The Influence of The Nyi roro kidul Myth on Society’s Perception

Devi Natalia Aritonang, Jonatan Mangihut Tua Siahaan, Lila Fahliana Hafni, Ananda
Azzahra
English Education Department, Language and Art Faculty
Universitas Negeri Medan-Indonesia
deviarios29@gmail.com, jonatansiahaan05@gmail.com,
fahlianalila@gmail.com, anandaazzhara06@gmail.com

Abstract

This research explores the semiotic analysis of cultural narratives through Carl Gustav
Jung’s analytical psychology. Jung’s concepts, including the collective unconscious,
archetypes, and individuation, provide a framework for understanding cultural and individual
narratives. The study focuses on the myth of Nyi Roro Kidul, a significant figure in Indonesian
folklore, to examine its impact on societal perceptions. By integrating Jung’s views on myths
with post-modern psychological perspectives, the research aims to highlight the relevance and
application of archetypal analysis in contemporary contexts. The study investigates how
universal psychological structures are reflected in cultural myths and stories, specifically how
the Nyi Roro Kidul archetype influences social behavior and beliefs. This theoretical
integration offers insights into the enduring significance of these myths and their role in
maintaining cultural identity and continuity in modern society. Moreover, the research
employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to uncover the psychological and social
mechanisms through which the Nyi Roro Kidul myth shapes behaviors. This comprehensive
approach ensures a rich understanding of the myth’s influence on modern social perceptions,
particularly among the youth. Through robust data collection, including internet-based and
library research, the study analyzes linguistic elements of texts, oral traditions, and digital
communications referencing Nyi Roro Kidul. Document analysis involves reviewing existing
literature and digital sources to explore cultural and social phenomena. The findings aim to
fill the research gap by providing a deeper understanding of the myth’s contemporary impact
on social norms and practices, thereby contributing to cultural preservation and social
development. By systematically reviewing documents related to the myth, examining historical
records, folklore texts, and contemporary digital media, the study provides a nuanced
understanding of how myths like Nyi Roro Kidul influence modern societal attitudes and
behaviors. The findings underscore the myth’s significance in shaping cultural identity and
social norms, offering valuable insights into the interplay between traditional beliefs and
contemporary social structures.

Keyword :Semiotic analysis, cultural narratives, Carl Gustav Jung, analytical psychology,
collective unconscious, archetypes, individuation, Nyi Roro Kidul, Indonesian folklore,
societal perceptions, myths, archetypal analysis, psychological structures, social behavior,
cultural identity, continuity, qualitative methods, quantitative methods, document analysis,
social norms, cultural preservation, social development, traditional beliefs, contemporary
contexts.

Introduction
Indonesia’s cultural landscape is profoundly shaped by its rich heritage of myths and legends,
particularly the myth of Nyi Roro Kidul, the Queen of the Southern Sea. Rooted in Javanese
tradition, this powerful spirit is both revered and feared along Java’s southern coast, influencing
various aspects of daily life, including social practices and community rituals. Nyi Roro Kidul’s
myth extends beyond mere folklore; it is integral to Javanese cultural identity and social norms,
as evidenced by the rituals and customs performed to appease her.
Modern interpretations of Nyi Roro Kidul’s myth illustrate its enduring relevance. This legend
is integrated into tourism and local cultural industries, enhancing cultural tourism and ensuring
its transmission to future generations. Despite extensive literature on the cultural and social
significance of Nyi Roro Kidul, there is limited research on how these beliefs influence modern
social perceptions and behaviors.
This study explores the influence of the Nyi Roro Kidul myth on contemporary social
perceptions among the people of Java. By examining qualitative and quantitative data, the
research seeks to uncover the psychological and social mechanisms through which this myth
shapes behaviors, contributing to a deeper understanding of the role of myths in shaping social
norms.

