GREAT CIRCLE SAILING

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1. Find initial course and distance by Great Circle sailing from 41˚00’S,
175˚00’E to 33˚00’S, 071˚30’W. Find also the vertex position.
(EXAM BOOK)

'A' Lat 41˚ 00’ S 'A' Long 175˚ 00’ E PA = 90˚ ‐ Lat A = 49˚
‘B' Lat 33˚ 00’ S ‘B' Long 071˚ 30’ W PB = 90˚ ‐ Lat B = 57˚
D.Long 246˚ 30’ W Nearest pole = S
113˚ 30’ E

To find Distance
Cos AB = Cos D.long Sin PA Sin PB + Cos PA Cos PB
Cos AB = Cos 113˚30’ Sin 49˚ Sin 57˚ + Cos 49˚ Cos 57˚
AB = 83.98˚
GC Dist = 5038.6 N.miles
 To find Initial Course
Cos PB – Cos PA x Cos AB
Cos A =
Sin PA x Sin AB
Cos 57˚ – Cos 49˚ x Cos 83.98˚
Cos A =
Sin 49˚ x Sin 83.98˚
A= S 50.7˚ E or 129.3˚ (T) Ini course SE
Nearest P name D.long name Final course NE
To find Final Course Vertex Inside
Cos PA – Cos PB x Cos AB
Cos B =
Sin PB x Sin AB
Cos 49˚ – Cos 57˚ x Cos 83.98˚
Cos B =
Sin 57˚ x Sin 83.98˚
B= N 44.1˚ E or 044.1˚ (T)

Opp NP name D.long name

Drawing

B
33˚S
071˚E

A
41˚S V
175˚E

P
To find lat of “ V ”

Cos “ V ” lat = Cos lat A Sin A ( Use Max lat & Give nearest pole name )
Cos “ V ” lat = Cos 41˚ x Sin 50.7˚
“ V ” lat = 54˚ 15.9’ S
Nearest P name

B
To Find Long of Vertex

Tan lat A A
Cos D.long APV = V
Tan lat V
Tan 41˚
Cos D.long APV =
Tan 54˚15.9’ P

APV = 51˚ 17.1’ E

Long of “ V ” = Long of A +/‐ D.long APV ( Check in Drawing )
= 175˚ 00’ E + 51˚ 17.1’ E
= 226˚ 17.1’ E
= 133˚ 42.9’ W

Ans : Initial course = 129.3˚(T)

Distance = 5038.6 N.m

Vertex Posn = 54˚15.9’S, 133˚42.9’W

2. Find the initial and final courses and distance along the Great Circle
track from 26° 49'S, long 153° 10' E to 17° 30' S, 149° 36'W. Find the
position of vertex also. (EXAM BOOK)

'A' Lat 26˚ 49’ S 'A' Long 153˚ 10’ E PA = 90˚ ‐ Lat A = 63˚11’
‘B' Lat 17˚ 30’ S ‘B' Long 149˚ 36’ W PB = 90˚ ‐ Lat B = 72˚30’
D.Long 302˚ 46’ W Nearest pole = S
057˚ 14’ E

To find Distance
Cos AB = Cos D.long Sin PA Sin PB + Cos PA Cos PB
Cos AB = Cos 057˚14’ Sin 63˚11’ Sin 72˚30’ + Cos 63˚11’ Cos 72˚30’
AB = 53˚23’36”
GC Dist = 3203.6 N.miles
 To find Initial Course
Cos PB – Cos PA x Cos AB
Cos A =
Sin PA x Sin AB
Cos 72˚30’ – Cos 63˚11’ x Cos 53˚23’36”
Cos A =
Sin 63˚11’ x Sin 53˚23’36”
A= S 87˚27.9’ E or 092.5˚ (T) Ini course SE
Nearest P name D.long name Final course NE
To find Final Course Vertex Inside
Cos PA – Cos PB x Cos AB
Cos B =
Sin PB x Sin AB
Cos 63˚11’ – Cos 72˚30’ x Cos 53˚23’36”
Cos B =
Sin 72˚30’ x Sin 53˚23’36”
B= N 69˚12.2’ E or 069.2˚ (T)

