Crim 3

3 main sources of behavior • Nurture (care)

1. Desire
- Needs & wants that can be fulfilled when you do 3. Biological vs External
it with actions.

2. Emotion 1. Development in Childhood

- Can titillate your behavior • Imitation
• Language
3. Knowledge • Cognitive
- Learned and earned • Symbolic activity of mannerism
• Make up of intelligence

Human behavior 2. Emotional and Social Development

- Potential to express capacity for physical, • Self-empathy
emotional, and social activity during the phases
• Peer socialization
of human life.
• Personality traits
• Problems in development
• Parents and socialization of the child
Phases of Life
1. Pre-natal (infancy – adulthood) • Self-awareness
- Foundation of an individual (holistic approach) • Moral sense
2. Human development • Self-concept
- Changes in cognitive
*assessment 3. Development in Adolescence
*analyzation • Psychological aspects
*creativity • Cognition
*evaluation • Social context (e.g. teenage pregnancy)
*understanding • Personality wise

4. Development in Adulthood & Old Age

Theories in Human Development • Central nervous processing
1. Psychoanalytic theory
- Advocated by Sigmud Freud Daniel Levinson
- Innate desires ➢ Pre-Adulthood (0-22 years old)
• Id (result: jealousy or to commit crime) ➢ Early Adulthood (17-45 years old)
• Ego (let’s work on it whether +/-) ➢ Middle Adulthood (40-64 years old)
• Superego (morality; controller; balancer) ➢ Late Adulthood (60-85 years old)
➢ Late Late Adulthood (80 & above)
2. Jean Piaget’s theory
Classification of Human Behavior
3. Learning theory 1. Optimistic
- Based on American views 2. Pessimistic
- Learning is crucial aspect in one’s life 3. Trust
- Reward and punishment 4. Envy

2 Recognized Learning Theory Processes Types of Behavior

1. Classical – Repeating continuously 1. Overt
2. Instrumental/operant – response of stimuli; action 2. Covert
3. Conscious
4. Unconscious
Theories of Development 5. Rational & Irrational
1. Genetics vs Environment 6. Voluntary
• Genetics (origin) 7. Involuntary
• The result is migration Types of Sexual Desire
2. Nature vs. Nurture 1. Spontaneous sexual desire
• Nature (values) - Continuity to have sexual activity; abnormal
 Crim 3
2. Responsive sexual desire 6 Human Universal Characteristics
- Action of being aggressive when you see Intuitive – impression Motivated
somebody seducing Self-centered Social
Emotional Hopeful
3. Contextual sexual desire
- Normal (married couple) Human Behavior in Criminology
- Collection of behavior exhibited by human
beings and influenced by culture, society, values,
Evolution of Human Development morals, ethics, and genetics.
Evolution of Human Development - Field of Criminology: the study of human
- Lengthy process of change by which people behavior is significant in order to discover
originated from ape-like ancestors. recurrent patterns and formulate rules about
man’s social behavior.
Stages of Human Evolution
1. Dryopithecus
- Ape-like ancestors; common ancestors of men Bizarre Sexual Fetishes
and apes 1. Abrasion
- Sub-category of BDSM that involves feeling
2. Ramapithecus aroused by scratchy or harsh surfaces (e.g.
- Living in open grassland; usage of hands for sandpaper)
foods
2. Acrotomophilia
3. Australopithecus - Arousal to amputees
- Dwarfism
3. Actirasty
4. Homo Habilis - Arousal to sun rays
- Live in trees
4. Agalmatophilia
5. Homo Erectus - Feeling aroused by statues
- Live in caves
5. Anasteemaphilia
6. Homo Sapiens Neandethelansis - Arousal to a person of extreme stature – giant or
- Cranial capacity is bigger than normal dwarf

7. Homo Sapiens Sapiens 6. Apotemnophilia

- Improvement version of apelike ancestors; - Arousal to oneself as an amputee
humans

7. Autogynephilia
Charles Darwin - Males feel aroused by one self’s female form – in
4 Distinct Development reality or imagination.
1. Natural Selection
- Way of improving a person through natural birth 8. Autoplushophilia
(genes) - Feeling attracted to oneself when imagining
being dressed as a giant cartoon, stuffed animal,
2. Struggle for existence or plush toy.
3. Survival of the fittest
4. Variation
9. Chasmophilia
Human Behavior - Arousal to caves and crevices
External factors affecting human behavior:
▪ Job loss 10. Claustrophilia
▪ Financial problem - Arousal in closed and confined spaces.
▪ Stress
▪ Loss of loved ones 11. Climacophilia
▪ Unemployed - Arousal to falling down stairs
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12. Corophilia 28. Nasolingus
- Arousal to feces - Arousal to sucking on a partner’s nose

