk| p(yI| t| nrrs| tj vj|~vIrsm-=ru{vhuq| ItvkpqrsIjp{ym
k=p{vktÎotjm-rqreCFm-}4jmetym-rk=p{vktÎtFj"1mep{rvkpqm/k=n1mepqhvIrs| Im/| on1Ipsu{vktym/| tVypqFnûqIIp{vknjzFvkt
F| u{vkFuq%vktF(kuqzjmepCyIonjûq| tjvknjnj |~yevhuq| Itre[vktFrsIjp{ym-rMk1p{vktÎotjm-rqrehrsy{zvIr[p{vI^| 4vIy!uq| ImGIp
}4vkt4uqj'om-y{zvktj|~yevkrsIjp{ym-reIn14rqrsm-rqruqzjmnjpqIn1mepsu"k=ru{vhuq| Itvkpq| uI[tkuqzjmepGwIp{jrekuqzjmenjpq^^ym
| t^men1met^met4u"Iûqnjû{r(hImep%j^m-SnjpqIvkj| | u^|~ruqpq| jûq| ItreVzjmIûqnjûkrsy{zrsIjp{ym-r%v81m
F| mewm-vIruqzjm(pqm-rsj ukpqI | tjovoj|~vIrsm-VIp 4vI^m-^| mIClYzj| mvj|~vIrsm- ^| mv8b1mvIF^rsIjp{ym
kmet4uqpqInFIvktFvknjnj |~yevhuq| Itr"pqm-}4j| pqmb| tjnjûo| tuqzjmVIpq k/jtFj|~vIrsm-j| u{rep{vhuqzjmep"uqzvktj|~vIrsm-
Itjm-reV¡jIpuqzj|~r(pqm-vIrsIt=Mvk o4ruj¢uSIm-vkp{rvkI=IIt£/mejvktjtnjpqm-rsmet4uqm-Sv tjhw¤wme ¥Ftjhwtvkt
mFuqmetrs| Ime | tFIm-ruq| 4vhuqm- uqm-y{zjtj|~}4jmIprs| tjvbj|~vIrsm-yI| tuqrs| "j~vhuqmovOvk| pyI| t=lSmo^m-rqypq| 1m
vtjmew;Imetjmep{vk | ¦-vhuq| ItVk[IIt £/mejvktjt=§ r/vk IIpq| uqzj^|~ruq| tjIj|~rszjm-Fb| u{rzj| Iz meImeknjp{vIy!uq|~yevk | u
vktvkometvkj| | uuqvktvk ^rs|~re[tyIt4uqp{vIruGuqonjpqmeF| Irm¨>Ipsu{re^wm(vkpqmvkj m%uqonjpqhIm%Ijpvk IIpq| uqzj
Inûq| vk m©by| met4u-F| touqzjm%rsmetrsmuqzvhu| urs| "j~vhuqm-rCuqzjmvh^| "jn14rqrs| j m/tFj"1mepGkOvk| pyI| to| nr
Ip(vVI| ImetªtFj"1mep(k^| mopqI ~retOvIy!u-=wmovkpqmovkj m"uq njpqhIm(uqzvhu(| tvktSvIrsFonûqkuq|~yorsmetrsmIjp
vk IIpq| uqzj«mFuqp{vIy!u{rGuqzjmj =met4uqpqInFk[| u{r| tjnjû-IpqmehImep-4wm(^meoItruqp{vhuqm%m^n1mepq| omet4u{vk uqzvhu
IjpGvk IIpq| uqzjvIy{zj| meIm-rCvzj| Iz meImejk=yIonjû{vhuq| ItvkvktIûqnjûGm©by| mety| tbvnjp{vIy!uq|~yevkrsmusuq| tj
¬ 4®°¯"± fh²[cI³ ypqFnûqIIp{vknjzFI4Imetjmep{vhuqIp-4p{vktÎtFj"1mepImetjmep{vhuqIp-Fp{vktÎotjm-rqre
´qÖµ×6ØI¶IÙ ¼e·¹½Ê¸1ººe¾»^¿ ¼e¼ ½sØ º¾¶k¼eÄ{½¿ ¿À À{Ø Á{Ä{Â^À{µÁ¶IµG·À{ÁÃÀ!ºº½¾sÄsº(Úb¶kÛMÀ{¾Ä{½!ÅIÇ ½ÂF¿ ¾6Ü[ÆhÀ{Ç=Ë Ë>È¸1ÉOÊºe»4ºeÁ{¿ Ë¢Ç[ÌÈÍeÉOÎIÊÏeÐ-ºeÎI¿ Ë¢Ñ-Ì ÝsÍ>ÕFÒÍeÓ-ÎeÔ{ÞhÕ ß4Ñ-à1áÑ!âhÎIÏãhä-ÎáOåhÎ-ß4ÓeäkæÐ-ÎhäkÑ-ähÍeÎIÓâMÒåkäkç8ç8è8ç8Íeå4Ñ1ÒÓ8Ô{Õ

!#""$&%&'(#%)%&*',+-."/101+2#"$3-145//6'231/%&' %&78&#% 49/#+2'23:399+2%&/%&'((461;*017<="$&-6%&90

+->?398/ 1@A/B.9',C1@A+21;97D.7=E(+2(FHG!/+2->+21;97D.7=E(+2!#+8I'(#+2',8+/9+2',14
%)%&)',7 7<>"+21',%&',J/I;9(+2%K1J'23*/B.9',)@L+7M"$/;9#NO+21;97M.7=E(+H019(+2#/1+28PRQTSCUJVWYX2F
GZQTSCUJVM%&W1[1011+2%37]\C3%&'23:#^1=>/+2-*+21;97_%&9"$91;a`///+('239b?%W/*"+6;',>90
/B.9', 1@A.7=E(+2HE#+2%&90 1?#""#+21', 1@c+21;97 9(FTd!39(+ %&! &#+01 E6;9-I1@A&%/(+2#9+J
39W;9%0I1;I"+1"(+%e1@fQTSCUJVW(461F 09F4fg h649i.4j(k945j1j14ji645jl64jl645jm64jn649h#k649h1l649i#k946i6j,oOFep:'23>
/;9-<%&T;9(K11/; 4639903 4/839C"$3-6%&'(19019(+2#%>1; "+6',%&90J1@ 39+21;97Z%&9"$9e/(;e3#
@R9f39/8QTSCUJVW(F)qr%&C',7 7<s"+21',%&',8%&?398&%/(+2#9+ /I1E1%&: +21;97t/(;sE.-*%&K11^6%&90u
/7 %vNw7=-.3%&'(1)`/%@L1+27M+21;97D/9+2',b6F
Qe+21',%%9(+2e3K1'(1&; %&/=/(+K6%&',CJK##+2%(w-1@"$3-6%&'(1/9+2',e1@+21;97 9(Fcd!39/!%&'(&;9
/-6//7x'(6'^6(4+21;%1',%K1)/9+2',)gvjhyoO4B.17x7<'231%&'(1.,z',e%&8/7 %&',;',/1+c;9(K6%&',)gvj14h1h{oO4
7 #09(%&'I;%&/^:%&7 %&90Igvj{|{oO4c^1(-.E#+2;}1;}7</ %&7 %&90Ig h1iyoO4A1;}&K#s&17<"$Ig |{oO4c17<90:139(+2(F
d!%&7 %&90W1@!3.7 1~%&/(+21',%}\C%3~?^1(-.E#+2;~1+7</I#+u'(9++-:39u7</8',7 7</9+2',
1@T+21;97/(;W@L1+ ',+-."/101+2#"$3%&'#""$&%&'(#%C[QHH(F=GC@L/(+ *6u'(%W17<J1@'23:%&7 %&90
;#=%&e0#39(+; 46%T%&e019(+21&-<3139;I;9{\C /8Ijh1m{NOE$%T1+Wj#kyNOE$%/(; Fed!3%&e7<(396; +&%A@L1+H%
/'(9+2%w-80#+21/(e 9"+{K11+T9"+{K##E$H17<"%c#E9A39)/+1".-8019(+2#/; E.-3.7 1
/(+2=g {o1;*39J+1E$/9H1@A313*@R',%H1!/+1".->,6/+21',/1+2(F
.7<:1@J39/ /9+2',I1@ +21;97 9(4)'231I+21;%1',%K1 /9+2',u1;B.177<'231%&'(1
/9+2',u7 --6%&;;#}@L+7"+1E$#E$%&&%w-;%&//+2%E$9%83#>#+:/#%#+-1Fq139(+u\1+2;(4)39
9/"$91@f39/J/9+2',H;9.H91)'231901W{K1(+!%&7<W1;u;9.H91);9("; >"+(K6%e9/"$9(FeeK1
%@eu/9+2',%&/#%#+-14 39903 4%019(+21&-?31WIE$%&1(Fqs139(+W\1+2;(4539/9+2',<;9.910%K1
E$%&1/;IE$%1H;%+',9/"$9(FAp:1-u#""$&%&'(#%(4/"'(%&1&- %&I',+-."/101+2#"$3-149+-<>/B.9',H1@
E$%&1/;>E$%(FeqrC%&)39(+(@L1+=B.%/ %&7<"1+1)/IE #E$J/I,6/+21',E$%&1/;>E$%),u'(%-u@L+7t
/#%#+-*/9+2',J\C%3*9^69{\C>E$%&1(F
69""/J3# +1;%&90<1E1%&9;?@L+7t/#%#+-*/9+2',=1@A+21;97 9!'(1sEJB.1f/>1-
91@ ;%vz(+TK#1&9(4E$9T3#39"+1E$#E$%&&%w-81@ 1E1%&%&9081-<91@f39/K#1&9%&T9^69{\C F
6'23* /9+2',J1@c+21;97 9)'(1*EJ39903)1@A1! ;%Jt\C%3>@R1',(T#^6%&90<+1;%&90H@L+739
+21;97D/9+2', %&)&%^1J+&&%&90839 ;% sFed!39J_@R1',!1@A]#+=91!9',#+2%&-IB.1&-I"+1E$#E$1FAq
139(+\1+2;(45398;%=_7 -?E=1;9; FWW9+C1%&7]%&?3%&!"$#"(+%&!/>/8 0%K1:.7=E(+C1@A+&&!1@
t/I%&78&#/ 7 y9%&7 1 .7=E(+)1@@R1%+C',%&>5%"$(F
w I9eOT>¡>f¢
£ =UC7 1Ig i1hyo#z(+2f"(+23#"$39A#+2&%/ \!+2%//J+(@L(+',e/!39e"+1E$71@9%&78&#%&90)E$%&1/;
',%& 5%"$W%&90>>E$%&1/;[',%& F<¤CI;9',+2%E39<@L&{\C%&90u/+2%&'^:@L+7_39<@L^61+1F<¥c&%" 39<E$%&1/;
',%&>w\C%&',1Feqr@c%)',7<C9"?¤dJ499/"$9)1?¤=F9qr@c%)',7<C9"?d!¤=499/"$9)<dJF539(+\C%&/149/#+){K1(+F
d!3%&)7<(396;?\C%&& %&78&#/J39=9/"$9!1@A1sE$%&1/;?',%&s%++/"',%K1J1@c39=E$%&1)1@c398',%&s/;
%&~39>%&78&#% F?d!39I/+21;9(#z%& 3%&(39>//+901(+839uE$%&1 1@!39>',%&}"+{K6%&;%&90?%&9"$9 /:39
%&78&#% 439>{\(+<%=/+1".-14e1;}39>901(+839u%&78&#%~\C%&&A#^1>K1(+2#01*/:"+6;',
9/"$9(FAA6"$1+2%&90 ,6/%1@fK1>UC7 1 ¦ T/'23%&B.9W%&T8@RK11+2%/J'(&1/+.7Z,6(+2'(%&/1491;u31
@L1+27<;*39JE$1%&)1@c .7=E(+)1@+/#+2'23s,z1+(F
W9>&%&9 1@!+/#+2'23/+#019(+21&%§#%81@!K1UC7 1 ¦ 87<(396;E.-[\C3%&'23%8%&="%E$
/~1E1%&E$%&1/;',%&5%"$8@L+7Ë$%&1/;©p:#+^1{KH31%&*PRp[HYX2Fd!39/?p[H<019(+21&-17<
39:@L&{\C%&90~@L1+27*FªT1'23/#/[%&39 p[D31Iw\9/01%&90/+21%% \C%3"%E$-9B.1
"+1E$#E$%&&%%(Fe«39?9=1@A39/=/+21%%!%&)@L&{\; 45sj=%&)9/"$9(¬$\C39?39=139(+%&!@L&{\; 4
k %&H9/"$9(FeUC1/=3#!E$%&1/;*;% '(1*E 7<6;9;>@R1%+2-u'(/-uE.->'23? p[F
j
T&%&1*g m{oC%&8"(+23#"$=39 $+2/8/["+1"/>[7<181@,6/+21',%&90[E$%&1/;E$%8@L+7 1©p[Z1@
3%&/1+(FW¤%&',//+2',%:%&9#+2-*1"%&7 1%&?39//83#W%C9/"$9/+1".-s#""+1'2393#
1@e39;9(+2-6%&90 p[Fd!39=019(+21&%w-?1@TT&%&1(¦ 1011+2%37]1;C/*u;%vz(+Cw-."81@T%&9,u'(%',-14
39{\(K1(+Fsd!39 ,6"',/;.7=E(+ 1@!//("$=@L1+=\C3%&'23[39up[ 78/ E +2[E(@L1+I39 $+2/ "$%',I1@
9/"$9W%&C1E1%&9;:%&C"1/%&1&-?7<1+831s39.7=E(+1@T/#/J%&s39'231%& F H&7 g iyoc"+1"/
1[1011+2%37_%&:\C3%&'23:39<,6"',/;~.7=E(+W1@//("$J/*1E1%& 9/"$9WE$%W%&J&%&9#+J%&:39<%§(<1@
398;9(+2-6%&90<p[45E$9!39=/+1".-?1@e39=9/"$9%&C{\(+31s3#W%&?398',//+2',%s1@eT&%&1(F
H&7*¦ )1011+2%37D%&)#01%& 4$39{\(K1(+4$K1(+->019(+21 F
./9T1;<«~#++ g h1myo$"+1"/!1I1011+2%37 3#(4\C3%&)91e+("+/%&90=JE+1;<019(+21&%§#%
1@5K1 UC7 1 ¦ A7<6;9 4%&7<"+{K1A9E$/1%&1&-J %c,u'(%',-1FAd!39(-=E$%&&;=#+2&%(+A\1+^%&83%&
#+64c%&'(&;%&90u7</=91#E$-:3# 1@)¤C.,z ;%&90?1;6%&7< gvj 1oOFId!39<\1+^ 1@C./9=1;[«~#++
7 -~%&[@R1',=E<K6%(\;}18',7<"$7<#+- /s3#=\C3%&'23[\I"+/=39(+1F>d:%&7<"$&%@L-?/7<(\C3#(4
./9 1; «~#++~1%&7_/?%&78&#/<6;[.7=E(+W1@@R1%+ ',%& 5%"$%&90*1J@L(\ +&&1@H>E$%&1/;
;% 1C"%E$1Feqs',/+21/(459+C1%&7*4$0%K1s6;?.7=E(+!1@A+&&H1@e<E$%&1/;s;%14$%&)/I,6/+21',W1
7 1-I@R1%+)',%&u5%"$1H"%E$1FcG39903>39/Ww\ "+1E$7 T\&;>#""#+H/<EJ9#+2-I%&;9%&'(1 4
39(-s%&?@R1',9+2?9/uE8B.%/8;%vz(+(FCd!3%&C%&C(K6%&;9',;?E.-?39=@L&{\C%&90I9+"+2%&%&90@R1',(F«[
"+{K13#9+H1011+2%37Z%&e1"%&7 15%& /(+27 T1@ 39,6"',/;>.7=E(+T1@ 9/"$9TE$%T%T-6%&;(Fe./9
1; «~#++ 4[39<139(+=31; 4f"+{K1 3#J@L1+ 39%+ ',7<"$7<#+-:@L1+278&#% 1@39<"+1E$7*4
39(+ 81"%&7 1c1011+2%37*F=ps1+({K1(+439<1011+2%37]1@!./9J1;:«~#++ 4f\C3%&
',',("15%&7<"$14%&e;%vu'(A/811-.§(1FeUC1+H%&T%T'(#+H39{\39%+1011+2%37Z7 %03eEC%&7<"$7</;
%&* ',7<"$9#%1&-I,u'(%C7 19(+F
Q(+23#"$)7</)%&7 %&&#+H%&u1011+2%37 %&'!5K11+!/<9+H\1+û%&H3#H1 @ W% /^6//+26FAq*391+H"$#"(+ g l{oO4
39C39{\Ce39{\/8/! E$%&1/;<',%&:PL1+4.1/(+2#%K1-14.JE$%&1/; ;%yX/8%&78&#/!J@R1%+T;%)\C%3 J0%K1
.7=E(+!1@c@R1',(F)¤C8;9',+2%E(46@L1+%&/1',14539{\ª/u%&78&#/ ui|Nw%&;9;?;%=1!@L&{\C(FT«[ 5%"?39
E$%&1/; ',%&8i|H%&7<(4y1; 39 +1#/T39T+%&90)/B.9',T/!39(@L%&1%f7 %&%&787a,6101+2#"$3%&'
K#1&9H%&1'23%(K1; FAG7 %&90W96NO/+2%K6%&115%"8/B.9',1439H.7=E(+1@$+1#%-6%&;39+&1@$39
%&78&#/;<;%1F!PRd!3%&c\1+^6eE'(1/Ci|J%&A"+2%&7<141E$9A,6/%A/8',7<"%/!.7=E(+2e#+!"%E$1F X
d!39I/'23%&B.9I;9',+2%E;~%&~9+8"$#"(+8%&K1K1891! /=+1#%(4cE$9=1&/s"(+2789#%(4c1;/
7 ->EJ+(0#+2;9;?1C<#9+21 ,6/%*1" @ W% /^6//+26¦ )1E$/(+K##% F
S!&#/;#+1I1@W+/#+2'23%&'(&;9>3# 1@J¥9&;7 1(u1 Fg n{oOFq©39%+ ,6"$1+2#%©1@ d9+2%&90
7 1'23%&9(4)¥9&;7 1©(u1 F/((^~7 1&!/( 1@JE$%&1/;',%& '(#"$#E$?1@J,u'(%-%&78&#%&90~1-
# Nw%&;9;u;%<PL\C39(+ # %&T"-697 %&1$%&I39J%&9"$99013u1@f39Jd9+2%&9087 1'23%&9yX2Fed!39(-I39{\3#H@L1+
39</"'(%&1c'(1/ 1@%&78&#%&90I9 $Nw%&;9;:;%K6%& % PR1& 0 $XC',%&:5%"$(4-?w\?w-."W1@T+2#%1&-
E$%&1/;u',%&#++B.%+; FcA6/%e1@f39%+\1+^ %&'(&;9!39C"$#"(+2T1( @ 'C3#+2>g h1nyo 1;Iqr/3 gvjyoOF
G&/?1@H+(K#1',u%&J39I\1+^ 1@C613s1; £ #§%+21%g )h 1oO4\C39s39{\ 39{\ /s/I?\#^[+216N
;97 /9+2',u1@CE$%=/ "+6;',IE$%8//+2%&90=\C3%&'23#+*91<%&;9%&'(1T/94eE$9%&;%&/%&90%&3#E$=@L+7
"(+@L',-I+21;97 9(FTd!39%+H/'23%&B.9)#+JE$1/;>>39 %&7<"$/+2%&'Î1 @ *WSC%&90/101(39(+C\#^6-
+21;97/B.9',(Feq*@L&{\)Nw9">/ 3%&H\1+^5 4 1""$1<1;*U#+2-11g 1of,917 %&9J39J,6"',/;
"(+@L1+27 1',J1@c'23*\#^?/9+2',(F
,+ -se $#/.10