Opp NP name D.long name

Drawing

B
17˚S
149˚W

A
26˚S V
153˚E

P
To find lat of “ V ”

Cos “ V ” lat = Cos lat A Sin A ( Use Max lat & Give nearest pole name )
Cos “ V ” lat = Cos 26˚ 49’ x Sin 87˚27.9’
“ V ” lat = 26˚ 55.6’ S
Nearest P name

B
To Find Long of Vertex

Tan lat A A
Cos D.long APV = V
Tan lat V
Tan 26˚ 49’
Cos D.long APV =
Tan 26˚ 55.6’ P

APV = 5˚ 35.2’ E
Long of “ V ” = Long of A +/‐ D.long APV ( Check in Drawing )
= 153˚ 10’ E + 5˚ 35.2’’ E
= 158˚ 45.2’ E

Ans : Initial course = 092.5˚(T)

Final course = 069.2˚(T)
Distance = 3203.6 N.m
Vertex Posn = 26˚55.6’S, 158˚ 45.2’ E
3. Find the initial and final courses and distance along the Great Circle
track from 41° 38'S 175° 28'E to 7° 24'N 79° 55'W. Find the position of
vertex also. (EXAM BOOK)

'A' Lat 41° 38'S 'A' Long 175° 28'E PA = 90˚ ‐ Lat A = 48˚22’
‘B' Lat 07° 24'N ‘B' Long 079° 55'W PB = 90˚ + Lat B = 97˚24’
D.Long 255˚ 23’ W Nearest pole = S
104˚ 37’ E

To find Distance
Cos AB = Cos D.long Sin PA Sin PB + Cos PA Cos PB
Cos AB = Cos 104˚ 37’ Sin 48˚22’ Sin 97˚24’ + Cos 48˚22’ Cos 97˚24’
AB = 105˚49’12”
GC Dist = 6349.2 N.miles
 To find Initial Course
Cos PB – Cos PA x Cos AB
Cos A =
Sin PA x Sin AB
Cos 97˚24’ – Cos 48˚22’ x Cos 105˚49’12”
Cos A =
Sin 48˚22’ x Sin 105˚49’12”
A= S 85˚49.7’ E or 094.2˚ (T) Ini course SE
Nearest P name D.long name Final course NE
To find Final Course Vertex Inside
Cos PA – Cos PB x Cos AB
Cos B =
Sin PB x Sin AB
Cos 48˚22’ – Cos 97˚24’ x Cos 105˚49’12”
Cos B =
Sin 97˚24’ x Sin 105˚49’12”
B= N 48˚44.2’ E or 048.7˚ (T)

Opp NP name D.long name

Drawing

07˚N
079˚W
B
Equator
A
41˚S V
175˚E

P
To find lat of “ V ”

Cos “ V ” lat = Cos lat A Sin A ( Use Max lat & Give nearest pole name )
Cos “ V ” lat = Cos 41° 38’ x Sin 85˚49.7’
“ V ” lat = 41˚ 48.2’ S
Nearest P name

B
To Find Long of Vertex

Tan lat A A
Cos D.long APV = V
Tan lat V
Tan 41° 38’
Cos D.long APV =
Tan 41˚ 48.2’ P

APV = 6˚ 15.4’ E
Long of “ V ” = Long of A +/‐ D.long APV ( Check in Drawing )
= 175° 28' E + 6˚ 15.4’ E
= 181˚ 43.4’ E
= 178˚ 16.6’ W

Ans : Initial course = 085°49.7’ 094.2˚(T)

Final course = 048°44.2’ 048.7˚(T)
Distance = 6349.2 N.m
Vertex Posn = 41˚48.2’S, 178˚ 16.6’ W
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