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Theories of Failure
Theories of Failure
and I wish to share some things with the reader that I have
observed.
Example1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Now, we have to decide whether the block is safe from rupture or
not. The dilemma for a person not knowing the failure theories
might be: 200 MPa is less than the ultimate stress of 250 MPa but
there are two such stress, Sx and Sy. Singularly they may not cause
failure but collectively will they cause failure (after all 200+200= 400
and if you have a good imagination: even MPa)? Using failure
theories we can answer such questions.
The answer is: no. They will not cause rupture. The principal stress
state is shown in fig.4.
Figure 4
Example 3
This is the same as example 2 except that the brittle block is
replaced by a block of ductile material of yield strength 220 MPa
and ultimate strength 350 MPa. The system is shown in fig.5
Figure 5
Since the mechanics of the problem are not changing, the stress
state is the same as the previous example but the material is
different and ductile. Will it yield? Will it rupture?
ð Sv = 200 MPa
Since the von Mises stress is less than the yield stress, the block is
safe from yielding.
Example 4
Consider the same problem with the block being made of material
with yield point 120 MPa and ultimate stress = 210 MPa.
But sometimes we are okay with yielding but not rupture, then we
have to evaluate whether rupture would occur. This is where things
are not very clear. The failure criteria for rupture are not as clear as
failure criteria for yielding.