q3%&="$#"(+4A\*"+/ 9(\M,6/%1@C39u/'23%&B.9>1@CK1©UC7 1g i1h#oH@L1+ %&78&#%&90
E$%&1/;>',%&>5%"$%&90<E$%&1/;*',%& FW9+)1011+2%377 #^1C/W1@c<;%Jt\C%3>9^69{\CuE$%&1H/
%&78&#/)5%"$c1@ 1uE$%&1/;<',%& 4.1;I%&A3.T%&<3917<CK1%&I1e391011+2%37 A1@2W% /^6//+2Ig lyo1;
./9 1;[«~#++g h1myoOF GJ,6"$&1%&9;[#E{K114c39{\(K1(+439/ "+(K6%W1011+2%37 J%&78&#/ 6;
%@L1+27_;%&//+2%E$9% %&90*?K##+2%&#E$ .7=E(+ 1@)%&9"$9(F q}',/+21/(4c9+81011+2%37_#^136;
.7=E(+A1@5E$%&1/; %&9"$9c1; %&78&#/AJK##+2%&#E$).7=E(+A1@5@R1%+T',%&85%"$( F -<#""+1'23%&90J39)1/^
h
1@fE$%&1/;I%&78&#%<@L+7 3%&e"(+2/"',%K114\W#+#E$C/',//+2',1u1011+2%37Z7<1+17<#E$
/=E13 "+21',%&'(1$%&7<"$7<#% 1; 39(1+(%&'C11-6%&e31 39/C"+(K6%e1011+2%37 (FeVW%K1u1-
6;<.7=E(+A1@5+&&c1@WE$%&1/;<;%!s4\!#+C#E$H/ "+{K1!3#A9+T1011+2%37 %&c1"%&7 1&- ,u'(%
%&u39 //J3#!%)1'23%(K1!39 7 y9%&787M"%E$C9/"$9H/+1".-1FG;;%%1&-14\J"+{K1 3#!%&
1>1/-67<"/1%&'W//1469+)1011+2%37 ,6/+21',)39@R&/+1".-u1@sFe¥c%&1&-14.\"+/H,6"(+2%&7<
39{\C%&903#(49\C%3*'(#+(@R %&7<"$7<#% 4.9+!1011+2%371'23%(K1C<3%03>;9(01+(J1@c',7<"$9#%1
1;*9/"$9),u'(%',->%&*<"+21',%&'(1f/(/%&909F
-? T 0O 0 e
)
d!39J+7 1%&;9(+H1@c3%&H"$#"(+!%&)1+01%§(;?1)@L&{\C(FAq?/',%sh.4\ 0%K1=;95%%(461;?;9',+2%E
9+8@R1%+=E$% ,6/+21',/1+F?q/',%i?\u"+/=w\ 39(1+7 839{\C%&9094A%&~w\ ;%vz(+8//(4
3#1'23%(K1 1"%&7 19/"$9,u'(%',-1Fq©/',% [\*"+/,6"(+2%&7<<',;',/;\C%3
1s%&7<"$7</;*K1(+2%?1@e1011+2%3
7 FH«[','(&;9=%&?/',% lE.-?90101/%&90I/7<8K1.9@L1+
@R9+39(++/#+2'23 F8d!3%&C"$#"(+W1&/*%&'(&;9!w\s#"";%&',(FWq GC"";%v?G=4 \0%K1"+.1@R1@T39
w\39(1+7 H"+//;>%&I/',%*i.FequGC"";%v
46\W0%K1W8"$/;9#Nw',6;9W%&7<"$7<#% 1@f9+
"+1"/;>@R1%+!E$%H,6/+21',/1
+ F
xCCf

+cw [
! "# T10O T

«[!;959%$ '& ( )&/WEH11011+2%37+* 3#A;9.39H@L&{\C%&909F,* #^1e1c%&9"$9W/B.9',

-/.102- gvjYo 3 - g h{o 35454543 - g $o76:1@$7<I%&98W4H\C39(+3$ª%& 1-"%%K1?%&/(01(+F:* 9/"$9I
/B.9',<;2=53>;@?)3545454A3>;@B81@AE$%(49\C39(+ # %&!1:%&/(01(+C3#CK##+2%C1<@R',%?1@ - FH«[;991/=39
9/"$9)1C @ * ?%&9"$9 - E.D - * P - X2FT¤C',<* 7 -uEJK6%(\;*1C@R',%E* F8#G H 0 kI3jJ6 FCKf( 7
EC6; "+1E$#E$%&&%w-8;%&//+2%E$9%8{K1(+H 5%/!/(T1@ 7<T%&L 8WFAGe,6"$&1%&9; #E{K1146\C7 -
3%&9^*1@ 1J>;%1!+&&%&90 3%&;%%&CB.%K#1/?;9+2\C%&90u1:7<W@L+7]39<;%&//+2%E$9%?sF
«[ 31&(JL G?;991/39"+1E$#E$%&&%w-*;%&//+2%E$9%>{K1(+ $+&&C1@T39;%s4 % F 1F4 398"+1E$#E$%&&%w-
;%&//+2%E$9%I@L+7\C3%&'23*</B.9', - 1" @ $ +&&)%&!;9+2\C F
«[;9 59!#M &N$ '& ( )&e/ E)9)\C3%&'23<#^1%&9"$9@L+7 6; ;%&//+2%E$9%81;9/"$9
E$%//+2%&90=%&}\C3%&'23}E$%=#+*%&;9(";9=1;E$%&1/; Fsq139(+\1+2;(4esE$%=,6/+21',/1+I%&=@R1%+%@
@L1+C13 - $A41 - 6;*"+1E$#E$%&&%w-I;%&//+2%E$9%>t{K1(N + 8W4$1;?1->"$1%+)1@cE$%//+2%&90 ;1O ; ;>P1@B.1
9013 41Qe+ QSRUT,V$g * P - X . ;o . Qe+ QSRUT,V$g * P - X . ;>P oO, F Kf(#
WX Y[Z\~P - X;991/H39H.7=E(+1@E$%9/"$9
E.-u,6/+21',/1 + * ?%&9"$9 - FTd!39J@L&{\C%&90;9 5%%*'23#+21',/(+2%§(!1"%&7 1&%w->%&*1*,6/+21',/1 + * F
]_^F`badcfeJcgha:ikj M 1

&S$ !$ C (
'& ( )&#* l$ >m n )o MhM )& Dp )oo '& ( )& #*qPfp
r QSRUT,V $g WX Y[Z>\~P - XOo5g P XOo

s r / )
QSRUT,V ,
WX Y[Z \ t - [uSv w x&zy )& >p* ){ mh{ n n )o @m ( |{InL$ x& }M
, 2 $ ,

$ )~ x& )oo 5{ h( }M 9& 5u
f( K gvjYo g h{o

-.02- g$ o ?E* /B.9',*1@C+1;%&90;9+2\C@L+7¨ $F}«[*+(@L(+</[39
3 - 3545454U3 - 76 LG
.7=E(+f1@;%&/%&',+1;%&90%& 31 1+B.1/ g o6139 e1@ g oO4;991/; E.-

- P g oRX2F- & - FF -
, î 69""/<3#=39u;%I -6%&;J39I9/"$9=/B.9', -.0 l3j(kI32h1i323j(kI32hiF6F~d!39

- gvjYo . l.4 - g h{o . j(k64 - g i{o . h1i.4 - g #o . .4('#FT¤C(+14FFP - gvjYoRX . #j 4FFP - g h{oRX . i.4FFP - g i{oRX .
94 FF P - g #oRX . h. 4 FFP - g l{oRX . i.4$1;FFP - g {oRX . 9F
«[W'(1&P - X .:0 FFP - gvjYoRX>35FF.P - g h{oRX>3545454)35FFP - g $oRX6W39l& 5{ h(e1@ - FA«[W;991/E.-
0 P - X 6*39D& On<{Io e1@ - F*d!3%& %& 39u91+2;9(+;~78%&/(J}39u/(zP - 2X F?¥c%&1&-14\u(
i
P X;991/839<.7=E(+<PL1+W@L+B.9',-X)1@T+1;%&90%&
}fQ - \C%3s+219^D¬}fQ<PXC7 -:1&/uE=K6%(\;
1!39 .7=E(+)1@c6'('(9++',)1@c39 %&/(01(+S%& P - X1+ 0 P - X6F
, ^ 69""/?#01%& 4)1u%&A917<"$~j#4)3#I39s;%s-6%&;39s9/"$9I/B.9', -/.

l j(kI32h1i323j(kI32hiF6Fd!39W+219û/B.9',W1@ - %& P - X .:0 j)32i3 32h32i3 I6FCd!3.(4}fQ<Pj{X . j#4}QP hX .
0 3
#j 4}fQP iX . h.4$1;}fQP,.X . h.F
+c,+ . ff10
e$6 &0O
«[C31&69{\;9',+2%E9+e1011+2%37 @L1+A,6/+21',%&90 @R1%+AE$%@L+7 WE$%&1/;<;%1F«[C31&6',//+2',

x1H39 ',7<"%%u1@w\ 1011+2%37 (49'(1&;Dl=!1;DN?yFTd!39W1011+2%37l=H\C%&&$7 #^1=/1@39
E$%&1/;~;% /:%&78&#/I1}E$%&1/;[;%8F>d!39 1011+2%37 N?<\C%&&#^1>?+&c1@)39I%&78&#/;

E$%&1/;s;%
Z1; ',K1(+J%W%&/>1:E$%&1/;sE$%//+2%&909FC¤C',14 391011+2%37 . N?Sl=W\C%&&
#^18 /B.9',J1@c+1;%&90 - @L+739 E$%&1/;*;%J]1;?',K1(+%!%&/ 1sE$%&1/;uE$%//+2%&909F
g)cfe l= c'a ! c ^#"$",c^ eAg c %d eA^ % a c ^#"&",c^ ('d!39 E$1%&J1@HK1UC6N
7 1 ¦ C1011+2%37t%&!39=@L&{\C%&90 1E$/(+K##% FVW%K1s3#W1s¤ 1;sIdª6'('(9+W%&?'(',%K1=5%"$(4
E13<1+2;9(+2%&90A1@39C¤1;<39Cd#+!B.1&-&%^1-14% F 1F439!"+1E$#E$%&&%w-=3#T1I¤d6'('(9+2e%&AB.1
/<39W"+1E$#E$%&&%w-3#!d!¤6'('(9+2(FAd ',//+2',S l=(49\J31&$,6/;*#""$&%&'(#%I1@3%&T"+2%&'(%"$
@L+7ME$%&1/;>',%&u/ 8E$%&1/;>;%1FT69""/39W-I%&9@L1+27 #%I\W^69{\%&3#!u+&&1@39J;%
3K1-6%&;9; =/(T1@f+1;%&90 - \C%3<39C+219^ 78%&/( 0 P - X 6FHE$/(+K1C39I3#1-<1+2;9(+2%&90
0 P - X 6<%&)<"%E$+219^>/B.9',N P - XH@L1+ - F
j h
m
& 1
)&
L 8
4 1 & =

2
' ª
3 2
+ 1 9 a
^ /

.
B 9

,
'
P - X?#+}B.1&-"+1E$#E$1F_!F 09F480%K1ª3# 0 P - X 6 .
O
0 ) j 3)j 32h 32Fi 64=%>%&IB.1&-&%^1-©3# P - X . 0 i 32h 3)j 3Jj 61*%>%&I3# P - X . 0 )j 32h 3)j 32Fi 61*%>%&
3#P - X .:0 )j 32h 32i 3Jj 64 ('#F
'%&90?3%&J1E$/(+K##% 4\u'(1%&78&#/ 1}E$%&1/;~;%I1 @L&{\C(F?VW%K1}?/B.9', - 4\
',//+2',AJ&%&/1@51&."%E$e1+2;9(+2%&9039)78%&/( 0 P - X 6%&8.7<(+2%&'(1.1+2;9(+4% F 1F4%&1',;%&90
1+2;9(+A1@5%&/(01(+AK#1&91FTE$/(+K1H3#c39!.7=E(+1@57<A%&83%&c&%&/c%&B.1./ $*) +*,:-P }QP .X ) X2¬6(
'(1&53%&.7=E(0 + /FAqr@ P - XT%&392 1W3u7<H%&I3%&&%&/T1@f1+2;9(+2%&90T 0 P - X 64\9/"$93 1F
PLq?139(+\1+2;(4\=9/"$9!39 +219^>1b @ P - X)%& 0 P - X 6F X*d!39J9/"$94 1Z7 -*E /(s/I+("+/
39<+W1@?%&908+&1@H1~E$%&1/; ;%\C%5 3 /%&;9W&#E;)j 32h 32i 3545454)36/F«[I31&c'(1&c3%&
E$%&1/;*;%( 8F
, ^ 87 69""/3#)\W1E1%&>39J/B.9',J1@+1;%&90 (j kI32l3jlF6>39+(J+&&T1@39

