ACTIVITY No. 1.

2
CE 146 – Civil Engineering Project 2

Political Development of such freedoms as association and

Broadly, the development of the
institutions, attitudes, and values that form
the political power system of a society.
Political development has been defined in
many ways that reflect the passage of
societies' and analysts' preoccupations.
One formulation dwell on the
emergence of national sovereignty and
the integrity of the state, demanding respect,
and upholding commitments in the
international system. Others identify the
domestic attributes of constitutional order
and political stability, attained through the
formation of a settled framework of
government, reliable procedures for
leadership succession, and a consolidation
of the territorial administrative reach of
government institutions. This conspectus
owes to the fascination exerted by nation‐
building and state‐building in new states of
Africa and Asia. It also relates to earlier
studies of legal‐rational authority: an
endowment of coercive powers and
the ability to command obedience.
The establishment of bureaucracy,
displaying characteristics like division of
labor and functional specialization, hierarchy
and chain of command, and merit‐based
recruitment, is connected.
Political development enhances the
state's capacity to mobilize and allocate
resources, to process policy inputs into
implementable outputs. This assists with
problem‐solving and adaptation to
environmental changes and goalrealization.
The contemporary notion of good
governance also dwells on efficient,
effective, and non‐corrupt public
administration. Many Marxists define
political development in advanced industrial
societies in terms of the growth of the class
consciousness and political organization of
the proletariat, leading, ultimately, to the
overthrow of capitalism and the approach of
communism. A more common (though
ethnocentric) and currently very fashionable
view is progress towards liberal democracy,
involving accountable government, and
opportunities for participation (also seen by
some as an aspect of modernization, rather
than development), through the exercise
Compiled by: Engr. Rodrigo T. Templado for Classroom use only (June 1985)
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expression. Linkages between economic
progress and political development are
much debated. The former has traditionally
been seen as a begetter or facilitator of the
latter, through the agency of intervening
variables like the spread of literacy and rise
of plural interest groups, the accumulation of
independent financial power and economic
strength in society.
Cross‐cutting cleavages created by
economic specialization and differentiation
moderate social conflict. More recently
democratization and good governance have
been portrayed both as constitutive of
political development and as conditions for
sustained economic development in
developing areas and post‐communist
societies. The rule of law (and thus respect
for property rights) and the development of
civil society are also included although the
relationships with democratization are not
well understood. For example, there is a
debate over sequencing, over whether the
rule of law and some amount of
associational life must exist before
movement towards liberal democracy
becomes truly possible. The embedding of
human rights is another central plank. The
enduring problem of political development
for some divided societies, as in former
Yugoslavia and especially in what the World
Bank calls low-income countries under
stress, remains how to combine political
stability with political liberalization and
democratization. Another challenge is
safeguarding democratic transition and
consolidation amid drastic economic
restructuring (see structural adjustment),
where that engenders popular
dissatisfaction and threatens a rise in
political extremism. Political development
touches not just on formal constitutional and
organizational arrangements but also on
such informal institutions as actual political
relationships, for example patron clientelism.
Thus, changes in attitudes and political
culture are relevant too. All this places’ limits
on how far political development can be
imported or imposed from without.
What is the political development?
Ultimately, political development can be
defined as an increase in national political
unity and an increase in political
participation.
What are the agents of political
development?
Agents of socialization, sometimes
referred to as institutions, work together to
influence and shape people's political and
economic norms and values. Such
institutions include, but are not limited to:
families, media, peers, schools, religions,
work and legal systems.
What is political modernization and
development?
Political modernization (also spelled
as political modernisation; Chinese: 政治現
代化), refers to the process of development
and evolution from a lower to a higher level,
in which a country's constitutional system
and political life moves from superstition of
authority, autocracy and the rule of man to
rationality, autonomy ...
What is social and political development?
SPD is the process by which
individuals acquire the knowledge, analytical
skills, emotional faculties, and the capacity
for action in political and social systems
necessary to interpret and resist oppression.
Which is the most important indicator of
political development?
The effectiveness of bureaucracy is
one of the most important indicators of
political development.
What is the concept of development in
political economy?
The Political Economy and
Development track studies how the interplay
between the economic system, politics, and
institutions allocates resources and
generates incentives. Topics include
markets, poverty, welfare, inequality,
taxation, regimes, transitions, growth,
ethnicity, religion, and culture.
What are the characteristics of
development in political science?
3 Important Characteristics of “Political
Development”
(1) Equality:
(2) Capacity:
(3) Differentiation and Specializations:
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What is the role of government in
development?
In the early stages of sustained
growth, government has often provided
incentives for entrepreneurship to take hold.
In some economies the development of
transportation, power, and other utilities has
been carried out by then government. In
others the government has offered financial
inducements and subsidies.
What do you mean by political?
Politics (from Greek: Πολιτικά,
politiká, 'affairs of the cities') is the set of
activities that are associated with making
decisions in groups, or other forms of power
relations among individuals, such as the
distribution of resources or status.
What is politics in simple words?
Politics is the way that people living in
groups make decisions.
Politics is about making agreements
between people so that they
can live together in groups such as tribes,
cities, or countries. In large groups, such as
countries, some people may spend a lot of
their time making such agreements.
What is political development approach in
comparative politics?
According to Alfred Diamont, “political
development is a process which aims at a
particular condition, but one which creates
an institutional framework for solving an
ever-widening range of social problems”.
What is the importance of development?
As well as creating better jobs,
development is important for a country
because it improves business and trade. As
country because it improves business and
trade. As countries develop more
international companies move in and trade
with other countries grows. This further
improves the country’s economy and also
further increases the range of good jobs on
offer.
How is social development related to
political development?
These social changes imply political
changes. Greater proportions of the
population find themselves in life situations
which lead to increased political information,
political awareness, sense of personal
political efficacy, and other relevant
attitudes.
What are the main points in developing How can the government contribute to
political skills? the development of the community?
6 Characteristics Associated with Political Local governments can initiate a
Skills community's economic planning efforts, to
build on their official community plan and
1. Social astuteness.
role of shaping community growth and
2. Interpersonal influence. determining land use. Local government
functions that influence economic
3. Networking ability. development and planning include Planning
4. Thinking before speaking. and zoning bylaws. Taxation.

