সমাস - ৪

(অবয্য়ীভাব, �ািদ ও িনতয্ সমাস)

 ÔAe¨qxfveÕ
msÁv : c~e©c‡` Ae¨q‡hv‡M wb®úbœ mgv‡m hw` Ae¨‡qi A_©B
cÖavb nq, Z‡e _v‡K Ae¨qxfve mgvm e‡j|
†hgb : DcK~j = K~‡ji mgx‡c, cÖwZw`b = w`b w`b BZ¨vw`|
 ÔAe¨qxfveÕ A_© Ae¨‡qi fve eZ©gvb;
 Ae¨qxfve mgvm wظ, Kg©aviq I Zrcyiæ‡li wecixZ;
 Ae¨qxfve mgv‡m c~e©c‡`i A_© cÖavb nq;
 Ae¨qxfve mgv‡mi c~e©c‡` DcmM© I cic‡` we‡kl¨ _v‡K;
 DcmM©‡hv‡M MwVZ me kãB Ae¨qxfve mgvm|
†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
DcbMix bMixii mgx‡c
mvgxc¨
Dc DcKÉ K‡Éi mgx‡c
(ˆbKU¨)
DcK~j K~‡ji mgx‡c
†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
Dcfvlv fvlvi m`„k
Dceb e‡bi m`„k
DcMÖn MÖ‡ni Zzj¨
DcK_v K_vi m`„k
DcØxc Øx‡ci m`„k
Dc
mv`„k¨ (wgj) Dckni kn‡ii m`„k
Dcb`x b`xi m`„k
DcmvMi mvM‡ii m`„k
DcwefvM wefv‡Mi m`„k
DcgvZv gvZvi m`„k
cÖwZ cÖwZg~wZ© g~wZ©i m`„k
†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
DcMÖn Dc (ÿz`ª) †h MÖn
Dcb`x Dc (ÿz`ª) †h b`x
DcRvwZ Dc (ÿz`ª) †h RvwZ
Dcc` Dc (ÿz`ª) †h c`
ÿz`ª Dc
Dc‡Rjv Dc (ÿz`ª) †h †Rjv
DcwefvM Dc (ÿz`ª) †h wefvM
DcmvMi Dc (ÿz`ª) †h mvMi
DckvLv Dc (ÿz`ª) †h kvLv
†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
cÖwZM„‡n M„‡n M„‡n
cÖwZÿY ÿ‡Y ÿ‡Y
cÖwZ cÖwZw`b w`b w`b
cÖwZgY g‡Y g‡Y
exáv (cybtcyb)
cÖwZRb R‡b R‡b
Aby AbyÿY ÿ‡Y ÿ‡Y
wd wdeQi eQi eQi
ni ni‡ivR †ivR †ivR
†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
wbR©j R‡ji Afve
wbivwgl Avwg‡li Afve
Afve wb wbf©vebv fvebvi Afve
wbiærmvn Drmv‡ni Afve
wbS©ÅvU SÅv‡Ui Afve

†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨

n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
AvbZ Clr bZ
Clr (Aí) Av
Aviw³g Clr iw³g
†h A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
Av‡Q
AvRxeb Rxeb ch©šÍ
Avmgy`ª mgy`ª ch©šÍ
Avevje„×ewbZv evj (wkï), e„× I ewbZv ch©šÍ
Avmgy`wª ngvPj mgy`ª †_‡K wngvPj ch©šÍ
Avg~j g~j ch©šÍ
AvgiY giY ch©šÍ
Av‰K‡kvi ˆK‡kvi ch©šÍ
Av Avcv`g¯ÍK c` (cv) n‡Z g¯ÍK ch©šÍ
ch©šÍ AvRb¥ Rb¥ ch©šÍ
AvRvby Rvby ch©šÍ
Avevj¨ ev‡j¨i m~Pbv †_‡K ev‡j¨i †kl ch©šÍ
Av‰kke ˆkk‡ei m~Pbv †_‡K ˆkk‡ei †kl ch©šÍ
A`¨vewa A`¨ ch©šÍ
AvKY© KY© ch©šÍ
AvcvgiRbmvaviY cvgi †_‡K RbmvaviY ch©šÍ
ÔhvÕ (Ae¨‡qi hve¾xeb Rxeb ch©šÍ
g‡Zv KvR Ki‡Q)
†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
cÖwZev` weiæ× ev`
we‡iva cÖwZ cÖwZK~j weiæ× K~j
cÖwZ‡hvM weiæ× †hvM