- .:0
;%sF d!3%&C/+21&#/W%&/>39+219^s/B.9',<P - X . 0 h3j)32iF6Fd!39',1++/";%&90I+219^s78%&/(
0 P - X6 .:0 j)32h32iF6<31Ci#) . 8"%E$1+2;9(+2%&90(Fcq?.7<(+2%&'(151+2;9(+4939/ #+1Cjh1i.4ji1h.4h6ji.45h1i6j#4
i6jh.4Ai1h6j#F*6%&',<39<+219^ /B.9',%P - XW',7<8iy+2;~%& 3%& &%&/(4 9+=/B.9', - ',1++/";W/:
+&1@91 . i?1sE$%&1/;>;%: \C%3;/ . <%&;9)&#E; 0 )j 32h 3545454J32F 6F
g)cfe N?:< a eJc'a =% a c ^#">",c^ c'aheAg a % a c ^#" cfe e?)c'a «[89{\ ;9',+2%E
39I1011+2%37 N?3# /+21&#/=*+&@1M1@H39IE$%&1/;[;%%&/?1}E$%&1/; E$%//+2%&909F d!39
;%vu'(w-u39(+ &%!%&>+/K6%&9039 @R1',C3#2/%&!91(4$%&>019(+21 4$<"{\(+C1@eh.4$/ 3#C1sE$%&1/;
7 #""$%&90@L+7 ©;%[+&/E$%//+2%&90u1@ 6;a9013a%&*91?"%E$1FZq//1; 4W\[E(0%&E.-
"$#+%%%&90 39J%&;9 0 j)32h3545454J36/6J1@39W;%Aª%&//(H\C39/W%§(H#+W"{\(+21@h.FeqI"$#+%&'(&#+4
\ "$#+%% 39I%&;9W1@BM%&/s/(AC=23DC?)354545423DC3EI'23[3# 39I/(=%§(GF C=F 3F C?#F 354545423F C3EF#+
F Kf(B
%&B.9146;9',+1%&90<"{\(+2)1@eh.FTd!3%&H%&HB.%K#1)/ 39J@L&{\C%&909b HABHAB?I = 45454JHU=.H?KEJ<E$%&#+-
+("+/#%1A @ /Fps{K6%&90~@L+7(@L /}+2%03(4@L1+ 1'2> 3 H?L . j#4H\s',+#/ ~;%&/%&',</(M C4NO
j 32h 3545454J36/6I'23 3#MF C4N.F . h L ¬f3.(Q4 P*+("+/W39<.7=E(+W1@TE$%W%&
0 ) HABHAB?I = 45454JHU=.H?K=B.1/

j#F)G39903*39 @R1',1 @ 7 -*E 1%09;s#+E$%/+2#+2%&- /I398/( 0 C4N[645%C%&!',K1%/u1%0
397D%&*.7<(+2%&'(11+2;9(+4% F 1F4j O;C=53545454A36/ O C3E1F
d ',7<"$(/u39u',//+2',%}1@N?#4c\>78/81%0}:7 #""$%&90?@L+7 1'23©/(:C4N)/ :/(81@
E$%//+2%&90(F S!'(1&C3#>@L1+>1'23a/( 4 F C4N.F . h L @L1+*/7< F d!39 1011+2%37 N?y4!39 4C7 #"$
C4Nr:
L
39s7<I1@ C4NJ/39s/( 0 Ik 3Jj 6 1@JE$%//+2%&90<%&~9,NO/#NO9 @R13% Fd!3%& 7 #""$%&90 N?}
C4NNH 0 Ik 3Jj 6 L '(1Eu1+2;9(+;#+E$%/+2#+2%&-14E$9%<%&8',K1%</[7 #^1?%%&',+1%&9094e% F 1F4e/[7 #"
&#+01(+!K#1&9;>@R1',!1 @ /I&#+01(+!K#1&9;>E$%//+2%&90(Fcd!3%&)',7<"$(/)9+C;9 5%%u1@39=1011+2%37
N? 0 ) 7
j 32h 3545454)36/6LH 0 Ik 3Jj 6 F<UC1/ 3#<N?8\C%&&7 #"~;%vz(+ %&;9W14 @ Z/?E$%//+2%&901@H;%vz(+2%&90
9013 \C39 /%&=918s"{\(+81@Ch.F:UC1/>1&/s3#%4 @ /%& 6;; 439}9>/B.9',I"+6;',=9

9/"$9(4% F 1F4 . k@L1+!39=/(4 C3E1F
, ^ Kf(8 ',%&.9I9+ "+(K6%J,917<"$ %&[\C3%&'23[\ 1E1%&9;~@L+7_39I;% 39I/,N
.B 9',C1@f+1;%&90 - .:0 j(kI32l3jlF6F)S!'(1&$3#T39W1011+2%37 l=7 #""; 3%&T/B.9', - / +&
1@*1 . is1sE$%&1/;*;%:x\C%3?<%&;9(Feq*39=',//+2',%*1@N?#439=%&;9 0 j)32h32i3 32l32F6u1@
#+"$#+%%9;:%&/>/( C=J1 ; C?8'23:3#GF C=F . h ? . *1; F C?F . h = . h.F q:"$#+%&'(&#+4
C= . 0 )j 32h 32i 3 I6 1; C? . 0 l 32F 6Fd!39>1011+2%37 N?u%&=39;9 59;}E.-~39>@L&{\C%&90s7 #""$%&909F
N?W 0 )
j 32h 32i 3 I6 H 0 k1k6¦ 3 k9j#¦ 3 j(k6¦ 3 j1j#¦ 64$1O
; N? 0 l 32F 6 H 0 k6¦ 3 j#¦ 6F
¤C',1C
4 N?P 1=X . N?1P iX . j(k6¦ F q~',/B.9',1439 E$%J,6/+21',/1% + M-6%&;J1 9/"$9J - .
0 j(I
k 32l 3jFl 6<39 E$%//+2%&9%
0 P - X . N?1P l=yP - X/X . j(k6¦ F
« )@L+B.9-=17<)%&83%&"$#"(+c3#c39);%HZ31A 5%/H.7=E(+c1@5%&;9(Fd!3%&17<"%
[
%&7<"$&% $c9+"+.1@R%& 39W9,6H/',% FeUC1/14939{\(K1(+493#9+H1011+2%37 ª7 - E/;IB.1&-
\&5@L1+!<;%WD\C%3>1*%& 5%/C.7=E(+H1@c%&;9(46% F 1F4/9+2',J1@+21;97 9\C3%&'23u-6%&;1-u9
1@T1 %& 5%/ .7=E(+1@eK#1&9(Fd!39="+1"/;s,u'(%W%&7<"$7<#%s1# @ \C3%&'23s\80%K1%&s39
9,6C9E$/',%*%&)1&/<$,9%E$W%&>3%&!//1F
+c
!9O (0s .O (0 0O
U
d!39?901(+I39?/B.9', - %&(4T39s7<1+?,u'(% %&?PR1ud!39(1+7 h \C%&&H90101/YX2F¤C',s39

#""+1'231@',//+2',%&90 l=*E.-,6"$&%&'(%-&%&/%&901&W"%E$:1+2;9(+2%&90> 0 P - X61?#E{K1%&
%&7<"+21',%&'(1$%& =+1vNO\1+2&;I/(/%&909FAd!3%&T%&eE'(1/146%@\/=/B.9',W90 9903I@L1+/8-6%&;
9/"$9J,u'(%-1439 &%&/W1@1+2;9(+2%&90J%&J&%^1-s/*E</.s909F<qr@r4f@L1+ ,917<"$14f39(+ #+ - h#k
+1;%&90)%&u39 /( - 4939 .7=E(+H1@7<!%&u39 &%&/H%&*B.9/%*7 -uEJ1!&#+01J1Ch#k )4\C3%&'23

%&H01+#/(+31sh 4 ~j(k = F
qu="+21',%&'(15%&7<"$7<#% 439(+(@L1+146\W78/',7<"$9/
l={P - Xe\C%399e+(@L(+',/=#E$1F
W9T\H- /W1'23%(K1H3%&%&1@L&{\C(F«[,917 %&9T39T+1;%&90%& - %&=/B.9%&11+2;9(+4#% F 1F4%& //("<%
\T,917 %&9 - g oOb
F Kf( N/P - X ;991/T39T+219^W/( 39T/+2'(#/;=/B.9', 02- g o 3 - g jYo 3545454U3 - g $7o 64

1;a( FFJN/P - g oRX*;991/[39 +219^1@ - g o=%&3%&>/+2'(#/;a/B.9',1F j mh&1)& % F 1F40%K1
^69{\C;901s1 @ N/P - X24CE$9I91u1%
@ FFJN/P - g oRX ©39:K#1&9 FFN/P - g oRX \C%&&)E?B.1C/1-1@ 39
7<8%& N/P - XJ\C%3[B.1T"+1E$#E$%&&%w-1F>¤C',14 %m ) x&1)&L4e\u7 -~+(0#+29 ; FFJN/P - g oRX=1=39
+C1@T+&&%&90I1[E$%&1/;:;% NT\C39/8@R1', ',%&/1@T39/( NP - X2F=d!3%&7<13#( N%&W

;% \C%3
3 $ j @R1',(41&f1@c\C3%&'23s#+=B.1&->&%^1-1FHUC1/14 39{\(K1(+453# Ne7 -?3K178%"$
@R1',!\C%3>39=17<=&#E 491 N/P - X)7 -*',1%&*+("#(F
, ^
69""/3# - .:0 jl3j(kI32l3jl32lF6FKf(!)',%&;9(+)39 ;%A #Fed!39W+219^>/( P - X .

i 2h j 2i j Fd!398+219^?/( 1P - X . 0 FF 1P lX>35FF 1PjlX>35FF 1P lX6 . 0 j)32h3jJ6F8d!3%&C7<13#
0 3 3 )3 3 J6
mh&1)&L4A39u;% "!
31=39+(I@R1', 17<-[39/u%&~39u/( 0 j)32h3jJ6F d!39 %mh&1)&e"+1E$#E$%&&%w-:1@
#
1E1%&%&90Wj3%&c;%H%&Ah +#i.4\C3%&T3#A1@$1E1%&%&90WJh%&Hj?+#i.F6%&',FF 1P - g i{oRX . FF P lX . j#4
Nm ) x&1)&L4539 1',1f+&1E1%&9;*
J%&)?j#F
l
q1<1011+2%37 / ',7<"$9/Sl={P - X24.% F 1F439H+&K#1&9 139H@R& 4#E$%&1/;;%4841\!',7<"$9/
39<+1@T39 %&;%K6%&;1+&&A=53J,?)3545454A3J G 1; ',7=E$%&9397 '(78&#%K1-s%&/**%&90;%
+& F (1%&&*39{\/<1'23%(K1J3%&(4.\C%3u1'(',7<"$1-6%&90<"$/;9#Nw',6;9146#+JK#1%&&#E$W%&>GC"";%vF
7<"$9%&9L 0 N?W%&?1*,u'(%C7 19(+!%&!/7<(\C3#C7<1+ //+21%03/@L1+\H#+2; / F (1%&&!1;*"$/;9#Nw',6;9
#+14$#01%& 4$K#1%&&#E$J%&*GC"";%v F
x=<=
eT !
e h

q}3%&8/',% 4c\>"+{K6%&;9I111-6%& 1@!39u,u'(%',-~1@)9+<1011+2%3714e1;}39}0%K1*/7<

'(K1#W#E9!%)"+1"(+!/1F
cw . ff10 w* &0 2.

S!'(1&(5%%~j '23#+21',/(+2%§%&90I1"%&71&%w->%&? @R1%+!E$%),6/+21',/1+F!Gx@R1%+!E$%),6/+21',/1+z* %&!1%&;

/*E1"%&7 1A%@#* 9/"$9 *7 y9%&7 1,6"',/;~.7=E(+W1@E$%W{K1(+=1&A/B.9',J1@ $+1;%&90(F
ps1+[@L1+27 1&-14N* %&u1"%&7 1W%@ @L1+s1- $ 1;as41;a1&,6/+21',/1+2 *qPL4WCQSRUT,V$g WX Y[Z>\[P - XOoDs
QSRUT,V5g WX Y[Z \ t P - XOoOFT«[=#+ #E$J/<"+{K1 3# %&H1"%&7 1 %&u3%&)//1FTd!3%&@R1',!%&)/#/;s%&u9+
C
7 1%&>39(1+7*4$d!39(1+7 j#4\C3%&'23*\J"+{K18%&*GC"";%vIG=F
< ^gJ^

i c'a < ^gJ^
w
)o )& wFn >m !
n )oM &<$ '& ( )&5u
c,+ [@ &0120

0 0:
U !9O ª
d!39(1+7 j/#/W3#z ;9.W1W\&1W"%E$=%&:1'(',7<"$&%&3%&90 391/^s1@e,6/+21',%&90>/+1".-
@L+7D ;% sFe«[8'(1s39{\ª3#!9+C1011+2%37D%&H1"%&7 1f%&*19139(+//1e39=.7=E(+!1@9/"$9
E$%e%A-6%&;A%&e1/-67<"/1%&')/ 39W6319/+1".-<1@539C%&9"$9A/9+2',1Fed ,6"$&1%&3%&A91% @R&-14
\=31&5+B.%+ /7<J"+&%&7 %&#+2%(F
7 ' 'i J^ c c'a )c^

W9+W1011+2%37 Z019(+21&%§(WK1 UC7 1 ¦ /'23%&B.98/?%&78&#%C%&K1K6%&90I+1vNOK#1&9;:"+1E9N
#E$%&&%w-:;%&//+2%E$9%(F=qr %&J\&c^69{\C 439{\(K1(+4c3# (K1~@L1+=%&78&#%W%&K1K6%&90>E$%&1/;[',%&(4
39(+I#+I1011+2%37 7<1+ ,u'(%=31[K1UC7 1 ¦ Ig h6j,oOF?W9+ 1011+2%37 %& 17<90s39/ %& !
@R1',(4$1!\ 3K1 /)"+{K1 4$%)%&H1"%&7 1&-I,u'(%(FH%&;9(+)E$%&1/;*',%&*-6%&;%&90¤ª\C%3>"+1E9N
#E$%&&%w-?i *1;:dª\C%3?"+1E$#E$%&&%w- j 9Fqr@e\ 5%":'23:u',%&s@L9+%&7<(459+"+1"/;?,6/+21',%
1011+2%37Z\C%&&-6%&;:j1l +.jh1m . )j 4 h1n8E$%T1@9/"$9>K1(+2#0114$\C3%&!K1*UC7 1 ¦ /'23%&B.9\C%&&
-6%&;-<Ik 4 |#lJE$%(Fcd!3%&e%&AE'(1/!K1IUC7 1 ¦ e/'23%&B.9C;9.e917 #^1/)1@f1&%&9@L1+27 #%
K#1%&&#E$>%&}39*%&78&#% F:qr@!39>E$%&1/;',%&-6%&;8d!d!¤¤=4@L1+<%&/1',14eK1©UC7 1 ¦ 8/'236N
%&B.9\C%&&"+6;',<9*9/"$9(4f(K1~39903[39 ',%& 5%"[/B.9',I7 - E+(0#+2;9;~1 ',1%&%&90
%&9@L1+27 #% F
qr%&!"%E$W/>'23#+21',/(+2%§(839=@R&f17<C1@A+21;97 9C%&39(+!%&s +21;97t/9+2',1F!d!39
7</C',7 7<?7<19+=%&H^69{\C?1!3986319>/+1".-~g h1645h|{oO41;?%&!;9 59;*1)@L&{\C(F
]_^F`badcfeJcgha
> H $ 1 "!$#
%mh& F$ F$ o '& $x{ )~ x& #u w w |{InL$ x& , &%
}M_$ }M |w
'& >m }M Dp $/ ' PR*Xp )(& +*-N/, .
$ = PX.10 ? PXp<y,w 1
x& @pL$ ( |~ p
PX.10 ? PX . k M! PX . |k u

d!39=6319u/+1".->/(+K1C1)1?#E$/&9/W+(@L(+',J"%&HE.-I\C3%&'23>\ 7 -u01901 39W9/"$9
,u'(%',-81@ JE$%c,6/+21',/1+Fe«[91/;<3#eK1IUC7 1 ¦ e1011+2%37 %&e91A1"%&7 1&-=,u'(%(FbKf(
a;991/C39!9/"$9e1@ ',%& \C%3<',/1E$%&141; G8;991/C39C;%&//+2%E$9%=$*5%"$c1@39
',%&
FKf( P G9XHE 39=,6"',/;:.7=E(+C1@A9/"$9!E$%!-6%&;9;*E.-*K1:UC7 1 ¦ C1011+2%37
*39 ;%&//+2%E$9% GFTd!39W@L&{\C%&90@R1',CB.1% $H39=%&9,u'(%',- 1@cK1?UC7 1 ¦ !1011+2%37*F
eEi )& 1) ,

{ $ _( lp P 9G X + / 'P 9G Xªj?+
u
d 39=1011+2%371@AK1:UC7 1?1'23%(K1W%C7 y9%&7 1 ,u'(%',->\C39s#""$&%;>/u1sE$%&1/;?',%& F

!
q*3%&)'(1/uPR17 %&90<3# $[%&)(K15X24P G9X + / 'P G9X . j?+ 9F
qu',/+21/(46\W'(1>39{\3#391011+2%37 "+//;>%& 3%&e"$#"(+T,6/+21',)9#+2-<1&1@f39
6319*/+1".-*1@A +21;97D/9+2',1F Kf(z WX Y[Z)PRLG9XHEJ39=,6"',/;s.7=E(+!1@AE$%)9/"$9!E.-E
{K1(+=%&9"$9!@L+7]L G?1; ( ,P $X!;991/<uB.1%w-s\C3%&'23:%&C"-697 %&1%& $AN F Kf(W39/-67=E
9
;
9
1
/

.
B
1 &
% w
:
- 1 / 6
- <
7
" /
1

&
% <
' &
% $
A
F
q 1

9
3 (
+
\ 1
2
+
; (
4 ;8%@T&%&7
G! ,

+
); . #
j
F [
« 39~3K1 39
@L&{\C%&9039(1+7*439J"+.1@1@c\C3%&'23*%&H0%K1?%&?GC"";%vIG=F
< ^gJ^ " )& 1) 3

