Gestational Diabetes

stomach
pancreas
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
• a type of diabetes that can develop during
pregnancy in women who don’t already
have diabetes
• can cause health problems in both
mother and baby.
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE | SAN JOSE TARLAC | SAN JOSE WEST DISTRICT |
301002.ibahs@deped.gov.ph | IBA HIGH SCHOOL 301002
CAUSES
• occurs when your body can’t make
enough insulin during your pregnancy
• sometimes related to the hormonal
changes of pregnancy that make your
body less able to use insulin
3 Key players:
•Pregnancy: specifically the hormones
that support the pregnancy and
baby’s growth
• Human placental lactogen
(hPL), estrogen, progesterone,
and cortisol
•Mom’s metabolic system
changes (specifically changes to her
insulin sensitivity…mom’s insulin
sensitivity lowers due to the
influence of the pregnancy hormones
listed above)
•Baby’s growth needs
RISK FACTORS FOR
MOMMA
Maternal age > 25 y/o
Overweight or obese
(BMI >25) (BM1>30
Macrosomia (previous large babies)
>9 lbs
Multiple pregnancy
A history (previous gestational diabetes
diagnosis or family history of diabetes mellitus)
RELATED HEALTH PROBLEMS
• can increase your risk of high blood
pressure during pregnancy
• can also increase your risk of having a
large baby that needs to be delivered by
cesarean section (C-section)
• BABY
• Being very large (9 pounds or more), which can
make delivery more difficult
• Being born early, which can cause breathing and
other problems
• Having low blood sugar
• Developing type 2 diabetes later in life
• Visit your doctor to have your blood sugar
tested 6 to 12 weeks after your baby is born
and then every 1 to 3 years to make sure your
levels are on target.
SYMPTOMS
• typically doesn’t have any symptoms
• may be mild, such as being thirstier than
normal or having to urinate more often
DIAGNOSIS
• The expected values for normal fasting blood
glucose concentration are between 70 mg/dL
(3.9 mmol/L) and 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L).
When fasting blood glucose is between 100
to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) changes in
lifestyle and monitoring glycemia are
•
recommended.
https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/2380#:~:text=The%20expected%20values%20for%20normal,and%20monitoring%20glycemia%20are%20recommended.
Gestational Diabetes Nursing
Interventions & Treatment
SUGAR BABE
Screening for gestational
diabetes
❖ 1 hour oral glucose
tolerance test
▪ 24-28 weeks
▪ >140 mg/dL abnormal
result
▪ Will have to have the 3
hour oral glucose
tolerance test to diagnose
gestational diabetes
❖ 3 hour oral glucose
tolerance test
▪ Patient comes back to
the office on another day
to have performed
▪ Fasting required
▪ Blood drawn at the
following times: fasting
(then will drink 100 gram
glucose solution), 1, 2,
and 3 hours
•Two or more abnormal
results…diagnosed with
gestational diabetes
• Fasting >95 mg/dL
• 1 hour >180 mg/dL
Use diet and some may need
insulin or oral
exercise to diabetic
manage blood medications like
glucose Glyburide
Glucose monitoring: monitor
blood glucose on a daily basis at
home
▪ 70-95 mg/dL fasting
▪ <140 mg/dL 1 hour after
meal
Asses urine for glucose during prenatal visits
assess for burning during urination (could
indicate infection)
Risk factors for MOMMA
Assess for this risk
factors at prenatal visits
Blood glucose swings
during and after labor
monitor blood glucose
levels during and after
labor
Try to maintain normal
blood glucose level
Monitor for
HYPOglycemia in baby
and mom after birth
A dverse effect of gestational diabetes
Preeclampsia (htn and UTI, vaginal infections
protein in urine)
risk for c-section due to large baby

respiratory distress in baby preterm labor
BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING POSTPARTUM
6-12 weeks postpartum
2 hour oral glucose tolerance test
PREVENTION
• Before you get pregnant, you may be able
to prevent gestational diabetes by losing
weight if you’re overweight and getting
regular physical activity.
Go into pregnancy at a healthy weight
People looking to lose weight can take steps to modify their diet,
replacing candy with fruit
such as:
measuring out smaller portion sizes
eating more lean protein, such as fish and

tofu, to stay fuller for longer
avoiding packaged food and “junk food”
increasing fiber intake by eating plenty of replacing juices, dairy-laden coffee drinks,
vegetables and whole grains and sodas with herbal tea, black coffee, or
sparkling water with lemon or lime slices
PREVENTION
• Don’t try to lose weight if you’re already
pregnant. You’ll need to gain some
weight—but not too quickly—for your
baby to be healthy.
Exercise doing active leisure activities, such as hiking,
walking or cycling to work gardening, or playing with children outdoors
taking the stairs

running and jogging to stay motivated
Trying zumba and yoga, ideally a class
specifically for pregnant women or beginners
Eat well during pregnancy
During pregnancy, morning sickness, cravings,
and food aversions can make it challenging to
eat a nutritious diet.
Attend routine care appointments
TREATMENT
• Checking your blood sugar to make sure
your levels stay in a healthy range.
• Eating healthy food in the right amounts
at the right times. Follow a healthy eating
plan created by your doctor or dietitian.
TREATMENT
• Being active. Regular physical activity that’s
moderately intense (such as brisk walking) lowers
your blood sugar and makes you more sensitive to
insulin so your body won’t need as much. Make
sure to check with your doctor about what kind of
physical activity you can do and if there are any
kinds you should avoid.
TREATMENT
• Monitoring your baby. Your doctor will check
your baby’s growth and development.

Gestational Diabetes

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stomach

risk for c-section due to large baby

eating more lean protein, such as fish and

taking the stairs

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