Preliminary Data
The research on the influence of Nyi Roro Kidul’s myth, particularly among the youth, was
grounded in a robust data collection methodology encompassing both qualitative and
quantitative approaches. The study utilized internet-based data collection and library research,
chosen for its efficiency in gathering large and diverse data samples (Benfield & Szlemko,
2006). This method involved accessing a wide range of online journals, articles, and digital
sources discussing the cultural and social implications of the myth. Additionally, significant
data collection included linguistic analysis of texts, oral traditions, and digital communications
referencing Nyi Roro Kidul. This comprehensive approach ensured a rich and diverse data set
essential for uncovering underlying patterns and themes.
One of the primary data collection techniques employed was document analysis. This method
involved systematically reviewing and evaluating existing documents related to Nyi Roro
Kidul’s myth. According to Bowen (2009), document analysis is particularly useful for
qualitative studies relying on existing literature and digital sources to explore cultural and social
phenomena. This method allowed researchers to extract relevant information from a variety of
sources, including historical records, folklore texts, and contemporary digital communications.

Research Gap
Despite the extensive literature on the cultural and social significance of Nyi Roro Kidul, there
is a noticeable gap in research exploring how these beliefs influence modern social perceptions
and behaviors. Previous studies have predominantly focused on historical and cultural aspects,
leaving a void in understanding the contemporary impact of this myth on social norms and
practices.

Purpose of the Research

The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of the Nyi Roro Kidul myth on
contemporary social perceptions among the people of Java. The study aims to explore the
psychological and social mechanisms through which this myth shapes behaviors and contributes
to a deeper understanding of the role of myths in shaping social norms. By examining both
qualitative and quantitative data, this research seeks to uncover the extent to which Nyi Roro
Kidul’s myth influences modern societal attitudes and practices.

Problem Formulation

1. Influence on Social Perceptions : How does the myth of Nyi Roro Kidul influence
social perceptions in contemporary Javanese society?

2. Psychological Impacts : What are the psychological impacts of these beliefs on

individuals within the community?

3. Interaction with Modern Social Structures : How do these myths interact with modern
social structures and norms?

Objective of the Research

The main objective of this research is to analyze the influence of the Nyi Roro Kidul myth on
people’s social perceptions and behaviors in Java. Specifically, it aims to:

1. Prevalence in Contemporary Society : Investigate the extent to which these beliefs are
prevalent in contemporary society.
 2. Psychological and Social Mechanisms : Understand the psychological and social
mechanisms through which these beliefs affect individual and collective behaviors.

3. Implications for Cultural Preservation and Social Development : Provide a

comprehensive analysis of the implications of these beliefs for cultural preservation and
social development.

Literature Review

Semiotics

Semiotics, the study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior, explores
how meaning is constructed and understood through various sign systems, including linguistic
and non-linguistic elements. Umberto Eco, a prominent figure in this field, emphasizes that
semiotics does not focus on specific types of objects but rather on how ordinary objects
function as signs within a system of communication. This perspective highlights the role of
social conventions in the interpretation of signs (Eco, 1976). In semiotics, terms like
denotation and connotation describe the relationship between the signifier and its signified.
Denotation refers to the literal or commonsense meaning of a sign, widely accepted by
members of the same society, while connotation pertains to the socio-cultural and personal
associations of the sign, influenced by factors such as class, age, gender, and ethnicity
(Chandler, 2007). Connotations are more susceptible to interpretation than denotations and
depend on the interpreter’s access to certain cultural codes.

Ethnolinguistics

Ethnolinguistics examines the relationship between language and culture, focusing on how
language reflects and influences social behaviors and cultural norms. This interdisciplinary
field combines aspects of anthropology, linguistics, and cultural studies to understand how
language shapes and is shaped by cultural practices and societal structures (Duranti, 1997).
Ethnolinguistics is crucial for understanding how myths and legends, such as those about Nyi
Roro Kidul, are transmitted and preserved through language across generations. By studying
the linguistic aspects of these myths, researchers can gain insights into how cultural values and
societal norms are communicated and maintained within a community.
Myth and Legends

Myths are traditional stories that provide a cultural framework for understanding the world,
social practices, and institutions. They are more than mere stories; they underpin the moral and
legal fabric of a society by offering explanations that justify and maintain social order (Levi-
Strauss, 1963). Myths blend historical facts with imaginative elements to create cohesive
cultural narratives that resonate deeply within a community. Carl Gustav Jung posits that
myths reveal the underlying structures of the human psyche, manifesting universal archetypes
such as the Hero, the Shadow, and the Anima/Animus (Jung, 1959). These archetypes are
innate symbols that articulate fundamental human experiences and psychological truths,
providing a window into the collective unconscious.