†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨

n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
D‡Øj †ejv‡K
AwZµvšÍ
AwZµvšÍ Dr
D”Q…•Lj k„•Ljv‡K
AwZµvšÍ
†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
AbyMgb cðvr Mgb
Abyaveb cðvr aveb
cðvr Aby
AbymiY cðvr miY
AbyZvc cðvr Zvc
†h A‡_© e¨eüZ †h DcmM© c~e©c‡` mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
n‡q‡Q Av‡Q
h_vwbqg wbqg‡K AwZµg
bv K‡i
h_vwewa wewa‡K AwZµg
bv K‡i
Ôh_vÕ (GLv‡b
h_vmva¨ mva¨‡K AwZµg
AbwZµg Ae¨‡qi g‡Zv KvR
bv K‡i
Ki‡Q)
h‡_ó Bó‡K AwZµg
bv K‡i
h‡_”Qv B”Qv‡K AwZµg
bv K‡i
 wbcvZ‡b wm× Ae¨qxfve mgvm : †Kv‡bv wbqg-Kvbyb bv
†g‡bB †h Ae¨qxfve mgvm nq Zv‡K wbcvZ‡bwm× Ae¨qxfve
mgvm e‡j|
†hgb :
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
Aa¨vZ¥ AvZ¥v‡K Awa
(AwaKvi A‡_©)
Awa‰`e ˆ`e‡K AwaKvi K‡i
mgÿ Awÿi mgx‡c
cÖZ¨ÿ Awÿi Awfgy‡L
Awaf~Z f~Z‡K AwaKvi K‡i
cÖ`wÿY `wÿY‡K cÖMZ
c‡ivÿ Awÿi A‡MvP‡i Aa¨vZ¥ I Awa‰`e kw³ †c‡Z PvB‡j mgÿ I
`yM©Z `yt-†K (`ytL‡K) cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e Awaf~Z‡K cÖ`wÿY Ki‡Z n‡e,
MZ c‡ivÿfv‡e Ki‡j `yM©Z n‡e|
  K‡qKwU AcÖavb mgvm : AcÖavb mgv‡mi g‡a¨ cÖvw`,
wbZ¨, AjyK D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

