National Junior College Mathematics Department 2016

National Junior College

2015 – 2016 H2 Mathematics
Complex Numbers Tutorial 2 (Geometry & Loci) Solutions

Basic Mastery Questions Im 3

1 (a) z 3 z 0 3
Locus of z is a circle with centre at (0,0) and radius Re
3 units. -3 O 3

-3
Im
2
(b) z 1 2 z ( 1) 2
Locus of z is a circle with centre at ( 1,0) and Re
radius 2 units
-3 O 1
Label origin, length of radius and axis intersections
-2

(c) 4 2iz 6 Im
2i z 2i 6 1
-3 3 Re
2i z 2i 6
O
2z 2i 6
z 2i 3
Locus of z is a circle centered at (0, 2)
and radius 3 units. -5

Im
1
(d) z 3 4i 3 4i -8 O2
A Re
z 3 4i 32 ( 4) 2 5

z 3 4i 5
Locus of z is a circle centered at
( 3, 4) and radius 5 units. -9

Im
(e) z ( 2) z ( 1 3i)
Locus of z is a perpendicular bisector
of the line joining ( 2,0) and ( 1,3) .
Re
O

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(f) z i z i Im
z i z ( i) (0,1)
Locus of
Locus of z is a perpendicular bisector
of line joining (0,1) and (0, 1) . Re
O

(0,-1)
On the diagram, indicating construction line and a right angle
(g) 2 z 1 2i 1 2z 1 Im
, 1
1 1 2 1
2 z i ( 2) z
2 2
Re
1 1
2 z i 2 z O
2 2
1 1
z i z
2 2
1 1
Locus of z is a perpendicular bisector of the line joining ,1 and ,0 .
2 2
2
(h) 5 z 1 150 Im
2
5 z 1 150
2
z 1 30 Re
z 1 30 or z 1 30 z = -1 O
(Rejected radius 0)
z ( 1) 30
Locus of z is a circle centered at ( 1,0) with
radius 30 units.
Im

(i) arg( z 4)
2
Locus of z is a half-line at (4,0) and
O (4,0) Re
makes an angle of with the positive
2
x-axis. Indicate angle and the direction of angle!!
draw hollow circle and dotted horizontal line
Im
(j) arg z 3 i (-3,1)
3
1 1
arg z 3 i Re
2 3
-3 O
2
arg z 3 i
3
Locus of z is a half-line at ( 3,1) and
2
makes an angle of with the positive x-axis.
3

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3
(k) arg(1 iz ) Im
4
3
arg( i)( z i)
4 O Re
3
arg( i) arg z ( i) (0,-1)
4
3
arg z ( i)
2 4
5 3
arg z ( i)
4 4
3
Locus of z is a half-line at (0,1) and makes an angle of with positive x-axis.
4
1 z
(l) arg arg 1 z arg 1 i
1 i 6 6

arg 1 z Im
4 6
5
arg( 1)( z 1)
12
5
arg( 1) arg( z 1)
12 O (1,0) Re
17 7
arg( z 1)
12 12
7
Locus of z is a half line at (1,0) and makes an angle of with the positive x-axis.
12
(m) zz* z 6
Im
2
z z 6
z z 6

O (6,0) Re

z=3

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2 (a) Im( z ) 2 Im

O Re

2
(b) z2 36 z 36 z 6
Im
6

-6 6 Re
O

-6

(c) 1 2z 1 15i 1 Im
1 2 2
1 (2) z 15 12
2
1 Re
1 2 z 4
2 O 1
1 1
z 2
2 2

-2
(d) z 2 z 1 3i Im
z ( 2) z 1 3i (-1,3) 3

Re
(-2,0) -1 O

2
(e) arg(2 z 2) Im
2 3
2
arg(2)( z 1)
2 3
2
arg(2) arg( z 1)
2 3
2 O (1,0) Re
arg( z 1)
2 3

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2
(f) arg z 1 i Im
3
(1,1)
2 arg z 1 i 1
3
6
arg z (1 i) O Re
6
note the correct region to shade
z z* 1
2Re( z ) 1
1
Re( z )
2
Im
(g) z z 1

arg z
4 4
O z=1 Re

Im
(h) Im( z ) 3
arg z 1 i tan 1 2 2
4 z = -1 + i 1
where tan 1 2 tan 2 -1 O Re

(i) z i 2
z 1 z 1 i Im

(0,1)
Re
O

(1,−1)

Im
(j) arg z i
4 2
(0,2)
0 arg z 2i
4
(0,1)

O Re

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3 (i) z a
Im
Locus of P
A

O Re

(ii) z a 2a Im
modulus of a is the distance btn A and origin Locus of P

Re
O

Im
(iii) z a z

Re
O
Locus of p

(iv) arg( z a) arg(a) Im

A
0 Re

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Tutorial Questions

π 3π
1 (i) arg z1 , z1 2 while arg z2 , z2 2 . Hence
3 4
π π
z1 2 cos i sin ,
3 3
3π 3π
z2 2 cos i sin
4 4

(ii)
(iii) Im
z
π *
* i
z1 2e 3

z2 i
3π 2
4
2e
*
× (1 , √3)
13π -13π
i i
12
2e 12
2e

i
11π O Re
12
2e (-1 , -1) ○
11π 11π
2 cos i sin
12 12

(iv) Since the circle z z1 2 is symmetrical about the line Re z 1 and passes through
0, 0 , it will also passes through 2, 0 where it meets the positive real axis.
Or when y=0, solve the eqn (refer to tutorial scripts)
2 arg z 2 3i
3
z 2 i k is a circle centered at (2, 1) with radius k units.
Im
(i)
2 3 6
k C (2,1)
sin k
4
1 0 Re
k 4sin 4
6 2
k 2 ( shown)
A (2,-3)

(ii) From the Argand diagram, observed that 2 < k < 4 such that the two loci intersect at two
points.