_$ DpCWX Y[Z)PRLG9X / 'PRLG9Xxu
c I) TJf©2. f

f10
G39903D 9/"$9)',;%%1&-<E$%&1/;IE$%\C39>#""$&%;u',1++',-14$%)%&H%&7<"1+1/ 7 #^1
'(#+(@R/81@e398E$%C,6/+21',/1+<FWG398@L&{\C%&90I,917<"$839{\C(439(+#+/1@#Z3#W7 -
/(7t',1++',!3
$+2/)%&/"',% 46E$9)%&>@R1',C-6%&;uE$%&1/;*9/"$9(F
, ^"# 69""/) /(+T%&/(+//; %&<1E1%&%&90J %&90)E$%&1/;E$%c@L+7 ;%! 7 #^1/)1@

39 @L&{\C%&90 1011+2%37*FHd#^1=+1;%&90 - gvjYo 3 - g h{o 3545454f@L+7t%& I/B.9', - %&!1E1%&9;?'23
3# P - XH',%&/)1@A#C1/)9 E$%(Fed!39>9/"$9 P - X)1;*31(F
.7<(\C3#W9+"+2%&%&90-1463%&C1011+2%37t-6%&;!E$%&1/;?9/"$9(FKf(W9""/ 3#W %&!+1&-?
',%& 41;<31Aw\=%&;9A.7=E(+;>j!1; h.Fcqre%&c1/-/ /(!3#A39C;9',+2%E;81011+2%37x\C%&&631c

1-?/B.9',=1@c39=@L1+27 0 )j 3)j 3)j 3545454)3)j 32Fh 6 1;?9/"$9C k6¦41;s31!s1-?/B.9',=1@A39 @L1+27
0
h 32h 32h 3545454)32h 3Jj 6W1;9/"$9A j#¦Fed!39)1011+2%37 \C%&&.91e31c<1-8139(+T/B.9',1Fcq8"$#+%&'(&#+4
9?9/"$9J\C%&&E<-6%&;9;[~/B.9', 1@H39 @L1+27 0 )j 3)j 3)j 35454546I1+ 0 h 32h 32h 35454546FIqr@) Pj{X . 1;

P hX . j $49%H%&1/-u/</(J3#H39W"+1E$#E$%&&%w-<3#H39J;9',+2%E;u1011+2%37 9/"$939WE$% k6¦
%&%
4\C3%&39 "+1E$#E$%&&%w- 1@c j#¦9/"$9!%&Jj Fe¤C',=3%&)/J1 @ x-6%&; $1) 9/"$9(F
q 1 +2;9(+ /?9+3# 39<9/"$9J1@39<,6/+21',/1+%M%&JE$%&1/; 4 39I/(+ 39&;:"+{K6%&;9L

\C%3* / B.9', - 1@6;?9013>1+C1@c9013?%&;9(";91@c39J"+1"(+%H1@c+1;%&90)%& - F
& | T ! (' ef> T

qI3%&/',%I\J;9',+2%EC1u%&7<"$7<#%I1@f1011+2%37 461;u,6"(+2%&7<1+',',(+2%&90
39 ,z',%K19!1@c39 1011+2%37D%&>"+21',%&',1F
QT/;9#Nw',6;9@L1+ 1011+2%37 %&0%K1[%& GC"";%v F «[ 7 1;9<>//+21%03/@L1+\H#+2; /+21&#%
1@ 3%&e"$/;9#Nw',6;9C/=39J©"+101+217 7 %&90 &190#01149%&90J39JVWU'p:%"$)Qe+'(%&%IGC+2%37<(%&'
K%E+2#+-*T;%% h.F k6F h[*P )9ujn1n1X = @L1+J'(1&'(&#%&90I@R1',/1+2%&1&W1;:39;9(";9"$/;9#Nw',6;9=K##+2%vN
#E$2
/ 4 +!4$1 ; ,<FHd!39 "$9+"/W1@A%&7<"$7<%&9039=',6;98%&)/u%&K1/%0#/=\C39(39(+C39=1011+2%37
- ¶kÀ{ÀÚh¾¾ .Ì /0/213131Ç Ù Á Ù Ç ¼e½ 45/¼e½76IÀq½8/ Ù ¾ .Ç Úh¾Ê(Ë¾¼¼-»I¾sºe¿ Ø:9%;%<>=@? Á¼-ÅI½Ä{À/º Ø 6A6I¼hÄ{Å4Ê(À Ø ¾sº¾¿ ¼ Ø Ç
|
%&1H,z',%K1 %&I"+21',%&',J139W39(1+7 )90101/H3#)%H39&; E1Fcqu"$#+%&'(&#+4\W\C%&3I/^69{\
398/"(;?1@e3981011+2%37t%&?"+21',%&',141;?\8\C%&3*/u^69{\x39{\x7 1-*9/"$9CE$%!#+8019(+2#/;
@L+7 *0%K1}.7=E(+ 1@!%&9"$9WE$%J1@H^69{\C~E$%&1(Fud!39 %&7 %&90*,6"(+2%&7<J\(+I',;',/;~
&%03-Nw1;9;s63 '/+2yN2jJ',7<"$9/(+C+2%&90=39.&#+2%&!h.F 1"(+2#%&90 /-6//7*F
«[I+21[,6"(+2%&7<W}/-639(%&'<%&9"$9J;#*\C%3['(#+(@R&-:',/+&;~E$%&1(F ¥91+=39/ ,6"(+2%vN
7<(4 39<%&9"$9%&W91W/+2-?+21;97*4 /*9%39(+J%&399/"$9(F UC(K1(+39(4f\E&%(K183#J39
',7<"$9#%1T"(+@L1+27 1', 1@!1011+2%37 }39>/-639(%&'I%&9"$9 ',//+2',/;}\C%3}s"$#+%&'(&#+
E$%&1)%&)+("+/#%K1 1@c\C3#)\&;>EJ1E$/(+K1;*?/+2-I+21;97%&9"$9)3K6%&90 <%&7 %&&#+HE$%&1(F
G %&9"$9# & ,%&A # NOE$%e%&/(01(+4\C39(+ # %&AJ"$#+217<(/(+T1@39),6"(+2%&7<(Fc«[C/;<K#1&9A1@
# @L+7 h/=1i.FA«[!',//+2',A1'23 /-639(%&')%&9"$9+1;%&909)E$%c#eW%&7<141\C%3839!17<!/"'(% $;
E$%&1)#""$&%;>%&;9(";9-</<1'23?E$%(FeT1'23*E$%)%&H019(+2#/;s%&909 '(1&/ 398&%E+2#+- E$%&N

%&?@R',% 4\C3%&'23?%&C1:%&7<"+{K1;:&%&9#+C',901+29%&1"$/;9#NO+21;97019(+2#/1+IPR78'23

E(//(+31 C1; 41\C3%&'23I#+!^69{\C /="+6;',C3%03-8',1++&#/;IE$%YX2F
+(9+2J?%@L1+27 -Nw;%&//+2%E$9/;si1h{NOE$%=%&/(01(+F «[ 019(+2#/u*E$%J3#=%&<j<\C%3 "+1E$#E$%&&%w- }E.-

/(%&90<\C39(39(+ ?%&H§((+9Fd!39JK#1&9)1 @ /;*%&>39 ,6"(+2%&7<!#+ j #h.4j 94
j #m.4)1;j .j.FG $ (xw %& ~/B.9',*1 @ ;I+1;%&900%K11 1%&9"$98/~9s%&K16'(#%©1@W39
@R',%S l=C1O ; N?yFe«[=,6"(+2%&7</;>\C%3>K#1&9)1C @ ;C+2190%&90<@L+7th/sj(k1k1k6FHG*,6"(+2%&7<1
'&1)o $+2/H019(+2#/1?%&9"$9E$#'23?1'(',1+2;%&90</ "$#+217<(/(+2 # 4 ;{41; 41;>39*,6'(9/ l=C1;
N?) 3#TE$#'23 FeT1'23 ,6"(+2%&7<e+2)j(k1k=/+2%&1&A@L1+T1'23u/(/%&90=1@39C"$#+217<(/(+/+2%"$ 0 # 3>;A3 6F
d!39 $+2/J,6"(+2%&7<J,6"$1+=39{\ ,z',%K1u39I1011+2%37 %&J%&[,6/+21',%&90s1&A39 +21;97 9

"! #$! %
K#1%&&#E$%&s39%&9"$9(F Kf( $B ;991/39<K1(+2#01I.7=E(+1@e9/"$9E$%C\C39:39%&9"$931 #
E$%!"(++1;%&909 4 ;J+1;%&90!"(+E$#'23 4 1;s1'23[%&9"$9)E$%%&=j=\C%3s"+1E$#E$%&&%w- FCd!39.7=E(+C1@
E$%C1@e+21;97 9CK#1%&&#E$%&s1 %&9"$9!E$#'23 %&C0%K1:E.-?39 6319?/+1".-PL+'(1& 5%%
hX2F>q["$#+%&'(&#+439 "+1E$#E$%&&%w- ;9(/(+27 %&9J39 /+1".-["(+ E$%(4 '& % F>¥91+839 ///;}K#1&9 1@
. ?j +#h 3?j + 3?j +#m 31;<?j +.j.4139T',1++/";%&90E$% /+1"$%f#+T#""+9%&7 #/-j#4#k6F m6j#41k6F )l 9411; k6F )i
+/"',%K1-1FAd!39.7=E(+e1@ E$%e1@+21;97 9T%& 1u%&9"$9A+1;%&90=%& (& % # 461; 3.e39.7=E(+
1@E$%1@+21;97 9J%& 1~%&9"$9CE$#'23}%& & % # ;{Fq[',/B.9',14f\I;9 598393 *)
)&@n)o
,+ "! #$! % ,& %
9( h( e1@39H1011+2%37ª/WE/ $B +6P # S; ( 2
X c
F !
d 9
3 (
1

+
7 !
h /

&
&

3 # c
9
3 H
9
1
2
+ 7 1 &
% (
§ ; ,u'(%',-
.-
#""+1'239j!1#; H FA¥c%09+=jC%&&&//+2#/c39/"(; #T\C3%&'23<3%&e',K1(+01',W6'('(9+2e%&<"+21',%&',1F
d!39 01+2#"$3?39{\C!39+(=@R17 %&&%H1@A'(9+K1(FHd!39=/&%&;*'(9+K1C@L1+ # . hE$%)"(+C+1;%&90 39{\ K1(+-
+2#"$%&;I%&',+1/C/3%03 ,u'(%',-1Fed!39;91//;>'(9+K1T@L1+ # . j1jCE$%e"(++1;%&90 +B.%+C&#+01(+E$#'23
0/
%§(T/+1'23u,u'(%'(%H#E{K1 |#l uFe«39I39W%&9"$9T31H1i=E$%T"(+T+1;%&9094.39,u'(%',- %&T(K1
{\(+F>«[>1&/s/(I@L+7 3%&J01+2#"$3~3#=39u91+27 1&%§(;[,u'(%',- 1@!1011+2%37 D%&7<"+{K1 \C%3
%&',+1%&90- E$%&1/;?%&9"$9(F
q=39"+.1@61@$d!39(1+7xh.4%%&39{\C=3#39H.7=E(+1@99/"$9E$%f1@$G011+2%3 7 #""+1'239
1& # ; # 10 ? ; h.4\C39(+W39 $+2/)/(+27D%&H39 K#1%&&#E$ %&9"$9/+1".-~PLE$%H"(+)+1;%&90 ©+1;%&90
"(+uE$#'23 /+1".-"(+uE$%YX2F ¥91+*"+21',%&'(1"$9+"/(4)\['(1#""+9%&7 #/ 3%&I,6"+%E.-
1&
;9+1""$%&90?39*',/1</(+27¨1;@R1',/1+2%&90 /[1E1%& # P7; 10 ? ;(X2Fd!3%&=,6"+%39{\C<
&%&9#+H;9(";9',C # 4939W.7=E(+1@E$%T"(+H+1;%&909461;>1>1&7</H&%&9#+H;9(";9',CD ;{4639
.7=E(+T1@f+1;%&90e"(+TE$#'23~PL\C%3I810#+2%37 %&'!{\(+/NO1+2;9(+/(+27uX2FTd!3%&A1E$/(+K##%u%&', $+27<;
E.-W39T/',; ,6"(+2%&7<(4#/(=%&J¥c%09+h.4#\C3%&'23J39{\Cf39TK1(+2#01).7=E(+f1@69/"$9fE$% "+6;',;
E.-I1'23?'(1&5/L 49E13u@L1+)E$%&1/;>%&9"$9PR/&%&;>'(9+K1(¬ . ?j +#hX1;uE$%&1/;>%&9"$9WPR;91//;?'(9+K1(¬
. ?j + .X2FTUC1%&',W3#H=3%039(+H.7=E(+T1@ E$%e"(++1;%&90uPL1F 09F4 # . 1iXe%&1/6'(%&#/;I\C%3I83%039(+
.7=E(+H1@9/"$9HE$%"(+)%&9"$9TE$#'23 Fe«[ /( 39(+W3#!%&',+1%&90 # @L+7l8/I1i*PR8@R1',/1+!1@HjhX
-I%&',+1/H39 .7=E(+H1@9/"$9HE$%E.-u@R1',/1+!1@#E9Jj#F .4$', $+27 %&90=39J+1@39 $+2/
,6"(+2%&7<WP x%&T,u'(%H@L1+)&#+01W.7=E(+2T1@fE$%T"(++1;%&90.X2FeG,6"',/; 46\J1&//(3#
39J.7=E(+H1@9/"$9HE$%H;9',+1/)@L1+HE$%&1/;>%&9"$9WPL39 ;91//;*&%&9H%&I3%&01+2#"$35X249E'(1/W1'23
E$%&1/;*%&9"$9HE$%)',1%&CH/+1".-1F
m
1 k=2 bits per reading
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p=1/16
.............
.. .. p=1/8
....... .................. ................
0.8 .....
. . . . . . bits per reading .................
. ... . . .
k=11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p=1/4
. . ... . ... . . . ...........
.... ... ....... ...............
.. .. . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . ............
.. ...
. ..
.. .... .... ........ p=1/2
... .......
... ...
. ... . . ......
0.6 ..
. .. . .
.. . ... ....
.. ...
normalized .. ... ..... . ...
.. . .
efficiency .. .. . .. .
. . . ...
...... ... .... p=1/16
0.4 ... .. ..
... .. .
.. . .
.
.......
........ k=63 bits per reading p=1/8
.
0.2 ........
...... p=1/4
.
....
. p=1/2
..
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Input Readings per Batch (b)

¥c%09+ j#TUC1+27 1&%§(;?Au'(%',-u1C ¥',%*1@"H#'23[6%§(1F
10000
..
p=1/2 solid ..
8000 . ..
. ..
p=1/4 dotted ..
... ...
..
.
.. ...
. ... . ...
... ...
6000 . . .. . . ...
.. ..
output k=63 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
bits .. .k=11
..
... ...
. . ... .....
4000 .. .. .
.....
..
... .... .....
. . . . .. . . . . k=5 . . . .....
.. ... ... .
...... .....
. .. .. . . . .....
. . . . . . . .....
2000 . . .. . . .....
...
. . .. . . .....
. . . .. .. . .
. . . . ..... .............
.. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . k=2
. . ... .......... . . . . . . . . . . . ............
.. ... .........
. .. .. .. . . . . . . ............
............
.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000

%!Qe+6;',;>"(+)q9"$9!H#'23 F
¥c%09+=h.TGCK1(+2#01<W9/"$9 H
d!39?3%+2;©,6"(+2%&7<I7<19+ 39:/"(;1@J39s1011+2%37*Fa¥c%09+:i~39{\CI39s.7=E(+I1@
9/"$9JE$%W"(+=/',; 41 *@R',% 1@H39<E$%J"(+J+1;%&90941;[1@H39<E$%&1(F d!39 ;9(("}91'239
1;u139(+)%++(0&#+2%%T%&I39 $09+W#+W'(1/;>E.- "+(7<"%T1@f9+H,6"(+2%&7<1$"+6',(4.\C3%&'23
\H1 +2%&90*%& 39IE$1'^.01+;[}?%&7<3#+;~7 1'23%&91Fu¥91+89+8%&7<"$7<#% +2%&90>}
6
'/+2yN2jW',7<"$9/(+41;!%&',+1/H@L+7h=/?j(k1k1k6439JK1(+2#01 %&7<W/+2I39J1011+2%37 >9
E$#'23>1@%&9"$9%&',+1/@L+7Mh87 %&&&%&/',;A/ i#k1k<7 %&&&%&/',;(41+,$',%&90839JB.1;9+2#%&'C{K1(+2391;
1@!78%"$"+'(%&%~#+2%37<(%&'<}&#+01u.7=E(+2(F>G< ;%&',+1/(439I+2#/u1@H9/"$9=019(+2#%
$+2/<%&',+1/<E'(1/*39?.7=E(+<1@9/"$9<E$%1 @ 01+{\C &%&9#+2-~\C%3 ;{439;9',+1/I1
n
200000 k=63
k=11 p=1/2 solid
175000 p=1/4 dotted
k=5
150000
125000
100000 k=2
bits/sec
75000
. . . . . . . . . .... ...... . . . k=63 . . . ...
.
...
50000 . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .............. . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. . .
. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . ...
. . k=11
. .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. . . .
. . . .. . . . ...
. ... . . . . . .... . ...
. ... .. . . k=5 ... . ....
...
25000 . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ..... ...
. .. . . . . . . . .. . . ... .... ...
.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. k=2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........
. . . ..
.. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. ...
......... . . ... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . .
0 . .... .. . . . . . . .... . . .
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1000
¥c%09+=i.TGCK1(+2#01<W9/"$9!H%!Q(+J.',; F
39 B.1;9+2#%&'YNO%&7<J{K1(+2391;?1@c&#+01z;C#^1C39&; FTK1(+21& 4@RK11+2#E$ "(+@L1+27 1',W+(0%>@L1+!3%&