Dcc` Zrcyiæl Ae¨qxfve cÖvw`

we‡kl¨ + K…`šÍ c` (K…r DcmM© + we‡kl¨ DcmM© + K…`šÍ c` (K…r
cÖZ¨q mvwaZ we‡kl¨ A_ev (†h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi we‡kl¨ cÖZ¨q mvwaZ we‡kl¨
we‡klY _vK‡e) _vK‡e) _vK‡e)
সকল �ািদ সমাস K…rcÖZ¨q mvwaZ we‡kl¨ I
অবয্য়ীভাব সমােসর DcmM© Øviv †h mKj
উদাহরণ। িক� সকল Ae¨qxfve mgvm nq
অবয্য়ীভাব �ািদ সমাস নয়।
†mmKj Ae¨qxfve mgvmB
cÖvw` mgvm|
cÖvw` mgvm : cÖvw` = cÖ + Avw`| GLv‡b ÔcÖÕ GKwU DcmM©| GB
ÔcÖÕ 20 wU ms¯‹…Z DcmM©‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡Q| A_©vr cÖ, cÖwZ,
cwi, Aby cÖf…wZ Ae¨‡qi (DcmM©) m‡½ K…r cÖZ¨q mvwaZ
we‡k‡l¨i mgvm n‡j Zv‡K cÖvw` mgvm e‡j|
†hgb : cÖePb = cÖ (cÖK…ó) †h ePb|
• W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi g‡Z, cÖvw` mgvm Zrcyiæ‡li
iƒcvšÍi|
• W. myKzgvi †m‡bi g‡Z, cÖvw` mgvm wbZ¨ mgv‡mi kvLv|
• W. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj n‡Ki g‡Z, cÖvw` mgvm Ae¨qxfv‡ei Ab¨
bvg|
• W. nvqvr gvgy‡`i g‡Z, Zrcyiæl, wbZ¨ mgvm I Ae¨qxfve Ñ
GB wZbwU mgv‡mi m‡½ cÖvw` mgv‡mi m¤úK© †`Lv hvq, ZvB
evsjvq GB mgv‡mi Avjv`v Aw¯ÍZ¡ ¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|
• evsjv GKv‡Wwg cÖwgZ evsjv e¨envwiK e¨vKiYÕ MÖ‡š’ Ges
beg-`kg †kÖwYi Rb¨ †evW© KZ…©K cÖ`Ë Ôevsjv fvlvi
e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZÕ MÖ‡š’ cÖvw` mgvm, wbZ¨ mgvm, Ae¨qxfve
mgvm, wظ mgvm ivLv nqwb|