5. Managing up. What is the Role of Local Government?

6. Apparent sincerity. Local Governments and Economic

Development Strategy
What is political sustainable
development? Local governments are key in leading or
supporting the creation of
The Brundtland Commission defined an economic development strategy. The
sustainable development as “development strategy's success will have a direct effect on
that meets the needs of the present without a community's tax base. The goal is to
compromising the ability of future provide revenue to maintain, grow and
generations to meet their own improve local infrastructure and community
needs”. services.
What are the main features of Local governments can initiate a
development? community's economic planning efforts, to
These are: build on their official community plan and
role of shaping community growth and
• It is a continuous process. determining land use.
• It follows a particular pattern like Local government functions that influence
infancy, childhood, adolescence, economic development and planning
maturity. include:
• Most traits are correlated in Planning and zoning bylaws
development.
Taxation
• It is the result of interaction between
individuals and environment. • Local business support

• It is predictable. • Collaborating between communities

and in the larger region
• It is both quantitative and qualitative.
• Accessing and using programs
What are the elements of development? offered by provincial and federal
governments.
These are (l) human resources, (2) natural
resources, (3) capital formation, and (4) • Advocating for community economic
technology: These four wheels operate in development priorities with
rich and poor countries, although the mix governments and industry
and strategy for combining them will differ
depending on the state of development. The benefits of local government activities
that support economic development
What is government policy include:
development?
Helping create and keep stable, well-paying
Strategy and Policy Development involves jobs in the community
planning how to develop, draft, and prepare
for enactment of your policy. Improving the quality of life by providing:
2.1. Improved services
2.2. Environmental and recreational
areas