%&7<"$7<#%~1@C1011+2%371t31<l 5j(k:E$% "(+8%&9"$9 +1;%&9094c1;sE$#'23%§(u&%03-[&#+01(+
31s398.7=E(+C1@AE$%!1@A"+'(%&%?%&s#%K18%&/(01(+J#+2%37<(%&'Js398',7<"$9/(+<PR% F 1F4;ªi)u@L1+
396 '/+2yN2j#451D
; ;a1m@L1+) #NOE$%!"+6',/1+2YX2F
C2 !
T
«[<3K18"+//;:1 1011+2%37 @L1+,6/+21',%&90>E$%&1/;?E$%!@L+7]IE$%&1/;s;%1F Z%&C"+{K1s/
EW1"%&7 1&-<,u'(%!%&u/(+27 )1@%H9/"$9H/+1".-14$1;>,6"(+2%&7<15(K6%&;9',J;97<//+2#/)3#
%&),z',%K18%&>"+21',%&',1F
G.7=E(+1@$1"8"+1E$7 f+7 1%& 4139{\(K1(+Fep:1-="$3-6%&'(1+21;97 /9+2',c#+)96Nw/#%#+-
1+\#^6-s/#%#+-14 1;s3.%&'(#"$#E$=%&?019(+211@e"+6;'(%&90</+2->+21;97DE$%%@c39%+W;%&//+2%vN
E$9%8#+*9^69{\C FH139>/'23%&B.98"+//;©39(+uE>#""$&%;}/ ,6/+21', +21;97Nw.1^6%&90
E$%)@L+7t'23s/9+2', ¤C"@R %&?1'23%(K6%&90 3%&!1%&7D7 %03!E 39=1011+2%37D1@T613 1; £ #§%vN
+21% g )h 1oC7<%9;#E{K11Fd!3%&/'23%&B.9*#^1I',1++&#/;',%&5%"$<1;1E1%&<E$%3#I#+
',7<"$9#%1&-u%&;9(";9H1;?E$%&1/; 49% F 1F4$%&;%&/%&90%&3#E$)@L+7/+2-I+21;97M9(F
G011+2%37 a%&e;9%09;/=\1+^8\C39<39!E$%&1A1@;%!M%&A9^69{\C F«3#T%@539!E$%&1A%&A^69{\C 4
39903 uq=3%&'(1/14%&39(+)18,6/+21',%<1011+2%37 7<1+,u'(%c311011+2%3+ 7 >d!3919391+2
',) /',9+ 3#8%&[7</='(1/(4c(K1}%@39 E$%&1W1@) %&J^69{\C , 4 D%&J1"%&7 1&-s,u'(%(FuGM%&7<"$
"+.1@1@3%&H@R1',7 %03)EJ;%@L-6%&909F
a g ^#" h Îahe 'd!39e19391+2f\C%&3/C319^H9+ 1&%&/^6%y@L1+3%&f39"@Ry',7 7<=;9+2#@L 1@

3%&T"$#"(+4.1;I@L1+H"+1"%&90=8%&7<"$&% 5'(#%</839"$/;9#Nw',6;9W%&7<"$7<#% 1@f9+)1011+2%37*F
«[u1&/*\C%&3 /?319^ W1%& H%&'239E$1'239(+ @L1+="+1"%&90>?%&7<"$&% 5'(#%:1;[,6/%[1@H39
"+.1@1@cd!39(1+7th<%&>3%&H"$#"(+F
j(k
eT$
gvjYo SC1;97/9+2', @L1+I',+-."/101+2#"$3%&'*/-6//7 ( Fq j )~h( ,d&>m )o
r {I& 2(5&>m (4/8FTH317 1;}« FbKeFcQe+2%&',14AT;(F4."+2%&901(+ £ ( +2&#094e""fFA|1|#6m6j#F}QT9E$&%&39;[%&
f',9+=UC1/C%&s7<"$9/(+W6'(%',JK5F5i#k94jn1m1m.F
K
g h{o!#"$%&'(!#"$()*',+-/.10#23)*[GD%&7<"$14c9"+;%&',#E$<"$/;9#NO+21;97 019(+2#/1+F
% v j465 ){I&)o7 )nSmh{ ,98;:#4h*Pjn1m1X24 i1) 6i1m1i.F
g i{o!#"$<)*q;9(";9E$%&1/;',%&5%"$8@L+7[',1++&#/;E$%&1/;©/9+2',1? 5%/*/#/
p:#+^1{K8'231%& F.q> =?:w j |{)o % )nSm ){In ){ 1 }M< )nSmh{ x& %( h( PO6%&901(+q&1; 4

¥c1+2%&;64)h 6h1>W',(Fjn1)m .X245qTT!49""fF h1l i1i.F
g #o@AAB++CD>'+-FE+GH+JI++C(K©d!39>E$%&1/;',%&"+1E$7*F% v j4L5 ){I&)o

M 5(5& 4 w xn 7(ON#4!j:Pjn1n1X24h1n 6i1.F GM"+&%&7 %&#+-sK1(+2%~\H18%&6d 4Tjn1n1i.4A"$#01
h1l1h 6h1l|F
g l{oP$QSRUTWVYX1GH+C(Z<p:#^6%&90[:@R1%++(//>@L+7 :"%E$- E$%&1/;',%& F
v 2M )&@n 1\[ ,
#& 2(
1 x& ]?^y4 :Pjn1n#kX24cjn1i.F

g {oZ_+3VYX1!+T3#3PO'C`GH@3abT3GW.c'#+-d.Hab0Qe!!G3fHSC¥Wj{|#l#k6)SC1;97 9)+',7 7<;#%
@L1+C/'(9+2%w-14 ' jn1)n 9F
g |o 7<"$9%&90I+21;97].7=E(+2(FK%03W391;9; F w r ( <P i6j<p:-jn1n|1X24A| 9|#l.F<.(<1&/
)n
g h?h &i kj?j?j_l ;m 0

nlpokqrWlts 9F 0
g m{oZ_!Qe+3V;#u<d!39C,u'(%H',//+2',%I1@f1uE$%&1/; +21;97 /B.9',1F j
)o }M 4
w xn 7(
% 7(,v]14i?Pjn|#hX24 m11l 6m|yk6F

g n{own!-3",+CHPO'#xp",AB+!Qe+3y;y;@CHD>'#E+@G)*'#EQ'Vz+CE{'#D-#Q'ab0C3.c'|+-7.10+#",QeGHOeW
;%&',J1;>',%&(eps6;9&H1@',7<"$9#%>@L1+)+21;97M019(+2#% Fv 2M )&@n 1 } )nSmh{ 1
8!~v94h?*P )9<jn1n1iX24cjl1n 5j{| 9F
gvj(kyo>@!-#GHQ'ab0CKG 91/=:',7<"$9#%1%&;%&/%&90%&3#E$%&%w-1Fed'23 FS!("fF5d!S)Nrm1n{Nwkl6j#4fq/(+/N
#%17<"$9/(+W6'(%',Jq/%9/14(+^1(-14 HG=4)-:jn1m1n.F
gvj1jYo>@!-#GHQ'ab0CK'#GH+!>a|yI#T|{'H+-%W#2InH)*AW 39C,9%&//',C1@f"$/;91+21;97 019(+2yN
/1+2(F % v j465 ){I&)o"7 )nSmh{ ,O=;=4?P ',7=E(+jn1n1iX24cj1j1i 5j1j{|#l.F!Gª"+&%&7 %&#+-<K1(+2%
#""#+2)%&?¥ !54fjn1m1m.4$"$#01=jh 6)h 9F
gvjh{o>-##>)*t',("*@L1+?©3%036NO"(+@L1+27 1',:+21;97 .7=E(+>019(+2#/1+sE$1/;"$3-6%&'(1
)
+21;97M"$3997<6F &5{ $]!N©Pjn1m1lX24cjm| 5jn#k6F #
gvji{o+3VYX!+-nfQT/;9#NO+21;97 019(+2#/1+2I;9(+<%@L1+27 17<"%(F}q\[#& 2( , }M w
y 2%
( j
|{ )o j 4 %
)nSm ) {In w )& }M7 )nSmh{ , P H1%&7<1+14Jp:#+-6&1; 4

j 5j p:-~jn1n#kX245""fFi1n1l k9F
gvj#o@JJ-#Qe3C<'+-.1QS"(@3V; 'E$%&1/;',%&/%&90~\C%3[E$%&1/;',%& F j
)o }M
4 w xn 7( )o % 7(,vb8©Pjn1m1X24 )i j 6i11l h.F
gvjl{oxp",AB+!Qe+3y;y;@CnD>'%W #QeC%&nO'C+-%W#2In)*<QT/;9#NO+21;97]019(+2#%[@L+7]9,NO\H-
@R',%<PL,6/;9;}#E$//+21',YX2F q[#& 2( ,}Mw y & j |{)o j 4 % )nSm ){In
w )&3}M{ )nSmh{ ,~PO.#/14$«~13%&901/ 4jl 5j{|<p:-~jn1m1nX245""fF jh 6)h 9F
j1j
gvj{oxpXH@0C!6%&78&#%&908@R1%+!;%&',J\C%3>E$%&1/;?',%&(F
v 2M )&@n 1 )nSmh{ 1 8k=J^y4j Pjn1n1X24

|#m 6m1h.F
gvj{|of +T3@#2|V V @C,)*'.10GHQ #GZ<'Qe!zI#G',+-/f JV;,O~G"+21',%&'(1/'(9+u"$3-6%&'(1
+21;97D019(+2#/1+F!du#""#+W%& [#& 2( ,}M w Mw j 4 2M x&h(\ )nSmh{ x&
)n<n<{ 7( 1 %2(5{I& U_ %t:y4$UC{K17=E(+8jn1n1m.F
gvjm{o+!Q'VzT3Q G"$/;9#NO+21;97E$%019(+2#/1+E$1/;JJ&&%"%&''(9+K1(F#q j )~h(/,9d&>m )o
H[ ?^y49G=F.p}F9W;-.§(^194.T; F4."+2%&901(+ £ (+2&#0946""fF)m 5j(ki.FcQT9E$&%&39;%&LKf',9+UC1/
%&s7<"$9/(+6'(%', K5F$h11i.F
gvjn{o%W #QeC%& W9,NO\H-@R',% 1;"$/;91+21;97019(+2#/1+2(F )nL$, )& 7( Pjn1m|1X24
(4
#
i1l| 6i11i.F)Gª"+&%&7 %&#+-<K1(+2%?#""#+2)%&s6d 4fjn1m1l.4$"$#01i11i 6i11l.F
g h#kyo%W#2In)* [ x{ )& )n 7 d& >m U& >mw 7( j mmho 7( 1 YF ' %K1(+2%w-[Qe+(4
Qe+2%&',(/
UC(\ )1(+2/(-14jn1n1.F
g h6jYo)@#Xb(+Q (D>',+-/D<+0Q J+Cu<! )n *) j o )& YFH17=E+2%&;901'%K1(+2%w-~Qe+(4
wFn
jn1n1l.4$"fF$h1l.F
g h1h{oD<Q'ab0#X1G,)* ,! ) , ) 1 ) 3
r ){ 5(xw) x& )& x{I& xy |{ ~ #{ )o {xM )oo JwFo DM {I&
% 2(xw ) 5(xw %

1FQT3 39%&(4G1'239 ' %K1(+2%w-u1@cd'239101-14jn1n1h.FTq:V(+27 1 F
n<{Io
g h1i{oD.| P+X!+*.11abGHQSXbIn#x 3a3% %2 [< 3, "N;:( 4 4jn1n|F

j (5{I& _M )& )y x& |{ )o
g h)#o>.1+#X10+C )*'+-n+3ykQeGH+Q { $V9(+2#%&90B.1%vNO+21;97/B.9',@L+7ª&%03-NO+21;97

/9+2',WPL,6/;9;>#E$//+21',YX2Fq9=?:w j |{)o % )nSm ){In ){ 1 }M )nSmh{ x& %( h(

PO6%&901(+)q&1; 49¥c1+2%&;64$)h 6h1uW',(Fjn1m).X245qTT!49""fF i) k6F
g h1l{o>.10+#",QeGO=Ws398019(+2#%:1@T',+-."/101+2#"$3%&'(1&-*//+90u"$/;9#NO+21;97]/B.9',(F j 4

& ( 1 \ )nSmh{ x&% ) xn 8#4AjuPjn1m1iX24i1m 9FWGx"+&%&7 %&#+-IK1(+2%s#""#+2%&?39
my3*qH G KQ4jn1m6j#4$"$#01)l 6l1l#k6F
g h1{o>.10+3@Cn`Z<GZ7 #397 #%&'(1c39(1+-:1@',7 78%&'(#% F"!xoo % ) xn (xw
7( )o 5 ){I&)o

=b(4 :Pj)n mX24 i|#n h1i.4f1h1i 61l1.F
g h|o>.10+3@Cn`nZ<<7 78%&'(#%:39(1+-s1@T/',+',- /-6//7 (F"!xoo % ) xn (xw
7( )o 5 ){I&)o
=!14 :Pj)n nX24 1l1 9|.jl.F

g h1m{o>.|XH@#Xc$#3w('#+-+GHGHC#c%&Td+( 1011+2%37 @L1+!E$%&1/;>',%&>/%&90\C%3>E$%&1/;
',%& F j )o }M([#& F$F$o 8k=4jIPR¥9(E+2#+-[jn1m).X24h6jh 6h1h1h.F
g h1n{o%0+GH+C<D>Au'(%I%&78&#%E.-[E$%&1/;',%& F v 2M )&@n 1 [#& 2( , 1
x& :!^y4Cl

Pjn1n1lX24 )h l 6)h m.F
g i#kyo&n+3ykQeGH+Q '{$'3+-(n+3ykQeGH+Q )$)Au'(%C1;?/'(9+ "$/;9#NO+21;97D.7=E(+)019(+/N
#%PL,6/;9;~#E$//+21',YX2Fq=?:w j |{)o % )nSm ){In ){ 1 }M )nSmh{ x&%( h(

PO6%&901(+)q&1; 49¥c1+2%&;64$)h 6h1uW',(Fjn1m).X245qTT!49""fF l1m 1i.F
g i6jYo&n+3ykQeGH+Q '{$'3+-(n+3ykQeGH+Q )$)Au'(%C1;?/'(9+ "$/;9#NO+21;97D.7=E(+)019(+/N
#% F<q j )~h(,dd&>m )o H[ Yv Pjn1m1lX24TV8FS F(H&#^6(- 1; 8FcFH317*4

T;(F45."+2%&901(+ £ (+2&#094""fFfjn1i 6h#kh.F)QT9E$&%&39;u%&_Kf',9+=UC1/C%&s7<"$9/(+W6'(%',JK5Ffjn1.F
jh
g i1h{o$#@E#",+C&f £ #+2%J/'23%&B.9=/;~%&~',9',%~\C%3[+21;97 ;%0%(F q 1)o
!{I&){ }M % )& )>p j mmho 4 w %2x& Y4$K1 Fjh.Fjn1l6j#4""fF5i1 6i1m.FCUC1/CE.-:V8F !F5¥91+2/-.391F
S!("+2%&/;*%&>K1sUC7 1 ¦ &',/;*«[1+^6(4 £ F5l.4$Q(+017<sQe+=Pjn11iX)"$#01W|#1m 9|1|yk6F
,
q}3%&8#"";%v4\u"+/8"+.1@R=1@!39uw\ 39(1+7 8"+//;%&}/',%©is#E{K11F[¥c%+2/(4A%&

/',%?G=F&j#49\J0%K1 "+.1@f1@9+!7 1%&u39(1+7*4d!39(1+7_j#4$/#%&903#x%&)1>1"%&7 15@R1%+)E$%
,6/+21',/1+F<q[/',%~G=F h.4\<0%K1 *"+.1@T1@d!39(1+7 h.4/#%&90*3#=1W39 %&9"$9W9013 @L+7
/9+2',=t01+{\C(4 1/-67<"/1%&'(1&-I9/"$9)39 @R&5/+1".->1@AsF
w 0 0 ¨w x &0 2. O10?"01 01f