Carl Gustav Jung’s Theory

Carl Gustav Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, founded analytical psychology,
emphasizing the importance of the individual psyche and the personal quest for wholeness
(Jung, 1969). Central to Jung’s theory are concepts such as the collective unconscious,
archetypes, and individuation. Jung’s theories provide a framework for understanding the deep
psychological impact of cultural myths and their role in shaping social perceptions. The
collective unconscious is a fundamental aspect of Jungian psychology, referring to structures
of the unconscious mind shared among beings of the same species, containing archetypes,
which are universal symbols and motifs recurring across cultures (Jung, 1959). These
archetypes influence individual and collective behaviors, making them crucial for analyzing
myths like that of Nyi Roro Kidul.

Nyi Roro Kidul’s Myth

The myth of Nyi Roro Kidul, the Queen of the Southern Sea, is a significant part of Javanese
folklore and cultural identity. She is believed to have control over the seas and to possess great
power, influencing the destinies of those who encounter her (Andayani & Jupriono, 2019).
This myth serves multiple functions: it provides psychological guidance, supports cultural
cohesion, and offers a means to experience the transcendent. The mythological figure of Nyi
Roro Kidul embodies various archetypal themes, such as the powerful and enigmatic female
figure, which resonate deeply within the collective unconscious of the Javanese people
(Amalia & Abdurrahman, 2021).
Influence on Society’s Social Perceptions, Especially Among Young Generations

The myth of Nyi Roro Kidul profoundly influences societal perceptions and cultural practices,
especially among the younger generation. It shapes social behaviors, norms, and values,
serving as a tool for cultural transmission (Heryunda, 2023). Young generations interpret the
myth through the lens of modernity, often blending traditional beliefs with contemporary
values. This dynamic interaction between myth and modern culture reflects the evolving
nature of societal beliefs and the ongoing relevance of mythological narratives in shaping
social perceptions and behaviors (Pricilia, 2023). By examining how myths like that of Nyi
Roro Kidul influence young people, researchers can gain insights into the persistence and
transformation of cultural narratives in contemporary society.

Research Methodology
Research Design
This study employs a qualitative research design to explore “The Influence of Nyi Roro
Kidul’s Myth on People’s Social Perception.” Qualitative research is well-suited for
understanding phenomena from a contextualized, subjective perspective, aiming to uncover
meanings, patterns, and concepts through detailed analysis of data collected in natural settings
(Denzin & Lincoln, 2011).

Research Questions and Hypotheses

The primary research questions guiding this study are:

1. How does the myth of Nyi Roro Kidul influence social perceptions among the local
population?
2. What are the cultural and social mechanisms through which this myth is
perpetuated?
As this is an exploratory qualitative study, there are no formal hypotheses. According to
Maxwell (2013), qualitative research often avoids formal hypotheses at the outset because it
seeks to explore phenomena in-depth, allowing patterns and theories to emerge from the data
itself. This approach contrasts with quantitative research, where hypotheses are typically
formulated before data collection based on existing theories or literature.

Study Population and Sampling Method

The study focuses on the population that is culturally and geographically connected to the
myth of Nyi Roro Kidul, predominantly found in Java, Indonesia. The sampling method
employed is purposive sampling, appropriate for qualitative research as it allows the
researcher to select participants who have specific knowledge or experience related to the
research topic (Creswell, 2013).

Data Collection Methods

Internet-Based Data Collection and Library Research

Data collection relies heavily on internet-based data collection and library research.
This approach is increasingly popular due to its efficiency in gathering large and diverse data
samples (Benfield & Szlemko, 2006). This method involves accessing various online journals,
articles, and other digital sources that provide information on the influence of Nyi Roro
Kidul’s myth.

