Read the passage below and answer the questions.

CAUSTION HEALTH CENTER

PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET

A Appointments

Please telephone 826969 (8.30am – 5.00pm: Mon – Fri). We suggest that you try to see the
same doctor whenever possible because it is helpful for both you and your doctor to know
each other well. We try hard to keep our appointments running to time, and ask you to be
punctual to help us achieve this; if you cannot keep an appointment, please phone in and let
us know as soon as possible so that it can be used for someone else. Please try to avoid
evening appointments if possible. Each appointment is for one person only. Please ask for a
longer appointment if you need more time.

B Weekends and Nights

Please telephone 823307 and a recorded message will give you the number of the doctor
from the Centre on duty. Please remember this is in addition to our normal working day.
Urgent calls only please. A Saturday morning emergency surgery is available between
9.30am and 10.00am. Please telephone for home visits before 10.00am at weekends.

C Centre Nurses

Liz Stuart, Martina Scott and Helen Stranger are available daily by appointment to help you
with dressings, ear syringing, and children’s immunisations, removal of stitches and blood
tests. They will also advise on foreign travel, and can administer various injections and blood
pressure checks. For any over 75s unable to attend the clinic, Helen Stranger will make a
home visit. All three Centre Nurses are available during normal working hours to carry out
health checks on patients who have been on doctors’ lists for 3 years.

D New Patients

Within 3 months of registering with the Centre, new patients on regular medication are
invited to attend a health check with their doctor. Other patients can arrange to be seen by
one of the Centre Nurses.

E Services Not Covered

Some services are not covered by the Centre e.g. private certificates, insurance, driving and
sports medicals, passport signatures, school medicals and prescriptions for foreign travel.
There are recommended fees for these set by the National Medical Association. Please ask at
reception.

F Receptionists

Our receptionists provide your primary point of contact – they are all very experienced and
have a lot of basic information at their fingertips. They will be able to answer many of your
initial queries and also act as a link with the rest of the team. They may request brief details
of your symptoms or illness – this enables the doctors to assess the degree of urgency.
G Change of Address

Please remember to let us know if you decide to relocate. It is also useful for us to have a
record of your telephone number

Question: If you want a repeat prescription you must make an appointment.

NOT GIVEN
Question: Services of private certificates are covered by Caustion Health Centre.
Chọn một câu trả lời:

FALSE
Read the passage below and answer the questions.
CAUSTION HEALTH CENTER

PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET

A Appointments

Please telephone 826969 (8.30am – 5.00pm: Mon – Fri). We suggest that you try to see the
same doctor whenever possible because it is helpful for both you and your doctor to know
each other well. We try hard to keep our appointments running to time, and ask you to be
punctual to help us achieve this; if you cannot keep an appointment, please phone in and let
us know as soon as possible so that it can be used for someone else. Please try to avoid
evening appointments if possible. Each appointment is for one person only. Please ask for a
longer appointment if you need more time.

B Weekends and Nights

Please telephone 823307 and a recorded message will give you the number of the doctor
from the Centre on duty. Please remember this is in addition to our normal working day.
Urgent calls only please. A Saturday morning emergency surgery is available between
9.30am and 10.00am. Please telephone for home visits before 10.00am at weekends.

C Centre Nurses

Liz Stuart, Martina Scott and Helen Stranger are available daily by appointment to help you
with dressings, ear syringing, and children’s immunisations, removal of stitches and blood
tests. They will also advise on foreign travel, and can administer various injections and blood
pressure checks. For any over 75s unable to attend the clinic, Helen Stranger will make a
home visit. All three Centre Nurses are available during normal working hours to carry out
health checks on patients who have been on doctors’ lists for 3 years.

D New Patients

Within 3 months of registering with the Centre, new patients on regular medication are
invited to attend a health check with their doctor. Other patients can arrange to be seen by
one of the Centre Nurses.

