COMPOSITE GREAT CIRCLE

HKK
 COMPOSITE
GREAT CIRCLE
SAILING
1. Max Lat 4. Beyond the Lat
2. Limited Lat 5. Vertex Lat
3. Highest Lat

ဒါေတြပါရင္ Composite
 Max Li Hi Be

Vertex သည်

ြဖစ်မည် composite.
 P

Max LAT
V1 V2

A B
 B
A
V1 V2

P
A
V B

P
 P

V1 V2
N lat A Equator

B S lat

LAT N/S မတူရင္

Cos နဲစတဲ
့ ့ Formula ေတွမှာ

Extra “ - ” ထည်.ေပးရမယ် ။
Composite Great Circle.
ေပးခ်က္
Initial lat
P Posn A
Initial long
Arrival lat
Max: Lat
Posn B
Arrival long
V1 V2
2
Max lat
A 1 B
3

(၃ ပိုင္းရွတ
ိ ယ္ )

1. A to V1
2. V1 to V2
3. V2 to B
(1) A နဲ႕ B ႀကား D.long အရင္ဆုးံ ရွာပါ။
P

Max: Lat
V1 V2
A B
D.Long = ?

‘A’ Lat Long

‘B’ Lat Long Max: Lat ………

D.Long AB Nearest Pole ( Max lat Name )

( 2 & 3 ) Initial Course နဲ႕ Final Course ရွာပါ။

[2] To find Initial Course

Cos Max: ‘lat’
Sin A =
Cos Lat ‘A’
A = NP name........ D.long name

[3] To find Final Course

Cos Max: ‘lat’
Sin B =
Cos Lat ‘B’
B = Opp NP name........D.long name
 (4) A နဲ႕ V1 ႀကား D.long ရွာပါ။

Max: Lat
V1 V2
A B

[4] D.long (AV1)

Tan lat ‘A’
Cos D.long (AV1) =
Tan Max: lat
 (5) B နဲ႕ V2 ႀကား D.long ရွာပါ။

Max: Lat
V1 V2
A B

[5] D.long (BV2)

Tan lat ‘B’
Cos D.long (BV2) =
Tan Max: lat
 (6) V1 နဲ႕ V2 ႀကား D.long ရွာပါ။

Max: Lat
V1 V2
D.Long
A V1V2 B
?

D.Long AB

[6] D.long (V1V2) = D.Long AB - ( D.long AV1 + D.long BV2 )

 (7) Dist AV1 ရွာပါ။

Max: Lat
V1 V2
A B

Sin lat ‘A’

[7] Cos Dist (AV1) =
Sin Max: lat
 (8) Dist BV2 ရွာပါ။

Max: Lat
V1 V2
A B

Sin lat ‘B’

[8] Cos Dist (BV2) =
Sin Max: lat
(9) Dist V1V2 ရွာပါ။

Max: Lat
V1 V2
Dist V1V2
A B

[9] Dist (V1V2) = D.Long V1V2 x Cos Max:lat

[ in // sailing “Dist = Dep” D.lat=0]

 (10) Dist AB ရွာပါ။

Max: Lat
V1 V2
Dist V1V2
A
B

[10] Dist AB = Dist AV1 + Dist V1V2 + Dist BV2

 (11) V1 Long ရွာပါ။
P

Max: Lat
V1 V2
A B

[11] Long of Vertex (V1) = Long of A +/- D.Long AV1

 (12) V2 Long ရွာပါ။
P

Max: Lat
V1 V2
A B

[12] Long of Vertex (V2) = Long of B +/- D.Long BV2

 Composite Great Circle.(Summary)

D.long (V1V2) = D.Long AB – (AV1+BV2)

Tan lat ‘A’ Tan lat ‘B’