Ic C _ }
f(WC17<=3#$ j#4% F 1F453#

K %&Cu96NO/+2%K6%&1f/B.9',1F
- SKf(WC1&/>17<14$\C%399
1@019(+21&%w-143#H39 ;%Wt31)%&;9H&#E; j)32h32i3545454J3/[FTd!3.(46t31H@R1',(FKf(! PXTEW39

"+1E$#E$%&&%w-I3#C\C39*39=;% %&!+&; 4%C',7<9"??@R1',8&#E; F)S!'(1&f3#C\=;991/=E.-
Gs39 ;%&//+2%E$9%s $©+&&1@H39 ;%<sF%Kf(=LGP - X39(+(@L1+I;991/<39 "+1E$#E$%&&%w-*3#=
L
-6%&;)39=/B.9', - $~+&&(4% F 1F4$3#-6%&; - gvjYocs39 $+2/!+& 4 - g h{os398/',;?+& 4

('#F)E$/(+K1J3#CL GP - X . P - gvjYoRX ? P - g h{oRX ? P - g $oRX2F
7 gvjYo g h{o g $o76 $ 3

P X
]_^F`badcfeJcgha - .02- 3 - 3545454U3 - $ 5{ h( }Mzo w u >w )ood& 'M x& w
}M ,
)oo h( m x&@n<{ 1 }M - ) w m x&@n<{ 1 ) (5o }M -
pCy,w 7(xwDy >w )oo %$ - xu

qr@r4@L1+,917<"$14 -.0 j)32i3jJ6439 P - X . 0U0 j)3j)32iF63 0 j)32i3j)63 0 i3{j)3{jJ66F=E$/(+K1=3#C@L1+1-
- ?AO P -
=23 -
X24 %C%&!39'(1/=3#WLGP - =,X . L
G5P - ?{X2F!q?139(+\1+2;(4$\'(1:/#/839=@L&{\C%&90
1E$/(+K##% F
#^ eJcgha:ikj oo 5{ ,

h( xo xn ,
}M l ~ m x&@n<{ 1 ) P
(5o - X
)& 5{ )oo mh& F$
$xo 2u
d!39J@L&{\C%&90<;95%%>%&)',/+21f/ 9+!"+.1@R(F
! P X 1 )

1 %@L1+27
{K1(+P X
]_^F`badcfeJcgha b $ _$ '& ( )&>p - <$ m x&@n<{ (5o 5u _$
, ,

P X ) P X P X
- M<M )& )oom & }M$ '& E; ;>P }M 5{ )oNo wpL n >m w )n |{InL$ x& }M
4
F MOP XH P (X F OP XH P yX
5{ h( M@& )n - %; #M@& )n - L;>P7u )& #M )&@n )oo Jp z{ M )&@n )~ x& - M
F F 1
1 ) P X
02- = - 4 @4@ - = . ;26 . 02- ? - 4 @4@ - ? . ;>Pf6 u j $ '& ( )&L $
%@L1+27 & M { M )&@n )~ x& )ooIm x&@n<{ (5o - xu
'i 'i Jgg ^Fe

S '(1& 3#!9+!011%&)/ "+{K1 3# %&!1*1"%&7 1 @R1%+)E$%),6/+21',/1+Fd!39$+2/!//(":%&>9+!"+.1@
!
1E1%&)7<1+ 7 1#01#E$J91%>1@@R1%+29(Fcq>"$#+%&'(&#+4.\ 39{\a3#!8E$%,6/+21',/1+ %&@R1%+
%@A1;s-?%@A%%&C%@L1+27*F!d>;9u/945\',//+2',Wu/"'(%&1;%=@L1+\C3%&'23s39=\%03%&90I1@e39
%&;9J;9+1"$W#zK1(+-:+2#"$%&;-5W 31J39<"+1"(+w-:3# Pj{X P hX PL:X2F d!3%&W;%< !
%&;',)</("$#+2#%*1@"(+2789#%?'(&1/)E.-u"+1E$#E$%&&%w-1Fcq>"$#+%&'(&#+491!39{\C?%&_ Kf7 7 *j#4$%@
/B.9', - 1; #"
;991E90 /3917<"(+2789#%u'(&1(4.39u39C"+1E$#E$%&&%w-1@ 1E1%&%&90
- %&
$?+&&c1@ 39C;%CM78/eE)K1(+- ;%vz(+e@L+7 39!"+1E$#E$%&&%w-=1@ 1E1%&%&90 x%& $?+&&c1@ 39 $"
;%JsFed!3%&H/("$#+2#%*1@"(+2789#%*'(&1/!1%&;H%&>9+)"+.1@1, @ Kf7 7 h. F Kf7 7 h/#/!3#
%
%&:1+2;9(+ /*E@R1%+4f1[,6/+21',/1+ D78/WE<%@L1+27*F=«[ "+{K1<39 7 7 >E.-:',/+21;%&',% F«[
ji
9""/)3#
%&e91%@L1+27*41;I',/B.9-<E$%&1/; I/7<C"(+2789#%I'(&1 P - X2F/'(1/
1@e39/("$#+2#%:1@e"(+2789#%:'(&1/W%&;',;?E.-s;%8s4539 4 %%&%&7<"%E$J@L1+ /uE8@R1%+F

q*"$#+%&'(&#+4 Z%&)91C#E$=',7<"#/ @L1+%)E$%&1){K1(+ P - XH\C%3?<E$%&1){K1(+139(+C"(+2789#%
'(&1/(FAqs1+&&#+->h.49\J,6/;*39W+)%& Kf7 7 h8/ 39{\3#!E$%H,6/+21',/1+%&@R1%+!%@1;
->%@A%C%&!%@L1+27*Fd "+{K183#N %&!1?1"%&7 1f@R1%+!E$%!,6/+21',/1+4539 4$\ -*9(;?/u39{\
3#lM%&1"%&7 1A17<90>E$%W,6/+21',/1+2 3#J#+ %@L1+27*F d!3%&W%&\C3#J\<;9*%& d!39(1+7j#4 9+
7 1%&>39(1+7*F
'i ' Jgg B"d^Fe c

S!'(1&3#9+&$+2/e0115%&e/839{\3#%@ E$%e,6/+21',/1+ %&A@R1%+439u%T%&T%@L1+27*F«[E(0%&<E.-
',//+2',%&90<39K6%&-I\%03/;?;%Wt%&u\C3%&'23> Pj{X P hX PL:X2Fequ"$#+%&'(&#+4.@L1+!1&
K#1&9 4\ (C P X ?j + G49\C39(+ . _ GFPLq*139(+C\1+2;(4 PX . + Ge@L1+C/7<=91+27 1&%§%&90
@R1',/1+ 3#C7 #^1 * P X . j#F X Kf7 7 *j 1;:1+&&#+-:j 39{\ª39{\ '23?<;% ]%&;',)&#+01
;%vz(+',!%&>39J"+1E$#E$%&&%%Ts/B.9',)@L+7D;%vz(+)"(+2789#%*'(&1/(F
" , 1 ) P - X "

LGP <Xp
"
^ i vfM - )& w )n m x&@n<{ (5o LG s w
LGP - X +yLG P <X

s _Gu
Jgg - ;95%%:1@Hs4LGP - X I% G H@L1+=>"-697 %&1cP .XC1@H39<@L&{\C%&90u@L1+27* cP .X .

I = I = |=94$\C39(+ Ne%&!39=.7=E(+C1@c6'('(9++',C1@A+&%&?39=/B.9', - F
6%&7 %&&#+2-14LGP X "
I G T@L1+JI"-697 %&19P .X . ; 9; I = I = 9;2=94\C39(+ ;.NT%&C39
.7=E(+)1@c6'('(9++',)1@c+&h%&>39=/B.9', IFTUC1/=3# * N . * ;.N . $AF $"
qr?@L&{\C*3#sLGP - X y+ LG P <X . G I % G /4J\C39(+9P .X c "
P .X . P7; JX P7; I =
I =,X I =

aP7;2= | =,X9F)6%&', - 1; #+=91C%&*39=17< "(+2789#%*'(&1(49P .X. c P .X2F "
"
6%&',<LGP - Xzs LG5P X24%W@L&{\CJ3# 39 $+2/IPR% F 1F4(@L7</YXW96NO§((+?',.,u'(% 1@9P .X "c P .X
%&!"%%K11F6%&', * N . * ;.N . $A45%%&!1/-*/>/(83#C398K#1&9 1@9P,$X c P,$X)%&C7 %&%&7 %§(;>@L1+
"%%K1 $s\C39 P7; WX . j#4fP7; I = I =YX . $A4.1;[P7;2= | =,X . $ }j#FA«39I3%&%&T39W'(1/14
9P,$X c P,$XsªjJ@L1+ $ ªj#FT¤C',=LGP - X y+ LGfP <X s . _G$F "
qi 3$ " " " 3$
" * 5P " NwX"! P X
g Jg ' - $ 5{ h( }M%o w ,p Oo =53 h?)354545423 hB$ )oo 5{ h( }M%o w

@{|(xw c
w LG5P NwX"!LGP - Xxu w LG LG - xu

Jgg !6%&',= 31C @R1',(4 39.7=E(+C1@e"%E$ / B.9',1@T9013 $%&#W7</_G$FW¤C',
39.7=E(+C1@T/B.9', NT'23s3#WLGP NOX#!LG5P - C "
X %&CC31s_G$4% F 1F4 # !_G$F-EKf7 7 "
GP - X +yL
j#4$L G P NOX s_ "
G$Fed!39 ',1+&&#+-u@L&{\C(F
«[8#+ 9{\ª+1;9-u/I39{\39 @L&{\C%&909F
^ !

vfM SM &<$ '& ( )&>p w { M )&@n%u
«[C"+{K1C3%&cE.-<',/+21;%&',% FT69""/ %&eJ@R1%+eE$%A,6/+21',/1+3#%&e91T%@L1+27*Fd!39

39(+ ,9%&/!<"(+2789#%*'(&1!{K1(+C\C3%&'23 %&!91C%@L1+27*F f(C!17<14\ F F 9F 09F43#C17<90
Jgg
"(+2789#%<'(&1/ P " X{K1(+T\C3%&'23 %&A96Nw%@L1+27*4 P Xc%&A'23<3#e P " X%&A7 y9%&7 1 FcUC1/

,K
3#!E.- f7 7 ?j#4P XH%&!%&B.9- ;959; F

- LG
6%&',% %&96Nw%@L1+27D{K1(+$P X24f39(+8,9%&/E$%//+2%&90 1; f1@TB.19013 '23:3#

K -
%&@R1%+4
78/9/"$9 =1; f\C%3sB.1
- ; ;>P
7 #"$W7<1+7<1@ P XC/ J31 / LF86%&', M

"+1E$#E$%&&%w- {K1(+u/B.9',#^1©@L+7 ;%>sF f(%$Eu39*/(<1@/B.9',3##_ 7 #"$8/ {4
- D; D;>P N; ;>P
7 #"$=/ LF f( P($AX ;991/ **) + P <" X24e% F 1F4A39

K ;
1;('&ËI39>/(81@C/B.9',=3# ;>P K LG R LG
j
"+1E$#E$%&&%w- 1@c1E1%&%&90 /B.9',=%& $1+4B.%K#1-14939 "+1E$#E$%&&%w-I1@c9/"$9/%&90<E$%//+2%&90%;{F
Kf(L
GP &?XWEu;959;}%&7 %&&#+2-1F*d!39I@R1%+29 1@ <4A39 4A7<1=3#LGP($eX . LGP &?X2F -[9+

17<"%I>39W96Nw%@L1+27 %w-<1@ <439{\(K1(+4939(+J#+J7<1+W7<H@L+7 P - X%& $~31>%&
&:F
Kf(8=9{\Z+7<{K1u@L+7 E13 $1 ; &¨1&T/B.9', _'23~3#8L "
G5P X ZL GP - X2F -[39 "
7 y9%&7 1&%w-1@L
GP - Xe17<908"(+2789#%u'(&1/T{K1(+)\C3%&'23 x%&T96Nw%@L1+27*4%78/TEC39W'(1/
" $ "
@L1+W1-:'23 3# M%&%@L1+27{K1(+J398"(+2789#%:'(&1 P X2FWd!39(+(@L1+14#@L/(+W+7<{K6%&90>1&
"'23 M@L+7 $©1; &:45%!\C%&& /%&&f39&;*/+29=3#L G(P $eX . L GP &?X2F Kf(WC9{\ª+7<{K1@L+7 &_1&
7<T1@ P - X2FH6%&',!39(+C\(+7<1+C7<1@ P - Xe%&% $[31I%& &:4\'(1>1&/ +7<{K1W39
!
17<W.7=E(+T1@f7<1@ P - Xe@L+7 $T491;u/%&&$3K1J#H1/9 - PO $~'23I3# - PO P - X2F
-~E$/(+K##%©j#4L G:%&J',/1=1',+ 1&c7< 1@39 17<<"(+2789#%['(&1(4/s%J%&J/%&&
39='(1/=3#L G(P $eX . L GP &?X2Fqr!@L&{\C)3#L GP &?X sL GP - P X2F!6%&',J39=->/B.9', M9{\ "
+7 1%&%&90%& &#+J39/='23*3#CL GP <X !L "
GP - X243%&!%&) ',/+21;%&',%*1b
@ Kf7 7 h.F
«[8#+ 9{\ª+1;9-u/ "+{K1 9+C7 1%&*39(1+7*F

g Jg ' !
SM &<$ '& ( )& M |o M N{ M )&@n%u
Jgg %& %@L1+27*4 39}%=7 #"$J7<

-~;95%% 4f%@ t @L+7 1- "(+2789#%~'(&1 (K1-
17<90u1& E$%//+2%&90)1@e<0%K1:9013 F)S!'(1&1&/ 3#C@L1+1- - =23 - ? O P - X24%%&)398'(1/=3#
P - =,X . P - ?{X2F!qr@A\',7=E$%&9 39/8w\>@R1',(45\%&7 7<;%&#/-*/(=3#W%@ M%&C%@L1+27*439
%&)<@R1%+!E$%H,6/+21',/1+Fd!3%&(49%&*',)',%*\C%3_Kf7 7 h.4"+{K1!39=',1+&&#+-1F
< ^gJ^

i c'a < ^gJ^
w
)o )& wFn >m !
n )oFM &<$ '& ( )&5u
%
-~1+&&#+-:h.4>E$%W,6/+21',/1+ D%&W@R1%+ %@1; -:%@T% %&J%@L1+27*4 % F 1F4%@1; -:%@T%
Jgg
7 #"$1&7<1@Tu"(+2789#%s'(&1P X!(K1-s1',+E$%//+2%&90!1@T1-?0%K1 9013 FWd!3%&
7<1H3# %&H@R1%+HE$%,6/+21',/1+C%@1;>-I%@!P XH'(1>E"$#+%%9;>%&/</(0C DC
-
DC3E
'23*3#!@L1+C1- 49F C4NDF h @L1+C/7< 4$1; C4N
- =53 ?)3545454A3
L L
k j %&)<9,NO/#NO97 #""$%&909F
{K1(+=/B.9',W@L+739
. H 0 I3 J6
f( P P /
X W
X 9
;
9
1
/

9
3
,
6

"
,
' /

[
; .

