6 OLOTIPAC

RUKAHT SADIRAH
IZAK LI E

-is oiggalliv nu ,ailuF a essiv sadiraH opmet ehclauq reP

e tahganaR art adarts àtem a ,egnaG led evir ellus otaut
is ailuF .elatnediccO alagneB ,aidaN id ottertsid len ,rupitnaS
atiavdA avedeisir evod ,rupitnaS a oniciv otlom avavort
àtilibissop al ereva retop id ecilef otlom are sadiraH e ,ayracA
.aingapmoc aus alled eredog id
etanroig el averrocsart sadiraH ,elibaffeni aioig id omloC
itteggo ilgad otaccatsiD .erongiS led imon itnas i odnatnac
-nart odnom otseuq id issab e itla ilgad otabrutsidni e inadnom
.elatnednecsart enidutitaeb alled onaeco’llen avatoun ,oirotis
noc etneuqerf id avagav ,”anhsirK irS“ ecov atla da odnetepiR
-accatta nucla odneva noN .egnaG led evir el ognul aioig narg
noigar a are ilge ,odnom led irecaip ilovegguf i rep otnem
-nunorp id iam avettems noN .itecsa ilged eroilgim li atudev
.otnemom nu rep onemmen emon otnas li eraic
-orp ilge ,itkahb alled àtilauq etavele ùip elled azneulfni reP
is ,avedir ,avegnaip ,avatnac ,avaznad :itnemitnes irav avav
inges i oproc li ottut us aveva ,everb nI .arret rep avalotor
ehc ,onivid otnemipar ad itasuac ,ilautirips inoizaretla elled
-eps òup ,otavele otlom ortlarep ,anhsirK irS id otoved nu olos
-dus i ittut ,eraznad a avaicnimoc sadiraH aneppA .eratnemir
-roc ous lus onavirapmoc eloveroma enoizoved id inges itted
-irips enidutitaeb id enoizadnoni asoilgivarem ehC !hO .op
 221
li onisrep alredev olos la e ,otra ous ingo avangab assE !elaut
.aioig id otats onu ni otatropsart avitnes is ieta ilged eroiggep
-oizome enoizoved id inges iteusnocni e isoilgivarem itseuQ
non rep ,amharB e avihS emoc aved idnarg onisrep onavan
.irtla ilged iop rid
iad itanoisserpmi otlom onare oiggalliv leuq id anamharb I
,enoizoved alled opmac len itnemignuiggar isoilgivarem ious
.otnas narg nu emoc avattecca ol orol id etrap roiggam al e
-arebil avagav sadiraH ,egnaG len ongab li ottaf reva opoD
emon otnas li etnemetnassecni odnatnac onrotni’ttut etnem
otlom òrep are non otnematropmoc ous otseuQ .ecov atla da
onem rocna e ,anamharb id enoizes atrec anu ad otazzerppa
è opit otseuq id etneg aL .otsop led inamlusum irotanimod iad
-god ittertsir id ottogaf nu enoigiler al eraredisnoc a atautiba
acificap alleuq us eridir ad odnavorT.inoizirtsoc errazzib e im
a isroppo rep onoraella is isse ,sadiraH id enoiza acifeneb e
.ilaicos eznasu ella enoizaloiv evarg anu alodnaredisnoc ,iul
is iuc noc emon ortla – ihtarigahB led elatnedicco otal luS
bawaN nU .aubmA id àttic al avavort is – egnaG li angised
-ma id otaciracni elaer elaiciffu etnetop nu ,erotanrevog nu(
reitrauq ous li ìl aveva )itnatsocric iggalliv i e àttic al erartsinim
-eva ehc e ,sadiraH a onavenoppo is ehc anamharb I .elareneg
-iS led itoved i osrev aizicimini atacidar e adnoforp anu onav
-ed alla onoravirra ilacol inamlusum i noc odnaripsoc ,erong
-id eraerc id asucca’l noc sadiraH erinup id eminanu enoisic
etodrecas ,izaK la atatropir uf enoitseuq aL .elaicos enidros
-noc reva opod elauq li ,elacol erotartsinimma e onamlusum
id esiced ,osac oretni’lled enoizagitsevni atarucca’nu ottod
id erotanrevog li ,eroirepus ous led enoiznetta’lla olropottos
-revog lad anosrep id òdna izaK li otisoporp otseuq A .aubmA
erinup id eseihc ilg e adneccaf al attut id òmrofni’l ,erotan
rep malsI’l otaicsal reva rep eralpmese odom ni sadiraH
.omsiudnI’l
321 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

ehgral id ,ecid is emoc ,iul ehcnaen are non erotanrevog lI

esimE .àtledurc aus al rep otuicsonoc ùip izna are ;etudev
uf ic non e ,sadiraH eranoigirpmi id enidro’l etnemataidemmi
.otiugese essinev enidro’l ehc amirp erednetta ad otlom
sadiraH ,anhsirK irS id aidrociresim allus odnatnoc erpmeS
-revog nu id euqnud erid ehc ,etrom al onemmen avemet non
.ireilgisnoc igavlam ious ied e erotan
nu ecevni onoravorp ailuF id itnatiba itoved e isoutriv I
-otua elled enoiza atannessid atseuq rep erecaipsid osnemmi
nu erarecracni id enoisiced orol al noc ,ehc evitanrevog àtir
etnaripsi e ecilef aus alled avavirp il ,sadiraH emoc otnas narg
.aingapmoc
aveva’l erotanrevog eledurc li enoizatise aminim al azneS
leuq A .oiranidro elanimirc nu emoc erecrac ni eratteg ottaf
aiziton al aneppa noN .onavacnam non ireinoigirp i opmet
omitni’llen ,eihccero orol ella esnuig sadiraH id otserra’lled
otoved nu are sadiraH éhccaiG .aioig narg anu onoravorp isse
al ehc erederc a isneporp ittut onare ,ollevil otavele ùip led
eloveresim orol alla enif otsop ebberva azneserp ecilpmes aus
eredeihc a ittut òicrep onoratterffa iS .itarecrac id enoizidnoc
ednarg li eredev id àtinutroppo’l ereva retop id ireirecrac orol ia
àl erassap ous lA .etrap orol allad avatisnart ertnem otoved
uf sadiraH ,enoizadipert atnat noc odnattepsa onavats ol evod
-ouc ous lI .isoisna ìsoc ittut redev len otaccot etnemadnoforp
-noc ieuq id atsiv alla esloics is elovenoissapmoc e orenet er
-eneb eus el orol id us erevoip ecef etnemasoiznelis e itannad
eL .ittut etnemadnoforp ònoisserpmi ottepsa ous lI .inoizid
oiziporp onges nu ,aihcconig el ilgraccot a onavavirra inam
emoc osonimul otlov li ;elatrom enumoc nu ni isravort a orar
avegnuigga is ,otol id ilatep a ilimis ihcco ilgeuq noc ,anul al
.aznerappa elibaiggerapmi àig aus alled onicsaf la
id àtilanosrep elibattepsir e amissilleb alled atsiv alos allA
nu ad itnips onoranihcni’s itneserp ireinoigirp i ittut ,sadiraH
 421
non itnemitnes orol I .enoizoved e ottepsir id elarutan oslupmi
,iredised itnedra ilG .itneugesnoc itatlusir i erad a onoradrat
nu eresse iam onossop non ,aenatnemom arutan id es ehcna
issE .onavni òdna non sadiraH id oirugua eclod lI .otnemillaf
-oved ,elibaiggerapmi aioig id opmal nu erouc len onoritnes
-aibmac narg nu òtrop ehc ,anhsirK irS rep eloveroma enoiz
.orol ni otnem
leuq ni onavavort is elauq len omina’d otats ol odnatoN
-eneb iv oiD ehC“ :odnedirros essideneb il sadiraH ,otnemom
”.aro eteis emoc ìsoc erenamir erpmes etaissop ehC !acid
otlom onoritnes is ireinoigirp irevop ieuq elorap etseuq A
essavlas il ehc enoizideneb anu onavattepsa is éhciop ,isuled
eus el oreserpmoc non issE .enoigirp id ativ alled enetac ellad
otacifingis orev li etnein rep onorarreffa non ,inoiznetni iclod
osivvorpmi orol lad esrocca en es sadiraH .elorap eus elled
.otsocsan otacifingis li enrageips a òtterffa is e ,otnemarocs
ellad isuled etnemaresim etaitnes iv ittut iov ehc ognoppuS“
en non etnemaruciS“ .essid ilge ”,enoizideneb id elorap eim
onussen iam ocideneb noN .otacifingis orev li otipac eteva
-noforppa id etsacrec etnemalos eS .aizargsid ilgratroppa rep
-netni iroilgim eim elled etnemarucis etserecnivnoc iv ,erid
etnem artsov al ehc etaicsaL .ituicaipsid enetais noN .inoiz
-ta’L .etneserp otats olla è ol emoc anhsirK irS ni atrossa ais
etaissop ehC .iov rep acifeneb otlom è aro eteva ehc enidutit
e anhsirK irS id emon li emeisni eratnac otnemom otseuq ad
artsov al otnemom otseuq nI .etnemetnatsoc iuL a erasnep
id e aizilam id oreisnep ingo ad arebil etnemaretni è etnem
-eneg led iziv irtla ad e ,itneviv àtitne ertla osrev enoisserppo
ouS li odnetepir ,anhsirK irS us etnemetnassecni etatideM .er
len ovoun id etegremmi iv eS .àtlimu narg ùip al noc emon
iv eingapmoc evittac elled azneulfni rep ,elairetam odnom
anhsirK irS rep eroma orev lI .iuL id otserp neb eterehcitnemid
allen otrossa etnemadnoforp è ihc ad otunetto eresse òup non
521 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

.enadnom enosrep id aingapmoc ni ats ihc ad o ,àtinadnom

irS ,ienaropmet irecaip i etnemazzap errocnir ehc iuloc reP
.oleic len ellets elled anatnol ùip alled onatnol ùip è anhsirK
id aisomarb noc acrec e ,iuL a ottut otanodnabba ah ihc reP
o inam elled ,ossets oripser led oniciv ùip ecevni è ,oLrama
-adnom itteggo ilged eredog len atrossa etnem anU .ideip ied
a oniF .oiD id enoizazzilaer alla otnemidepmi roiggep li è in
el ,ilairetam isnes i erafsiddos id oiredised ominim li è’c ehc
onos anhsirK irS id ideip ia enoizoved al erenetto id àtilibissop
ied otnemidog li e anhsirK irS a oizivres lI .etiznimirts otlom
,atacitnemid amina‘nU .itsoppo ital eud ia onavort is isnes
li edrep ,omerpuS erongiS la oizivres li osrev ednet non ehc
-tepsa non opmet lI‘ .enadnom inoitseuq ni osoizerp opmet ous
-anigammini àticolev anu noc aiv errocs opmet lI .’onussen at
omerpuS erongiS led asuac aznes aidrociresim rep eS .elib
aingapmoc al erenetto ad atanutrof aznatsabba è anosrep anu
e ,àtinadnom alled ollenilum lad atarebil àras ,itoved irup ied
eseffo el ettuT .navagahB erivres a aznednet al asufni àras el
arim id onnarednerpir iv etneserp la itarebil eteis iv iuc id
-euQ .enadnom enosrep elled aingapmoc ni eterenrotir odnauq
.enoizaler aus alled e odnom led elibairavni arutan al è ats
-ov ehc olleuq ottut id aznatsos al è atseuq ehc eripac etevoD
-niarf eteva im e imripac a iticsuir eteis noN .ivrettemsart ovel
-er li rep enoigirp ni etaitser ehc otaredised iam oh noN .oset
-nes otseuq ni ottedeneb oh iv ehcnaen e ,ativ artsov alled ots
ilovegguf ious i e oirotisnart odnom otseuq etacitnemiD .os
.anhsirK irS id emon eclod li etnemetnatsoc etetepir e irecaip
atulosir anu id onod osoizerp li ereva etaissop iov ittut ehC
”.anhsirK irS rep enoizoved
-eneb id òmloc sadiraH osrocsid etnevommoc otseuq noC
.itneserp ìl ireinoigirp i ittut inoizid
-anidro anosrep anu rep oserp aveva’l ehc ,erotanrevog lI
-serpmi’L .oreinoigirp ovoun li oressatrop ilg ehc eseihc ,air
 621
-ilbbo ol sadiraH id àtilanosrep eralognis al e arugif etnanois
narg noc oigges nu ìrffo ilg amirppaD .isredercir a òrep onorag
:eseihc ilg ,erailimaf onot noc ,iop ,ottepsir
-euq ni itropmoc it éhcreP ?av non ehc è’c ehC !olletarF“
àtinumoc el ettut art ehc etnedive È ?eralognis ìsoc odom ots
iassa otats ies uT .eroilgim al è anamlusum alleuq odnom led
-reP .àtinumoc elibon anu ni aticsan oserp reva da otanutrof
etnemlaicos onos ehc ùdni ilged ehcitarp ella otided ies éhc
e azzar aut alled enoigiler al otidergsart iaH ?ion a iroirefni
-moc elat noC .ativ aut allen attodnoc id idotem irtla otattoda
-tepsa ioup emoc ,etneserp ativ allen otairporppani otnematrop
àig ettafelam eut el reP ?odnom ortla’llen azzevlas al itrat
-cep ivarg id eloveploc ies ,aznarongi’lla etuvod ,essemmoc
-tuip acrec ,otasrev ettal lus eregnaip evres asoc ehc a aM .itac
erad oilgov iT .osrocni ies iuc ni itaccep iad itrarebil id otsot
-oizautis acitirc atseuq ad àrevlas it ehc oilgisnoc oloccip nu
alla onrotir iaf e edef elibon artson alled mlaK li aticeR .en
-ref onoS .ossets amelborp li àrellecnac òic ,enoigiler artson
”.enoizulos adilav acinu’l ais atseuq ehc otnivnoc etnemam
otautafni etnemaraihc ,erotanrevog led elorap etseuq A
-uir non sadiraH ,ayaM ,erongiS led enoisulli’d aigrene’llad
asoilgivarem allad otidrolabs arE .eredir lad isrenettart a ìcs
odraugir a etanutrofs emina el eredulli id ayaM id àticapac
-oigiler anrete auS alled e erongiS led aznecsonoc arev alled
asir id ippocs ilg art erid a ìcsuir ,”orevvad osoilgivareM“ .en
”!unsiV irS id elovennagni eretop li è“ ,onavednerp ol ehc
-ongis orac ,itlocsa iM“ :òunitnoc ,eclod onot nu noc ,ioP
-aroda id otteggo onrete de ocinu’l È .ittut rep ,onU è oiD !er
-oig ,inamlusum o ùdni :ittut rep ,enoizarapmoc aznes ,enoiz
àtiniviD al è etnemalos ,ilgE ,ennod o inimou ,ihccev o inav
onnah non ehc ,itnarongi inamlusum i e ùdni ilG .amerpuS
ilibasnopser ilos i onos ,oiD id arutan arev alled aznecsonoc
oiD nu onaerc is issE .esoigiler àtilavir ilovecaips etseuq id
721 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

