Professional Documents
Culture Documents
07 - One Population Hypothesis Testing
07 - One Population Hypothesis Testing
07 - One Population Hypothesis Testing
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
● The statement or the claim contradicts with the observation. For example, if a company claims that, the average weight of their
products is at least 50. However, based on the sample, the average weight of the sample is only 49. Consequently, the
hypothesis testing must be conducted to justify whether we are able to reject the company’s claim.
● It is often that, the claim is put in H0. Based on H0 , the alternative H1 is identified
● However, in case it is difficult to identify H0, H1 can be identified first through comparing the real observations with the value
in the claim. For the above example, the mean of the sample is 49<50. So
● Under the null hypothesis, if the probability that we obtain the sample is too small, i.e., smaller than significant level , we
think that it cannot occur, so we reject the null hypothesis.
● For example, if someone tell you that a coin is fair, i.e., Ho: P(Head) =0.5. You tossed a coins 10 times and you got 9 Heads,
and 1 Tails. You use the null hypothesis that H0: P(Head)= 0.5 to calculate the probability that in 10 tosses , we obtains less
than 1 tail is only 0.0107. Since it is extremely rare to occur, but it already occurred => the null hypothesis maybe wrong, so
we reject the null hypothesis
● 2-tailed test:
● 1-tailed test:
● Sample size: n
● Mean of sample:
2-TAILED TEST
Sample size: n Small sample size (n<30) Large sample size (n>30)
Hypothesis
Distribution of
z-distribution: t-distribution: , z-distribution:
Test statistic
Critical Values
Confident interval
of population
mean
1-TAILED TEST
Sample size: n Small sample size (n<30) Large sample size (n>30)
Hypothesis
Distribution of
z-distribution: t-distribution: , z-distribution:
Test statistic
Critical Values
Confident interval
of population
mean
PROPROTION TEST
Sample size: n n
Hypothesis
Distribution of
z-distribution: z-distribution:
Test statistic
Critical Values
Reject Ho if : Reject Ho if :
Decision
Confident interval
of population
mean
VARIANCE TEST
Sample size: n n
Hypothesis
Distribution of
χ2 -distribution: χ2 -distribution:
Test statistic
Critical Values
Reject Ho if : Reject Ho if :
Decision
Confident interval of
population mean
Assignments
07 Regression Analysis 8
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (IU) Engineering Probability & Statistic
ISE Department Lecturer: Phan Nguyễn Kỳ Phúc
--------------------o0o------------------
Question 4: An advertisement for a new toothpaste claims that it reduces cavities of children in
their cavity-prone years. Cavities per year for this age group are normal with mean 3 and
standard deviation 1. A study of 2,500 children who used this toothpaste found an average of
2.95 cavities per child. Assume that the standard deviation of the number of cavities of a child
using this new toothpaste remains equal to 1.
1. Are these data strong enough, at the 5 percent level of significance, to establish the claim of
the toothpaste advertisement?
Question 5: The weights of salmon grown at a commercial hatchery are normally distributed
with a standard deviation of 1.2 pounds. The hatchery claims that the mean weight of this year’s
crop is at least 7.6 pounds. Suppose a random sample of 16 fish yielded an average weight of 7.2
pounds. Is this strong enough evidence to reject the hatchery’s claims at the
Question 6: A medical scientist believes that the average basal temperature of (outwardly)
healthy individuals has increased over time and is now greater than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37
07 Regression Analysis 9
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (IU) Engineering Probability & Statistic
ISE Department Lecturer: Phan Nguyễn Kỳ Phúc
--------------------o0o------------------
degrees Celsius). To prove this, she has randomly selected 100 healthy individuals. If their mean
temperature is 98.74 with a sample standard deviation of 1.1 degrees, does this prove her claim
at the 5 percent level? What about at the 1 percent level?
Would you conclude, at the 5 percent level of significance, that the fiber is
unacceptable? What about at the 10 percent level of significance?
Question 2: It is believed that the proportion of population with the BS. Degree is
4%. So10000 are sampled and 450 get the Bs. Degree.
Would you conclude, at the 5 percent level of significance,? What about at the 10
percent level of significance?
07 Regression Analysis 10