NJC Mathematics Department 2015

National Junior College

2015 – 2016 H2 Mathematics
Differential Equations Assignment Solutions

1 Differentiate the substitution with respect to x: [M1]

v dy 1 dv v
y 1.5
x dx x dx 2 x

Substitute into differential equation:

dy
2x x y 3
dx
1 dv v v
2x x 3
x dx 2 x1.5 x
dv [A1]
2 x x 3
dx
dv x 3
dx 2 x [M1]
x 3
v dx dx
2 2 x
x1.5
3 x C
3
y
x
3
C
. [A1]
3 x
1(i) dy
Substitute 0 into differential equation:
dx
2 x(0) x y 3
[B1]
y x 3.

To prove that the straight line passes through minimum

points, we differentiate the differential equation:
dy d2 y dy [M1]
2 2x 2 1
dx dx dx
d2 y 1 dy
2
1 3
dx 2x dx
1 dy
( 0)
2x dx
0 d2 y
[A1] - 2 0 with an
1 dx
( x 0 in order for to be defined). explanation why x > 0.
x

Therefore the straight line passes through the

minimum points of some members of the family of
solution curves.

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 NJC Mathematics Department 2015

1(ii)
[B1,2,3]

Note that the straight line

must pass through the
minimum points of the two
solution curves.

The above diagram shows a plot for the required

curves.

Note that in your sketch, curves should not touch the

asymptote x = 0.

2(i) dy
e x x C . [M1] Attempt to substitute
dx
d2 y dy d2 y
e x x C e x. both and 2
dx 2 dx dx
Therefore into DE.
d 2 y dy
LHS
dx 2 dx [A1] (a.g.).
e x x C e x e x
x C
e x
RHS (shown).
2(ii) dy [M1] Attempt to integrate
dx e x
x C dx by parts.
dx
y e x
x C e x
dx
[A1] Integrate e x and
e x
x C e x
D. differentiate x C .
1
Since y when x 0 , [A1] Successful
e integration by parts
1
e C 1 D C D 1 e 1. (1) (do not use C for
Also, as y 0 when x 1 , arbitrary constant).
1
0 e 1 C e1 D e 1C D 2e 1. (2) [M1] Substitute initial
conditions into
Summing (1) and (2) gives
general solution.
1 e1 C e1 1 C 1 D e 1.

Therefore particular solution is [A1] Particular solution.

y e x x 1 e x e 1.

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 NJC Mathematics Department 2015

3(i) dP P
Model A: . Model A:
dt 50
1 1 [M1] – Variable separable
dP dt method.
P 50
t
ln P C
50
t
ln P C ( P 0 is the population) [A1] – Reason for removing
50
t modulus sign should be
P De 50 (where D eC ) given. Watch for duplicate
uses of arbitrary constants.
When t 0 , P 6 so that D 6.
Therefore an expression for P in terms of t is:
t
[A1]
P 6e . 50

dP P P P(10 P) Model B:
Model B: 1 .
dt 50 10 500
1 1 [M1] – Variable separable
dP dt method and partial fractions.
P (10 P) 500
1 1
10 10 t
dP A
P 10 P 500
1 t
ln P ln 10 P A
10 500
P t
ln 10 A
10 P 50 [M1] – Treatment for
P t
10 A modulus sign.
e 50
10 P
t
P
e10 Ae 50
10 P
P t [A1] – Watch for duplicate
10 A
Be 50
(where B e ) uses of arbitrary constants.
10 P
3
When t 0 , P 6 so that B .
2
Therefore an expression for P in terms of t is:
P 3 50t
e
10 P 2
t
2P (30 3P)e 50

30e0.02t 30
P 0.02 t
or 0.02 t
. [A1]
2 3e 2e 3

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 NJC Mathematics Department 2015

3(ii) After a long period of time, i.e., as t ,

t
Model A: P 6e 50 . [B1] Model B is more
30 30 appropriate than Model A (or
Model B: P 10.
2e 0.02t
3 0 3 Model B is appropriate, but
not Model A)
Under Model A, the population increases indefinitely
with time whereas under Model B, there is a limit to the [B1] Any explanation based
population. Model B may be more appropriate because on observing the effect of
the increase in population may be limited by the natural population after a long period
resources available. of time.

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