Liquids, L1

The Three States of matter and their distinction at

different levels
Types of Intermolecular forces present in Liquid State

● Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction

● Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction
● Dipole-Dipole Interaction
Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction
 Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole
Interaction or London Forces or
Dispersive Forces
Value of London Dispersion Force between two dissimilar
molecules
Polarizability

The polarizability of a molecule is a measure of its ability to

respond to an electric field and acquire an electric dipole
moment p
Consequences
of
London
Forces
Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction
A dipole-induced dipole attraction is a weak attraction
that results when a polar molecule induces a dipole in
an atom or in a non-polar molecule by disturbing the
arrangement of electrons in the non-polar species. The
dipole–induced-dipole interaction, depends on the
presence of a polar molecule.
Examples of Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction
Energy of interaction
Consequences of Dipole-Induced Dipole interaction

● The noble gases are not soluble in water. The solubility in water
increases as the size of noble gases increases. Noble gas is soluble in
water due to the dipole-induced dipole interaction. As the size of
noble gas increases, the gas can be easily polarized by water and
distort the electrons.
● The solubilities of nonpolar gases in water generally increase as the
molecular mass of the gas increases. This is precisely the trend
expected: as the gas molecules become larger, the strength of the
solvent–solute interactions due to London dispersion forces increases,
approaching the strength of the solvent–solvent interactions.
Dipole-Dipole Interaction
Dipole-Dipole interaction force
Effects of Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Dipole–dipole interaction is the most important intermolecular interaction and

helps with solubilization of drugs in water. The dipole results from an
unequal sharing of electron pairs in covalent bonding. The unequal sharing of
electron pairs occurs because of the electronegativity difference between
bonded atoms.
Assignment
Q. Which pair of molecules has the strongest dipole-dipole
interactions?

● A. NH3 and CH4

● B. CH4 and CH4
● C. CO3 and CO2
● D. NH3 and NH3
Based on the following statements I and IS, select the correct answer from the codes
given.

Statement I : Three states of matter are the result of balance between intermolecular
forces and thermal energy of the molecules.

Statement II : Intermolecular forces tend to keep the molecules together but thermal
energy of molecules tends to keep them apart.

● A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct
explanation of Statement I
● B. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is not the correct
explanation of Statement I
● C. Statement I is correct but Statement il is incorrect
● D. Statement II is correct but Statement I is incorrect
What types of intermolecular forces are acting in the following phases of matter?

a.N2(g)

a) Ion-Ion b) Ion-Dipole c) Dipole-Dipole d) Dispersion Forces

b.NaCl(s)

a) Ion-Ion b) Ion-Dipole c) Dipole-Dipole d) Dispersion Forces

c.NaCl(aq)

a) Ion-Ion b) Ion-Dipole c) Dipole-Dipole d) Dispersion Forces

d.He(g)

a) Ion-Ion b) Ion-Dipole c)Dipole-Dipole d)Dispersion Forces

e.H2O(l)
a) Ion-Ion b) Ion-Dipole c) Dipole-Dipole d) Dispersion Forces

f.Air
a) Ion-Ion b) Ion-Dipole c)Dipole-Dipole d)Dispersion Forces

g.NH3 (aq)
a) Ion-Ion b) Ion-Dipole c)Dipole-Dipole d)Dispersion Forces

h.MgSO4 (s)
a) Ion-Ion b) Ion-Dipole c) Dipole-Dipole d) Dispersion Forces

i.Heptane (C7H16 (l))

a) Ion-Ion b) Ion-Dipole c)Dipole-Dipole d)Dispersion Forces
Thanks for your attention