Cos D.long (AV1) = P Cos D.long (BV2) =
Tan Max: lat Tan Max: lat
D.Long
Max: Lat
V1 V2
Initial Course 2 Final Course
A 1 3 B Cos Max: ‘lat’
Cos Max: ‘lat’ Sin B =
Sin A = Cos Lat ‘B’
Cos Lat ‘A’
Sin lat ‘B’
Sin lat ‘A’ Cos Dist (BV2) = Sin Max: lat
Cos Dist (AV1) =
Sin Max: lat
Dist (V1V2) = D.Long V1V2 x Cos Max:lat
Dist AB = AV1 + BV2 + V1V2
Long of Vertex (V1) = Long of A +/- D.Long AV1
Long of Vertex (V2) = Long of B +/- D.Long BV2
Composite Great Circle Sailing

'A' Lat 'A' Long

‘B' Lat ‘B' Long Max lat = ………... N/S
D.long Nearest pole name = ……. ( Larger lat name )

To find Initial Course

Cos Max Lat

Sin A =
Cos Lat A
Nearest P name ........ D.long name
To find Initial Course

Cos Max Lat

Sin A =
Cos Lat A
Nearest P name ........ D.long name

A’s lat
B
A
Max lat V1 V2

P
To find Final Course

Cos Max Lat

Sin B =
Cos Lat B
Opp Nearest P name ........ D.long name

B B’s lat
A
V1 V2 Max lat

P
Initial Course
Eg. SE
Final Course
Eg. NE

B
A
V1 V2

P
To find D’long

Tan Lat A
Cos D.long AV1 =
Tan Max Lat

A’s lat
B
A
Max lat V1 V2

P
 Tan Lat B
Cos D.long BV2 =
Tan Max Lat

B B’s lat
A
V1 V2 Max lat

P
D.long V1V2 = D.long AB - ( D.long AV1 + D.log BV2 )

B
A
AV1 BV2
V1V2 = ?
V1 V2

P
To find Distance AV1

Sin Lat A
Cos Dist AV1 =
Sin Max Lat

A’s lat
B
A
Max lat V1 V2

P
 Sin Lat B
Cos Dist BV2 =
Sin Max Lat

B B’s lat
A
V1 V2 Max lat

P
Dep = Cos Lat x D.Long
Dist V1V2 = Cos Max Lat x D.Long V1V2

B
A
V1 V2 Max lat

P
Total Dist = Dist AV1 + Dist V1V2 + Dist BV2

B
A
V1 V2

P
To find Longitude of vertex

Long of V1 = Long of A +/- D.Long AV1

B
A
V1 V2

P
To find Longitude of vertex

Long of V2= Long of B +/- D.Long BV2

B
A
V1 V2

P
 SUMMARY

(1) D.long ( AB )

(2) Initial course & Final course

(3) Drawing

(4) D.long AV1, D.long BV2 & D.long V1V2

(5) Dist AV1, Dist BV2 & Dist V1V2

(6) Total Distance

( 7) Long of V1 & Long of V2

Saya MTL & HKK

(1) D.long ( AB )

D.long ( AB )

B
A

V1 V2

P
(1) D.long ( AB )
(2) Initial course & Final course

B
A

V1 V2

P
(1) D.long ( AB )
(2) Initial course & Final course
(3) Drawing

B
A

V1 V2

P
(1) D.long ( AB )
(2) Initial course & Final course
(3) Drawing
(4) D.long AV1, D.long BV2 & D.long V1V2

B
A AV1 BV2
V1V2
V1 V2

P
(1) D.long ( AB )
(2) Initial course & Final course
(3) Drawing
(4) D.long AV1, D.long BV2 & D.long V1V2
(5) Dist AV1, Dist BV2 & Dist V1V2

B
A
V1V2
V1 V2

P
(1) D.long ( AB )
(2) Initial course & Final course
(3) Drawing
(4) D.long AV1, D.long BV2 & D.long V1V2
(5) Dist AV1, Dist BV2 & Dist V1V2

(6) Total Distance

A AV1

V1
+
V1V2
V2
BV2
B

P
(1) D.long ( AB )
(2) Initial course & Final course
(3) Drawing
(4) D.long AV1, D.long BV2 & D.long V1V2
(5) Dist AV1, Dist BV2 & Dist V1V2