Avgiv †Kv‡bvwKQzB ev` †`e bv| cÖkœ †K ev Kviv K‡ib, †Kv_v

†_‡K K‡ib Zv Avgv‡`i Rvbv †bB| myZivs mewKQz c‡o ivLvB
n‡e eyw×gv‡bi KvR|
  wb‡Pi cÖvw` mgv‡mi D`vniY †`Iqv n‡jv :
c~e©c` cic`
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ e¨vL¨v
(DcmM©) (we‡kl¨)
ePb cÖ (cÖK…ó iƒ‡c) †h cic` ÔePbÕ (√eP& + Ab) ÔeP&Õ avZz †_‡K
cÖePb
ePb G‡m‡Q
fvZ cÖ (cÖK…ó iƒ‡c) †h cic` ÔfvZÕ (√fv +Z/³) ÔfvÕ avZz †_‡K
cÖfvZ
fvZ G‡m‡Q
eÜ cÖ (cÖK…ó iƒ‡c) †h cic` ÔeÜÕ (√eÜ& + A/NT&) ÔeÜ&Õ avZz †_‡K
cÖeÜ
eÜ G‡m‡Q
cÖ MwZ cÖ (cÖK…ó iƒ‡c) †h cic` ÔMwZÕ (√Mg + wZ) ÔMg&Õ avZz †_‡K
cÖMwZ
MwZ G‡m‡Q
ev` cÖ (cÖK…ó iƒ‡c) †h cic` Ôev`Õ (√e`& + B/wYP& +A) Ôe`&Õ avZz
cÖev`
ev` †_‡K G‡m‡Q
nvi cÖnvi cÖ †h nvi cic` ÔnviÕ (√ü + A) ÔüÕ avZz †_‡K G‡m‡Q
cic` ÔwkwÿZÕ (√wkÿ& + Z/³) Ôwkÿ&Õ avZz
wkwÿZ cÖwkwÿZ cÖ (cÖK…ó) wkwÿZ
†_‡K G‡m‡Q
 c~e©c` cic`
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ e¨vL¨v
(DcmM©) (we‡kl¨)
cic` ÔwnsmvÕ (√wnsm& +A +Av/Uvc&) Ôwnsm&Õ
wnsmv cÖwZwnsmv cÖwZ †h wnsmv
avZz †_‡K G‡m‡Q
cÖwZ
cic` ÔK~jÕ (√K~j& + A) ÔK~j&Õ avZz †_‡K
K~j cÖwZK~j cÖwZ †h K~j
G‡m‡Q
cwi (PZzw`©‡K) †h cic` ÔågYÕ (√eÜ& + A/NT&) Ôåg&Õ avZz
cwi ågY cwiågY
ågY †_‡K G‡m‡Q
AwZ (AwZµvšÍ) cic` ÔgvÎÕ (√gv + Î + A) ÔgvÕ avZz †_‡K
AwZ gvÎ AwZgvÎ
gvÎv G‡m‡Q
Aby‡Z (cðv‡Z) †h cic` ÔZvcÕ (√Zc& + A/NT&) ÔZc&Õ avZz
Aby Zvc AbyZvc
Zvc †_‡K G‡m‡Q
cic` ÔwnsmvÕ (√wnsm& +A +Av/Uvc&) Ôwnsm&Õ
wnsmv cÖwZwnsmv cÖwZ †h wnsmv
avZz †_‡K G‡m‡Q
cÖwZ
cic` ÔK~jÕ (√K~j& + A) ÔK~j&Õ avZz †_‡K
K~j cÖwZK~j cÖwZ †h K~j
G‡m‡Q
 c~e©c` cic`
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ e¨vL¨v
(DcmM©) (we‡kl¨)
cic` Ôev¯‘Õ (√em& + Zz) Ôem&Õ avZz †_‡K
ev¯‘ DØv¯‘ Dr (Z¨³) ev¯‘
G‡m‡Q
cic` Ô†ejvÕ (√†ej& + A) Ô†ej&Õ avZz †_‡K
†ejv D‡Øj Dr (DrµvšÍ) †ejv
G‡m‡Q
Dr k¦vm cic` Ôk¦vmÕ (√k¦m& + A) Ôk¦m&Õ avZz †_‡K
D”Q¡vm Dr †h k¦vm
G‡m‡Q
cic` ÔKwÉZÕ (√KY& + V + BZ) ÔKY&Õ avZz
KwÉZ DrKwÉZ Dr (DbœZ) KwÉZ
†_‡K G‡m‡Q
cic` Ôw`bÕ (√†`v + Bb&) Ô†`vÕ avZz †_‡K
`yi w`b `yw`©b `yt †h w`b
G‡m‡Q
cic` Ôev¯‘Õ (√em& + Zz) Ôem&Õ avZz †_‡K
ev¯‘ DØv¯‘ Dr (Z¨³) ev¯‘
G‡m‡Q
Dr
cic` Ô†ejvÕ (√†ej& + A) Ô†ej&Õ avZz †_‡K
†ejv D‡Øj Dr (DrµvšÍ) †ejv
G‡m‡Q
  †UKwbK : cic‡` ÔAšÍiÕ _vK‡j wbZ¨ mgvm n‡e| †hgb :

mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨

MÖvgvšÍi Ab¨ MÖvg KvjvšÍi Ab¨ Kvj
ØxcvšÍi Ab¨ Øxc iƒcvšÍi Ab¨ iƒc
†`kvšÍi Ab¨ †`k hyMvšÍi Ab¨ hyM
cic‡`
MÖnvšÍi Ab¨ MÖn †jvKvšÍi Ab¨ †jvK
(AšÍi)
evK¨všÍi Ab¨ evK¨ DcvqvšÍi Ab¨ Dcvq
¯’vbvšÍi Ab¨ ¯’vb cvVvšÍi Ab¨ cvV
M„nvšÍi Ab¨ M„n gZvšÍi Ab¨ gZ
e¨wZµg : †ZcvšÍi = wZb cÖvšÍ‡ii mgvnvi (wظ mgvm)
  †UKwbK : cic‡` ÔgvÎÕ _vK‡j wbZ¨ mgvm n‡e| †hgb :

mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨

`k©bgvÎ †Kej `k©b RjgvÎ †Kej Rj
cic‡` (gvÎ) Zb¥vÎ †Kej Zvnv †`LvgvÎ †Kej †`Lv
kqbgvÎ †Kej kqb PovgvÎ †Kej Pov
e¨wZµg : AwZgvÎ = gvÎv‡K AwZµvšÍ (cÖvw` mgvm)
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
`k©bgvÎ †Kej `k©b RjgvÎ †Kej Rj
cic‡` (gvÎ)
Zb¥vÎ †Kej Zvnv †`LvgvÎ †Kej †`Lv
kqbgvÎ †Kej kqb PovgvÎ †Kej Pov
 †UKwbK : cic‡` Ô wU, Uv, Lvbv, ¸jv, ¸wj, ¸‡jv my×Õ
_vK‡j wbZ¨ mgvm n‡e| †hgb :
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
gvbylwU GKwU gvbyl
KjgUv GB Kjg
cic‡` (wU, Uv, †U, Lvbv, ¸jv, ¸wj, ¸‡jv my×) Avg¸‡jv A‡bK Avg
gvbyl¸wj A‡bK gvbyl
eBLvbv GB eB
MÖvgmy× mg¯Í MÖvg
†Nvjv‡U Clr †Nvjv
  wbZ¨ mgv‡mi AviI D`vniY :

mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
Avgiv Zzwg, Avwg I †m
weivbeŸB `yB I beŸB
R‰bK GK Rb
Avgiv weivbeŸB Rb (R‰bK) c~Rv †`‡L
gv_vwcQz cÖwZgv_v
†divi mgq Avgiv weivbeŸB Rb
w`bfi mviv w`b
Kvjmvc `k©bgvÎ †jvKvšÍi njvg|
c~Rv_© c~Rvi wbwgË
Kvjmvc Kvj Zzj¨ mvc
`k©bgvÎ †Kej `k©b
†jvKvšÍi Ab¨ †jvK
AjyK mgvm : AjyK k‡ãi A_© †jvc bv cvIqv| A_©vr
e¨vmev‡K¨i wefw³ hw` mg¯Íc‡` †jvc bv cvq Z‡e Zv‡K
AjyK mgvm e‡j| AjyK mgvm †Kv‡bv ¯^Zš¿ mgvm bq| Ø›Ø
mgv‡m wefw³ bv †c‡j AjyK Ø›Ø, wVK †mfv‡e Zrcyiæ‡l
wefw³ †jvc bv †c‡j AjyK Zrcyiæl Ges eûeªxwn mgv‡m
wefw³ †jvc bv †c‡j AjyK eûeªxn| myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q †h
wZbwU mgv‡m AjyK n‡Z cv‡i|

1. AjyK Ø›Ø 2. AjyK Zrcyiæl 3. AjyK eûeªxwn|

 AjyK Ø›Ø AjyK Zrcyiæl AjyK eûeªxwn
e¨vmev‡K¨ wefw³ e¨vmev‡K¨ wefw³ c~e©c‡` wefw³
_vK‡e, wKš‘ †mB (†h‡Kv‡bv wefw³ _vK‡e Ges
wefw³ c~e©c‡` I _vK‡Z cv‡i) e¨vmev‡K¨ Zv †jvc
cic‡` wefw³ _vK‡e, wKš‘ Zv cv‡e bv|
†jvc cv‡e bv| c~e©c‡` †jvc cv‡e
bv|
 AjyK Ø›Ø AjyK Zrcyiæl AjyK eûeªxwn
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨
`y‡a-fv‡Z `y‡a I fv‡Z Mv‡bi Mv‡bi Avmi gv_vq gv_vq cvMwo hvi
Avmi cvMwo
R‡j-¯’‡j R‡j I ¯’‡j K‡ji Mvb M‡ji Mvb nv‡ZLwo nv‡Z Lwo †`Iqv
nq †h Abyôv‡b
nv‡Z- nv‡Z I Kj‡g †mvbvi †mvbvi evsjv Mv‡qnjy` Mv‡q njy` †`Iqv
Kj‡g evsjv nq †h Abyôv
c‡_- c‡_ I cÖvšÍ‡i †Nvovi wWg †Nvovi wWg cv‡q †ewo cv‡q †ewo hvi
cÖvšÍ‡i
e‡b- e‡b I ev`v‡o †mvbvi †mvbvi cÖwZgv Mjvq Mjvq MvgQv hvi
ev`v‡o cÖwZgv MvgQv
mv‡c- mv‡c I †bD‡j Kjyi ej` Kjyi ej` nv‡Z-Qwo nv‡Z Qwo hvi
†bD‡j
nv‡Z-cv‡q nv‡Z I cv‡q †Pv‡Li evwj †Pv‡Li evwj Kv‡b-Kjg Kv‡b Kjg hvi
 wKQz weåvwšÍ

