Lecture04

JheoYem:
and A,B
Let (x, )
S X. Then
be a topological
spAce

i)
Ext(A)is the Latgest open
subset of A.
u)Ext (AUB) :Ext(A) Ext(B) 0

u)Ext(A) Ext (8)s Ext (A08)

U

Ext (A):int(AS)
v) Ext (A)=int(A)
vi) Ext(4) int(X) -

v) Ext(X): int(4)

Proof
Ext(A)is largest
open
subsetof A?
Let xEe Ext(A)
X int(A)
E

xE A

Ext(A) e A

Now,iweknow that
Eat (A) = (A) int

> inteioxis
longestopen subsetof A.
So,Ext (A)is lagast
qen subset ofA
 Ext (AvB)- Ext(A)N Ext(6)
Let,
XE Ext(AUB)
x E int(AU8)
x E int(A°A8°)

xE int(A)Aint(8')
X Ext
(A) n E t(8)
E

So, Ext(AUB) c Ext (A)0Ext(6)

Now et,
xE Ert(A)nExt (8)

%E (A)int 8)
int a

xint(A°n8) e

aE int(Av8)
%e txt(AUB)
So, (B) Ext (AUB)
Ext(A)0Ext

Elom nd
Ext(AUB) = Ext(A)A Ext(B)

Ext(A]UExt(B) Ext(Aa8)
Let,
x E Ext(A) U Ext (8)
(A)Uint
int (8)
 xE int (A uB)
xE int(AnB)

So, Ext (A)U Ext (8) eE(A0B)

Ext(A) int
Let, XE Ext(A)
:
(A)
XE (A)
int
Ext (A)eint(AS)

Now, let xE int(A)

XE (A)
Ext
nt(A)sExt(A)

Using o and
Ext (A) int(A)

A)
Ext(A)= int
Let, xE Ext (A9)
xE int (A)
) Ext IAS)E int(A)
 Now, ot x E int (A)
XE Ext(A)
= int(A) E Ext (A )

Ext(A9) nt(A)

Ext(4) int
(x) =
Let.
E int (o)
E int|X)
Ext(d)cint(x)
Now lot,x€ int(x)
X E Ext(x)
xE Ext (o)
int(x) s Ext (o)
Ext () = int
(X)

Ext(x) int(¢)
Let xE Ext (x)
XE int(x)
xE int(6) => Extx
Ext(x) e int($)
Now let,x€ intlo)

xE Extx).
int(¢) s Ext(X)
Jheotemn:
(x,)be a
Let space
topalogical
and A,BsX.Then,
) F,
(A) - nAS
ii) E,
(A) = Ã -A°
ii) A A° UE,(A)
iv) F,(AUB) F,(A)U F,(8)
v) A has empty bmundasyiffit
is bath open and closed.
Proof:
F,
(A) = NÃ
LetxeF,(A)
Bydefnitin
&y each open setcontaining
x intensects A.
XE D(A)
E A

Alsa,by def;
XE D(A9)
XE A

As,
& x E AS
xEA0 A
 let
Cnveusly,

Sa, XE A
This showsthat evey penset
contaninq A
x intesect a A.
both.
E F,(A)
A0A F(A)

F,(A)= A Q A

F,
(A) = A-A°
Let, xE F,(A)
AnA
A n(A
E A &

xE A & x A

let
Conensly
XE A-A
xEA xt & A

XE A & xÉ (A)

XE F,
CA)
A-A° S E,(A)
By 0K F(A)=A-A
 AA = A°UF,(A)
(A) OA
F, s=

Also,
A A
By D andO: A°UF,(A)
e A

let
Covessly,
XE A

Using i) x€
->XEA'UF,(A)
A

|
xA
x A OA Byii
I€ F,(A)
xEA UE, (A)

A A° U F(A)
E,(AUB) s F,(A)U E,(8)
Let xE F(AU8)
Then by de f, xx
each epen set containing
tntersects AU8 and (AVB)
U
AUB)0U
(AQU) u(BnU)
>AnUt0 or BOUt
By 0 and
& ANU
&
xE A n A

XE F (A)
Sini laslyxE
Ey (B)
So, F,(A) U F (B)
x €

F(AUB) = F,(A)U F,(B)

A has empty boundayiffit
bothopen and closed.
t
Let A has empty boundasy ie.
F (A) =

A &
AE A°
AS A
But A e So A- But Ae so,A=A
This'shows that A This sheNS that A is
is closed. ed,so_Aisopen
clas

Hence, A is both open and closed.

Conversly det , A is open and closed.
Then,
AnA =