E Services Not Covered

Some services are not covered by the Centre e.g. private certificates, insurance, driving and
sports medicals, passport signatures, school medicals and prescriptions for foreign travel.
There are recommended fees for these set by the National Medical Association. Please ask at
reception.

F Receptionists

Our receptionists provide your primary point of contact – they are all very experienced and
have a lot of basic information at their fingertips. They will be able to answer many of your
initial queries and also act as a link with the rest of the team. They may request brief details
of your symptoms or illness – this enables the doctors to assess the degree of urgency.

G Change of Address

Please remember to let us know if you decide to relocate. It is also useful for us to have a
record of your telephone number

Which section contains the following information?

…………. what to do if you need to cancel a doctor’s appointment

Section A
Vì: “if you cannot keep an appointment, please phone in and let us know as soon as possible
“

Read the passage below and answer the questions.

CAUSTION HEALTH CENTER

PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET

A Appointments

Please telephone 826969 (8.30am – 5.00pm: Mon – Fri). We suggest that you try to see the
same doctor whenever possible because it is helpful for both you and your doctor to know
each other well. We try hard to keep our appointments running to time, and ask you to be
punctual to help us achieve this; if you cannot keep an appointment, please phone in and let
us know as soon as possible so that it can be used for someone else. Please try to avoid
evening appointments if possible. Each appointment is for one person only. Please ask for a
longer appointment if you need more time.

B Weekends and Nights

Please telephone 823307 and a recorded message will give you the number of the doctor
from the Centre on duty. Please remember this is in addition to our normal working day.
Urgent calls only please. A Saturday morning emergency surgery is available between
9.30am and 10.00am. Please telephone for home visits before 10.00am at weekends.

C Centre Nurses

Liz Stuart, Martina Scott and Helen Stranger are available daily by appointment to help you
with dressings, ear syringing, and children’s immunisations, removal of stitches and blood
tests. They will also advise on foreign travel, and can administer various injections and blood
pressure checks. For any over 75s unable to attend the clinic, Helen Stranger will make a
home visit. All three Centre Nurses are available during normal working hours to carry out
health checks on patients who have been on doctors’ lists for 3 years.

D New Patients

Within 3 months of registering with the Centre, new patients on regular medication are
invited to attend a health check with their doctor. Other patients can arrange to be seen by
one of the Centre Nurses.

E Services Not Covered

Some services are not covered by the Centre e.g. private certificates, insurance, driving and
sports medicals, passport signatures, school medicals and prescriptions for foreign travel.
There are recommended fees for these set by the National Medical Association. Please ask at
reception.

F Receptionists

Our receptionists provide your primary point of contact – they are all very experienced and
have a lot of basic information at their fingertips. They will be able to answer many of your
initial queries and also act as a link with the rest of the team. They may request brief details
of your symptoms or illness – this enables the doctors to assess the degree of urgency.

G Change of Address

Please remember to let us know if you decide to relocate. It is also useful for us to have a
record of your telephone number

Which section contains the following information?

…………. what happens when you register with the Centre

Section D
Vì: “Within 3 months of registering with the Centre, new patients on regular medication are
invited to attend a health check with their doctor”

Read the passage below and answer the questions.

CAUSTION HEALTH CENTER

PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET

A Appointments

Please telephone 826969 (8.30am – 5.00pm: Mon – Fri). We suggest that you try to see the
same doctor whenever possible because it is helpful for both you and your doctor to know
each other well. We try hard to keep our appointments running to time, and ask you to be
punctual to help us achieve this; if you cannot keep an appointment, please phone in and let
us know as soon as possible so that it can be used for someone else. Please try to avoid
evening appointments if possible. Each appointment is for one person only. Please ask for a
longer appointment if you need more time.

B Weekends and Nights

Please telephone 823307 and a recorded message will give you the number of the doctor
from the Centre on duty. Please remember this is in addition to our normal working day.
Urgent calls only please. A Saturday morning emergency surgery is available between
9.30am and 10.00am. Please telephone for home visits before 10.00am at weekends.