-rop ehc igitil ihccoics e ilituni odnareneg ,otarapes e osrevid

ihcrec eS .inoizaf el ebmartne id irbmem i art azzerama onat
,ittertsir ,itnacifingisni itseuq eracitnemid id otnemom nu rep
-rapmi etnem noc eripac id e ,itnemitnes icitanaf e itatnevni
-oC li ais ùdni ilged anaruP i ais odnaredisnoc ,àtirev al elaiz
-euq etrec eraciduig len àtirotua emoc inamlusum ied onar
assets alled onalrap isse ehc eripac iartop arolla olos ,inoits
assets al È .otnup otseuq us idrocnoc onos ibmartnE .àtirev
àtirev al ,enoizefrep alled enoizacifinosrep al ,àtitne anrete
ehc ,arutan rep elibitturtsidni’l ,omerpuS erongiS li ,elibisivni
-oum is idnom i ittut id itnatiba ilG .ittut id erouc len edeisir
-erpuS erongiS ossets ol ehc enoizaripsi’lla odrocca ni onov
omerpuS erongiS lI !anujrA hO‘ .etnem orol allen ednofni om
-op auS al osrevartta inittarub ied emoc avij el ettut arvonam
-eilgisnoc emoc erouc orol len aromid e ,ayaM ,anretse aznet
ossets otseuq id eirolg el e emon lI .16.81 gB ’.eroiretni er
led etrap ingo ni enosrep el ettut ad etatnac onos erongiS
-tircs evittepsir orol elled inoizamreffa ella odrocca ni ,odnom
onnats ehc inoiznetni el attecca erongiS ossets ol aM .erut
ozzerpsid id enoiza ingO .enosrep el ettut id inoiza ella orteid
osrev ehcna ozzerpsid è erutaerc euS elled isaislauq anu osrev
anu osrev oido erartsom elibailgisnoc òicrep è noN .iuL id
-agennir odnecaF .etnetopinno erongiS led arutaerc isaislauq
ilarutan itnemitnes irporp i anosrep anu da etnematazrof er
-eiv ,ortla nuclauq id etudev ettertsir elled enoizisopmi’l noc
led inoigiler ertla el ettut a aizitsuigni ednarg anu attaf en
-inu’l ,omerpuS erongiS la aseffo evarg anu ertloni è de odnom
id eloucs itnereffid etseuq ettut id enoizaroda id otteggo oc
ozzerpsid e oizivres elorap el omaidnofnoc ossepS .oreisnep
-nevid enosrep el ,oiD rep eroma’l odnacitnemiD .erongiS led
-reF .odnom otseuq id ehcitarp e iderc itlom id evaihcs onat
eneb oirporp la olocatso nu onos ehc itneserp inoiza el eram
-lauq anu rep ozzerpsid li noc osufnoc eresse’ved non ,onrete
 821
lA .ossets oiD rep ottepsir id aznacnam emoc o enoigiler ehc
-iler àtirev etairporppa noc ilranimulli id ecevni es ,oirartnoc
onrete’l osrev elatnem enoizisopsid orol al erazziridni e esoig
-reffo orol eneiv ehc oizivres isaislauq nu ,erongiS la oizivres
atrop il e elairetam etneibma nu ni ùip id arocna egremmi il ot
-oveneb id onges nu è non otseuq ,enoizidrep elatot alla iop
orol ien aizitsuigni assorg anu è ,ottaf iD .orol id osrev aznel
e azneloveneb emoc onaiappa enebbes ,inoiza ilaT .itnorfnoc
ots oI .etative etnematelpmoc eresse orebbervod ,enoissapmoc
-iug id ecaipmoc is erongiS li iuc ni odom len odnega òicrep
la oizivres len amina’nu id ossergorp lI .etnem aim al erad
asuac aznes aidrociresim allad etnemaretni ednepid erongiS
-rep ic iuL ehc otnat leuq omaiznava ioN .ossets erongiS led
e ,eloveroma erouc nu noc onaroda iM ehc oroloC‘ .ettem
nu id itatod eM ad onos ,eM noc enoinumoc ni erpmes onos
ni edner il ehc ,aznegilletni arup allad otan ,orup eroma elat
nu eS .01.01 gB ’.ecilef aromid aiM al eregnuiggar id odarg
edef al aiccarbba ,enoigiler aus al odnatuifir , anamharb
omaibbod emoC ?olraredisnoc omaibbod emoc ,malsI’lled
-adraugir non anosrep anu id àtivitta eL ?ittaf itseuq eratulav
-ese ,itnitsi itrec ad etazneulfni ,itneviv àtitne eL .iel ehc on
etagap onognev inoiza eL .odnom otseuq ni inoiza el onoug
-mocca onos inoiza el ehc otnemom lad ,atenom assets al noc
-mi id àtissecen eroiretlu’nu è’c noN .inoizaer ellad etangap
anu erediccu evres ehc A .elaiceps enoizinup anu orol errop
inimes ehc olleuQ ?oidicius ossemmoc àig ah ehc anosrep
osac oim li aciduig ,ogerp iT !erongis nouB .ereilgoccar ived
,aseffo ehclauq id eloveploc onos ehc arocna isnep eS .aro
”.imicsinup
I .erailucep osac otseuq eratlocsa da allof narg anu are’C
-eg elorap elled ittafsiddos otlom onare itinuir ìl inamlusum
etlom onnah odnom led inoigiler el ettuT .sadiraH id eniun
-iler isaislauq id icauges i eriploc onossop ehc ,inumoc esoc
921 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

el ettut id otnetta oiduts ollen angepmi is ic odnauQ .enoig

e ocireneg li :ittepsa itnatropmi eud ni ettabmi is ic ,inoigiler
led inoigiler el ettut id icireneg itnemangesni ilG .ocificeps ol
el e eznereffid eL .elimis arutan id onem o ùip onos odnom
ottepsa’llen enoigiler al omaihgeips odnauq onogros àtilavir
-aihc attart enoigiler isaislauq id ocificeps oiduts oL .ocificeps
.odnoforp osnes ni ilittos e icesnirtni imelborp i ittut etnemar
-erc ous led icificeps ittepsa ilgen àtidnoforp ni odnadna noN
alled inumoc àtirev el eremirpmi etnemlicaf étop sadiraH ,od
.anamlusum aetalp anu da onisrep enoigiler
atulov ,amrahd anatanaS led enoigiler elibon al ,àtlaer nI
atnemadnof edilos ellus atasab e ,ossets omerpuS erongiS lad
.ittepsa isoilgivarem ied eneitnoc ,ilibillafni eruttircs elled
-acifingam e etnemlicaf onossop odnom led inoigiler el ettuT
-effid elled etudev eirav eL .asse ni etanumocca eresse etnem
atseuq ni enumoc onerret nu onavort oreisnep id eloucs itner
itnemignuiggar id accir etnemadidnelps è assE .enoigiler anrete
etazrofnir ,ehcigoloet inoizazzilaer emissitaznava e icifosolif
-ouq ativ al rep ilarom e ilaicos ipicnirp id eloger itnaripsi ad
is ehc enigiro’nu acova enoigiler atseuQ .àtinamu’lled anaidit
,ihsir iad atadnof atats è noN“ .ossets erongiS onrete’lla àfir
-elec iresse ilgad ehcnaen e ,imrak iad o inanj iad ,igoy ilgad
.91.3.6 .hB.S ”.erotadnof li è en ossets navagahB .aved i ,its
ehc iuloc oI onoS“ :ecid ilgE 41.41 atig-davagahB alleN
atnadeV led erotua’l onos oI .adeV ien otuicsonoc eresse’ved
”.eroticsonoc li ehcna onos en e
atavagahB amaihc is ,navagahB ad enigiro ah éhcioP
e orev nu È .atsav otlom è enoizidsiruig aus al e ,amrahD
elat emoC .oderc id ipit isrevid ied ortnocni’d otnup oirporp
alled ossab ùip ollevil lad ,opmac otsav ùip li ednerpmoc
itla ùip ia ,agoy-amrak ,inoiza el ettut id enoizacided
-loni erffO .amerp ,elatnednecsart eroma’lled itnemignuiggar
-led ittepsa itnereffid i ittut us inoizazzilaer icauges ious ia ert
 031
.atulossA àtlaeR al
,itneserp ìl irotatlocsa ilged irouc i otatsiuqnoc odneva ruP
iutsoC .izaK osonimaccep li otnivnoc òrep aveva non sadiraH
id allecitrap aminim al aznes ,arteip id erouc nu avedessop
ehC“ :erotanrevog la essid ilgE .osse ni anamu azneloveneb
-ivor e irtla ilg àrednofnoc oigavlam eresse otseuQ !otinup ais
-edi’l ,enoigiler elibon artson al odnaicnuneD .ativ orol al àren
-oigiler al onaip omirp ni ettem ehc ,otatneserp aro ah ehc ela
ehc irtla itlom a onerret li etnemaibbudni àreraperp ,ùdni en
-atot àretrop òiC .emro el onnariuges en orutuf omissorp nu ni
-ir id opocs olla ,òicreP .anamlusum azzar alla otidercsid el
-esse’ved sadiraH ,àteicos artson alla otlusni elat nu erevoum
eus elled atnep is non ehc onem A .otinup etnemareves er
imilbus el auges e eploc eus el attemma ,esonimaccep àtivitta
”.enamlusum eruttircs
non elorap iuc el ,osoigiler opmac len àtirotua’nu è izaK lI
-anrevog li ,aseterp aticilpse aus uS .etarongi eresse onossop
-letarf oraC“ :sadiraH a ovoun id eredeihc idniuq ettevod erot
artson alla onrotir ’af e ùdni ilged ehcitarp el anodnabbA !ol
etseuq ettut ad itarebil e eruttircs ertson el aticer ,àtinumoc
,aro àtilibissop acinu aut al è atseuQ .inoizapuccoerp ilituni
-oizinup arud anu onnarropmi’t emeisni izaK i ittut itnemirtla
-reP .eruttircs ertson el eretepir a eraunitnoc olos iarvoD .en
”?etnemlituni erirffos ived éhc
,inoiznivnoc eus ellen e edef aus allen omref are sadiraH
-gus I .orol ellen ,emeisni issem es ehcna ,irtla ilg ittut id ùip
orebbe non izaK led eccanim el e erotanrevog led itnemireg
.enoizanimreted aus allus azneulfni aminim al
-opinno erongiS led iredised i ortnoc eradna òup onusseN“
anosrep anu ehc elouv erongiS li ehc òiC“ .essid ilge ”,etnet
otinifni’llen ,onucla eretop è’c noN .eraf àrvod olleuq ,aiccaf
etaiS .oiD id àtnolov alla isroppo assop ehc ,idnom id oremun
etnemataugeda onnaras ic inoiza ertson elled itturf i ehc itrec
131 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