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 2.3 Cultural and social activities
Promoting Economic Development
Local governments can promote economic
development by:
• Keeping your community members
informed and include them
whenever possible in the
decision making and marketing of
the community.
• Promoting the growth of all economic
sectors in the region
• Encouraging sustainable business
practices
• Creating an official community plan
and a strategic plan
• Developing, using and promoting
business retention strategies
• Identify and market the community's
assets.
• Creating projects that support
economic development.
• Acting as point of contact for possible
investors; providing accurate
information, encouragement and
support.
• Championing current economic
development plans; reviewing and
updating as needed
• Identifying key members for boards
and assignments
• Working with and supporting
economic development officers
• Building a shared understanding with
the community that economic
development is a long-term process
and success must be measured over
time.
Sustainable Development.
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals:
No Poverty.
With a projected global poverty rate of 7% in
2030, the equivalent of 598,394,116 people,
this UN goal aims to end poverty of all kinds.
The COVID-19 conflict set back poverty
reduction progress.
Zero Hunger.
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As of 2020, 2.37 billion people are without
food or unable to eat a healthy balanced diet,
hence the goal of zero hunger. “Zero
Hunger” sets out to end hunger, achieve
food security, improve nutrition, and promote
sustainable agriculture. The global
pandemic has only worsened global hunger,
seeing as many as 161 million additional
people will experience hunger as a result.
Regarding women, 1/3 of those at a
reproductive age experience Anemia due to
nutritional deficiencies.
Good Health and Well-Being.
With a focus on increasing life expectancy
and reducing common children and maternal
diseases and killers, this goal targets
ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-
being for all ages. The global pandemic has
only made health disparities more apparent,
halting and even reducing life-expectancy
progress.
Quality Education.
This goal ensures inclusive and equitable
quality education and promotes lifelong
learning for all. Sadly, COVID-19 reversed
years of education gains, and many
countries lack basic school infrastructure.
in education
Gender Equality.
SDG 5 targets to achieve gender equality
and empower all women and girls. The
percentage of women who work in national
parliaments, local governments, and in
managerial positions is still significantly less
than that of men. Not to mention 1 in 3
women are subject to
Clean Water and Sanitation.
The availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation
ensures safe water for drinking, sanitation,
and hygiene, yet 2.3 billion people live in
water-stressed countries.
Affordable and Clean Energy.
Almost 800 million people lack access to
electricity and 1/3 of the population uses
dangerous cooking systems. This puts into
perspective why this goal aims to ensure
affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern
energy.
Decent Work and Economic Growth.
Especially after the global pandemic,
joblessness and unemployment is
extremely prevalent, making this goal of sustainable development. We, as a
promoting sustained, inclusive, and population, rely heavily on our oceans for
sustainable economic growth and productive food, tourism, recreational activities, and
employment and decent work ever more global trade. In fact, 3 billion people rely on
important. the ocean for their livelihood. However, our
oceans are under severe threat. Over half of
Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
key marine biodiversity areas are
Resilient infrastructure, inclusive and unprotected, and dead zones, zones lacking
sustainable industrialization, and innovation oxygen to support marine life, are rising. It is
is the objective of this sustainable thus imperative we protect our oceans
development goal. Enhancing rural road better.
connectivity, increasing research and
Life on Land.
development investment, and manufacturing
high tech products helps stabilize This goal overall promotes the health of land
infrastructure. life. It includes protecting, restoring, and
promoting land ecosystems, managing
Reduced Inequalities.
forests sustainably. Combatting
This sustainable development goal focuses desertification and halting and reversing
on reducing inequalities within and among land degradation and biodiversity loss. With
countries. Income inequality, the refugee many species under threat and ever-
crises, and inequality indexes all show that increasing biodiversity loss, it is essential we
certain areas and countries are highly more take better care of land ecosystems.
beneficial to live in than others. Living
Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
standards between countries are very
unbalanced policies to reduce inequality, This goal involves reducing conflict,
wage and fiscal equality, better financial insecurity, and weak institutions by means of
market and institution regulation, legitimate promoting peace and inclusivity for
institutions that represent developing sustainable development and justice for all.
countries in global decisions, and safe
Partnership for the Goals
migration.
This last goal aims to help realize strong
Sustainable Cities and Communities.
partnership and global cooperation for the
This goal promotes making cities and human SDGs.
settlements safer, resilient, and sustainable
What Is the 2030 Agenda?
through use of national urban policies, more
access to public spaces, convenient public The 17 goals came with the adaptation of the
transportation, and the reduction of slums. 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
which was adopted by all United Nations
Member States in 2015. These goals are
Responsible Consumption and associated with this
Production. agenda. The 2030 Agenda “is a plan of
action for people, planet, and prosperity,”
Ensuring sustainable consumption and
and the goals show the dedication of the UN
production patterns, as a goal, aims to
to this plan of action.
reduce climate change and negative
environmental impacts.
Climate Action.
Climate action is a goal involving the fight
against climate change and its impacts.
Rising greenhouse gas emissions, an
average global temperature increase, and
increased spending due to climate change
are all negative results of climate change.
Life Below Water.
The Life Below Water goal focuses on
conserving and sustainably using our
oceans, seas, and marine resources for
Compiled by: Engr. Rodrigo T. Templado for Classroom use only (June 1985)
This works can be reproduce by Students who are currently enrolled the subject “only for their classroom
activities and not for their intention to sell or for whatever profit purposes”.