13. Cuckolding 29. Nebulophilia

- A female partner sleeping with another man to - Feeling aroused by fog
humiliate her male partner while he is aware of
the relationship. 30. Necrophilia
- Feeling aroused by corpses
14. Electrostimulation
- Using the power of electricity-electric shock-for 31. Objectophilia
kink. - Arousal to a particular object, regardless of
whether it has been in physical contact with the
15. Ephebophilia desired person or not.
- Arousal by adolescents- between the age of 15-
19. 32. Partialism
- Feeling sexually aroused by body parts other
16. Erotic Asphyxiation / Breath Play than the reproductive ones.
- Limiting the supply of Oxygen the brain during
sex to intensify orgasm and heighten arousal. 33. Pedophilia
- Arousal to prepubescent children (below 9 yrs
17. Exhibitionism old)
- Arousal to displaying one’s sexual organs in
public. 34. Podophilia
- Feeling aroused by feet
18. Fetishism
- Arousal to objects that have physically been in 35. Psellismophilia
contact with the desired person. - Aroused by the act of stuttering

19. Formicophilia 36. Psychrophilia

- Feeling arousal by insects - Arousal to being cold and watching others who
are cold.
20. Frotteurism
- Aroused by touching a stranger secretly in 37. Pteronphilia
crowded places. - Feeling aroused when tickled by feathers.

21. Gerontophilia 38. Pubephilia

- Arousal to elderly - Arousal to pubic hair
22. Hebephilia
- Arousal to the children (11-14 years old) 39. Pygophilia
- Arousal to buttocks
23. Catoptrophobia
- Aroused by the thought of having sex or actual 40. Quirofilia
having sex in front of the mirrors. - Feeling specifically attracted to fingers, a good
manicure, or hands.
24. Knismolagnia
- Arousal caused by being tickled. 41. Sadism
- Arousal by causing physical and psychological
25. Lithophilia pain.
- Aroused by stones and gravels
42. Savantophilia
26. Masochism - Sexual arousal and attraction to mentally
- Arousal to experiencing physical and challenged and deformed.
psychological pain
43. Spectrophilia
27. Melissaphilia/Melissophilia - Sexual attraction to ghosts or images in the
- Arousal to bees and wasps mirrors
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44. Stygiophilia
- Feeling aroused by the thought of damnation or • Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
hellfire. - Emotionally unstable

45. Teleiophilia • Histronic Personality Disorder

- Arousal to reproductive-ageed adults - Attention seeker

46. Teratophilia • Narcissistic Personality Disorder

- Sexual attraction to monsters or deformed - Excessive awareness and wants of
people something

47. Titillgnia C. Anxious

- Arousal to tickling others • Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Worried personality disorder; worry about
48. Transvestic Fetishism future
- Arousal to women’s garments touching male’s
skin • Dependent Personality Disorder
- Overwhelm
49. Trichophilia
- Sexually aroused by human hair and animal fur • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Disorder
50. Urophilia/ Golden Shower/ Water Sports - Perfectionism
- Arousal to urine
3 Worst Cases of PD
51. Vorarephilia 1. Severe Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Arousal to eating the body parts of another 2. Severe Borderline Personality Disorder
person. 3. Severe Narcissistic Personality Disorder
52. Voyeurism
- Arousal to spying on others for sexual pleasure Antisocial Behavior
1. Excessive noise
53. Xylophilia 2. Shouting, swearing/fighting
- Arousal to the wood 3. Threats/intimidation
54. Zoophilia 4. Abusive behavior/verbal abuse
- Sexual fixation on non-human animals 5. Damage to property/vandalism

Personality Disorders PRESENCE OF MIND DISTORTION LEADING TO

Personality Disorder PERSONALITY DISORDER
- Commonly identified in people who commit
violent crimes.

Causes of Personality Disorder

Types of Personality Disorders Genetics (5 generations)
A. Suspicious Childhood trauma
• Paranoid Personality Disorder Verbal abuse
- Insecure High reactivity
Peers
• Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Loner
Crime and Mental Disorder
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder − Historical links between mental illness and
- Distorted thoughts criminality
− Media representations – those who commit
B. Emotional & Impulsive brutal and apparently senseless crimes
• Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) mentally disordered.
- Unpleasant
 Crim 3
− Opinion surveys – people link mental illness
especially schizophrenia with violence and
dangerousness.