el rep enoizinup aL .oiD id atsuig erpmes onam allad issecnoc

-iS ossets ollad atad eneiv ic essemmoc ion ad eseffo eirav
-zep a ottaf essinev oproc oim li es ehcnA .etnetopinno erong
eretepir id ierettems non ,inodnabba ol amina’l éhccisoc ,iz
”.amaniraH irS
ehc e ,enoizanimreted amref id oipmese etnallirb elauQ
-ipsa ingo reP !àtnolov id azrof airanidroarts id elaedi elibon
id oipmese’tseuq ,oiD id enoizazzilaer alled aiv allus etnar
-net ehc òic ottuT .adiug ad af ehc allets adiviv anu è sadiraH
-ric osseps è ,onrete eneb ortson li osrev oniuneg odom ni ed
etnaripsa’l ehc ovlaS .atanitso arutan id ilocatso ad otadnoc
olocatso isaislauq eratnorffa da otsopsid etnemamref ais non
is ossergorp ous li ,onimmac lus iznanid itneserp is ilg ehc
ilgE .inoisuled e otnuppasid olos israttepsa àrvod e ,àrehccolb
isaislauq adderf etnem a eratnorffa da otaraperp eresse’ved
ecapac enoizanimreted amref aL .itnavad ivort is aznegreme
-nipser òup ,azneizap alla atinu ,avorp isaislauq erenetsos id
-gas nu è’C .izrofs irtson i ortnoc itlovir ihccatta ilg ittut ereg
azneizap aL“ :erpmes eradrocir anep al lav ehc oibrevorp oig
etseuQ ”.engatnom el eraclavacs onossop aznarevesrep al e
elled anU .asuac artson ingo da ilitu otlom onos àtilauq eud
uhbarpahaM agnaruaG irS ad etanoiznem ehcifilauq orttauq
-narellot al è emon otnas li etnemetnassecni eretepir retop rep
ehc omaicsaL .orebla nu id itnarellot ùip rocna eratnevid ,az
-cero ertson ellen erpmes oniggehceir sadiraH id elorap etseuq
-al ehc ,etnem artson allen esserpmi neb onais esse ehc ,eihc
-erri irtson ien enoisserpmi etnenamrep e adnoforp anu onics
aus alla eizarg ,emro eus el odneuges ehc ìsoc ,irouc itulos
-rof al erenetto omaissop ion ehcna ,asuac aznes aidrociresim
ortson lus otsop olocatso ingo oiggaroc noc eratnorffa id az
ortson li eregnuiggar len osseccus ereva de ,osoigiler oreitnes
.ovitteibo
itnartenep eccerf id otteffe’l orebbe sadiraH id elorap eL
 231
ingo otartsurf ìtnes erotanrevog lI .ocra etnetop nu ad etailgacs
-animreted narg al atsiV .olredaussid id ovitatnet eroiretlu ous
amissorp aut al àras elauQ“ :izaK la eseihc sadiraH id enoiz
”?assom
euditnev ien otartsurf ais ehC“ :esopsir izaK oigavlam lI
-leracnab el e izogen i onos ic evod àttic alled edarts el ,razab
-cep ous led otatlusir li àripac ,ihcco ilg àrirpa arolla oloS .el
ilgeteilgoT .ùdni oid nu id emon li odnetepir ossemmoc ,otac
-os eS .iul rep enoizaredisnoc anucla reva aznes ativ al erup
-ab euditnev ien etartsurf ilibarellotni ella onisrep àrvivvarp
ic àrebmoccos es ,inoizamreffa eus ella omerederc arolla ,raz
etnemareves otats àras òic noc éhcrep ittafsiddos omerretir
”.aseffo evarg aus al rep otinup
-euq a erarepmetto id onem a raf avetop non erotanrevog lI
-ou ious ia ecov atla da ònidro òicrep ,izaK led oilgisnoc ots
etiugesE .àttic alled razab euditnev i ognul oletartsurF“ :inim
È .erevivvarpos assop non ehc elat odom ni oroval ortsov li
elat ad enoizarebil aL .omsiudni’l acitarp am ,onamlusum otan
”.ativ assets aus alled ozzerp la etnemalos elibissop è otaccep
,icifenrac e eidraug ,erotanrevog led e izaK led enidro uS
,olratsurf a onoraicnimoc e sadiraH onorarreffa ,iturb irev ied
etnemetnatsoc avatidem ilge ,aus etrap aD .adarts opod adarts
avats ilg ehc òic eritrevva aznes ,anhsirK id emon otnas lus
.acisif aznereffos anucla avitrevva noN .odnedeccus
-iv alla etabrutrep onare àttic alled eip e enoub enosrep eL
len ,etarolodda otlom onavitnes iS .otta osoido otseuq id ats
-uclA ?eraf otutop orebberva asoc ehc am ,erouc led odnoforp
id enimirc otseuq rep otannad è eseap oretni’L“ :oressid in
-og li onoridelam inuclA ”.sadiraH emoc otnas nu erarutrot
-orp anu erazzinagro da onoratise non irtla ertnem ,erotanrev
igavlam ieuq id ideip ia oreddac inuclA .atlovir anu e atset
itnattella erirffo da itnorp ,sadiraH onavatsurf ehc inozlacsam
e irouc orol i ericlodda retop id òic noc odnasnep itnegnat
331 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

itnevretni itseuQ .etnemarud ìsoc eriploc lad eretsised ilraf

arteip id irouc i erirenetni da ottaffa onorivres non etneg alled
àteip aminim al azneS .erotanrevog led irotivres iledurc ieuq id
-pa es emoc arE .ituvecir inidro ilg eriugese da onoraunitnoc
è azzeclod al evod ,atarapes enoizaerc anu da oressenetrap
onare’moc itautibA .onamu erouc lad etnessa etnematelpmoc
are otnemitnes id aiccart ingo ,inidro id opit leuq eriugese da
enidro oreves li ,ottutertlO .orol ni asrapmocs etnematelpmoc
reP .erarepmetto da ùip id rocna avanorps il eroirepus orol led
-fos aminim al avitrevva non sadiraH ,anhsirK id aidrociresim
.enoizinup anamuni’lleuq id azneloiv al etnatsonon ,azneref
a eribus ettaf erutrot eirav el otassap ni emoc oirporP
-omid is ,upisakaynariH id enidro rep ,arusa ilgad adalharP
e eunitnoc el odom ossets olla ,otnemillaf narg nu onorarts
onavecaf non inamlusum icifenrac ieuq id etatsurf esoicinrep
-ni’l è aznarellot airanidroarts atseuQ .sadiraH da elam nucla
itacissotni etnemlat onos issE .iniuneg atkahb ied ùtriv atan
iam onotnes non ehc omerpuS erongiS la oizivres onrete’llad
itnemele ilgad ittilfni orol a itnemrot irav ied erolod li
anu ,otsiv àig omaibba emoC .elairetam odnom led icainomed
emoc ,amaniraH irS etnemetnatsoc eretepir rep ehcifilauq elled
nu id itnarellot ùip resse id alleuq è ,otseihc ah ic aynatiaC irS
azneulfni rep ,anaiditouq ativ orol allen itoved i eS .orebla
orol li ,itnarellotni onatnevid e onarida is ,inretse itneve ilged
ni omaidev ossepS .otalocatso eneiv atem al osrev ossergorp
-esrep onos àtirev alled itnenopse irecnis i ehc odnom otseuq
-isoppo eratnorffa onoveD .essemmoc non eploc rep itatiug
.enosrep elled aznaroiggam allad inoiz
acitsirettarac anu è non erolod nucla eritnes non id ottaf lI
edef noc onnaredrocir ehc oroloc ehcna ,sadiraH id avisulcse
el erarepus onnartop enoizautis eliciffid elat ni otnas narg li
.àtimalac el e eznereffos
-rep itneconni elleuq rep olos erecaipsid avavorp sadiraH
 431
avagerp ilgE .enimirc elibirret otseuq ni etlovnioc enos
-eb euS el erevoip raf id anhsirK irS navagahB etnematutepir
el ettut rep elodnanodrep ,avij itneconni elleuq us inoiziden
oroloc a onisrep otaivni ,eresseneb id oirugua’L .eseffo orol
-osrep anu ni eratsefinam òup is non ,icimen onaraihcid is ehc
iminangam i ottecce ,onusseN .odnom otseuq id atsioge an
òup ,iziduigerp i ittut ad irebil onos ehc ,erongiS led itoved
-iug onos odnom otseuq id inimou ilG .oiredised elat erirtun
avij ertla el erenet id erpmes onacrec ,icitsioge ipocs ad itad
-zilaer id ruP .aturb azrof al noc ehcna ,issets es a etagoiggos
onaibmac non innarit iroiggep i ,icitsioge itisoporp orol i eraz
is etnemroiretse ehc oroloc onisreP .enidutitta eledurc orol al
,eznerappa el erenetnam rep olos onnaf ol ,ilarebil onartsom
enoizatuper anu israngadaug rep e ipocs orol i erazzilaer rep
.àteicos allen
-ab opod razab ,sadiraH etnemlaturb onaviploc icifenrac I
da itanoiznetni ,elibissop azrof al attut noc onavatsurf oL .raz
oibmac nucla uf ic non aserpros narg orol noc am ,olrediccu
-ats ehc olleuq id elovepasnocni etnemacitarp are ilgE .iul ni
-itaeb allen are’moc osrep ,ocisif oproc ous la odnedeccus av
-noc la ,orgella iam ehc ùip e ecaviv avirappA .anivid enidut
id ùip id erpmes onaviputs is aiv aiv ehc eidraug elled oirart
-eips anu israd a odnecsuir non ,odnedeccus avats ehc olleuq
iam È“ :eroputs ednarg noc onavedeihc is és e és arT .enoizag
ìsoc iploc ied eratroppos assop onamu eresse nu ehc elibissop
-ab ert o eud ni atiploc atats eresse opod etnemlareneG ?irud
-aibba ecevni iul noC .ativ al edrep isaislauq anosrep anu raz
-loc id erettems aznes razab euditnev i ittut otasrevartta om
-edir a attem is osseps ilge ehc elibidercni È .etnemarud olrip
,esroF .erediccu olretop id aedi’l eranodnabba àrengosib ,er
”?onamlusum otnas nu ,riP nu etnemarev è ,etneg al ecid emoc
rep onorinif icifenrac ilaturb i ehcna ,itiruapmi e itarepsiD
iaras uT“ .oressid isse ,”!sadiraH ,eneB“ .iul ni otuia eracrec
531 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

ilat ehc onarts neb ittafni È .enoizurtsid artson alled asuac al

-ba iT .ativ al otlot onaibba it non etatsurf itneloiv e eunitnoc
-atelpmoc omais arO .omavetop oilgem emoc otiploc omaib
etnasep anu ebmocni ion id uS .ezrof ùip aznes ,itsuase etnem
I .etrom al onacovorp it non essocrep ertson el es enoizinup
irouf etnematrec àras izaK lI .onnarederc ic non iroirepus irtson
ious i otiugese reva non rep etrom a àrennadnoc ic e és id
”.inidro
essid sadiraH ,erorret id inoisserpse esoteip etseuq eritnes lA
opod onisrep ,otussivvarpos resse oim li eS“ :osirros nu noc
-effos id asuac iov rep àras ,ognul a ìsoc ossocrep otats resse
-imalac elat erineverp reP .enemrelod a omirp li oi òras ,azner
-emmi erirom òicrep òrecsal im ,esseretni ortsov li rep e ,àt
-itset eteras en ,oibbud ominim li enetaibba noN .etnemataid
”.ossets aro inom
-iS lus etnemadnoforp òrtnecnoc is sadiraH odnecid ìsoC
-id e eroiretse azneicsoc ingo esrep everb nI .omerpuS erong
ativ id onges ùip are’c noN .elibommi etnematelpmoc òtnev
ad iserpros otlom oresamir inozlacsam ieuQ .oproc ous len
orebberva emoC .sadiraH id otnemaibmac osivvorpmi otseuq
-narpos iretop ious i erecsonoc ,irotaccep irevop ieuq ,otutop
li oreserP .otrom essof ehc orevvad orettederc issE .ilarutan
li ,erotanrevog led aznediser alla itnavad onoratrop ol e oproc
.arutlopes ataidemmi’l ònidro en elauq
-evod ,oproc led enoizametsis allus ,otseuq us onisrep aM
-oinipo aus anu ottaf are iS .izaK eledurc li eridir ad ravort av
-es eneiv oproc ous li eS“ .osoigiler oderc ous lus atasab ,en
-ebil al etnemarucis àrretto“ ,essid ilge ”,etrom al opod otlop
e ,atavele ailgimaf anu ni aticsan aus al etnatsonoN .enoizar
-teiba àtivitta da otided iop otats è ilge ,eroirepus edef anu ni
ehc itaccep ilibanodrepmi ilg rep eragap òicrep eved ilgE .et
”.ossemmoc ah
id otrom oproc li es ,izaK led osoigiler oderc la odrocca nI
 631
-nem ,onrete eneb li eneitto atseuq ,otlopes eneiv anosrep anu
len osac otseuq ni ,emuif nu ni otatteg eneiv es ecevni ert
-am ni àtirotua atsoppus ,izaK lI .etnemanrete àrirffos ,egnaG
ous li oneippa òlevir osrocsid otseuq noc ,enoigiler id airet
al eragofs a otanimreted etnemecilpmes are :erouc oigavlam
anep emoC .etrom al opod onisrep sadiraH us attednev aus
-arugua ilg ,ùdni oid nu id emon li otagerp e otattecca reva rep
erirffos id e ùdni ilg art aticsan etnematutepir rednerp id av
.aticsan aus ingo ni etnemadnoforp
id oproc li onorarreffa irotivres i izaK led enoizurtsi uS
-orp are sadiraH opmettarf leN .egnaG len olratteg rep sadiraH
odnatsug ,anhsirK irS us enoizatidem ni otrossa etnemadnof
otatnevid are oproc ous lI .avavired en ehc elibaffeni aioig al
-en onavicsuir non izrofs ilg ittut etnatsonon ehc etnasep ìsoc
-noc alled ovitteibo’l ,oniviD erongiS lI .olrevoums a ehcna
-irappa’L .oproc ous len osecsid are ,sadiraH id enoizalpmet
itinifni ilged erotinetsos li ,etnetopinno erongiS led enoiz
resse ad etnasep ìsoc avedner ol ,oproc ous len ,idnom
oeratten led edno ellus otnatni avauttulf sadiraH .elibivomani
otrossa etnematelpmoc arE .anivid enidutitaeb alled onaeco
-aislauq ad orebil are azneugesnoc id e ,enoizatidem aus allen
non ,avavort is evod avepas noN .analossorg enoizasnes is
led etnerroc allus o arret adun allus ,aira ni avats es avepas
.egnaG orcas
,adalharP ednarg lad itomer ipmet ni atibise enoizoved aL
olos li è ,anhsirK us enoizatidem ni otrossa etnemadnoforp
damirS oL .opmetassap otseuq a isratsocca id onged oipmese
otnitsi elarutan nu aveva adalharP ehc amreffa matavagahB
non ozzagar aD .avedusaV irS navagahB osrev enoizoved id
-oc ious i emoc ,ilitnafni ihcoig ni opmet ous li iam avacerps
-em ni avangepmi is e ivisrevid iutaf ieuq avaicsalarT .ienate
-as is enoizatidem elat id otteffe reP .anhsirK irS us enoizatid
-ongiS led enoizalpmetnoc alled etnassecni ossulf li noc òrut
731 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