=
7
E (
W
+ 1
T
@ $
E
%
C
9/"$9J%&90 M
"(+2789#%'(&1#P X24!1u'(1&'(&#/;{K1(+>39:;%&//+2%E$9% $FªE$/(+K1?3#u10 F C4N.F
K <WX Y[Z -
%&
39s.7=E(+<1@WE$%# 9/"$9<\C39©0%K11%&9"$9@L+7 C4NFaE$/(+K1*/.}3#I%@
- LG ? .
O P X24 - P -
39~Qe+{g - P O C4N o . F C4NDF +F P - XF F Kf( . j?+F P - XF Fuqr %&W1/- /s/(1439 4f3#%WX Y[Z P P - X/X .
* F C4N.Fr10 ? F C4N.F F

69""/W3#C /(4C4NA%&)E$%&/',/;?%&/I9(\ª/(4CSPN 1; CSNP P PR1; Z%&!7<6;% $;>#""+1"+2%&#/-I/
"+/(+K1W%@L1+27 %w-X2FbKf( WX Y[Z ;991/W39W',/B.9)'231901 %&EWX Y[Z P P - X/X2F - 39J'(1&'(&#%
#E{K114H%<%&<//+21%03/@L1+\H#+2;/~39{\3# WX Y[Z . h F C4N.FvPR10 ? F C4NDF +#hX
F C4N.Fr10 ? F C4NDF . F C4NDF F
¤C',14CE$%&/',%&90/( C4N='(1/O WX Y[Z P P - X/XI/©;9',+1/1FZW39:139(+*31; 4!(>u9""/
3# 39(+ ,9%&/ /(A C*15 ; C4N)'23[3#F CF . F C4N.F 41;[3# 39/I/(=#+ 7<(+01;PR1; t%&
7<6;% $;~#""+1"+2%&#/-X2F?q}3%&='(1/14e',K1(+2/-1 4 WX Y[Z .
F C4N.F F:d!3.(43%&87<(+0%&90?1@!B.1vN
%§(;a/(?'(1/ WX Y[Z P P - X/Xu/%&',+1/1F qr*@L&{\C>3#WX Y[Z P P - X/X*%&*7 y9%&7 %§(;\C39a9
7<(+0%&90?1@)/(=%& "%E$14f%&[139(+=\1+2;(4\C39[39I%§( 1@H39G C=53DC?)3545454A3DC3EI#+I;%&/%&',(FuG
%
9+"+1"/;E$%8,6/+21',/1+ ]"$#+%%81&T"(+2789#%'(&1/ P - X8%&/['23;%&/%&',/((# 4
7 y9%&7 %§( WX Y[Z HP P - X/X)@L1+C1&"(+2789#%?'(&1/ P - X2F
-s&%&9#+2%w-*1@e,6"',#% 4 %&', 7 y9%&7 %§(z WX Y[Z)P P - X/XC@L1+J1&f"(+2789#%:'(&1/ P - X24
39?,6"',/;.7=E(+ 1@WE$%<9/"$9 E.9 - %& 7 y9%&7 1 Fd!3%& %&</-©3#IC QSRUT,V5g WX Y[Z HP - XOoJ%&
7 y9%&7 1{K1(+W1&@R1%+!E$%H,6/+21',/1+2(Fd!39(+(@L1+l
%&)1"%&7 1 F
jl
UC1/C3#T9+e"+.1@17<T ;%!Z\C%3 5%/!.7=E(+A1@ %&;9A[FcqrT%&A"%E$/=019(+21&%§(
9+8"+.1@)/[;%&',I\C%3%& 5%/ .7=E(+81@C%&;9(4A% F 1F4A/:+21;97 /9+2',8\C%3%& 5%/ .7=E(+2=1@
"%E$9/"$9(Fe¥91+C39=#^1 1@A%&7<"$&%&'(%w-14.\ 7 %)3%&)7<1+ 019(+21 "+.1@rF
,+ Ic z @ &0120 [ &0 2.w10

9+J1%&7%&:3%&W/',%[%&/>"+{K1<3# 1W39<.7=E(+W1@T+1;%&90W%&9"$9C/O
W 01.W/?%& 5%w-14
1/-67<"/1%&'(1&-u,6/+21',!39 @R&5/+1".->1@c39 /9+2', / \C3%&'23*%!%&)#""$&%; F
' 'i Jgg ^Fe

«[0%K19+W"+.1@e%&sw\>"$#+(FJS!'(1&3#zN? #^1 1W%&9"$9!398+&1@T1 E$%&1/;:;% \C%3
/%&;91;:9/"$9WE$%&1/;?E$%//+2%&90(FqrW%&C1/-s/*/(3#A/ 'P X . 10 ? /FWqOKf7 7 *i.4\
39{\3# N?J%&H,u'(%(Feq*"$#+%&'(&#+46\ 39{\ª3#!?K1(+2#011 4 N?W,6/+21',C#C1/L10 ? / j
!
E$%T@L+7M=+&$1@f39J;% K1(+-I9#+2- 39@R&6319 /+1".-I1* @ 8FeS!'(1&9{\3#Sl=#^1
>/B.9',1@e+1;%&90<PR',%&s5%"$C%&s9+W"+.1@YX24 1;:9/"$939+&1@T>%&78&#/; 4E$%&1/;:;%
\C%53 /@R1',(F q d!39(1+7_h.4 \,z',%K1- 39{\x3#zl=J%&C,u'(%(F=d!398/+1".-s1@T39<%&9"$9
/ l=87 -~E K6%(\;}1=39I/+1".-}1/6'(%&#/;}\C%3[39u'239%&',u1@)"(+2789#%}'(&1 M"$&J39
/+1".-[1/6'(%&#/;~\C%3 39<+&c1@)1~E$%&1/;[;%G 8FId!39/+1".- 1@H39<9/"$9J1S @ l= ',%&/
1@T39</+1".-s019(+2#/;~E.-s39<;%M 8F=«[ 39{\ 3#J39/+1".- 1/6'(%&#/;[\C%5 3 M%&019(+21&-
78'23~&#+01(+J31[39</+1".-[1/6'(%&#/;[\C%3 39 '239%&',<1@ =F<q 139(+ \1+2;(4f\<"+{K1 3#J
K1(+2#0114 l=!-6%&;) ;%: \C%3? &#+01=.7=E(B "!
+ /1@c@R1', &#+01=9903?/ 3#C39 /+1".->1 @
#""+1'23939/+1".-I1@f39+21;97 /9+2',WL G$Fed101(39(+)\C%L
3 Kf7 7 i.463%&;97<//+2#/3#
9+C1011+2%371C<\C39J1/-67<"/1%&'(1&-u,6/+21',C39J@R&5/+1".->1@AL G$F
' ' Jgg

^ 7 vfM
w _{ $ 1) 1w )G/ 1
>p w N?y )L10 / xj ,
oo '& ( o ? $

)~ x& 2 M@& )n
L& )oo " }M u

Jgg <69""/>3#H6E H6E I =454546H?K*%& [E$%&#+-+("+/#%1@A/ '233#GH6E . j#F Kf(*P /eX
,6"',/;.7=E(+81@!E$%=9/"$98E.-N? 1E$%&1/;};% D\C%3 /@R1',(F qr%&=1/-}/ /(>E.-
E
;9 5%%u1 @ N?3#*P /eX . P?j + /eX * N/. = rh F
69""/ /dP . h E # = ªj#4H% F 13
4 /dP%&<'233#H2EP . H2EP I = . H2EP I ? . H2PK . j#FE$/(+K1>E.-

.
//+21%03/@L1+\H#+2;*'(1&'(&#%*%&90839 ;9 5%%I1@ Z3#*P /dP&X =P ©j#FKf(!)9""/39>3#
\H5%" J/(e1@ j#¦E$%A%&
/dP6/ k6¦E$%(Fq<"$#+%&'(&#+41(eA9""/H3#e\H5%"< /(+2%c1@ # ;%&/%&',
E$%(41;?3#!39=&1/!1@c39/=E$%)%&4 H2PN FT«[31& '(1& 39 +%&90<%&/(01(+ /dP P PLF Kf(!9{\ª"+{K1
E.-*%&;',%>3# *P /dP P P # X s *P /dP&X2FHqr@ # . k64$39 /dP P P . /dPL45/
*P /dP P P&X . *P /dP&X2FC69""/ 9{\ª3#
# k6461; 3# /dP P%&e39%&/(01(+1E1%&9; E.-,6'(9%&90=
/dP1& j#¦/ k6¦5%"$c,9',("39!5%"< H2PN F

->%&;',% 4 *P /dP P X =P j#&F ->;9 5%%I1@ u46\ /(J3#*P /dP P P&X . P /dP P *P /dP P X rh N X +6P /dP P h N X2F
-*//+21%03/@L1+\H#+2;s101(E+2<?3%&!&1/!,6"+%?',7=E$%&9;*\C%3>39=@R1',C3#*P /dP P&X P j#4\
#+8#E$ /u39{\ª3# *P /dP P P&# X s *P /dP P&X2F)d!3%&)',7<"$(/C39=%&;',%K1J"+.1@rF!6%&',J\839{\;?3#
*P /dP P P&NX s*P /dP&X241;[/#+/;[\C%
3 *P /dP&X !P aj#4%W@L&{\CW3# @L1+ 1- %&/(01(: + /4%J\C%&&E39

'(1/ 3#*P /eX =P j#FTd!3%&"+{K1!39=7 7 6F
WX Y[Z)PRL
¥91+J398"+.1@A1@e9+39(1+7*4 (l G9X)E=398,6"',/;[.7=E(+C1@eE$%C9/"$9CE.- Z{K1(+
&% 9"$9@L+7DLGu1;*(: P,$XH;991/ B.1%w-u\C3%&'23*%&H"-697 %&1%&$AFA«[=/J39 /-67=E
/I;991/ B.1&%w->1/-67<"/1%&' %&$AFAq*139(+!\1+2;(4 ;%@&%&7 G! +); . j#F ,
< ^gJ^ )& 1)
D$ )PRLG9X / 'PRLG9Xxu
DpCWX Y[Z
j
$
Jgg WE$/(+K1 3#=*"(+2789#%~'(&1 P - XJ1;[39 9/"$9<l={P - XJ#+ /101(39(+6u'(%J/
' P PRLGX/X 5/ 'P l=yPRLG9X/X s>/ 'PRLG9X2F&-Kf7 7 i.4WX Y[Z)PRLG9X .
;9(/(+27 %&9 - %&B.9-1Fc¤C',14/
/ ' P N?P l={PRLG9X/X/X#s>/ ' P l={PRLG9X/X h.FH7=E$%&%&9083%&HB.#%*\C%3>39 "+(K6%HB.#%*-6%&;
/ ' P[WX Y[Z H ' PRLG9X /
PRLG9X s>/ ' P PRLG9X/X h.F
Kf( # 39(+8+("+/39.7=E(+1@e"%E$J9',7<W1@e39;%8sFWG "(+2789#%:'(&17 -
E%&B.9-*/"'(% $;sE.-?39<.7=E(+1@#""#+21',1@T39/ # 9',7<J%& >/B.9',1@&$+&&(F
qr@L&{\CT3#AF PRL G9X F $ B 491;u39',W3#0/ 'P PRL GX/
X U?1P,$
B
X . # 10 ? $AFAQT&9010%&90=3%&%&/
39I,6"+%}@L1+ WX Y[Z)PRL G9X s / 'PRL
G9XJ#E{K1>+(K11&=3#WX Y[Z HPRL G9X
# 10 ? $ h.F[6%&',I%8%&
1E.K6%-u1&/<39='(1/ 3#WX Y[Z HPRL
G9X >/ 'PRL G9X2439 39(1+7@L&{\C(F
d!39(1+7_hu39{\C3#W39,6"',/; .7=E(+1@TE$%C9/"$9E.- Z[1-?E$%&1/; ;%8 1/-67<"9N
/1%&'(1&-*#""+1'239C39=@R& /+1".-*1@A39=;%=sF)d!39=&#+01(+39=.7=E(+ $~1@A+&&H1@e_%&9"$9H/
4939='(/(+ %&)/I#""+1'23%&90<@R&5,u'(%',-1F
j{|
T<.A C CCf
q:3%&W#"";%v45\<0%K1"$/;9#Nw',6;9@L1+J39<,u'(%W,6'(9% 1@391"%&7 1@R1%+WE$%,6/+21',/1+
M;9',+2%E;:%&s39<E6;9-*1@T39"$#"(+F=d!3%&C"$/;9#Nw',6;9<%&E+1^1[%&/>w\*"$#+(F=d!39 $+2/"$#+
%&C "$/;9#Nw',6;9=@R',%?3#,6'(9/3981011+2%37 l=(F!q?139(+W\1+2;(4$3%&!"$/;9#Nw',6;9 #^1

u"1/%&1&-*E$%&1/; /B.9', - 1;:9/"$939+&1@1 E$%&1/;:;%M 8F=d!39/',;:"$#+J%&W
"$/;9#Nw',6;9=@R',%*3#,6'(9/3981011+2%37 N?yFCd!3%&)"$/;9#Nw',6;9=#^1W1%&9"$9)39=+&f1@
1>E$%&1/;I;%A 8461;u9/"$9E$%&1/; E$%//+2%&909Fcd!3.(4./<',7<"$9/
P - Xe@L1+)=0%K1*/B.9',
-
4
\ =

&
% <
7 $
"
I
- ,
'
<
7 $
" 9
/
lN

? P l
{
= P - /
X 2
X F
w uy$ e6*e f+ =
d!398"$/;9#Nw',6;98@L1+ll=#^1 1J%&9"$9C>/B.9', - 1@T+1c.7=E(+2(41;:9/"$9Wu"$1%+<P 1<36/eX24

+("+/%&90 39*+&311E1%&9;@L+7¨1E$%&1/;;%;]\C%3 /ª@R1',(FS!'(1&H3#I%&1+2;9(+</
',7<"$9/L l={P - XC,u'(%-14\<',7<"$9/39+&&C1@T>/(+2%1@7 1& 4E$%&1/;:;%&',M=53J,?)3545454A3J G
1/6'(%&#/;u\C%3 - 491;I39>',7=E$%&9C39/W7 1&$;%&',%&/8&#+01146E$%&1/;I;% 8FeS!'(1&$/.83#
39I;%
N)31 $ j<@R1',(4c&#E; \C%3[7< 1@H39 +219^ /( NP - X2F?6%&',</7<I1@39/
@R1',J7 -:3K1 %&;9%&'(1c&#E&(45%W%&W',K1% %&s9+W"$/;9#Nw',6;98/>+("+/W39+&1E1%&9;
@L+7 Nc1!<9E9Nw%&/(+K#1eg [3 of{K1(+C39 %&/(+K#1Tg Ik 3$oO4\C39(+ . $ j#439 .7=E(+)1@@R1',
10 @ NrF=d!39K#1&9 T7 -:E8K6%(\; 1 u+("+/#% 1@T39+& I1E1%&9;:= NrF q:"$#+%&'(&#+4

%@c39=@R1',83#',7<W9"ss+&&%&9G 0 Ne31&#E 64$39 A%&!398.7=E(+C1@A@R1',\C%3?&#EfK#1&9
!31 6F)d!39 K#1&9 *%&!B.1/I398.7=E(+!1@A@R1',E#+2%&90<398&#E 6F!UC1/83#+~%&!39
Nmh&1)& "+1E$#E$%&&%w-I1@c1E1%&%&9039 +& < N4\C3%& +[%&)39 Nmh&1)& "+1E$#E$%&&%w- 1@c1E1%&%&90
<+&K#1&9J)316F
, ^ Kf(WC+(K6%&%!A917<"$l.4%&?\C3%&'23 -1.+0 jl3j(kI32l3jl32lF6F8¥91+W3%&!,917<"$14A?P - X .

h j 2i j 439',39W;% ,?31@L9+@R1',(¬939/WE#+39J&#E& 0 j)3j)32h32iF6F)d!39C+&=1E1%&9;I
0 3 )3 3 J6
,?)%&3%&c,917<"$!%& . FF5?1Pj(kX . h.F6%&',H39(+!%&A-=9!@R1',!E#+2%&90JJ&#E9A31Ih.4.1;
%&',W&#Eh#""#+2>- 9W@R1',J1@@,?y463%&+&',1++/";T/<39J9E9Nw%&/(+K#1cg h32i{o{K1(+!39
%&/(+K#1g Ik 3 #oOFTUC1/C3#mh&1)&9"+1E$#E$%&&%w- 1@1E1%&%&90JJ+&91@ hJ
,? . + . P i >hX + . ?j + 9F
d!391011+2%37 l=H7 1%&1%&T8/"$1',<g +3,Wo 1@ "%E$)9',7<H1@f39W;% 8FWu%&%%&1&%§#% 4

3%&/"$1',?%&8B.1/g kI36/oOFq1'23%/(+2#%4e3%&/"$1',?%&#++{\;\C%3+/"',/[39>+&
1E1%&9;~};% NrF*G ,6"$&1%&9;[#E{K114A39 +&A1E1%&9;[ N)%&J+("+//;}18s9E9Nw%&/(+K#1
g [3 o?39 %&/(+K#1Tg Ik 3$oOFTd!39JK#1&9J1@39={\(+!E; *39 +&51 @ Nc/(+K1!/I9" ;#/ +!4
39={\(+CE;>*39=/"$1',=1@"%E$W9',7<C1 @ 8Feq*"$#+%&'(&#+49\=/( + . ++%&*1'23
%/(+2#% F=d!39K#1&9 s%&W/; /*9" ;#/ ,<4 39<.7=E(+W1@T+7 1%&%&90I@R1',J3#J/(+K1 1W"%E$
9',7<W13 @ 8F«[/(@ , . + , %&s1'23 %/(+2#% FS!'(1&3#@+~%&C393 zmh&1)&f"+1E$#E$%&&%w-
1@1E1%&%&90>39<+& u~;%G NF<d!3.(41J\ \&; ,6"',(439 7 1&(+W39 <mh&1)&c"+1E$#E$%&&%w-
1/6'(%&#/;?\C% 3 64939=7<1+J39 +& #++{\C)39 "%E$+7 1%&%&9089',7<C1@ 8F
«[817< 39(+J39 ,9%&//', 1@c<@R',%G xY 7X vP XH\C3%&'23*',7<"$9/ D)FTqr!%&!%&7<"1+1H3#
3%&@R',%>1;39(+W/39 ',K1%*3#)k ) . j#FTG&/+B.%+;u%&H8@R',%O FFP - g o 3 - XH\C3%&'23
',7<"$9/!39J+219û1@ - g oc%&>39=/B.9', - F
jm
|s h 0r l= {P - X
h i o
|s - .:02- gvjYo 3 - g h{o 3545454U3 - g $o76 r"qbo
0r o r
h h i rZP 1<36/eX o h r"q 1 h r" 0r o
r 1j r h;g / o!ro
h |s?ro
0 h $
k
g o
0 h $
k
g FF1P - g o 3 - XOo
h 0 o!ro r h;g rJo*rJo / . $*) +*P 2QPX.) X!
/" vP, $ X
xY 7X
0 h $
k
/" / xY 7X vP g oRX
+#
,$ %
/
& r" '
0 h $ j
k
)( h h;g h rJo +* o!r r, 0s