ÔMv‡qnjy`Õ

gybxi †PŠayix I Ab¨vb¨ iwPZ beg-`kg †kÖwYi Ôevsjv fvlvi e¨vKiYÕ MÖ‡š’i
68 c„ôvq ÔMv‡qnjy`Õ kãwU‡K ga¨c`‡jvcx eûeªxwn mgv‡mi D`vniY wn‡m‡e
†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
W. nvqvr gvgy` ÔD”PZi ¯^wbf©i weï× fvlv-wkÿvÕ MÖ‡š’i (GKzkZg ms¯‹iY,
†g 2019) 336 c„ôvq ÔMv‡q-njy`Õ mg¯Íc‡`i c~e©c` I cic‡`i gv‡S
nvB‡db (-) w`‡q wj‡L‡Qb Ges GwU‡K AjyK eûeªxwn mgv‡mi D`vniY
wn‡m‡e †`wL‡q‡Qb|
W. †mŠwgÎ †kLi Ôevsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wRÁvmvÕ MÖ‡š’i (GwcÖj, 2018) 87
c„ôvq ÔMv‡qnjy`Õ kã‡K AjyK eûeªxwn mgv‡mi D`vniY wn‡m‡e †`wL‡q‡Qb|
ÔMv‡qnjy`Õ k‡ãi e¨vmevK¨ n‡jv ÔMv‡q njy` †`Iqv nq †h Abyôv‡bÕ| GwU
eûeªxwn mgvm, G wel‡q Kv‡iv wØgZ †bB| wKš‘ GwU wK ga¨c`‡jvcx bv wK
AjyK eûeªxwn?
gv‡Si ev e¨vmev‡K¨i GKvwaK c` †jvc †c‡j Zv‡K ga¨c`‡jvcx eûeªxwn
mgvm nq| GB wbq‡g ÔMv‡qnjy`Õ ga¨c`‡jvcx eûeªxwn| wKš‘ e¨vmev‡K¨ ÔMv‡qÕ
kãwUi wefw³ (G) †jvc cvqwb| †h‡nZz wefw³ †jvc cvqwb, myZivs GwU
AjyK eûeªxwn mgvm|
wbR¯^ gZ :
†h‡nZz mgvm k‡ãi A_© wgjb, ms‡ÿcb, GKvwaK c‡`i GKc`xKiY
†m‡nZz e¨vmev‡K¨i GKvwaK c‡`i wgj‡b ev ms‡ÿc‡b mg¯Íc` MwVZ nq|
ÔMv‡qnjy`Õ kãwU‡ZI GKvwaK c‡`i GKc`xKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz
e¨vmev‡K¨i ÔMv‡qÕ kãwUi wefw³ (G) †jvc cvqwb †m‡nZz wefw³ †jvc bv
cvIqvi ˆewkó¨‡K cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv DwPr| A_©vr GLv‡b gv‡Si c` ev
Ab¨vb¨ c` †jvc cvIqvi †P‡qI wefw³ †jvc bv cvIqv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ZvB
ÔMv‡qnjy`Õ AjyK eûeªxwn mgvm e‡j Avgvi Kv‡Q g‡b nq|
 ÔP›`ªgyLÕ, ÔPuv`gyLÕ, ÔgyLP›`ªÕ