Language as a Data Source

Since this research falls under the domain of linguistics, language itself is a critical data
source. The myth of Nyi Roro Kidul is not only a cultural artifact but also a linguistic one. The
analysis includes studying the language used in recounting the myth, the specific terms and
phrases associated with it, and how these linguistic elements influence social perceptions. This
involves examining texts, oral traditions, and digital communications that reference Nyi Roro
Kidul.
 Draft Research Instruments
No physical media or tools are used to collect primary data. Instead, the research instruments
include:
Document Analysis Protocols
Structured guides for extracting relevant information from online journals, books, articles, and
linguistic sources. Document analysis allows researchers to systematically review and evaluate
documents as part of qualitative research (Bowen, 2009). This method is particularly useful for
studies like this one, which rely on existing literature and digital sources to explore cultural
and social phenomena.

Data Analysis
Data analysis in qualitative research involves systematically examining and interpreting data
to uncover patterns, themes, and meanings. This process transforms raw data into useful
information, providing insights into the research questions. In this study, the data analysis
follows the principles of grounded theory, a systematic methodology involving the
construction of theories through methodical gathering and analysis of data (Glaser & Strauss,
1967). Grounded theory is particularly useful for exploratory research where the aim is to
develop new theories based on the data collected.

Open Coding
Identifying, naming, and categorizing the primary data points. This stage involves breaking
down the data into discrete parts, closely examining them, and comparing them for similarities
and differences. According to Charmaz (2006), open coding is the initial step where raw data
is fractured into concepts.
Axial Coding
Relating codes (categories and concepts) to each other via a combination of inductive and
deductive thinking. This process helps identify relationships among the open codes and group
them into more abstract concepts or categories (Strauss & Corbin, 1990).
Selective Coding
Choosing one core category and relating it systematically to other categories, validating
relationships, and filling in categories that need further refinement and development. Selective
coding integrates and refines the theory, providing a coherent narrative about the phenomenon
under study (Strauss & Corbin, 1998).
 Jung’s Theory
The integration of Carl Jung’s theory into the analysis enhances understanding of the deeper
psychological and symbolic dimensions of the myth.

Identification of Archetypes
Recognizing Jungian archetypes such as the Anima, the Great Mother, and the Shadow within
the myth (Jung, 1959; Jung, 1964).

Symbolic Interpretation
Analyzing the symbolic meanings of elements within the myth, such as Nyi Roro Kidul’s
association with the sea and themes of transformation and rebirth (Jung, 1959).

Comparative Analysis
Comparing the myth of Nyi Roro Kidul with other cultural myths to highlight the universality
of archetypal themes (Jones, 2003).

Psychological and Cultural Context

Contextualizing the findings within broader psychological and cultural frameworks, exploring
how the myth reflects and shapes the collective unconscious of the Javanese people (Hillman,
1983).

Integration of Methodologies
The integration of Grounded Theory and Jung’s theory enhances the depth and breadth of the
analysis. Grounded Theory provides a systematic framework for coding and categorizing data,
while Jung’s theory offers insights into the deeper psychological and symbolic dimensions of
the myth. This combined approach allows for a holistic understanding of how the myth of Nyi
Roro Kidul influences social perceptions and behaviors.

Tools and Materials

No physical tools or materials are used in this study due to reliance on secondary data sources.
However, the following resources are pivotal:
- Digital Libraries and Online Databases
Sources such as JSTOR, Google Scholar, and institutional repositories are essential because
they provide access to a vast array of academic articles, books, and other scholarly materials
that are crucial for comprehensive literature reviews and data collection. Using these resources
ensures the researcher has access to high-quality, peer-reviewed information essential for
building a strong foundation in qualitative research (Gibbs, 2007).
- Software for Data Analysis
Qualitative data analysis software like NVivo or ATLAS.ti could be used to organize and
analyze the data collected from digital sources. These tools help manage and analyze
qualitative data efficiently by providing features such as coding, categorizing, and visualizing
data. Bazeley (2007) notes that such software enhances the rigor of qualitative analysis by
offering systematic and transparent ways to handle data, facilitating the development of
grounded theories from extensive qualitative data sets.