elovepasnocni etnematelpmoc are òic id otatlusir emoc e ,er

.elairetam odnom led
,eranimmac ,obic rednerp emoc ,enaiditouq àtivitta eus eL
-ivom i emoc onavedeccus is ,otiuges id aiv e ereb ,erasopir
.7-6.1.7 .hB.S .amotua nu id itnem
enidutilimis ehclauq ah ehc adneciv anu è’c anayamaR leN
a avicsuir non ,anavaR id oilgif li ,tijardnI éhcioP .atseuq noc
.artsamharb elibillafni’l iul id ortnoc esserid ,namunaH eriploc
-abs òup non ehc amra’tseuq a ottepsir otuvod li erartsom reP
sadiraH .otitromart olous la eredac òicsal is namunaH ,erailg
la erartsom rep iturb ieuq id etatsurf erud el ecevni ettevecir
.aznarellot id odarg otla ùip led etneviv oipmese nu odnom
la isafne’dnarg noc otted àig aveva ehc leuq ittaf i noc òvorP
àtlociffid eratnorffa issevod ehcna eS“ :izaK la e erotanrevog
a ottaf essof oproc oim li e ,ayalamiH’l emoc ilibatnomrosni
non aivattut ,eranodnabba essevod ol ativ al ehc ìsoc izzep
”.iraH irS id emon li eretepir id ierettems
-onon ,emon otnas led etnatsoc otnac li e edef amref aL
-esni etnatropmi’l è ,àtlociffid el e icifircas i ,ihcsir i etnats
,azneloveneb id etnaccobart erpmes ,sadiraH ehc otnemang
ied onu id etnediser isaislauq nu esrof òuP .odnom la aicsal
iuc li sadiraH da elam led raf ,ongos ni erup essof ,idnom irav
eznereffos el ettuT ?omerpuS erongiS li ,adnivoG è erottetorp
id isodnadrocir etnemecilpmes enif onavort àtinamu’lled
?olredneffo id erasnep idniuq òup is emoC .sadiraH
-ni onavacrec erotanrevog led eidraug el izrofs idnarg noC
.otise nucla aznes am ,sadiraH id oproc li eravellos id otnat
id orol essettemrep ilge ehc òredised non erongiS li éhcniF
odneuges onoralluc ol ittulf i evod ,egnaG orcas len olratteg
.azneicsoc otserp neb eserpir onivid erelov reP .etnerroc al
odnatnac ,e avir a ònrot elibarapmocni aioig id etnaccobarT
I .ailuF a ònrot ,anhsirK id emon li ecov atla da otilos la emoc
iad itanoisserpmi odomertlo oresamir otsop led inamlusum
 831
aus al etnemlanif oreserpmoc issE .iretop isoilgivarem ious
lI .aizilam orol al attut id irebil onoruf òic noc e ,azzednarg
nu emoc onorattepsir ol isse de otacifirup are is erouc orol
-inifni aus reP .àtlimu attut noc iul a isodnanihcni ,riP ednarg
.enoizarebil al ittut orennetto isse aidrociresim at
li ehcna esnuiggar onrotir etnailibarts ous led aiziton aL
olretop rep iul ad etnemlanosrep òtipicerp is ehc ,erotanrevog
-revog li elam òdraug non sadiraH osoidrociresim lI .eredev
-nev id otasnep etnemanatnol ehcnaen iam aveva non ,erotan
,iznA .ottilfni aveva ilg ehc àticorta el ettut rep iul id isracid
.etnedirros e ovisnerpmoc odraugs onu noc ettevecir ol
,enumoc led irouf e etnanicsaffa otnematropmoc otseuQ
-mi’nu iul ni odnaicsal ,omitni’llen nif erotanrevog li ìploc
a etiv etlom ni elibeledni aiccart anu ,etnenamrep enoisserp
:essid etnemlimu ,etnuig inam a e aznerevir narg noC .erinev
nu ais ut ehc otnivnoc etnematelpmoc orevvad onos arO“
,omerpuS led aznecsonoc al otazzilaer etnemarev iah uT .riP
areihcs narg aL .oibbud id arbmo’nucla aznes otavorp neb è
elorap elleb noc artsom aslaf anu olos af inanj e igoy id
-mocni aioig al osrevartta otazzilaer iah ol ut am ,itnanositla
iuq nif otunev onos oI .erongiS lus enoizatidem alled elibarap
iT !atavele amina hO .et id us odraugs onu eratteg retop rep
ittut et reP .eseffo eim el ettut anodrep e acitnemid ,ogerp
onussen è’c noN .icimen én icima én iah non ut ,ilaugu onos
-ops ioup iT .arutan arev aut al eripac assop ehc idnom ert ien
id àtrebil atelpmoc iah ,iderc oilgem emoc etnemarebil erats
ellus airatilos annapac aut allen erats a eraunitnoc iouP .olraf
icsireferp evod ideisir ,iredised emoc erup ’aF .egnaG led evir
-adnom id etnein è’c noN .adargga it ùip ehc olleuq ottut iaf e
”.eragel assop it ehc on
-led eralrap azneS .ilibivircsedni onos sadiraH id eirolg eL
erouc lad inamlusum issets ilgeuq ,asoutriv arutan id enosrep el
-acitnemid ,otasucca onaveva’l ehc iziduigerp id ineip e orud
931 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

.iul rep onaveva ehc itnemitnes irpsa ilg olredev olos la onor
ni avedra ehc arelloc al noC !otnemaibmac osolocarim elauQ
atlot essof ilg éhcrep erotanrevog lad otatrop onaveva’l orol
airanidroarts aL !eilgivarem elled ailgivarem :occe de ,ativ al
-aveva erongiS len aticilpmi edef aus al e sadiraH id azneizap
ni e ,orol ittut ni otnemaibmac oiranidroarts onu otatroppa on
e eseffo eus el ettut id ìtnep is ehc ,erotanrevog len eralocitrap
-im ious i ittut rep onodrep eseihc enoizatise aminim al aznes
led oreggassem orev nu sadiraH ni avedev iamro ilgE .ittafs
nu emoc olodnecsonocir onavedac ittut ideip iuc ia ,erongiS
-inangam li ,inoizucesrep ereves el odnacitnemid E .riP narg
.ittut essideneb il sadiraH om
emon li ecov atla da odnetepir ,ecap ni ,ailuF a ìsoc ònrotiR
-tevecir ol issE .anamharb ied aelbmessa’lla onif ,iraH irS id
art olrevair id icilef etnemasnemmi onarE .otrepa erouc a oret
irS ol ecov atla da odnatnac otneve’l onoraiggetseF .orol
.eraznad a esim is sadiraH .elibimirpseni aioig noc amaniraH
-am is oproc ous luS .erecaip ous li erevircsed elibissopmi È
-al :ilautirips inoizabrutrep id isoilgivarem inges onoratsefin
irtla e ,onavazzir is ehc ilep ,otneminevs ,asir ,iromert ,emirc
eroma’llad otacissotnI .ilibisiv etnematnitsid inges ittut ,arocna
-et ,itneserp I .olous la avalotor is e avedac otnat ingo onivid
,elatnednecsart eroma’d inges isoilgivarem itseuq id inomits
-atnel ,ioP .atinifni aioig id onaeco nu ni isrep isse’hcna onare
ìl onare anamharb I .ettedes is e esopmocir is sadiraH ,etnem
otnemitnes nu ad ottaffarpoS .itneizapmi ,iul a onrotni itudes
:orol rid a ìcsuir enifni ,àtlimu atulossa’d
-esnoc el otloccar oH .etatlocsa ,ogerp iV !anamharb hO“
eimmetseb el odnatlocsa ,eigavlam inoiza eim elled ezneug
-ni aidrociresim auS alla otuvod olos è de ,erongiS li ortnoc
oved iM .oreggel otlom odom ni otinup ah im ehc atanoizidnoc
otanodrep iuL ad otats eresse rep otanutrof otlom eraredisnoc
inoizamaffid el atlocsa ihC .ataredom ìsoc enoizinup anu noc
 041
-len eznereffos etinifni osrevartta erassap eved unsiV irS id
eihccero eim el noC .kapihbmuK emoc otuicsonoc onrefni’l
-up emoC .ipme isrocsid ipport nif otatlocsa oh esonimaccep
ehc aznes ilatnem erutrot aznatsabba otatroppos oh enoizin
”.orutuf ni ehcna attodnoc elat anu eretepir abbed
-erp i ittut òlosnoc sadiraH oilgisnoc ovitturtsi otseuq noC
-narg noc amaniraH irS olled otnac li orol noc ìugese de ,itnes
.aioig ed
e otatiugesrep onaveva ol ehc illeuq adraugir otnauq reP
orol elled itturf i ereilgoccar a onoradrat non ,onorasucs is non
.àtigavlam

evir ellus airatilos attorg anu ni otametsis are is sadiraH

avaidomlas ilge ”anhsirK anhsirK“ odnetepir ;egnaG emuif led
-ac alleuq iul reP .imon itnas alimotnecert etnemanaiditouq
aveva etnepres ossorg nu ehcnA .assets ahtnukiaV are anrev
al onavitrevva en irotatisiv I .attorg alleuq ni oigufir otavort
-orp ehc eroicurb id enoizasnes atilosni’nu id aiv rep azneserp
-roppos essetop ehc etneviv àtitne are’c noN .ortned ìl onavav
onussen am ,atisiv ni etneg atlom avinev sadiraH aD .alrat
otseuq id azneulfni’l ’op nu rep ehcnaen eratroppos avetop
-effidni ecevni are sadiraH ,aserpros ednarg orol noC .onelev
.òic ottut a etner
enoizasnes atseuq è’c éhcreP“ :onavedeihc is anamharb I
”?sadiraH id attorg allen eroicurb id
inelev ioc rattart len itrepse icidem itlom onaveviv ailuF A
is itamrofni itats enresse opoD .itnepres ied isrom i eraruc e
atseuq id asuac arev al eracitsongaid rep attorg allen onoracer
-itnedi id odarg ni otats are onussen orol id amirP .enoizasnes
:essid icidem itseuq id onU .enigiro’l enracif
.omissisonelev etnepres nu è’c attorg atseuq ottos oirporP“
ehc etnaicurb e osonelev otila ous li è ehc orucis ehc ùip onoS
iam è noN .attorg atseuq ni ereviv elibissopmi edner
141 izaK li e rukahT asadiraH

è éhciop ,etnepres nu id aingapmoc ni ereviv elibailgisnoc

e etnemataidemmi isratsops eved sadiraH .arutan rep eledurc
eranodnabba id olracilppus omaibboD .otsop ortla nu isravort
”.anrevac atseuq otibus
ol e enoizautis alled sadiraH onoramrofni ,otireggus emoC
.orucis ùip otsop nu ni eradna id etnemaviv onoragerp
-ir sadiraH ,irottod ied e anamharb ied atseihcir atseuq A
otitrevva iam oh non e inroig ihccerap ad iuq onoS“ :esops
ecaips iM .eroicurb id enoizasnes én onelev id azneserp anucla
.enoisserpmi elibatropposni’tseuq otuva etaibba iov ehc òrep
nu òrevort im e ossets inamod otsop otseuq òrecsal otnatreP
oi ocnarf eresse dA .otireggus eteva iov emoc ,oigufir ortla
-tut éhccaig am ,etneinevnocni ominim éhcneb li otrevva non
aznes oved ,azzerucis aim alla itasseretni otlom eteis iov it
nu eviv anrevac atseuq ni etnemarev eS .ivrafsiddos oibbud
-nabba non e ,etid iov ittut emoc ,osonelev etnepres emrone
È .enemradna da oi òras arolla ,inamod ortne otsop li àrenod
li o oi o ,attorg atseuq àrecsal eud ied onu inamod :attaf asoc
etseuq ettut etativE .isoisna ìsoc etais non aivattuT .etnepres
”.anhsirK id icomaisseretni e eruap
iv ,agnaG erdam ehcna e ,iuq etavort iv ehc anamharb hO“
è aro etnem aim al éhciop ,otoved nu imetaredisnoc ,ogerp
-meda ni ,akaskaT etnepres li ehC .unsiV irS erongiS lus assif
a erup agnev ,ignirS enavoig led enoizidelam alla otnemip
el eratnac id etnemalos odeihc iv oI .elouv odnauq imredrom
irS navagahB id àtilauq esoilgivarem el e eirolg enivid
.51.91.1 .hB.S ”.anhsirK
-art àtivitta ellus isrocsid ni itangepmi ìsoc onare ertneM
-neminevva nu id inomitset onoruf ,anhsirK irS id ilatnednecs
,sadiraH id otneminoporp la atsopsir ni emoC .ovitidrolabs ot
-atnolla is etnematnel e ocub ous lad ìcsu etnepres emrone nu
augert aznes otutepir anhsirK id emon lad otangapmocca ,òn
ad iserp onoruf ittuT .otnevaps e ailgivarem rep itneserp iad
 241
aiv etadna oressof en es etnepres loc es emoc ,aioig narg anu
-asnes anucla ùip are’c noN .eruap el e àteisna el ettut ehcna
-oilgivarem la òic onoriubirtta anamharb I .eroicurb id enoiz
al eratnemua da ìubirtnoc ottaf otseuq e ,sadiraH id eretop os
.iul rep enoizoved orol
nu onavorp ehc e ,arutan rep eigavlam onos ehc enosrep eL
resse da etteggos onos ,irtla ilg erirffos raf len erecaip narg
alled o ,isonelev ilamina e itnepres id àtledurc alled amittiv
iresse ,itnepres i onisrep aM .iggavles ilamina irtla id aicoref
-aham i eraiggennad lad onognetsa is ,arutan rep iledurc
eridebbo da itsopsid neb onos ,izna ,sadiraH emoc atavagahb
da aserp resse òup airots atseuQ .inidro orol ia etnematnorp
-nacifingisni’nu è ,itteffe ni ,es ehcna ,olrartsulli rep oipmese
nu etnemecilpmes ittafni atsaB .sadiraH id iretop ied avorp et
aznarongi’lled ùtivaihcs al ehc ìs raf a odraugs oloveneb ous
,anhsirK irS ,omerpuS erongiS li onisreP .amina’l inodnabba
.isroppo iam aznes ,sadiraH id elorap ella ednecsidnocca
 7 OLOTIPAC