 ÔP›`ªÕ ms¯‹…Z kã| Gi Z™¢e iƒc n‡jv ÔPuv`Õ| myZivs hv ÔP›`ªgyLÕ Zv-B
ÔPuv`gyLÕ|

gybxi †PŠayix I Ab¨vb¨ iwPZ beg-`kg †kÖwYi Ôevsjv fvlvi e¨vKiYÕ MÖ‡š’i
63 c„ôvq ÔP›`ªgyLÕ kãwU‡K DcwgZ Kg©aviq mgv‡mi D`vniY wn‡m‡e
†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
W. nvqvr gvgy` ÔD”PZi ¯^wbf©i weï× fvlv-wkÿvÕ MÖ‡š’i (GKzkZg ms¯‹iY,
†g 2019) 339 c„ôvq ÔPuv`gyLÕ I ÔgyLP›`ªÕ Dfq‡K DcwgZ Kg©aviq
mgv‡mi D`vniY wn‡m‡e †`wL‡q‡Qb|
beg-`kg †kÖwYi Rb¨ †evW© KZ…©K cÖ`Ë Ôevsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZÕ MÖ‡š’
ÔP›`ªgyLÕ kã‡K DcwgZ Kg©aviq mgv‡m †i‡L‡Q|
evsjv GKv‡Wwg cÖwgZ evsjv e¨envwiK e¨vKiYÕ MÖ‡š’ ÔgyLP›`ªÕ I ÔPuv`gyLÕ
Dfq‡K DcwgZ Kg©aviq wn‡m‡e †`wL‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ ÔPuv`gyLÕ‡K Avevi iƒcK
Kg©aviq mgv‡mI †i‡L‡Qb|
Gw`‡K W. †mŠwgÎ †kLi hyw³ w`‡q †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, ÔP›`ªgyLÕ iƒcK Kg©aviq mgvm Ges
ÔgyLP›`ªÕ DcwgZ Kg©aviq| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, ÔPuv`gyL/P›`ªgyLÕ iƒcK Kg©aviq Ges ÔgyLP›`ªÕ
DcwgZ Kg©aviq mgvm| ÔP›`ªgyLÕ-G P›`ª ev Puv‡`i †mŠ›`‡h©i (Ae¯‘) m‡½ gy‡Li (e¯‘)
†mŠ›`‡h©i A‡f` Kíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Puv‡`i AvKv‡ii m‡½ (Aek¨ Puv‡`i AvKvi c„w_ex
†_‡K Kv‡¯Í, Aa©e„Ë, †Mvj BZ¨vw` bvbviƒc †`Lv hvq) Zzjbv Kiv nqwb| Ab¨w`‡K ÔgyLP›`ªÕ
ej‡Z ÔgyL P‡›`ªi b¨vqÕ my›`i †evSvq| GLv‡b P›`ª †mŠ›`‡h©i (we‡kl¨) cÖZxK| †Mvj ev
Kv‡¯Íi AvK…wZ GLv‡b †evSv‡bv n‡”Q bv| A‡bK MÖ‡š’ ÔgyLP›`ª = gyL P‡›`ªi b¨vqÕ ÔPvu`gyL
= Puv‡`i b¨vq gyLÕ wj‡L DfqB DcwgZ Kg©aviq e‡j D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q (`ªóe¨ : nijvj
ivq : ÔD”PZi evvKiY I fvlvÕ)| wKš‘ G `y‡Uv †Zv GK n‡Z cv‡i bv| G cÖm‡½ RM`xk
†Nvl iwPZ ÔAvaywbK evsjv e¨vKi‡YÕ (1940) my¯úó D‡jøL Av‡Q, ÔP›`ªgyLÕ iƒcK Kg©aviq
mgvm| (evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wRÁvmv, c„ôv : 84, GwcÖj, 2018)
wbR¯^ gZ :
gyLP›`ª G‡j †Kv‡bv wPšÍv QvovB DcwgZ Kg©aviq w`‡eb| Avi
P›`ªgyL/Puv`gyL G‡jI DcwgZ Kg©aviq w`‡eb, hw` DcwgZ bv _v‡K Z‡e
iƒcK w`‡eb| GKK_vq Puv` I gy‡Li Zzjbv G‡jB DcwgZ Kg©aviq
w`‡eb|
 Ô†ZZjv/†`vZjvÕ