A. Anti-social Personality Disorder from DSM –

IV
• Disregard for the rights of others
* Behaves in a way that is grounds for
arrest, deceitful, and manipulative,
impulsive, aggressive,
irresponsible, and lack of remorse
• 18 or older
• History of child trauma

B. Sociopathy
Signs and Traits of Sociopath
• Hunger for power and dominance
• Devious/deceptive tendencies
• Ruthless in the pursuit of their goals
• Hostile/aggressive towards others
• Easily angered/irritated
• Irresponsible decision-making
• Superficial charm and forces of
persuasion
• Broken moral compass/limited
conscience
• Few close bonds
• Manipulative tendencies
• Entitlement and impunity
• Socially deviant
• Cheap thrilling-seeking tendencies
• Oppurtunistic in all wrong ways
• Emotional detachment

Cluster A Cluster B Cluster C

(Odd/Eccentric) (Dramatic/Erratic) (Anxious/Fearful)
Paranoid Antisocial Avoidant
Distrusting and suspicious Disregard for and violation of the Socially inhibited feelings of
interpretation of the motives of rights of others inadequacy, hypersensitivity to
others negative evaluation
Schizoid Borderline Dependent
Social detachment and Unstable relationships, self-image, Submissive behavior, need to be
restricted emotional expression affects, and impulsivity taken care of
Schizotypal Histronic Obsessive-Compulsive
Social discomfort, cognitive Excessive emotionally and Preoccupation with orderliness,
distortions, behavioral attention seeking perfectionism, and control
eccentricities
Narcissistic
Grandiosity, need for admiration,
lack of empathy
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C. Psychopathy

Criminal Psychopaths

• 3 times more likely to commit violence than

other offenders.
• 2.5 times more likely to commit other antisocial
acts (e.g. lying & sexual exploitation)

Psychopath
− A person suffering from chronic mental disorder
with abnormal or violent social behavior.

Sociopath
− A person with a personality disorder manifesting
itself in extreme antisocial attitudes and
behaviors and a lack of conscience.
 Crim 3
A. Types of Defenses ▪ History of substance abuse
− In Criminal Law, a defense is a legal position
taken by the accused to defeat the charges.
− Defenses can be either C. Insanity Defense
* Factual − A defense where the individual who’s changed
* Affirmative with a crime admits that they committed a crime
* Procedural but claim that they aren’t responsible for the
crime due to mental illness.
Other Types of Defenses
• Entrapment • Jeffrey Dahmer killed and ate parts of
- Induced by law enforcement to commit
his victims, kept bodies as part of his
a crime
trophies.
• Duress • Gracy murdered 33 young boys and
- Commits a crime because they were buried most of them under his house.
forced to do it.

• Necessity Justifying Circumstances

- Commit an act that is unavoidable to
protect life.
B. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
− A reaction to an extreme trauma, which
causes pervasive distress to the individual.
− Mental health condition where the
memories of past traumatic events causes
recurrent mental and physical distress.
− Witness or directly experienced traumatic
events.
− The traumatic events may include:
* Disasters (natural/man-made)
* Combat
* War
* Rape
* Torture
* Terrorism
PTSD affects 8 million people in the USA
1. Self-defense
- Anyone who acts in defense of his
person or rights, provided that the
following circumstances occur:
a. Unlawful aggression
b. Reasonable necessity of the means
employed to prevent or repel it.
c. Lack of sufficient provocation on the
part of the person defending himself.
D. Minority
− A section or group of people which are less than
50% of total population in a particular region
with less social, political, economic, and
cultural impact in society and are dominated by
majority.
Republic Act No. 8371
- Otherwise known as the “Indigenous
Peoples’ Right Act of 1997”
- Approved on October 29, 1997

Causes of PTSD Self-Government Under the IPRA

a. Stressful experiences A. Four-fold rights
b. Trauma 1. Right to Ancestral Domain/Lands
c. Mental illness 2. Right to Self-governance and
d. Predisposition to mental illness or family Empowerment
history of mental illness 3. Social Justice and Human Rights
4. Cultural Integrity
Risk Factors for PTSD
▪ Long lasting trauma B. Primacy of Customary Law and Practices
▪ Childhood sexual abuse in Conflicts Resolution
▪ Other childhood trauma
▪ A job where you’re exposed to trauma such as
military position
▪ Lack of sound support system
▪ Seeing someone get hurt Right to Cultural Integrity
 Crim 3
• To preserve & protect their culture, traditions and
institutions
• Access to various cultural opportunities
• Dignity and diversity of cultures
• Community intellectual rights
• Religious, cultural sites and ceremonies
• IKSPs and develop their own science &
technologies
• Protect their resources and FPIC
• Sustainable agro-technological development
• Funds for archaeological, historical sites & artifacts

FPIC
 Free: consent is given voluntarily and absent of
coercion, intimidation, or manipulation. The process is
self-directed by the community from whom consent is
being sought unencumbered by coercion, expectations
or timelines that are externally imposed.

 Prior: consent is sought sufficiently in advance of any

authorization or commencement of activities.

 Informed: engagement and type of information that

should be provided prior to seeking consent and as part
of the ongoing process. Information should be
accessible, clear, consistent, accurate, constant, and
transparent and delivered in appropriate language and
culturally appropriate format.

 Consent: refers to the collective decision made by the

rights-holders and reached through the customary
decision-making processes of the communities.

E. Senile
− It is the term used to describe an individual who
experiences senility due to old age. The word
"senility" means the state of both physical and
mental decline associated with old age. Senility is
tuy commonly seen among the elderly. The concept
of senility is also commonly compared to dementia.