Chemistry

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∎ Term
∎ Key points
∎ Examples
∎ Formulas

Chemistry – branch of science which deals with the study of matter and the changes it
undergoes.

BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY

1. Organic Chemistry 4. Analytical Chemistry

2. Inorganic Chemistry 5. Biochemistry
3. Physical Chemistry

MATTER

Matter – anything that occupies space and has mass. It is composed of tiny particles called
atoms. There are presently 106 different kinds of atoms (elements) known in which each of
these is represented by a symbol.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Properties – characteristics that differentiate a substance from all other substances.

Intrinsic Properties – properties of the substance that are independent of the shape and size of
the substance.
Example: temperature, pressure

Extrinsic Properties – properties of the substance that are related to its size and shape.
Example: volume, mass, weight, etc.

Physical Properties – properties which matter can show without being destroyed.

Chemical Properties – properties which matter can show by losing its identity.

Exothermic Changes – physical or chemical changes which causes energy release from the
substance to the surroundings.

Endothermic Changes – physical or chemical changes in which energy is absorbed by the

substance.
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

1. Pure Substance – matter that has definite composition and a definite boiling point.

TWO DIVISIONS OF PURE SUBSTANCE

a. Element – substance that is composed of only one kind of atom.

b. Compound – substance that is composed of two or more elements chemically

combined in definite and constant proportion.

2. Mixture – matter has no definite boiling point nor definite composition. It is a

combination of various substances which can be separated by physical means.

TWO DIVISIONS OF MIXTURE

a. Homogeneous Mixture – mixture whose parts or composition are not distinguishable

even to some extent through a microscopic.

b. Heterogeneous Mixture – mixture whose parts or composition are readily visible or

easily identifiable.