RUKAHT SADIRAH
ITNEPRES ID EROTATNACNI’L E

essircsed ,ajaragaN ,itnepres ied er li enoisacco artla’nu nI

éhcnon ,itnepres id erotatnacni nU .sadiraH id eirolg el
id asac allen odnatnac e odnaznad avats ,isrom iad erotiraug
,e àl id essassap sadiraH ehc eddaccA .anosrep asotlocaf anu
da allof allad etrapsid ni essenamir ,ottartta odom ehclauq ni
.aznad al eravresso
oproc len òrtne itnepres ied eR li artnam nu id otteffe reP
.erotaznad ottevorp nu emoc erallab olodnecaf erotatnacni’lled
,otnemangapmocca’d enoznac etnevommoc alled otteggos lI
anhsirK irS ad atiugese aznad al are ,alogaicrauqs a atatnac
.ayilaK id ogal lus
otseuq id azneulfni rep ,erongiS ous led eirolg el odnetneS
-art arret a eddac sadiraH ,anapiddu ,olomits etnacifisnetni
non oproc ous lI .azneicsoc esrep e anivid isatse’llad otatrops
eserpir opod otnemom ehclauQ .ativ id onges nucla ùip avad
-nad e aioig elibarapmocni da aderp ni ònout ilgE .azneicsoc
-atnacni’lled enoiznetta’l òritta òiC .idom irav ni isatse ni òz
en es e etrap ad esim is ,òmref is osivvorpmi’lla elauq li ,erot
eriugese id sadiraH ednarg la odnettemrep omlac esamir
.aznad acitatse aus al otabrutsidni
-irips inoizabrutrep otto el ettuT .olous la òlotor is sadiraH
-efinam is - otiuges id aiv e ,ittir ilep ,iromert ,emircal - ilaut
otnoccar li odnatlocsA .oproc ous lus etnemasuforp onorats
 441
irS otama ous lad atartsom aidrociresim elibarapmocni’lled
-rocir e ,ayilaK etnepres oigavlam e eledurc li osrev anhsirK
alled orutas ennevid ,otudacca arolla are ehc olleuq isodnad
.enoizurretni aznes esnaip e erongiS led azneserp
-olg el onavatnac ,onavadnocric ol ehc irotatteps ilg ittuT
-res id erotatnacni’l opmet otseuq ottut reP .erongiS led eir
narg noc e etnuig inam a ,sadiraH id aznad al òvresso itnep
id enoizaripsi’lled omisetnacni onivid otseuQ .aznerevir
erotaznad li ,ìnif odnauQ .odoirep everb nu rep òrud sadiraH
.ammargorp ous li eserpir
-itisop ettut oresamir olocatteps ol rep etinuir ìl enosrep eL
eravresso’llen etaiziled etnemarev e etanoisserpmi etnemav
li onoramlaps is aioig emrone noC .sadiraH id anivid isatse’l
.ideip itnas ious ied erevlop al noc oproc
li art avavort is ehc osoizibma de atircopi onimharb nU
ùdni odnesse ,sadiraH otatimi esseva es ,ehc òsnep ocilbbup
occoics ous li otnatrep òizinI .iul id ottepsir ùip otuva ebberva
arret a eddac iop e aisenerf atalumis noc odnaznad onnagni
-mi’l iul ni odnaton ,erotatnacni’L .isnes i osrep esseva es emoc
-cip ol e ònicivva ol ,otoved nu rep erassap relov id oilgorb
li ,essocrep el eratroppos id ecapacnI .àtireves noc òihc
.eredev ùip ecef is non e òppacs onimharb
ailgivarem al art asoioig aznad aus al eserpir erotatnacni’L
onarts ous led éhcrep lus onavagorretni’s ehc irotatteps ilged
eR li ,erotatnacni’lled accob rep ,atsopsir nI .otnematropmoc
:essid itnepres ied
sadiraH id elanoizoved erovref lad itiploc itsamir eteis ioV“
lI .otoved atsaisutne otseuq erarimma da otaicnimoc eteva de
emoc enoizarimma artsov al israritta rep ,atircopi onimharb
éhcnif ,arukahT sadiraH erattoimmics a ossem è is ,otoved
ilaT .otappacs è’n es ehc la ,otinup etnemataugeda oh ol non
.anhsirK irS rep enoizoved onnah non inoilgorbmi itangogrevs
-nauq olos anhsirK irS rep enoizoved erenetto òup anosrep anU
541 itnepres id erotatnacni’l e rukahT sadiraH

.irecnisni iredised itseuq ittut ad arebil etnematelpmoc è od

,inomitset itats aneppa eteis elauq alled ,sadiraH id aznad aL
.anadnom ùtivaihcs id atros ingo da enif errop id odarg ni è
-ifitnas è oretni osrevinu’l e ,iul noc aznad ossets anhsirK irS
,sadiraH :emon ous led onged è ilgE .aznad aus al odnarim otac
erongiS otama’l erouc ous len àtlaer nI .iraH irS id erotivres li
-sap iouS i odneglovs etnemaunitnoc ats anhsirK irS omerpuS
àtitne el ettut osrev osoidrociresim erpmes è sadiraH .ipmetas
erappa ilgE .euqnuihc rep erottafeneb orev nu è de itneviv
-sa onrete nu È .inoizatsefinam euS ellen erongiS la emeisni
-effo el ettut ad orebil erpmes idniuq è de erongiS led otaicos
oreitnes li iam euges noN .atkahb iouS i o navagahB osrev es
,onuclauq eS .azzelobed id itnemom ien onemmen ,otailgabs
etiv ellen etiugese esoutriv àtivitta eus elled otatlusir emoc
noc ottatnoc nu ereva ad otanutrof aznatsabba è ,itnedecerp
-ir onrete eneitto oibbud aznes ,omitta nu rep olos ehcna ,iul
emoc aved idnarg onifreP .anhsirK irS id otol id ideip ia oiguf
aingapmoc allad aioig emrone’nu onoggart avihS e amharB
-artsomid id opocs ollA .erpmes onaredised al e itoved ilat id
-len ,.cce .cce eprits ,oderc ,atsac id àtilituni atelpmoc al er
-nolov rep ,navagahB a enoizoved id oizivres led enoizucese’l
ossab id ailgimaf anu ni aticsan oserp ah ilge erongiS led àt
ehc eminanu odom ni onaraihcid eruttircs el ettuT .oiggangil
-icsan oserp esseva ehc osac len onisrep ,erongiS led otoved li
-teggo euqnumoc e erpmes è ,atsac assab id ailgimaf anu ni at
anu ni otan resse opod onisrep es ,asreveciv ;enoizaroda id ot
,omerpuS erongiS li aroda non onu ,oiggangil otla id ailgimaf
-an atacolotla aus al e enoiznetta anussen id elovetirem è non
.hB.S ( onrefni’lled ecitrov len etnemalos àretrop ol atics
.)3.5.11
isracifirup id isomarb erpmes onos inimou ilg ereneg nI
-as ellen isodnegremmi eruppo aved ia etreffo elled odnecaf
onaredised aved issets ilgeuq am ,egnaG emuif led euqca erc
 641
-sets agnaG erdaM .sadiraH ad itaccot eresse id etnemetnedra
-cot ocid ehc aM .euqca eus ellen ingab is iul ehc aredised as
-aihcs anrete artson al eggurtsid sadiraH id atsiv alos al ,erac
onnah ehc oroloc eredev id ottaf olos li ehcnA .elairetam ùtiv
ais anadnom ùtivaihcs al ehc ìs af sadiraH ni oigufir oserp
-moc alled eredog retop id itanutrof ittut eteis ioV .atacidars
è non aro otted oh iv ehc leuQ .sadiraH osoirolg led aingap
-issa iV .azzednarg aus alled otnemmarf etnacifingisni nu ehc
id emon li aicnunorp ehc iuloc ehc àtirecnis attut ni oruc
al oibbud nucla aznes àrretto ,atlov anu olos ehcna ,sadiraH
”.anhsirK irS id anrete aromid
etseuq enoizafsiddos noc oreserppa etinuir ìl enosrep eL
navagahB id otoved orev nu ,itnepres ied eR li ìsoC .inoizalevir
oirotidu’L .sadiraH id eirolg el odnom la òmalcorp ,unsiV irS
-ama ol ittuT .enoizisop atavele aus alled oneippa esnivnoc is
.iam ehc ùip onor

-ongiS led emon li odnetepir inroig ious i avassap sadiraH

-nelis li ottor arocna aveva non uhbarpahaM agnaruaG irS .er
ol odnom la otatsefinam aveva non e àtitnedi auS allus oiz
id ongosib ednarg nu aveva odnom lI .otnevva ouS led opocs
enoizoved eravort elibissopmi isauq arE .elautirips oilgevsir
,itoved id oppurg oloccip nu are’c pivdavaN A .unsiV irS rep
ehcitirc e inoisired ilovecaips etnat ìsoc id ounitnoc oilgasreb
.àtinadnom allen otelpmoc rep isremmi itsilairetam ied etrap ad
e ehcitetap ottutreppad onare inoizidnoc el ,everb ni alrid A
.esoteip
-moc al e etneg alled enoizidnoc elovetnemal al odnatoN
,unsiV irS a enoizoved alled oreitnes li osrev aznereffidni atelp
-ataredoms avitnes is sadiraH ominangam li omitni ous len
.ecov atla da erongiS led emon li avatnac ilgE .ottilffa etnem
.ieta iniciv ied etrap ad inoizisoppo onare’c otseuq a ehcnA
-ad eretepir ritnes id erarellot onavetop non irotaccep itseuQ
741 itnepres id erotatnacni’l e rukahT sadiraH

orol ni avednecca assets aedi’L .iraH irS id emon li irtla ilg

.etnaicurb arelloc anu
-tertsid ,idaniraH id oiggalliv len aveviv ehc onimharb nU
inoizeibo itnasep avavort ,elatneirO alagneB len erosseJ id ot
otnup la amlac al redrep ecef ilg òiC .sadiraH id issarp alla
it éhcrep ,sadiraH“ :òfortsopa’l ,ari narg noc ,onroig nu ehc
aman li eraicnunorp af it asoc ehC ?odom otseuq ni itropmoc
id olos ailgisnoc enoigiler artson aL ?ecov atla da ,ìsoc
da olraidomlas id àtirotua’l àd it aruttircs elauQ .olraromrom
ni erongiS led emon li eradirg a otangesni ah it ihC ?ecov atla
-uts ilg ,tidnap id aelbmessa’nu è’c iuq ,eneB ?odom otseuq
leuq eraciduig a orol onais ehc omaicsal ,artsahs ilged isoid
”.odraugir otseuq a erirefir ad iah ehc
erid id ongosib è’c non“ ,sadiraH òcilper ,”ieim icimA“
e aicaciffe asoilgivarem al omissineb etecsonoc iov ittut ehc
olla artsahs ilg ottel iam oh non oI .emon onivid led airolg al
-rep onos iM .erazzimelop rep elairetam ereilgoccar id opocs
emoc uhdas ad otitnes oh ehc leuq eralotipacir id olos ossem
,òreunitnoc e ,aman led otnac len oigufir oserp onnah ehc ,iov
li odnetepiR .orutuf ni ehcna ossets ol eraf a ,otsoc ingo da
ignuL .otacilputnec eneiv otteffe’l ,ecov atla da emon otnas
-eneb i etnemacitafne onadol artsahs ilg ,òic erannadnoc lad
ehc ìs af ecov atla emon otnas li eretepiR‘ ..itunetto ìsoc icif
enoizatidem aL ‘ ’ . e t l o v o t n e c o t a t n e m u a a g n e v o t t e f f e ’ l
-ilos otsop nu ni ,olos onu ad atiugese es olos osseccus àrva
ni ais otiugese eresse òup natriknas li ecevni ertnem ,oirat
-dahirB( .’irtla itlom id aingapmoc ni ais enidutilos
”.)751.3.2 atrmatavagahb
-reP“ :éttabir anamharb li sadiraH id enoizamreffa atseuq A
ebbervod ecov atla da emon otnas led enoizitepir al éhc
”?iad ic enoizageips ehC ?otirem li enracilputnec
i emoc ,artsahs ilG .atlocsa erovaf reP“ :òcilper sadiraH
otsopsir onnah ,otiuges id aiv e matavagahB damirS ol ,adeV
 841
”.àtiugibma aznes òic a
-ap airanidroarts anu avevA .onaforp nu are non sadiraH
edeid elautirips isatse’llen otrossA . artsahs ilged aznanord
.amet otseuq us enoizisopse etnaripsi’nu
-nas li atlov alos anu odnatlocsA‘ !anamharb ho atlocsA“
-cu emoc ,enamu-bus itneviv àtitne el ,anhsirK id emon ot
i d o n g er or c a s l i o n o g n e t t o , a i v ì s o c e , i t t e s n i , i l l e c
-emmi acifirup emon ouT li aicnunorp ihC‘ .’ahtnukiaV
ol ehc illeuq ittut ehcna am ,ossets es olos non etnemataid
anu ehc ottaf lus eresse òup ic oibbud ehc òicreP .onatlocsa
assop otol id ideip iouT ied occot lad attedeneb anosrep
”.)71.43.01.hB.S( ’?irtla ilg erarebil etnemarev
al onnah non ,otiuges id aiv e ,ittesni ,illeccu ,eitseB“
enoizaerc alled etrap onnaf isse’hcnA .eralrap id àticapac
iresse ion ni emoc ,orol ni ehcnA .omerpuS erongiS led
-af olos itatuia eresse onossop issE .amina’nu è’c ,inamu
otseuq osrevartta olos ,emoN otnaS li eritnes orol odnec
non issE .elanif enoizarebil al erenetto onossop ossecorp
-rom lI .asoigiler acitarp artla’nussen a ossecca nucla onnah
,anhsirK id emon led elibittecrepmi enoizitepir al ,oirom
ertnem ,elautirips ossergorp oirporp len anosrep anu atuia
-locsa’l ehc oroloc ittut a oicifeneb id è ecov atla da otnac li
onaraihcid artsahs ilg òicreP .atkahb oniuneg nu ad onat
-nac li odnadol e odnanguporp ,otacilputnec è otteffe’l ehc
”.emon otnas led ecov atla da ot
etlov otnec è ecov atla da amaN-iraH irS olled otnac lI“
ertnem éhcrep ,elibittecrepmi odom ni olretepir ehc eroilgim
-ifitnas omirp li ,aticer ol ihc olos acifitnas odotem odnoces li
len otatic ,anaruP ayidaraN( .onatlocsa ol ehc oroloc ittut ac
”. )372.61 alil-idA atavagahb-aynatiaC
li etepir ihc eroilgim etlov otnec onaredisnoc anaruP I“
.elibittecrepmi odom ni af ol ihc id ecov atla da emon otnas
isaislauq nu ni odneviv ,és art emon otnas li aromrom ihC
941 itnepres id erotatnacni’l e rukahT sadiraH