Findings

Data Collection and Analysis

The study employs grounded theory methodology, integrating Carl Gustav Jung’s theoretical
framework to analyze the myth of Nyi Roro Kidul and its impact on Javanese social
perceptions. Data was collected from internet sources and library research, focusing on the
myth’s cultural and social implications.

Open Coding

In the open coding phase, primary data points were identified and categorized. Key findings
include:

- Influence on Social Behaviors : The myth influences behaviors, especially in coastal

communities where rituals to the ocean are common.

- Cultural Preservation : Efforts to preserve the myth through cultural events and modern
adaptations like augmented reality are significant.

Axial Coding

Axial coding involved linking the open codes to form more abstract categories. Findings
include:

- Community Identity : The myth reinforces cultural identity and connections to ancestral
traditions.

- Social Control Mechanisms : The myth serves as a social control tool, influencing behaviors
through fear and respect for Nyi Roro Kidul.

Selective Coding

Selective coding identified “Cultural Resonance” as the core category, showing how the myth
deeply influences social norms, behaviors, and cultural practices. Additionally, the myth has an
economic impact by driving tourism and supporting local businesses.

Addressing the Hypothesis and Research Problems

This exploratory study did not begin with a formal hypothesis, instead allowing patterns and
theories to emerge from the data.

Application of Jung’s Theory

Jung’s theory of social perception, particularly the concepts of the collective unconscious and
archetypes, is used to analyze the myth of Nyi Roro Kidul. Key considerations include:

- Archetypes : Identification of the Anima, Great Mother, and Shadow archetypes within the
myth.

- Symbolic Interpretation : Analysis of symbolic meanings such as Nyi Roro Kidul’s

association with the sea and themes of transformation and rebirth.

- Comparative Analysis : Comparing the myth’s elements with established Jungian archetypes
to determine alignment and divergence.

Disscussion

The findings of this study highlight the complex ways in which the myth of Nyi Roro Kidul
influences contemporary social perceptions in Java. The data reveal that the myth persists
strongly in modern Javanese society, shaping behaviors and attitudes in nuanced ways. As
noted by Barthes, myths serve as powerful cultural narratives that extend beyond simple stories
to influence societal norms and personal identities (Barthes in Sobur, 2004:15).

Cultural Impact and Social Perceptions

The myth of Nyi Roro Kidul significantly impacts social perceptions among Javanese youth.
This is evident from the widespread references to the myth in both digital and traditional media.
According to Eco (2019), myths function as semiotic systems where the signifier (the myth) and
the signified (the cultural impact) create a complex interplay of meanings.

This interaction manifests in the reverence and fear associated with the mythical figure,
influencing both individual behavior and collective societal norms.

Psychological Mechanisms

The psychological impact of the Nyi Roro Kidul myth is profound, affecting the subconscious
mindsets of individuals. As Campbell (2019) discusses, myths tap into deep psychological
archetypes that resonate with fundamental human fears and aspirations.

The myth of Nyi Roro Kidul, with its themes of beauty, danger, and supernatural power,
triggers a range of psychological responses, from admiration to anxiety. These responses are
critical in understanding how myths sustain their influence over generations.

Interaction with Modern Social Structures

The interaction of the Nyi Roro Kidul myth with modern social structures is particularly
noteworthy. The myth’s adaptability allows it to persist despite the rational and scientific ethos
of contemporary society. Duranti (2022) suggests that myths can integrate with modern social
systems by evolving their narratives to remain relevant.

This is seen in the way Nyi Roro Kidul is depicted in popular culture, blending traditional
elements with modern themes to appeal to today's audience.

Implications for Cultural Preservation and Social Development

The enduring presence of the Nyi Roro Kidul myth underscores its importance for cultural
preservation and social development. Leeming (2021) argues that myths are vital for
maintaining cultural identity, providing a sense of continuity and belonging

The findings indicate that the myth contributes to a collective cultural heritage, offering moral
lessons and social norms that guide behavior and social cohesion.