C Centre Nurses

Liz Stuart, Martina Scott and Helen Stranger are available daily by appointment to help you
with dressings, ear syringing, and children’s immunisations, removal of stitches and blood
tests. They will also advise on foreign travel, and can administer various injections and blood
pressure checks. For any over 75s unable to attend the clinic, Helen Stranger will make a
home visit. All three Centre Nurses are available during normal working hours to carry out
health checks on patients who have been on doctors’ lists for 3 years.

D New Patients

Within 3 months of registering with the Centre, new patients on regular medication are
invited to attend a health check with their doctor. Other patients can arrange to be seen by
one of the Centre Nurses.

E Services Not Covered

Some services are not covered by the Centre e.g. private certificates, insurance, driving and
sports medicals, passport signatures, school medicals and prescriptions for foreign travel.
There are recommended fees for these set by the National Medical Association. Please ask at
reception.

F Receptionists

Our receptionists provide your primary point of contact – they are all very experienced and
have a lot of basic information at their fingertips. They will be able to answer many of your
initial queries and also act as a link with the rest of the team. They may request brief details
of your symptoms or illness – this enables the doctors to assess the degree of urgency.

G Change of Address

Please remember to let us know if you decide to relocate. It is also useful for us to have a
record of your telephone number.

Which section contains the following information?

…………. what to do if you need help outside normal working hours

Section B
Question: You must always see the same doctor if you visit the Centre.
FALSE
Question: It is possible that receptionists will ask you to explain your problem.
TRUE
Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists

Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a
more gloomy outlook on life than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology
emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into how dogs behave when
separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves
and destroyed furniture appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.

Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more
anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook
appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble caused by some dogs when they are
left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural
therapy.

“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very
concerned, some relinquish the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even
being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some of these dogs may have emotional
issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential treatments,” he
added. Of the ten million pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at
some stage, the researchers said.

Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male
and they were various breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and
collies. They ranged from nine months to nine years old. Researchers began the study by
going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They returned the next
day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded
the animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an
anxiety score.

A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when
placed at one end of a room and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had
learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’ underlying mood by placing bowls
in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how quickly
each dog went to the bowl.

The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food
bowls placed in or near the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl
empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food bowls, implying they were more optimistic,
according to a report in Current Biology.

“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are
more likely to judge an ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has
shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a glass-half-full dog is less likely to be
anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha Gaines, deputy
head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more
prone to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”
Question: The more anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more
———- its outlook appeared to be.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. Happy
b. Optimistic
c. Glad
d. Gloomy

Gloomy
Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists

Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a
more gloomy outlook on life than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology
emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into how dogs behave when
separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves
and destroyed furniture appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.

Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more
anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook
appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble caused by some dogs when they are
left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural
therapy.

“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very
concerned, some relinquish the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even
being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some of these dogs may have emotional
issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential treatments,” he
added. Of the ten million pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at
some stage, the researchers said.

Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male
and they were various breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and
collies. They ranged from nine months to nine years old. Researchers began the study by
going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They returned the next
day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded
the animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an
anxiety score.

A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when
placed at one end of a room and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had
learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’ underlying mood by placing bowls
in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how quickly
each dog went to the bowl.

The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food
bowls placed in or near the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl
empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food bowls, implying they were more optimistic,
according to a report in Current Biology.

“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are
more likely to judge an ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has
shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a glass-half-full dog is less likely to be
anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha Gaines, deputy
head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more
prone to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”

Question: Which of these dogs are more likely to be optimistic, according to the study?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. ones that relieved themselves
b. ones that bark when left alone
c. ones that destroy furniture when left alone
d. ones that remain calm when left alone Câu trả lời đúng

ones that remain calm when left alone

Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists

Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a
more gloomy outlook on life than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology
emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into how dogs behave when
separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves
and destroyed furniture appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.

Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more
anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook
appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble caused by some dogs when they are
left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural
therapy.

“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very
concerned, some relinquish the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even
being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some of these dogs may have emotional
issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential treatments,” he
added. Of the ten million pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at
some stage, the researchers said.

Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male
and they were various breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and
collies. They ranged from nine months to nine years old. Researchers began the study by
going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They returned the next
day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded
the animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an
anxiety score.
A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when
placed at one end of a room and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had
learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’ underlying mood by placing bowls
in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how quickly
each dog went to the bowl.

The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food
bowls placed in or near the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl
empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food bowls, implying they were more optimistic,
according to a report in Current Biology.

“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are
more likely to judge an ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has
shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a glass-half-full dog is less likely to be
anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha Gaines, deputy
head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more
prone to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”

Question: How do owners respond to anxious behaviour in dogs?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. They think the dog is being intentionally spiteful.
b. They take the dog to a refuge.
c. They ignore the dog.
d. They react in different ways.

They react in different ways

Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists

Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a
more gloomy outlook on life than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology
emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into how dogs behave when
separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves
and destroyed furniture appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.

Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more
anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook
appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble caused by some dogs when they are
left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural
therapy.

“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very
concerned, some relinquish the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even
being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some of these dogs may have emotional
issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential treatments,” he
added. Of the ten million pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at
some stage, the researchers said.
Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male
and they were various breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and
collies. They ranged from nine months to nine years old. Researchers began the study by
going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They returned the next
day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded
the animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an
anxiety score.

A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when
placed at one end of a room and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had
learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’ underlying mood by placing bowls
in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how quickly
each dog went to the bowl.

The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food
bowls placed in or near the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl
empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food bowls, implying they were more optimistic,
according to a report in Current Biology.

“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are
more likely to judge an ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has
shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a glass-half-full dog is less likely to be
anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha Gaines, deputy
head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more
prone to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”

Question: When did the researchers video the dogs?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a. when the dogs were left alone for twenty minutes
b. while they were playing with them
c. when the dogs were left alone for five minutes Câu trả lời đúng
d. when the dogs were walking over to the food bowls
Phản hồi
Đáp án đúng là: when the dogs were left alone for five minutes

Vì:”left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded the animal’s
behaviour with a video camera.”

when the dogs were left alone for five minutes

Vì:”left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded the animal’s
behaviour with a video camera.”

Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists

Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a
more gloomy outlook on life than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology
emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into how dogs behave when
separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves
and destroyed furniture appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.

Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more
anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook
appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble caused by some dogs when they are
left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural
therapy.

“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very
concerned, some relinquish the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even
being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some of these dogs may have emotional
issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential treatments,” he
added. Of the ten million pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at
some stage, the researchers said.

Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male
and they were various breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and
collies. They ranged from nine months to nine years old. Researchers began the study by
going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They returned the next
day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded
the animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an
anxiety score.

A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when
placed at one end of a room and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had
learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’ underlying mood by placing bowls
in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how quickly
each dog went to the bowl.

The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food
bowls placed in or near the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl
empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food bowls, implying they were more optimistic,
according to a report in Current Biology.

“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are
more likely to judge an ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has
shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a glass-half-full dog is less likely to be
anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha Gaines, deputy
head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more
prone to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”

Question: Film of a particular subject or event _________________________.

Chọn một câu trả lời:

footage
. ambiguous
Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists
Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a
more gloomy outlook on life than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology
emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into how dogs behave when
separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves
and destroyed furniture appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.

Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more
anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook
appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble caused by some dogs when they are
left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural
therapy.

“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very
concerned, some relinquish the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even
being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some of these dogs may have emotional
issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential treatments,” he
added. Of the ten million pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at
some stage, the researchers said.

Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male
and they were various breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and
collies. They ranged from nine months to nine years old. Researchers began the study by
going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They returned the next
day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded
the animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an
anxiety score.

A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when
placed at one end of a room and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had
learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’ underlying mood by placing bowls
in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how quickly
each dog went to the bowl.

The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food
bowls placed in or near the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl
empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food bowls, implying they were more optimistic,
according to a report in Current Biology.

“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are
more likely to judge an ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has
shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a glass-half-full dog is less likely to be
anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha Gaines, deputy
head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more
prone to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”

Question: If something is described as _________________________, it is not clear or it is capable

of being understood in more than one way.

concerned
Vì: trong ngữ cảnh này concerned =worried

Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fill the blank.
Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists

Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected: some dogs have a
more gloomy outlook on life than others. The unusual insight into canine psychology
emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into how dogs behave when
separated from their owners. Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found
to have a “dog bowl half full” attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves
and destroyed furniture appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded.

Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more
anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook
appeared to be. The findings suggest that the trouble caused by some dogs when they are
left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural
therapy.

“Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs. Some are very
concerned, some relinquish the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even
being intentionally spiteful,” said Mendl. “At least some of these dogs may have emotional
issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential treatments,” he
added. Of the ten million pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at
some stage, the researchers said.

Mendl’s team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK. Half of the dogs were male
and they were various breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and
collies. They ranged from nine months to nine years old. Researchers began the study by
going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes. They returned the next
day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded
the animal’s behaviour with a video camera. The footage was used to give each dog an
anxiety score.

A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when
placed at one end of a room and empty when placed at the other. When the dogs had
learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals’ underlying mood by placing bowls
in ambiguous positions – in the middle of the room, for example – and noting how quickly
each dog went to the bowl.

The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food
bowls placed in or near the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl
empty. The less anxious dogs ran to the food bowls, implying they were more optimistic,
according to a report in Current Biology.

“We know that people’s emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are
more likely to judge an ambiguous situation positively,” Mendl said. “What our study has
shown is that this applies similarly to dogs – that a glass-half-full dog is less likely to be
anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature.” Samantha Gaines, deputy
head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: “Some dogs may be more
prone to develop these behaviours and should be re-homed with appropriate owners.”
Question: If you feel _________________________, you are worried about something.

Question: Which dogs were slowest to approach the food bowls?

the ones that had been the most anxious in the previous test
Read the article and choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
According to airline industry statistics, almost 90 percent of airline accidents are survivable
or partially survivable. But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and
following certain tips. Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instructions
before takeoff and ask questions if you have uncertainties. You should fasten your seat-belt
low on your hips and as tightly as possible. Of course, you should also know how the release
mechanism of your belt operates. During takeoffs and landings, you are advised to keep
your feet flat on the floor. Before takeoff you should locate the nearest exit and an alterative
exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can find them in the
dark if necessary.

In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on
your ankles and keep your head down until the plane comes to a complete stop. If smoke is
present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins,
towels, or clothing. If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation. To
evacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings
with you. Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump,
do so with your arms and legs extended in front of you. When you get to the ground, you
should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and never smoke near the
wreckage.

Choose the best answer.

According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the floor…………..

during takeoffs and landings.

No fee
Read the article and choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
Bramley College now has full electronic information resources in the College Library to help
you in your studies. On CD-ROM in the library we have about fifty databases, including
many statistical sources. Want to know the average rainfall in Tokyo or the biggest export
earner of Vanuatu? It’s easy to find out. Whether you are in the School of Business or the
School of Art Design, it’s all here for you.

You can conduct your own CD-ROM search for no charge, and you can print out your results
on the library printers using your library photocopying card. Alternatively, you can download
your results to disk, again for no charge, but bring your own formatted floppy disk or CD-
ROM. If you are not sure how to conduct a search for yourself, library staff can do it for you,
but we charge $20 for this service, no matter how long or how short a time it takes.