G
h;g 0 0

- .s
h h 0 r N

/
0 P0 h P g o X j FF - 3 -
1 g P#o2
g FFP - g o 3 - XOo2
0 h 0 r Nr" h s h rkm -

' $ j3
+4 +aP +fX ,5

,$ P +fX ,5
76 h |s+8 h 0 0 "r |r"q 3 o 3 h o)
g FF1P - g o 3 - XOo**9
1:+j3
h 0 D;1 ,;/<
,+ uy$ e6*e f+ ?
K f(?>9{\_0%K1 39["$/;9#Nw',6;9 @L1+>39~1011+2%37N?yF d!3%&u1011+2%37#^1?1?%&9"$9u"$1%+

P 1<36/eX246\C39(+ /~+("+/T39W.7=E(+T1@%&;9e1@f39WE$%&1/;I;% @L+7Z\C3%&'23 39E$%T#+E%&90
,6/+21',/; 41; ; 1&O 0 )j 32h 3545454)36/68+("+/!39 +%&90<+&1@A3#;%1Fd!39=1011+2%379/"$9C
K##+2%&#E$<.7=E(+J1@E$%(4 1> + =%@9*E$%J#+ /*E<+(9+29; F8«[u17<<*@R',% WX )) @P ? XC3#
+(9+2) ',K1(+2%?1@39=%&/(01(A
+ ? %&/ <E$%&#+- +("+/#% F
jn
h 0r
|s N? 1P 1<36/eX
h
i rZP 1 6/eX o h r"q
<3 1 h "r
r0
o r j1r h;g / o!ro
h h i r0o r h o h br"q
HABHAB?I = 45454 U=6H 5+WX )) P /eX

6E 6E I =45454 U= P 1 j{X
5WX ))
AB AB?I 45454 6E
=
# =5ak1k#45454Yk
0k # Bj h
h
r H N1 N1 h;g
h 0 NI = N I ?d45454U=<
h 0 ='<
h#k
View publication stats

How To Turn Loaded Dice Into Fair Coins

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

How To Turn Loaded Dice Into Fair Coins

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

   !"$# %&'(!

 !#""$&%&'(#%)%&*',+-."/101+2#"$3-145//6'231/%&' %&78&#% 49/#+2'23:399+2%&/%&'((461;*017<="$&-6%&90

 ,+ -se $#/.10

«[!;959%$  '& (  )&/WEH11011+2%37+* 3#A;9.39H@L&{\C%&909F,* #^1e1c%&9"$9W/B.9',

]_^F`badcfeJcgha:ikj       M   1 

r QSRUT,V $g WX Y[Z>\~P - XOo5g P XOo  

 ,   2   $  , 

f( K gvjYo g h{o

.7=E(+f1@;%&/%&',+1;%&90%&  31 1+B.1/ g o6139  e1@ g oO4;991/; E.-

, ^i 69""/<3#=39u;%I -6%&;J39I9/"$9=/B.9', -.0 l3j(kI32h1i323j(kI32hiF6F~d!39

, ^ 69""/?#01%& 4)1u%&A917<"$~j#4)3#I39s;%s-6%&;39s9/"$9I/B.9', -/.

«[C31&69{\;9',+2%E9+e1011+2%37 @L1+A,6/+21',%&90 @R1%+AE$%@L+7 WE$%&1/;<;%1F«[C31&6',//+2',

E$%&1/;~;%  /:%&78&#/I1}E$%&1/;[;%8F>d!39 1011+2%37 N?<\C%&&#^1>?+&c1@)39I%&78&#/;

, ^ 87 69""/3#)\W1E1%&>39J/B.9',J1@+1;%&90 (j kI32l3jlF6>39+(J+&&T1@39

d!39?901(+I39?/B.9', - %&(4T39s7<1+?,u'(%  %&?PR1ud!39(1+7 h \C%&&H90101/YX2F¤C',s39

@R1',!\C%3>39=17<=&#E 491 N/P - X)7 -*',1%&*+("#(F

q}3%&8/',% 4c\>"+{K6%&;9I111-6%& 1@!39u,u'(%',-~1@)9+<1011+2%3714e1;}39}0%K1*/7<

cw . ff10  w* &0 2.

S!'(1&(5%%~j '23#+21',/(+2%§%&90I1"%&71&%w->%&? @R1%+!E$%),6/+21',/1+F!Gx@R1%+!E$%),6/+21',/1+z* %&!1%&;

<  ^gJ^  

c,+ [@ &0120

7 ' 'i  J^  c  c'a  )c^ 

 PX.10 ?  PX . k  M! PX . |k u

 eEi  )&   1)  ,

d 39=1011+2%371@AK1:UC7 1?1'23%(K1W%C7 y9%&7 1 ,u'(%',->\C39s#""$&%;>/u1sE$%&1/;?',%& F

<  ^gJ^  " )&  1) 3 

c I) TJf©2. f

, ^"# 69""/) /(+T%&/(+//; %&<1E1%&%&90J %&90)E$%&1/;E$%c@L+7 ;%! 7 #^1/)1@

q  1 +2;9(+ /?9+3# 39<9/"$9J1@39<,6/+21',/1+%M%&JE$%&1/; 4 39I/(+ 39&;:"+{K6%&;9L

& |   T ! (' ef> T

d!39 $+2/J,6"(+2%&7<J,6"$1+=39{\ ,z',%K1u39I1011+2%37 %&J%&[,6/+21',%&90s1&A39 +21;97 9

Input Readings per Batch (b)

Input Readings per Batch (b)

39 B.1;9+2#%&'YNO%&7<J{K1(+2391;?1@c&#+01z;C#^1C39&; FTK1(+21& 4@RK11+2#E$ "(+@L1+27 1',W+(0%>@L1+!3%&

 a g  ^#" h ^Iahe  'd!39e19391+2f\C%&3/C319^H9+ 1&%&/^6%y@L1+3%&f39"@Ry',7 7<=;9+2#@L 1@

1 x& ]?^y4 :Pjn1n#kX24cjn1i.F

g h?h &i kj?j?j_l ;m   0 

%   7(,v]14i?Pjn|#hX24 m11l 6m|yk6F 

% 2(xw ) 5(xw % 

g h1i{oD.| P+X!+*.11abGHQSXbIn#x 3a3% %2 [< 3, "N;:(  4   4jn1n|F

g h)#o>.1+#X10+C )*'+-n+3ykQeGH+Q { $V9(+2#%&90B.1%vNO+21;97/B.9',@L+7ª&%03-NO+21;97

=!14 :Pj)n nX24 1l1 9|.jl.F 

q}3%&8#"";%v4\u"+/8"+.1@R=1@!39uw\ 39(1+7 8"+//;%&}/',%©is#E{K11F[¥c%+2/(4A%&

w 0 0 ¨w x &0 2. O10?"01 01f

f(WC17<=3#$  j#4% F 1F453#

1@019(+21&%w-143#H39 ;%Wt31)%&;9H&#E; j)32h32i3545454J3/[FTd!3.(46t31H@R1',(FKf(! PXTEW39

-6%&;)39=/B.9', -  $~+&&(4% F 1F4$3#-6%&; - gvjYocs39 $+2/!+& 4 - g h{os398/',;?+& 4

7  gvjYo g h{o g $o76       $      3  

  #^   eJcgha:ikj oo 5{  ,

  !    P X     1 ) 

     , ,          

%@L1+27   &  M { M )&@n )~ x& )ooIm x&@n<{ (5o - xu

 'i 'i  Jgg   ^Fe 

 'i '  Jgg B"d^Fe   c  

 "    ,      1 )   P - X "

LGP - X +yLG P <X 

 Jgg  - ;95%%:1@Hs4LGP - X I% G H@L1+=>"-697 %&1cP .XC1@H39<@L&{\C%&90u@L1+27* cP .X .

 ^        !        

    «[C"+{K1C3%&cE.-<',/+21;%&',% FT69""/ %&eJ@R1%+eE$%A,6/+21',/1+3#%&e91T%@L1+27*Fd!39

"(+2789#%<'(&1/ P " X{K1(+T\C3%&'23   %&A96Nw%@L1+27*4 P Xc%&A'23<3#e P " X%&A7 y9%&7 1 FcUC1/

3#!E.- f7 7 ?j#4P XH%&!%&B.9- ;959; F

6%&',% %&96Nw%@L1+27D{K1(+$P X24f39(+8,9%&/E$%//+2%&90 1; f1@TB.19013 '23:3#

7 #"$W7<1+7<1@ P XC/ J31 / LF86%&', M

!"$# %&'(!

!#""$&%&'(#%)%&',+-."/101+2#"$3-145//6'231/%&' %&78&#% 49/#+2'23:399+2%&/%&'((461;017<="$&-6%&90

,+ -se $#/.10

«[!;959%$ '& ( )&/WEH11011+2%37+* 3#A;9.39H@L&{\C%&909F,* #^1e1c%&9"$9W/B.9',

]_^F`badcfeJcgha:ikj M 1

r QSRUT,V $g WX Y[Z>\~P - XOo5g P XOo

, 2 $ ,

f( K gvjYo g h{o

.7=E(+f1@;%&/%&',+1;%&90%& 31 1+B.1/ g o6139 e1@ g oO4;991/; E.-

, ^i 69""/<3#=39u;%I -6%&;J39I9/"$9=/B.9', -.0 l3j(kI32h1i323j(kI32hiF6F~d!39

, ^ 69""/?#01%& 4)1u%&A917<"$~j#4)3#I39s;%s-6%&;39s9/"$9I/B.9', -/.

«[C31&69{\;9',+2%E9+e1011+2%37 @L1+A,6/+21',%&90 @R1%+AE$%@L+7 WE$%&1/;<;%1F«[C31&6',//+2',

E$%&1/;~;% /:%&78&#/I1}E$%&1/;[;%8F>d!39 1011+2%37 N?<\C%&&#^1>?+&c1@)39I%&78&#/;

, ^ 87 69""/3#)\W1E1%&>39J/B.9',J1@+1;%&90 (j kI32l3jlF6>39+(J+&&T1@39

d!39?901(+I39?/B.9', - %&(4T39s7<1+?,u'(% %&?PR1ud!39(1+7 h \C%&&H90101/YX2F¤C',s39

@R1',!\C%3>39=17<=&#E 491 N/P - X)7 -',1%&+("#(F

q}3%&8/',% 4c\>"+{K6%&;9I111-6%& 1@!39u,u'(%',-~1@)9+<1011+2%3714e1;}39}0%K1*/7<

cw . ff10 w* &0 2.

S!'(1&(5%%~j '23#+21',/(+2%§%&90I1"%&71&%w->%&? @R1%+!E$%),6/+21',/1+F!Gx@R1%+!E$%),6/+21',/1+z* %&!1%&;

< ^gJ^

c,+ [@ &0120

7 ' 'i J^ c c'a )c^

PX.10 ? PX . k M! PX . |k u

eEi )& 1) ,

d 39=1011+2%371@AK1:UC7 1?1'23%(K1W%C7 y9%&7 1 ,u'(%',->\C39s#""$&%;>/u1sE$%&1/;?',%& F

< ^gJ^ " )& 1) 3

c I) TJf©2. f

, ^"# 69""/) /(+T%&/(+//; %&<1E1%&%&90J %&90)E$%&1/;E$%c@L+7 ;%! 7 #^1/)1@

q 1 +2;9(+ /?9+3# 39<9/"$9J1@39<,6/+21',/1+%M%&JE$%&1/; 4 39I/(+ 39&;:"+{K6%&;9L

& | T ! (' ef> T

d!39 $+2/J,6"(+2%&7<J,6"$1+=39{\ ,z',%K1u39I1011+2%37 %&J%&[,6/+21',%&90s1&A39 +21;97 9

39 B.1;9+2#%&'YNO%&7<J{K1(+2391;?1@c&#+01z;C#^1C39&; FTK1(+21& 4@RK11+2#E$ "(+@L1+27 1',W+(0%>@L1+!3%&

a g ^#" h ^Iahe 'd!39e19391+2f\C%&3/C319^H9+ 1&%&/^6%y@L1+3%&f39"@Ry',7 7<=;9+2#@L 1@

1 x& ]?^y4 :Pjn1n#kX24cjn1i.F

g h?h &i kj?j?j_l ;m 0

% 7(,v]14i?Pjn|#hX24 m11l 6m|yk6F

% 2(xw ) 5(xw %

g h1i{oD.| P+X!+*.11abGHQSXbIn#x 3a3% %2 [< 3, "N;:( 4 4jn1n|F

g h)#o>.1+#X10+C )*'+-n+3ykQeGH+Q { $V9(+2#%&90B.1%vNO+21;97/B.9',@L+7ª&%03-NO+21;97

=!14 :Pj)n nX24 1l1 9|.jl.F

q}3%&8#"";%v4\u"+/8"+.1@R=1@!39uw\ 39(1+7 8"+//;%&}/',%©is#E{K11F[¥c%+2/(4A%&

w 0 0 ¨w x &0 2. O10?"01 01f

f(WC17<=3#$ j#4% F 1F453#

1@019(+21&%w-143#H39 ;%Wt31)%&;9H&#E; j)32h32i3545454J3/[FTd!3.(46t31H@R1',(FKf(! PXTEW39

-6%&;)39=/B.9', - $~+&&(4% F 1F4$3#-6%&; - gvjYocs39 $+2/!+& 4 - g h{os398/',;?+& 4

7 gvjYo g h{o g $o76 $ 3

#^ eJcgha:ikj oo 5{ ,

! P X 1 )

, ,

%@L1+27 & M { M )&@n )~ x& )ooIm x&@n<{ (5o - xu

'i 'i Jgg ^Fe

'i ' Jgg B"d^Fe c

" , 1 ) P - X "

LGP - X +yLG P <X

Jgg - ;95%%:1@Hs4LGP - X I% G H@L1+=>"-697 %&1cP .XC1@H39<@L&{\C%&90u@L1+27* cP .X .

^ !

«[C"+{K1C3%&cE.-<',/+21;%&',% FT69""/ %&eJ@R1%+eE$%A,6/+21',/1+3#%&e91T%@L1+27*Fd!39

"(+2789#%<'(&1/ P " X{K1(+T\C3%&'23 %&A96Nw%@L1+27*4 P Xc%&A'23<3#e P " X%&A7 y9%&7 1 FcUC1/

3#!E.- f7 7 ?j#4P XH%&!%&B.9- ;959; F

6%&',% %&96Nw%@L1+27D{K1(+$P X24f39(+8,9%&/E$%//+2%&90 1; f1@TB.19013 '23:3#

7 #"$W7<1+7<1@ P XC/ J31 / LF86%&', M

7 #"$=/ LF f( P($AX ;991/ **) + P <" X24e% F 1F4A39

Jgg %& %@L1+27*4 39}%=7 #"$J7<

< ^gJ^

,+ Ic z @ &0120 [ &0 2.w10

' 'i Jgg ^Fe

' ' Jgg

%&C "$/;9#Nw',6;9=@R',%?3#,6'(9/3981011+2%37 l=(F!q?139(+W\1+2;(4$3%&!"$/;9#Nw',6;9 #^1

w uy$ e6*e f+ =

d!398"$/;9#Nw',6;98@L1+ll=#^1 1J%&9"$9C>/B.9', - 1@T+1c.7=E(+2(41;:9/"$9Wu"$1%+<P 1<36/eX24

10 @ NrF=d!39K#1&9 T7 -:E8K6%(\; 1 u+("+/#% 1@T39+& I1E1%&9;:= NrF q:"$#+%&'(&#+4

, ^ Kf(WC+(K6%&%!A917<"$l.4%&?\C3%&'23 -1.+0 jl3j(kI32l3jl32lF6F8¥91+W3%&!,917<"$14A?P - X .

d!391011+2%37 l=H7 1%&1%&T8/"$1',<g +3,Wo 1@ "%E$)9',7<H1@f39W;% 8FWu%&%%&1&%§#% 4

/" / xY 7X vP g oRX

)( h h;g h rJo +* o!r r, 0s

h h 0 r N

0 h 0 r Nr" h s h rkm -

,$ P +fX ,5

K f(?>9{\_0%K1 39["$/;9#Nw',6;9 @L1+>39~1011+2%37N?yF d!3%&u1011+2%37#^1?1?%&9"$9u"$1%+

HABHAB?I = 45454 U=6H 5+WX )) P /eX