evRv‡i cÖPwjZ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv eB‡q Ô†ZZjv/†`vZjvÕ‡K wظ mgv‡mi

D`vniY †`b| G‡ÿ‡Î Zviv hyw³ †`b †h Ô†ZZjv/†`vZjvÕ ej‡Z wZb Zj
ev `yB Z‡ji mgvnvi †evSv‡bv n‡”Q| wKš‘ Avm‡j wK ZvB? GKUz wPšÍv K‡i
†`Lyb †Zv| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Ô†ZZjv/†`vZjvÕ ej‡Z wZb ev `yB Zj wewkó
†h‡Kv‡bv wKQz‡K †evSv‡bv nq| †mUv GKUv evwo n‡Z cv‡i, GKUv evm n‡Z
cv‡i, GKUv RvnvR n‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr wZb ev `yB Zj wewkó †h‡Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K
†evSv‡bv n‡”Q|
evsjv GKv‡Wwg cÖwgZ evsjv e¨envwiK e¨vKiYÕ MÖ‡š’i 204 c„ôvq (wØZxq
gy`ªY, 2018) Ô‡ZZjvÕ I †`vZjvÕ‡K msL¨vevPK eûeªxwn wn‡m‡e †`wL‡q‡Qb|

W. nvqvr gvgy` ÔD”PZi ¯^wbf©i weï× fvlv-wkÿvÕ MÖ‡š’i (GKzkZg ms¯‹iY,

†g 2019) 336 c„ôvq Ô†ZZjvÕ‡K msL¨vevPK eûeªxwn wn‡m‡e †`wL‡qQ|

wbR¯^ gZ : Ô†ZZjv/†`vZjvÕ Aek¨B msL¨vevPK eûeªxwn mgvm|

  A_© I e¨vmev‡K¨i cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y GKB c‡`i GKvwaK
mgvm n‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb :

mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg

cxZv¤^i cxZ A¤^i eûeªxwn cxZv¤^i cxZ †h A¤^i Kg©aviq
hvi
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg
bxjv¤^i bxj †h eûeªxwn bxjv¤^i bxj †h Kg©aviq
A¤^i A¤^i

mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg

Miwgj wgj †bB eûeªxwn Miwgj wg‡ji Ae¨qxfve
hv‡Z Afve
Miwgj †bB wgj bT& ... ... ...
Zrcyiæl
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg
nvZNwo nv‡Zi Rb¨ PZz_x© nvZNwo nv‡Z civ ga¨c`‡jv
Nwo Zrcyiæl nq †h Nwo cx Kg©aviq

mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg

g›`fvM¨ g›` †h Kg©aviq g›`fvM¨ g›` fvM¨ eûeªxwn
fvM¨ hvi
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg
KPzKvUv KPzi g‡Zv Dcgvb KPzKvUv KPz‡K KvUv wØZxqv
KvUv Kg©aviq Zrcyiæl

mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg

Avgiv †m, Zzwg I GK‡kl Avgiv Zzwg, Avwg wbZ¨
Avwg Ø›Ø I †m
mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg mg¯Íc` e¨vmevK¨ mgv‡mi bvg
beiZœ be (bZzb) Kg©aviq beiZœ be (bq) wbZ¨
†h iZœ i‡Zœi
mgvni
beiZœ be iZœ