-ed eresse òup ilairetam inous ied atlocsa es ,oiratilos ogoul

eneiv enoizazzilaer aus al e ,ataredised atem aus allad otaiv
,emon otnas led anirttod alled etnarongi odnessE .ataivnir ìsoc
-itepir alled ,asahbaman ,emon otnas led osselfir odillap led
orol elled e ,ahdarapaman ,emon otnas led avisneffo enoiz
è elibittecrepmi odom ni aromrom ol ihc ,inoizisop evittepsir
isravirp e aseffo evarg anu erettemmoc a osneporp erpmes
-locsA .emon otnas led otnac led icifeneb irev i ittut id òicrep
i art aznereffid atseuq id asuac arev al enoiznetta atipar noc at
otnas led elibittecrepmi eraidomlas lI .itnaripsa id ipit eud
-ocitrap leuq etnemalos atuia ,otanoiznem àig oh emoc ,emon
ecov atla da enoizucese’l osrevartta ,ertnem ,oudividni eral
,inamu-bus e inamu ,iresse ilg ittut ,adnivoG irS id natriknas led
odom ni onasnep itloM .ayaM id asrom allad itarebil onos
-oloc ihcop onos ertnem ,issets es erenetnam a olos ocitsioge
ertla id aiailgim onatuia ,adnocric il ihc a e és a ertlo ,ehc or
-purg eud itseuq arT .odnom otseuq ni erevivvarpos a enosrep
artsov al etnemroiggam av ihc a ,’op nu etid ,enosrep id ip
-ir emoc ehcna elav òiC .iov ad eneb etepas oL ?aznereferp
”.adnamod etnedecerp aut alla atsops
atla da etepir ihc ehc eripac omaissop oipmese otseuq aD
olla è am ,atsioge-non nu olos è non erongiS led emon li ecov
È .atsiurtla de asoreneg ,avitisop anosrep anu opmet ossets
otnec è emon otnas li ecov atla da eretepir ehc oivvo otnatrep
.olraromrom ehc eroilgim etlov
ad è iraH irS id emon led ecov atla da enoizitepir aL“
-toda etsioge enosrep eL .omsiurtla id amrof eroilgim al alos
,enoizatidem alled ,elatnem enoizaticer alled odotem li onat
amina’lled omerpus enif lI .aiv ìsoc e oripser led ollortnoc led
eneb lI .inadnom izrofs ilat noc azzilaer is non elaudividni
otnas led otnac li noc otunetto eresse òup avij alled otulossa
-nassecni odom ni ,iraH irS itnadraugir isrocsid i noc e emon
”.otnemom nu ehcnaen isramref aznes ,et
 051

-leuq a ’op nu ehcnaen euqcaip non sadiraH id atsopsir aL

olodnecaf ,arelloc aus al olos òcovorP .onimharb otanitso’l
-ra’l otatnevid è aro sadiraH otseuQ“ .eiruf el ettut us eradna
-olif esomaf ies omaibba aidnI nI .aifosolif artson alled ecifet
ayhknaS )1 :àtilanosrep idnarg itnereffid ies ad esuffid eifos
)4 ,adanaK id akihsesiaV )3 ,ilajnataP id agoY )2 ,alipaK id
-arattU )6 ,inimiaJ id asnamiM-avruP )5 ,amatuaG id ayayN
.sayvadeV anayapiavD anhsirK id nahsraD atnadeV o asnamiN
id eiv el enarts onos emoC .amittes al :atnuigga’nu è atseuQ
àrevort acidev enoigiler artson al opmet led radna’l noC !ilaK
emoc itnenopse id eratnups ol noc aznatimocnoc ni ,enif aus al
-ocna omerva eifosolif etseuq id ertla etnauq àssihC .sadiraH
ardus i elauq al odnoces ,artsahs ilged aizeforp aL !orutuf ni ar
àig è is ,arucso are’tseuq id enif al osrev adeV i onnarropse
ehc ognul a ìsoc erednetta ehcnaen omaibbod noN .atarevva
otseuq ni artsahs ilg odnageipS .erinif rep aits aguY otseuq
-oiziled obic id itodnazzogni asac ni asac id iav en et ut ,odom
òrdev ,artsahs ilg noc aenil ni è non enoizageips aut al eS .os
-emmi onagnev it eihccero el e osan li ehc odom ni raf id oi
”.etailgat etnemataid
elibanerferri id enoisserpse’tseuq a esopsir non sadiraH
emon li odnaicnunorp osirros nu noc ettevecir aL .aznagorra
odnatnac anecs al etnemataidemmi ònodnabbA .iraH irS id
ùip id odnoces nu eredrep aznes ,emon otnas li ecov atla da
-lun ittafni onoravort non itinuir ìl itneserp I .etneg alleuq noc
ous led affots assets alled isse’hcna onare éhcrep ,eridir ad al
.irotaccep iroiggep ied ailgazzocca’nu ,erotucolretni
-eim ettevod onimharb odifrep leuq opod onroig ehclauQ
-av id occatta nu :elorap eus elled ezneugesnoc erama el eret
.osan li omirp rep eredac ecef ilg otneluriv oloi

etnemamitni avitnes is sadiraH osoidrociresim e orenet lI

151 itnepres id erotatnacni’l e rukahT sadiraH

-nem ossepS .odnom led enoizidnoc alla odnasnep otarolodda

idnoforp ied avetteme ”anhsirK“ id emon li avaicnunorp ert
ereviv id ailgov al attut osrep iamro avevA .erolod id iripsos
-etnedra avaredised e etnedaced àteicos alleuq id ozzem len
rep ìtrap ìsoc ,orecnis otoved ehclauq id enoizaicossa’l etnem
.pivdavaN
-aips otteggos nu atatnevid è navagahB rep enoizoved aL
-mes ennod e inimoU .onavorppasid enosrep etlom ehc elovec
-aihc ehc elleuq ni etnematelpmoc onodrep is e ilaicifitra onarb
-ev is non àtinamu’lled ilibon àtilauq eL .’àtidomoc‘ omaim
-oedi ,asoigilerri ativ ad etiutitsos onoS .etrap anussen ad onod
e ,itatimil irattes iziduigerp ,oido ,omsioge ,esoigilerri eigol
.ereneg led esoc
-nerp akirusa arutan id enosrep etlom ,arucso are’tseuq nI
-id e soac eratrop rep ,anamharb ied esac ellen aticsan onod
al e ecap al erabrutsid e onivid elaicos enidro’llen enoizurts
.odnedog onnats is enosrep enoub ehcop el ehc àticilef
ellen aticsan odnednerp ,ilaK id are’lled enoizetorp al ottoS“
ihcop ieuq onnaretnemrot asaskar i ,anamharb ied eilgimaf
len otatic anaruP aharaV ”.eruttircs ellen itasrev etnemarev
.103.61 alil-idA atavagahB aynatiaC
.enoizaregase’nu allun rep è non enoizamreffa atteddus aL
ni otartsiger otats àig è ,etneserp la omaitnemireps ehc olleuQ
-tauq ella odrocca ni itavele ùip i ,anamharb i eS .aznedecerp
ertla elled ediug el azneugesnoc id e àteicos alled inoisivid ort
atudac eloverolped elat noc isratnorfnoc onoved ,issalc ert
icifircas ,otabilec ,enoizoved ,àtilarom id sutats otavele’llad
illeuq id enoizidnoc al eresse òup elauq ,aiv ìsoc e ,isoigiler
nu òup emoc ,onocsicram icidar el eS ?orol ad onodnepid ehc
itseuq ,artsahs ilga odrocca ni ,ottaf iD ?erevivvarpos orebla
onocsibiorp ic artsahs-amrahd i ittuT .ilibaccotni irev i onos
illeuQ .orol noc enoizaler isaislauq anu ereva id etnemasorogir
ailgimaf anu ni aticsan orol alled isoilgogro otlom onos ehc
 251
rep e atkahb i rep otanni oido nu onortun e ,oiggangil otla’d
-oizaler anucla orol noc aibba is ehc onatirem non ,navagahB
eracrec eved ,anosrep elat anu artnocni ihC .opit nussen id ,en
,alraccot olos lA .izzem i ittut noc alrative id etnemataidemmi
eiresim a adarts al àrenaips òic am ,animatnoc is ic olos non
.enif aznes
omais ,otnemanetacni’d enoizidnoc etneserp artson alleN
otsottuip ,eingapmoc evittac elled azneulfni’lla isneporp ùip
id occot olos li eS .etnas e esoutriv enosrep elled alleuq a ehc
erid ehc ,ezneugesnoc ilovecaips ni eglovnioc ic enosrep ilat
?orol noc eedi’d oibmacs onu ereva o icranihcni id
eved is noN ?otnemogra otseuq id arocna eralrap éhcreP“
,oilgabs rep onemmen ,osrocsid o ottatnoc nucla ereva iam
.unsiV irS navagahB a isrevva onos ehc anamharb ieuq noc
eviv ehc( aladnac nu id aingapmoc al ative is emoc oirporP
eved is non odom ossets olla ,)enac id enrac id isodnertun
-ed ah non ehc anamharb nu da odraugs ol ereglovir eruppen
è es onisrep ,unsiV irS id otoved nU .unsiV irS rep enoizov
anaruP amdaP ”.idnom ert i acifitnas ,anrav ied irouf id la
.403-303.61 alil-idA .hB.C len otatic
enoizaerc id ossecorp nu è’c ,ocinemonef odnom otseuq nI
-oizairav anu da ednopsirroc aznereffid aL .ittepsa eud ah ehc
atig-davagahB aL .itaerc iresse ilged etrap ad enidutitta id en
i :etaerc àtitne id ipit eud onos ic odnom otseuq nI“ :ecid 6.61
”.arusa ilg e aviad
.anaruP amdaP len enoizamreffa assets al af avedasayV irS
,ocinemonef odnom len àtitne id issalc etnitsid eud onos iC
ilg e aviad onos unsiV irS id itoved I .arusa ilg e aviad i èoic
.atsoppo enoizisopsid anu onnah arusa
onoggessop ilauq i ,aved i enrecnoc enoizaerc id opit nU
.otaniffar otnematropmoc nu de atanimulli enoizisopsid anu
ia atsoppo etnemlanoizutitsoc è ehc ,àteirav adnoces anu è’C
-autirips enoizacifissalc allad etatneserppar inoiznuf eL .aved
351 itnepres id erotatnacni’l e rukahT sadiraH

li ,àtivitta ella e inoizisopsid ella odrocca ni ,àteicos alled el

etseuQ .aviad arutan al noc àtimrofnoc ni onos ,amarsanrav
.elibaromemmi opmet ad oslaverp onnah inoizaerc eud
onos ,aguy-aytas len oressiv ehc ,askaynariH e upisakaynariH
de unsiV a ilitso itats resse id ottaf li rep arusa emoc itangised
,ihsiR apaysaK id ilgif onare illetarf eud itseuQ .avansiav ia
id ailgimaf anu ni otan essof etnatsonoN .anamharb nu
aus alled aiv rep arusa ni òreneged upisakaynariH ,anamharb
avansiav nu ,asreveciV .avansiav i de unsiV irS osrev àtilitso
.arusa id ailgimaf anu ni isratsefinam òup unsiV irS id otoved o
nu uf en ,upisakaynariH id otinegomirp li ,adalharP ednarg lI
etnenime nu are ,aguy-atert len ,avarsavsiV .oipmese odiviv
,arusa osomaf nu are anavaR oilgif ous am ,ihsir-anamharb
.ardnacamaR irS osrev omsinogatna’lled aiv rep
-neuges al atilibats eneiv 53.11.7 matavagahB damirS olleN
-nenet ,aviad essalc alled enoizutitsi’lled esab emoc aloger et
eL“ :ativ id enoizidnoc alled e enoizisopsid alled otnoc od
enoizidnoc al atacidni eneiv ilauq el osrevartta ehcitsirettarac
eS .etilibats etats àig onos atsiet àteicos allen anosrep anu id
rep etrap af ehc onuclauq ni onavort is ehcitsirettarac elleuq
etrap otaredisnoc eresse’ved ,essalc etnereffid anu id aticsan
-arutan enoizisopsid aus alla ednopsirroc ehc essalc alleuq id
ehc ìs raf a alos ad etneiciffus è non aticsan ecilpmes aL .el
al ehcna ,essalc eralocitrap anu id etrap raf assop anosrep anu
”.airassecen è attodnoc
:anoiznem imawS arahdirS a k o l s otseuq odnatnemmoC
,ardus e aysiav ,ayirtask ,anamharb id enoizacifissalc alleN“
emoc ,àtilauq itnednopsirroc elled ossessop li etnatropmi è
”.aticsan al olos non e ,aiv ìsoc e ,ollortnocotua ,àtiminauqe
-etrappa eraredisnoc eved is anosrep anu ,elorap ertla nI
-oizisopsid aus al aihccepsir ehc essalc atanimreted alla etnen
-itsi’l aloger ehc esab id oipicnirp li è otseuQ .elaudividni en
aticsan aL .amarsanrav aviad li ,atsiet àteicos alled enoizut
 451
-animreted aL .atsac al animreted ehc oipicnirp olos li è non
-mi etnemroiggam al osrevartta ,issalc evittepsir elled enoiz
eS .acidev aloger arev al è ,enoizisopsid alled avorp etnatrop
alleuq ais non ehc essalc artla isaislauq ni atan anosrep anu
-eg anamharb nu id enged àtilauq el edeissop ,anamharb ied
alrattecca id ogilbbo’l anamharb irtla ilgus ebmocni ,oniun
aus alled avorp allus ,anamharb nu emoc avresir anucla aznes
ad è enoizagen elat ,ottaf eneiv non otseuq eS .enoizisopsid
-rep anu noc enoissennoc isaislauQ .asonimaccep israredisnoc
-aibba ehc itirem i ittut eggurtsid ,aeta enoizisopsid allad anos
-itta eirav ertson el noc otalumucca otnemom leuq a onif om
.eip àtiv
 8 OLOTIPAC