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3 Let z x iy Im
P (0,3)
z z 2
x iy x 2 iy
2 (-3,0) (3,0)
x2 y2 x 2 y2 0
−1 Re
2 2 2 2
x y x 4x 4 y
4x 4 0
Q (0,-3)
x 1 ( shown)

1
cos
3
1.23096
Let P and Q represent complex numbers z1 and z2 respectively.
arg( z1 ) 1.91
arg( z2 ) 1.91

z a b is a circle centered at a with radius b units, passing through P and Q.

PQ is the diameter of the circle such that b is least.

Least b 32 12 8 2 2
a 1 (Note: a is real.)

4 (i)

(ii) 22 52 3 29 3
How do you know?=> since6-2=4 and 1-5= -4
(iii) The line joining the centre of the circle to the point 6+i makes right angle with the line
. Hence, the two points marked P corresponds to the maximum distance.
4
2 2
By the intersection of the line y x and circle x 2 y 5 32 , we find that the
2 2
two points are (2, 2) and (5, 5). The max distance is 6 2 1 2 17 .
OR from observation, the 2 pts are the pts of intersection and since they are on the line x=y,
they can be writen as (a+ai)=> use the eqn of the cirlce to solve for a

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5 z (1 i) 2 Im
arg( z 1) (0,3)
2 2
(0,1)
Least tan(arg z ) tan 1
3 O (1,0) Re
Greatest tan(arg z ) tan 3
1
8 6i (0,-1)
6 (a) 1 1
z
z 8 6i
1
z
z 8 6i
1
z
z 8 6i z 0

(b) Consider the right angled triangle OAB

5
AOB cos 1
6
6 5
Least arg z tan 1 cos 1 0.058
8 6
6 5
Greatest arg z tan 1 cos 1 1.229
8 6

7 If arg p arg q ,

p
arg arg p arg q Im
q
1 3a R
2 tan P z = 7a
4a
1 3
2 tan 1.29 z = 4a
4

If arg p arg q ,
z=a
Q
p O
arg arg p arg q Re
q
1 3a 1 3
2 tan 2 tan 1.29
4a 4

p q OP OQ = OR
2 distance between O and centre of the circle
2 4a 8a

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8k 1
i i
8 (i) z7 (1 i) 2e 4 2e 4

1 8k 1
i
z 214 e 28
,k 0, 1, 2, 3

(ii) Explanation 1. z z1 z z2
defines a set of points equidistant
from z1 and z2. Since both z1 and z2
are equidistant from the origin as
they lie on the circumference of a
circle centred at the origin, the origin
must be a point on the locus.

Alternatively, they can show that the

point (0, 0) satisfy the equation given,
arguing that z1 z2 since they are
radius of a circle.

OR

Explanation 2. The points z1, z2 and the origin defines an isosceles triangle with OZ1 =
OZ2. A perpendicular bisector of the line joining z1 and z2 (base of the triangle) will pass
through the vertex (the origin) of the triangle.

OR

Explanation 3. Line joining z1 and z2 is a chord of a circle centred at the origin. A

perpendicular bisector of the chord will pass through the centre of the circle (which is
the origin). [This is related to a property of circles they learnt in sec 3/4.]

Angle with which bisector makes with positive real axis

2 1 5
=
28 7 2 28
5
Hence, the locus is y x tan
28

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9
z 2 1 cos isin
z 2 2cos i2sin
hinted by the qn that it is a circle=>
z 2 2 cos i2 sin try to manipulate into the standard form of a circle

4 cos 2 4 sin 2

4 sin 2 cos 2

4(1) 2
z 2 2

Locus of z is a circle centred at (2,0) with radius 2 units.

max z ( i) AD
AC 2
22 (0 ( 1) 2 ) 2
5 2
Since triangle CDF and triangle CAO are
DF FC CD
similar,
AO OC CA

DF FC 2 2 5 4 5
DF and FC
1 2 5 5 5
4 5 2 5
The coordinates of D are 2 , , the corresponding value of z is
5 5
4 5 2 5
2 i.
5 5

min z ( i) AB
AC 2
5 2
2 5 4 5
Since triangle CFD and triangle CEB are congruent, BE DF and EC FC .
5 5
4 5 2 5
The coordinates of D are 2 , , the corresponding value of z is
5 5
4 5 2 5
2 i.
5 5

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Challenging Questions

2z i
1 (n) 1
z 2i
2 z i z 2i
Im
Let z x iy (0,1)
2 x i2 y i x iy 2i
2x i 2 y 1 x i y 2 (-1,0) (1,0)
2 2 2 O Re
2x 2y 1 x2 y 2
4 x2 4 y2 4 y 1 x2 y2 4 y 4
(0,-1)
3x 2 3 y 2 3
x2 y2 1

2 (i) The greatest value of z 4 i satisfying the

Im
aforementioned conditions is the largest distance
from the point (0,4) to the shaded region, which is
the distance between (0,4) and (4, –2),

(0, 2) (4, 2)
i.e (0 4)2 (4 ( 2))2 52 2 13 units.
(1, 0) (2, 0)
Re

(0,–2)

(ii) Im

(0, 2)

Re
(1, 0) (2, 0)
(0,–2) (4,–2 )

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