All library workstations have broadband access to the Internet, so you can find the web-
based information you need quickly and easily. If you are unfamiliar with using the Internet,
help is available in several ways. You can start with the online tutorial Netstart; just click on
the Netstart icon the Main Menu. The tutorial will take you through the basic steps to using
the Internet, any time convenient to you. If you prefer, ask one of the librarians for internet
advice (best at quiet times between 9.00am and 11.30 am weekdays) or attend one of the
introductory group sessions that are held in the first two weeks of each term. Sign your
name on the list on the library Bulletin Board to guarantee a place, as they are very popular.

A word of warning: demand for access to library workstations is very high, so you are
strongly advised to book a workstation, and we have to limit your use to a maximum of one
hour at any one time. Make your booking (for which you will receive a receipt) at the
Information Desk at the enquiry desks in the Media Services Area (Level 1). Also, use of the
computers is limited to Bramley students only, so you may be asked to produce your
Student Identification Card to make a booking, or while using the workstations.

To copy search results to a floppy disk, students pay…

a photocopying card.
Read the article and choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
Bramley College now has full electronic information resources in the College Library to help
you in your studies. On CD-ROM in the library we have about fifty databases, including
many statistical sources. Want to know the average rainfall in Tokyo or the biggest export
earner of Vanuatu? It’s easy to find out. Whether you are in the School of Business or the
School of Art Design, it’s all here for you.

You can conduct your own CD-ROM search for no charge, and you can print out your results
on the library printers using your library photocopying card. Alternatively, you can download
your results to disk, again for no charge, but bring your own formatted floppy disk or CD-
ROM. If you are not sure how to conduct a search for yourself, library staff can do it for you,
but we charge $20 for this service, no matter how long or how short a time it takes.

All library workstations have broadband access to the Internet, so you can find the web-
based information you need quickly and easily. If you are unfamiliar with using the Internet,
help is available in several ways. You can start with the online tutorial Netstart; just click on
the Netstart icon the Main Menu. The tutorial will take you through the basic steps to using
the Internet, any time convenient to you. If you prefer, ask one of the librarians for internet
advice (best at quiet times between 9.00am and 11.30 am weekdays) or attend one of the
introductory group sessions that are held in the first two weeks of each term. Sign your
name on the list on the library Bulletin Board to guarantee a place, as they are very popular.

A word of warning: demand for access to library workstations is very high, so you are
strongly advised to book a workstation, and we have to limit your use to a maximum of one
hour at any one time. Make your booking (for which you will receive a receipt) at the
Information Desk at the enquiry desks in the Media Services Area (Level 1). Also, use of the
computers is limited to Bramley students only, so you may be asked to produce your
Student Identification Card to make a booking, or while using the workstations.

To use the library printers, students must have…

Travelers are urged by experts to read and listen to safety instructions ……………
before takeoff.
What is the main topic of the passage?
Guidelines for increasing aircraft passenger survival
If library staff search for information on CD-ROM, students pay
$20
Students can learn to use the Internet…
at all times.
It can be inferred from the passage that people are more likely to survive fires in aircrafts if
they…
. keep their heads low.
Question: You should give the Health Centre your new contact details if you move house.
TRUE
Vì: “Please remember to let us know if you decide to relocate.”

Question: The unusual insight into canine psychology …………from a study by Bristol
University researchers.
emerged
The problem with heart transplants has been that…
. there are not usually enough donors
The author says that monkeys….
Monkey hearts will be used in transplant operations
Technology and technics are the keys to solve Western people’s problems…
TRUE
According to the passage, which exits should an airline passenger locate before takeoff?
The two closest to the passenger’s seat
What is the meaning of the word “hazardous”?
dangerous
What would the next paragraph to follow the passage probably be about?
. The future of the Internet
Which is the best title for the passage ?
The Internet Revolution
You can……… a site to promote your club, your institution, your company’s products or
simply yourself.
Set up