PIVDAVAN A SADIRAH

-oved I .pivdavaN a azneilgocca elaidroc anu ebbe sadiraH

ittut onavitnes :oppurg orol len olrevecir id icilef neb onare it
-temsart aingapmoc aus aL iul id osrev elaiceps enoizartta’nu
-gar asse ayracA atiavdA ni e elibimirpseni aioig anu orol avet
avattart ol ilge ehc otnup la ,omissam etimil ous li avegnuig
sadiraH aus etrap aD .ossets es id etnatropmi ùip essof es emoc
.ittut a otanoizeffa e etneidebbo otlom are
otirovaf etipso emoc pivdavaN a euqnud ìlibats is sadiraH
ingo avaibmacs itoved ied aingapmoc atidarg ni e ,atiavdA id
-uS erongiS led ilatnednecsart àtilauq ellus inoinipo onroig
,avacer is iv etlov a ,rupitnaS a arocna avats odnauQ .omerp
.ilanoisacco etisiv elled rep olos am
-olihc id oianitnec nu da atautis ,pivdavaN ipmet ieuq A
are ihtarigahB emuif led evir ellus ,attuclaC id dron a irtem
uf E .arutluc al rep ottuttarpos atamonir ,atsissergorp àttic anu
alled enoizanracni’l ,uhbarpahaM aynatiaC anhsirK irS ehc iuq
-erp alled etnenopse ednarg ùip li ,elatnednecsart enidutitaeb
al osrev otnevva ouS li ecef ,natriknas-aman led e itkahb am
.oloces omisecidniuq led enif
etnelaverp enoizautis al ,itoved id otteppurg led irouf id lA
non ,arutluc id ortnec otsav nu essof otnauq rep ,pivdavaN a
-rup otnauq ni ,sadiraH id ativ id elits olla anosnoc ottaffa are
eedi elled otnemaroireted elibatnemal nu otta ni are opport
 651
irS“ arepo erbelec aus allen asaD anavadnirV irS .esoigiler
odnom lI“ :enoizautis al ìsoc evircsed ”atavagahB aynatiaC
etneg aL .enoigiler id onges ingo id ovirp etnematelpmoc are
itnitsi issab ùip i erafsiddos len ataraffadni otlom avarbmes
-davagahB al onavenopse ehc oroloc onisreP .àtinamu’lled
-anoiznem én onavavresso non ,matavagahB damirS ol e atig
onavedeihc eruppen e ,natriknas-aman li o itkahb al iam onav
”.ativ orol allen acitarp ni ilrettem id icauges iledef orol ia
.8-7-61 alil-idA
al emoc eralopop ìsoc è ùdni ilged orcas orbil nusseN
enoigiler id dradnats orbil nu otaredisnoc È .atig-davagahB
.atenaip li ottut ni ùdni-non iad onisrep am ,aidnI ni olos non
irS navagahB id accob arcas allad etnematterid odnanamE
,odnom led esoigiler àtirev el ettut id isetnis anu è ,anhsirK
al ,orol art ottilfnoc ni eiroet el ettut id enoizailicnocir anu
-moc nu de aloveneb adiug anu ,dahsinapU elled aznesse arev
anu È .anrete ativ alled irotaiggaiv i rep eloveroma ongap
erolav id esoigiler àtirev itnaripsi id areinim airporp e arev
navagahB rep eroma’l e atanoizidnocni aser aL .ocitarp
-accep nu È .eruttircs id oproc oretni’lled aznatsos al onos
otseuq ageips ihc ehc ,arutnevs elatot anu ,oiggep rocna o ,ot
osnes elanab la eraugeda ilraf rep akols isoizerp ied isivart orbil
-ilbbup nu erednofnoc rep acsinif azneugesnoc id e ociripme
.etnarongi oc
damirS olled eralrap otitnes ah non aidnI ni iop ihC
erongiS led itoved irecnis i ittut ad otattecca È ?matavagahB
odidnelps ùip li È .enoizoved id arepo etnenime ùip al emoc
orol led arepo da ,artuS amharB ied otnemmoc eloverotua de
anayapiavD anhsirK irS oiggas ednarg li ,erotua ossets
al etnadraugir atsiv id otnup erotacifiraihc nu è ,sayvadeV
-isopse asoilgivarem anu è ,atarahbahaM acipe arepo ednarg
el ettut id elaiznesse otnussair nu de ,irtayag orcas led enoiz
anu otaticrese ah orbil osoirolg otseuQ .etalevir eruttircs
751 pivdavaN a sadiraH

-nI ni enosrep esoremun id ativ allus azneulfni etnavelir

itkabh amerp o enoizoved arup erappulivs a itnalena ,aid
-oved id ennerep onaeco nu è arepo’otseuQ .navagahB rep
ehc etneduled otnattertla È .anhsirK irS rep eloveroma enoiz
-emmen oressaimrapsir non pivdavaN id ilauttelletni idira ilg
-oma itoved ied otireferp orbil li ,matavagahB damirS olla on
odom ni elorap id ologogizra elautiba e otazrof orol li ,ilover
-oc omaibboD .itacifingis italapmarts ùip i enrartse ad elat
etudev orol el erevoumorp id rup ,ehc ilraizargnir euqnum
-atelpmoc olraf a itavirra aivattut onos non ,ehcitsilairetam
.,arret alled aiccaf allad eriraps etnem
-ese de iratilos itsop ni onavinuir is pivdavaN id atkahb I
.inam elled otittab li noc isodnangapmocca natrik onaviug
ocitsacras la ìggufs non enoizucese atalev atseuq onisreP
etnorp erpmes ,àttic alled esoigiler-itna enosrep elled omsicitirc
.otanimircsidni odom ni itoved i eramaffid a
oI ?odom otseuq ni erazzamaihcs ad otnat onnah éhcreP“
éhcreP .aznetsise anrete de arup erpmes al ,namharB onos
a aznereffid anu id aedi’l ozzem id rettem eved etneg atseuq
ocinu nu id irotivres ittut omais ehc aedi’l ,elautirips ollevil
al emoc odotem otseuq otattoda onnah etnemaruciS ?enordap
!itnavA .enisomele elled israrucissa rep etneinevnoc ùip acitarp
”.irouf ilomaittabs e esac orol el omaiggurtsiD
-auq oraihc nu ereva òup is ,itsopse aneppa itad ihcop iaD
enoizalopop alled etrap roiggam alled enoizisopsid alled ord
allen aserp are etneg alleuQ .sadiraH id ipmet ia pivdavaN id
aifosolif aL .omsieta id opit osolocirep nu id asrom elibirret
emoc ilaedi ious i de enoigiler al avaicnuned ,atireferp aciroet
ad atsiv are àtivitta ingO .elaicos àtinu’lla olocatso roiggep li
-afsiddos alled e ocimonoce esseretni’lled atsiv id otnup nu
-eneb irev i ,itoved itneconni ihcop I .ilairetam isnes ied enoiz
id oilgasreb ittaf etnematanutrofs onare ,àtinamu’lled irottaf
.inoizailimu de ihccatta
 851
-im otlom è non ,onroigiggo etnelaverp esoc id otats oL
reP .af oloces ehclauq pivdavaN a are’c ehc olleuq id eroilg
elled acimaronap everb anu ,elaicifrepus e atelpmocni otnauq
otuia’d icresse ebbertop ,ipmet ieuq id itnanimoderp inoizidnoc
-noc odnom ortson len itneve ilged osroc li oilgem eripac rep
.oenaropmet
àtlaer anu ni ereviv id opmac ingo ni omaitnav ic enebbeS
ativ alled ilatnemadnof imelborp i ,atazzilivic ùip e eroirepus
-amu’l odnom led airots allen amirp iaM .itlosirri onognamir
-moc omaibbA .iggo emoc ecap id ongosib otnat otuva ah àtin
-ais òicrep e otassap led ilaedi ilibon i otacitnemid etnematelp
-etam ilaedi de eedi id edno ellad ituttabs etnemetneloiv om
.enoizurtsid eroiggep alla ortnocni odnadna ,itsilair
el ettut id oianarg oniuneg nu opmet nu are ehc aidnI’L
oialocof nu ni aro atamrofsart è is ,àtinamu’lled àtilauq ilibon
-erolped atseuq ad icravlas emoC .ilovedargs ùip iziv i ittut id
?enoizidnoc elov
aneip noc erevivir raf id ozrofs otarepsid nu af is non eS
-ossa erednerp id e ,elautirips àtidere’l ,arutluc acitna’l azrof
,enoigiler elibon alleuq id ilibillafni àtirev ellen oigufir otul
-atac elibirret atseuq a erevivvarpos id aznareps acop neb è’c
.iggo atneserp is ehc eforts
illav ellen o engatnom etla ellen è non ,aidnI’lled airolg aL
ehccir e edidnelps ellen o ehcimaronap etsiv ellen ,ilassiba
itsav ien ,itavenni ihccip itla ilgen ehcnaen e non ,inoigatnaip
-udorp allen ehcnaen ,idreverpmes erunaip ellen o ,inaipitla
eruppen e ,ocimonoce otnemaznava’llen e elairtsudni enoiz
-en ìsneb ,etatlafsa edarts id eter allen o acitilop àtrebil allen
.ilautirips iroset ilibiruaseni de ilibaiggerapmi ilg
-ir otoved orev ingo ,ahsrav-atarahB id arret arcas alleN
enif al e oipicnirp li ,àtidere aus emoc enoigiler al acidnev
elaiceps anu edeissop aidnI ni assets arret aL .ativ aus alled
.osoigiler otnitsi nu id atangerpmi è asse ,ìS .acitsirettarac
951 pivdavaN a sadiraH

osserpseni oroset elauq ,enoigileR

,anivid alorap atseuq ni edeisiR
otnegra’lled e oro’lled osoizerp ùiP
.erirffo òup arret atseuq ehc òic ottut id O

-er aL !etnaripsi è’moC !ameop otseuq etnaccot è otnauQ

-orp li rep elibasnepsidni e elaiznesse erottaf nu è enoigil
enraf òup noN .omou’lled elasrod anips al È .onamu osserg
-norffa eved omou’l ehc imelborp iloveremunni ilG .onem a
-afsiddos atsopsir anu erenetto onossop otnemom ingo erat
oveillos e otuia avort non omou’L .enoigiler allad olos etnec
-nes omou’L .enoigiler allen non es ativ alled arefs anussen ni
lad otatropsart emes nu emoc è ,oiD ni edef o ,enoigiler az
-isoped evod otsop nu aznes ,àl id e auq id otattollabs ,otnev
-id id onaiccanim ic ehc àtimalac eirav eL .israppulivs e israt
-ossop - elautirips ottuttarpos e elairetam ,elarom - enoizurts
.osoigiler otnemicsanir nu ad etatnorffa etnemlicaf eresse on
,ezzehccir elled enoizaroda’l ,acitsilairetam enoisiv anU“
al odnauq are’tseuq ni onnarrudortni’s ,oiD id aznegilgen al e
alled oilgogro’l e ihcco ilged airussul al ,enrac alled airussul
omou’l es è’c ongadaug ehC“ ”.omou’l onnaredarged ,ativ
,oettaM( ”?edrep is amina’l am ,oretni odnom li angadaug
-tircs ellad eserp inoizamreffa eud etseuQ .)62.61 ,1 olegnaV
aronif atsiv id itnup i erazroffar ehc onnaf non enaitsirc erut
.itatneserp
onroigiggo è àtinamu’l iuc aznereffos al attut id asuac aL
-orppa ah ol onuclauQ .oiD rep enoisrevva aus al è ,atteggos
arev al è enoigilerri’L“ :odom otseuq ni otageips etnematairp
-alos ecsan enoizilffa’L .otitrevrep è ehc òic ottut id arutan
nu ecsidergga enoigilerri’l odnauQ .enoigilerri’llad etnem
elled ativ al ,arret al ,aira’l ,eggoip el ,inoigats el arolla ,eseap
otnat ni otnat iD .attorroc atnevid ,ammosni asoc ingo ,etnaip
 061
-gehccas i ,eittalam el ,eznelitsep el ,àticcis el ,inoizadnoni el
ni olodnaicsal eseap li onazzaps eugnas id itnemigraps ilg e ig
”.enoizurtsid alla de ortsasid la aderp
ingo id elarutan e etnereni enoiznuf al è oiD a oizivres lI
-va’L .enoizutitsoc arev aus allad elibarapesni ,arup amina
-ossa amitni artson alla eved is oiD a oizivres li rep enoisrev
elarutan artson al aibbenna ehc ,àtinadnom al noc enoizaic
-id iresse omais ioN .erotaerC ortson li erivres a enoizisopsid
arev artson aL .asse da ineila avort ic enoizangats al ,iciman
-zilaer al osrev ,oiD id enoizerid ni erpmes è enoizanilcni
-anretse de etnemanretni ,anivid azneicsoc alled enoizaz
-ivid azneicsoc alled azneirepse atseuq etnemalos È .etnem
alled enoizisopsid al o elibitsiserri ongosib li ecsercca ehc an
enidutitaeB id oiredised otaretevni’lleuq ,etnem artson
alled eroiretni ongosib otseuq omaiuges eS .elatnednecsarT
-ir omainev itnemirtla ,ittefrep e icilef omaitnevid ,amtavij
-od ied e imelborp ied ,àtinadnom alled ecitrov len itaihccus
.opmacs è’c non ilauq iad irol
emoc ,ecsinu ic ehc ùtriv elibon alos al è oiD a oizivres lI
.àtinivid alled azneserp al ion ni odnaripsi ,itneviv àtitne
odarg ni edner ic e ativ alled enoisiv arev al alevir ic ossE
-aeR .onivid oretsim led inoizatsefinam el eratnemireps id
-adnocric ic ehc esoc el ettut id arutan arev al ertloni omaizzil
id aznacnam aL .esse noc enoizaler aus al e és ortson li ,on
-os ,omsioge’llad etadiug ,etalosi àtitne edner ic ùtriv atseuq
al anoigirps ehc eretop id airussul eliballortnocni’nu ad etnips
.enoizurtsid atelpmoc alla odnatrop azzerama aus
led ilativ itrap el otarovid ah ehc asoigatnoc aittalam aL
nu ,oiD a oizivres eredner a enoisrevva’l è ,onreido odnom
li e ataloger neb àteicos ingo id elasrod anips al è ehc oizivres
.anamu àteiradilos alled otnemadnof
-mi’l ais omou’l ehc ecid ihc id enoinipo’l aro omaideV
-utan arev orol alleN .erotaerC ous led attefrepmi enigam
161 pivdavaN a sadiraH