Conclusion

The analysis of the Nyi Roro Kidul myth reveals its profound influence on Javanese society,
particularly among the youth. Grounded in Carl Gustav Jung’s theory of social perception, the
study shows how the myth is deeply embedded in social and cultural practices. Rituals and
ceremonies associated with Nyi Roro Kidul reflect a collective reverence and play a crucial
role in reinforcing community bonds and preserving cultural traditions (Andayani & Jupriono,
2019). Moreover, the integration of the myth into the tourism sector highlights its economic
and cultural significance, demonstrating how traditional beliefs can adapt to contemporary
contexts (Pricilia, 2023).

From a Jungian perspective, the Nyi Roro Kidul myth functions as a collective archetype,
shaping social norms and individual behaviors. This myth, rich in symbolism, serves as a
medium for conveying societal values and ethical norms, ensuring their transmission across
generations (Jung, 1948; Setiawan, 2009). The continued relevance of this myth among the
youth underscores its role as a living tradition that influences their cultural identity and
everyday lives (Heryunda, 2023).

Overall, the Nyi Roro Kidul myth remains a vital part of Javanese cultural heritage,
influencing social perceptions, reinforcing community bonds, and contributing to economic
sustainability through tourism. Its role as a collective archetype highlights the importance of
myths in shaping cultural identity and societal values in contemporary society.

Recommendations

Educational Programs
Developing and implementing educational programs that highlight the significance of the Nyi
Roro Kidul myth is crucial. Schools and community organizations should integrate this myth
into their curricula to emphasize its role in shaping social norms and values. By doing so,
young generations can better understand and appreciate their cultural heritage, fostering a
sense of identity and continuity (Heryunda, 2023).

Cultural Preservation

Supporting initiatives that document and preserve the rituals, ceremonies, and stories
associated with Nyi Roro Kidul is essential for maintaining cultural heritage. This can be
achieved through creating digital archives, recording oral histories, and publishing educational
materials. These efforts ensure that the myth's rich traditions are safeguarded for future
generations, allowing them to remain a living part of the culture (Andayani & Jupriono, 2019).

Sustainable Tourism

The Nyi Roro Kidul myth presents significant opportunities for sustainable tourism. Culturally
sensitive tourism packages should be developed, promoting community-based tourism
initiatives that ensure local residents benefit both economically and culturally. By respecting
and integrating local traditions, tourism can contribute to the preservation and appreciation of
the myth while supporting economic development (Pricilia, 2023).

Modern Media Integration

Integrating the Nyi Roro Kidul myth into modern media such as films, television shows, and
social media can help reach a broader audience. Encouraging collaborations with artists,
writers, and filmmakers to produce culturally authentic content inspired by the myth can
revitalize its relevance in contemporary society. This approach not only preserves the myth but
also allows it to evolve and adapt to modern contexts (Setiawan, 2009).

Community Involvement

Involving local communities in the preservation and promotion of the Nyi Roro Kidul myth is
vital. Organizing cultural festivals, workshops, and discussions that celebrate the myth and its
significance can foster community spirit and cultural pride. Additionally, developing youth
engagement programs can help younger generations connect with their cultural heritage,
ensuring the myth's continued relevance and vibrancy (Andayani & Jupriono, 2019).

Ongoing Research

Supporting interdisciplinary research into the Nyi Roro Kidul myth from various perspectives,
such as anthropology, psychology, and sociology, is necessary to deepen the understanding of
its impact. Encouraging collaboration between academic institutions, cultural organizations,
and local communities can enhance the knowledge and resources available for preserving and
promoting the myth. This research can provide valuable insights into the myth's role in
shaping cultural identity and societal values (Jung, 1948).

By addressing these recommendations, the Nyi Roro Kidul myth can continue to play a vital
role in shaping cultural identity and societal values. Ensuring its preservation and promotion
will help maintain the rich cultural heritage of the Javanese people and foster a deeper
appreciation for traditional beliefs in a modern context.

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