(6) Total Distance

( 7) Long of V1 & Long of V2

B
A

V1 V2

P
1. Find the initial course and total distance along a composite grate circle:
From: A 35° 00’S, 020° 10’E To: B 43° 40’S, 146° 50’E.
The maximum latitude is to be 48° S. Find also the longitudes of the
vertex of the grate circles. (EAM BOOK)

'A' Lat 35˚ 00’ S 'A' Long 020˚ 10’E

‘B' Lat 43˚ 40’ S ‘B' Long 146˚ 50’E Max lat 48˚S
D.Long AB 126˚40’E Nearest pole = S

To find Initial Course

Cos Max Lat
Sin A =
Cos Lat A
Cos 48°
Sin A =
Cos 35°0’
A= S 54°46.3’ E (or) 125.2° ( T )
Nearest P name D.long name
Saya MTL & HKK
 To find Final Course

Cos Max Lat

Sin B =
Cos Lat B
Cos 48°
Sin B =
Cos 43°40’
B= N 67°40.3’ E (or) 067.7° ( T )
Opp Nearest P name D.long name

Saya
Saya MTL
MTL &
& HKK
HKK
Drawing

35˚S
020°E
A

B
43˚S
146°E
V1 V2

Saya MTL & HKK

To find D’long

Tan Lat A
Cos D.long AV1 =
Tan Max Lat

Tan 35°
Cos D.long AV 1=
Tan 48°
35˚S
D.Long AV 1= 50° 54.9’ E
?
A 020°E
43˚S
146°E
B

V1 V2

Saya MTL & HKK

Saya MTL & HKK P
To find D’long

Tan Lat B
Cos D.long BV2 =
Tan Max Lat

Tan 43°40’
Cos D.long BV 2=
Tan 48°
35˚S
D.Long BV 2= 30° 44.8’ W
?
A 020°E
43˚S
146°E
B

V1 V2

Saya MTL & HKK P

D.long V1V2 = D.long AB - ( D.long AV1 + D.log BV2 )

= 126°40’ - ( 50°54.9’+ 30°44.8’ )

= 45° 00.3’
= 2700.3’

B
AV1
BV2
V1 V1V2 V2

Saya MTL & HKK

P
To find Total Distance ( Dist AV1 + Dist V1V2 + Dist BV2 )

Dist AV1 = ?
Dist V1V2 = ?
Dist BV2 = ?

B
AV1
BV2
V1 V1V2 V2

P
To find Total Distance ( Dist AV1 + Dist V1V2 + Dist BV2 )

Sin Lat A
Cos Dist AV1 =
Sin Max Lat

Sin 35°
Cos Dist AV1 =
Sin 48°

Dist AV1 = 39°28’54”

Dist AV1 = 2368.9’

Saya MTL & HKK

 Sin Lat B
Cos Dist BV2 =
Sin Max Lat

Sin 43°40’
Cos Dist BV2 =
Sin 48°

Dist BV2 = 21°42’12”’

Dist BV2 = 1302.2’

Saya MTL & HKK

Dist V1V2 = Cos Max Lat x D.Long V1V2

Dist V1V2 = Cos 48° x 2700.3’

Dist V1V2 = 1806.9’

Total Distance = Distance AV1 + Distance V1V2 + Distance BV2

= 2368.9’ + 1806.9’ + 1302.2’

Total Distance = 5478’

Saya MTL & HKK

To find longitude of vertex V1 & V2

Long of V1 = Long of A +/- D.Long AV1

Long of V1 = 020°10’E + 50°54.9’E

Long of V1 = 071°04.9’E
Long of V2 = Long of B +/- D.Long BV2

Long of V2 = 146°50’E - 30°44.8’W

Long of V2 = 116°05.2’E

Ans : Initial course = S 54°46.3 E

Total Distance = 5478 N.m
V1 Long = 071°04.9 E
V2 Long = 116°05.2’E
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HKK