inoizaname ,oiD id ilamisetinifni ellecitrap onos emina el ar

elos led iggar i emoc ,erongiS led elanigram aigrene’lled
al iam eved non elos li aM .aznetsise orol al iul a onoved ehc
id ,aioig id inoisserpse avort erdap nU .iggar ia aznetsise aus
-seneb orol led aruc erpmes ednerp is ,ilgif ien ,.cce ,airgella
asoirb e ecaviv anu erenetnam a onocsiubirtnoc isse de ,eres
ious i e idom ious i onadifs non issE .asac allen arefsomta
oizivres nu onodner ilg e onottemottos is oirartnoc la ;itsug
-im ,odnom led aion al evoumir ilgE ,etnemlimiS .orecnis
-olod e àticilef etiv ertson ellen etnemavitanretla odnaihcs
ni enoizidnoc amirp alled azzelleb al eraiznedive rep ,er
is ic itnemirtlA .adnoces alled àtisorbenet al noc otsartnoc
-euq nI .àticilef aunitnoc alled eredog id onisrep ebberefuts
otseuq ni àticaviv al e ainomra’l eneitnam ilgE odom ots
.odnom
-rociresim erongiS la atlovir atadnofni asucca’nu è atseuQ
-mini ebberas odnom led enoizidnoc al ,essof ìsoc eS .osoid
-ats elled isredeccus ocilcic lI .elibatropposni de elibanigam
i eratnorffa rep etsivvorp itnadnobba id ortsinimmos li ,inoig
e ,aizitsuig alled ,àtinu’lled ,àtinamu’lled ingosib imittigel
,itnas idnarenev iloveremunni’d enoizirappa’l ottuttarpos
otairporppa odom ni eranimulli rep ,erongiS led itirovaf i
icradiug rep e oiub len omailocnarb ehc itudac ilgif ion
eniuneg ehc ortla onos non ,anrete ecul al e ativ al osrev
,iuL È .ion id osrev enoissapmoc arev auS alled inoisserpse
er u t a er c i o n e g g e t or p e h c , a i d r o c i r e s i m a r u p a u S r e p
enoissucsid ni etnemecadua omaittem ehc ,itnecsonocirri
-uttircs el ehcnA .ederc oilgem emoc eriga id ottirid ouS li
-va ouS led e anrete àtirev alled onalrap ehc ,ilibillafni er
el ehc ortla onos non ,ilaizrap e iranelp ittepsa ilgen ,otnev
-rev aidrociresim atinifni auS alled inoisserpse ehcitnetua
atsefinam is onivid erongiS led aidrociresim aL .ion id os
-mi etnem noc e odnoforp odom ni ,ion eS .idom itlom ni
 261

-is ,inaiditouq itneve ious i de odnom li omaiduts ,elaizrap

ortson led asoidrociresim onam al omaitrevva etnemaruc
ingo’d airussul ad itacecca ilgif iouS ,ion adiug ehc ,erotaerc
as erdam anussen emoc ,ion id aruc ednerp is ilgE .opit
-lov ingo de ,anivid aidrociresim auS alled ettal li noc ,eraf
aihcsim ilgE ,àtigavlam atatnorfs id inges omairtsom ehc at
-ir rep ,aznereffos arama id isod eloccip elled ettal leuq a
-er rep e aittalam elibarucni itnemirtla artson al erevoum
ehc elarutan ottut led È .itnarre emina ertson el eremid
emoc ,atkahb o itoved itnedra iouS i osrev elaizrap ais ilgE
itided illeuq a ottepsir itacude ilgif i ecsireferp ehc erdap nu
avitterroc enoizinup anu onisrep eggilfni ilauq ia ,otaccep la
.otnemaroilgim orol li rep
à r v o d er d a p l i , o p m e t n i i t t er r o c n o s n o n i l g i f i e S
-ressoni rep e itarucsart ilreva rep aploc al enesracrabbos
ad azzirddar is orebla nU .orol id osrev irevod ious ied aznav
e inoizirtsoc eL .olap nu id otuia’l noc ehcna atlovlat ,oloccip
-iddos rep onos non ilgif ia enopmi erdap nu ehc inoizinup el
-os otadiug è ilgE .etitrevrep o ehcidas eznednet eus el erafs
.eneb orol li rep af ol ,ilreggerroc id àtissecen allad etnemal
non olraf lad etsised e ,ecsinup ic erongiS li etnemlimiS
-ta nu opoD .otnemadneme’lled inges i omairtsom aneppa
itneminevva ilg àrehciduig aiggas anosrep anu ,emase otnet
-moc id e elaizrapmi aizitsuig id avorp eroilgim al emoc
led ,otneminrecsid id otinrof ah ic ilgE .otterroc otnematrop
li erapuics o ottefrep eredner ion a atS .oirtibra orebil osomaf
-sop non ioN .elaizrapmi erpmes è erongiS lI .onitsed ortson
ehc ,inoiza euS ella enif odnoces nussen eratupmi omais
.azzetterroc id otirips onu ad etnemacinu etadiug onos
”.iareilgoccar inimes ehc òiC“
-len ihc rep idnarg ìsoc inoizirtser e inoizavirp onos ic noN
eliballortnocni e etnassecni’nu etnemaniuneg etnes omitni’l
-neserp is ehc ilocatso ilG .oiD id enoizazzilaer al rep amarb
361 pivdavaN a sadiraH

-ertse orol la ituvod onos ,itnaripsa inucla id adarts allus onat

otseuq id irotisnart itteggo de irecaip a otnemaccatta om
inoizirtser elled iam enopmi non erongiS li otnatreP .odnom
osac len ecudir el én ,enosrep id oppurg eralocitrap nucla da
etitrevva inoizavirp e inoizirtser elled àtireves aL .irtla id
-aip a otnemaccatta ous led odarg lad ednepid etnaripsa’llad
.inadnom itteggo de irotisnart irec
inoizavirp id ottaf ,enoizacifirup id ossecorp li osrevarttA
-ome aioig al eratnemireps rep omaihcifilauq ic ,inoizirtser e
-oved anu eracitarp id ottap a ,erongiS li eredev id etnanoiz
.etrap anussen ad ednocsan is non ilgE .iuL rep eloveroma enoiz
,àtirecnisni id e ibbud id oladed nu ni omaiviv ehc ion omaiS
ol emoc ,àtislaf id otnam osseps onu ottos omaidnocsan ic e
-bod ehc ion omaiS .aibbas allen atset al ednocsan ehc ozzurts
-nac e iuL id osrev eloveroma enoizoved al eracitarp omaib
-isseva’L es emoc àras e ,emon ouS li etnemetnassecni erat
.otarpmoc om
da otida aicsal non ehc oraihc ìsoc odom ni otted ah ilgE
ilged irouc ien én ahtnukiaV a én odeisir non oI“ :icoviuqe
-ir oI ìl ,emon oiM li onatnac itoved ieiM i euqnuvo ;igoy
”!adaraN ho ,odeis
-ipac ilg e rupitnaS a avats odnauQ .sadiraH da omainroT
alla avamref is ilge ,pivdavaN etnemlanoisacco eratisiv id avat
eznaniciv ellen atautis ayracA atiavdA irS id ,aloucs al ,loT
aynatiaC irS id otoved narg nu ,atidnaP asavirS irS id asac alled
asavirS erecsonoc id enoisacco ebbe sadiraH ìL .uhbarpahaM
li avassap ilge aingapmoc orol ni e ,atkahb irtla de atidnaP
.natrik odneugese opmet ous
-mib nu ,onibmab nu arocna are uhbarpahaM aynatiaC irS
.ilitnafni itnemitrevid e ihcoig ad oserp ottut osoiccirpac ob
.iuL ni otipossa etnemadnoforp are otnevva ouS led opocs oL
e elibisiv avittartta’d onges nucla otartsom arocna aveva noN
-idrolabs etnemlibageipsni onare ezzettaf eiranidroarts euS el
 461
-isrep ,itoved id oppurg oretni’lled ihcco ilga itnaripsi de evit
.ayracA atiavdA ednarg li rep on
reva opod ,uhbarpahaM aynatiaC irS odnauq ,otiuges nI
aretni’l etnematelpmoc òibmac ,ayaG a enoizaizini otuvecir
isatse’lled opmac li - avoun anu rep avittepsorp aihccev auS
e ayracA atiavdA noc ,pivdavaN id itoved i - elanoizoved
everb nI .icilef e itaiggarocni onoritnes is ,atset ni sadiraH
auS al ottos ìnuir is e ,erotavlaS li iuL ni ediv oppurg oretni’l
.ossucsidni redael emoc olodnattecca ,areidnab
uhbarpahaM aynatiaC irS ehc natriknas led otluc ovoun lI
savirS id asac allen itoved iouS ia etnemanaiditouq avettemsart
alled etrap anu id enoizisoppo etrof e atnorp al òrtnocni ,tidnaP
-ref rep esrosir eus el ettut òngepmi etneg alleuQ .àtinumoc
,enoigiler avoun anu avarbmes ,erid orol a ,ehc alleuq eram
onif ,ùdni edef alled inoizidart el ortnoc essadna ehc odnasnep
erogiv etnecserc noC .itoved i ehcna eratnemrot id otnup la
iterges ittolpmoc ied onoraiduts e inoizatiga elled onoraizini
-asu issE .otnemivom oretni’l etnematelpmoc ereggurtsid rep
-im ,itoved itneconni ilga itlusni onavaicnal e eccalorap onav
acisif azneloiv ,ezneugesnoc ilibirro id onisrep ilodnaiccan
.asulcni
-oizautis alled àtivarg al ìtrevva uhbarpahaM agnaruaG irS
aznedaced eloverolped al rep enoissapmoc avavorp ilgE .en
-nemaibmac odipar li rep e ,ilarom e isoigiler ipicnirp orol ied
avaredised ilgE .oiggep ni elam id avadna ehc itneve ilged ot
ni natriknas led ipicnirp iouS i odnagaporp àtinamu’l eratuia
-zinagro aveloV .elatan àttic atsav auS allen ogral ni de ognul
-isoporp otseuq a e atrop ni atrop id eraloger aciderp anu eraz
orol eseihC .rukahT sadiraH e uhbarP adnanaytiN irS eslecs ot
-res ,anhsirK id etalraP“ oiggassem ouS li oressednoffid ehc
id otnemangesni’l acitarp ni etettem e anhsirK etiv
.otiugese etnemledef uf enidro’l e ,atrop ni atrop id “anhsirK
aynatiaC irS id elaiceps erovaf li ennetto sadiraH
561 pivdavaN a sadiraH

.itireferp icauges iouS ied onu are arO .uhbarpahaM

-bup enoizartsomid al òizini uhbarpahaM namirS odnauQ
.M .S ,pivdavaN id ottertsid led otartsigam li ortnoc acilb
-zinagro ,natriknas led irotisoppo itaraihcid i e ,izaK dnahG
,pivdavaN id edarts el rep enoissecorp acsetnagig anu odnaz
-isnoc enoissecorp aretni’L .elaicurc etrap anu eslovs sadiraH
,ippurg ni esividdus enosrep id aiailgim id aianitnec id avets
are sadiraH .natriknas ous li errudnoc avevod oppurg ingo de
aus al e ilanoizoved eznad el noc e ,itseuq id onu id opac a
.avauges ol ihc elibivircsedni odom nu ni òripsi azneserp atnas
uhbarpahaM aynatiaC irS id àtivitta itnatropmi el ettut nI
-ca’lled onroig la onif ,pivdavaN a onroiggos ouS li etnarud
-assap itlom onos ic non ,isaynnas id enidro’lled enoizattec
olour nu ebbe ilgE .sadiraH etneserp essof non iuc ni ipmet
.ittut isauq ni ovitacifingis
ni ,aynatiaC irS id ”enoizaleviR narG“ alled onroig leN
namirS ,itoved i ittut id azneserp ni ,tidnaP savirS id asac
.sadiraH id eirolg el òmalcorp uhbarpahaM
oiM led orac ùip ies im uT !adraug !sadiraH “ :essid ilgE
acirogetac è’c non ehc isafne noc oraihcid oI .oproc ossets
-neulfni’l ottos enosrep eL .aiM al e atsac aut al art aznereffid
ottepsa nu ad esoc el onodev aznarongi amissam alled az
la àtiroirepus anu eriubirtta onossop issE .elaicos etnemarem
oI .onamlusum è ehc out la ottepsir anamharb id oproc oiM
-li arup alled asrom allen etnematelpmoc onos isse ehc ocid
.ion art aznereffid aminim al è’c non ehc orucissa iT .enoisul
iproc irporp i aredisnoc etneserp la ,ùdni ilged aeta enoizes aL
nos is ùdni ilg azneugesnoc iD .inamlusum illeuq a iroirepus
-epus atsac anu id etrap raf id oreisnep la oilgogro’d itaifnog
-narg onisrep iroirefni emoc erannadnoc a atrop il ehc li ,eroir
-ele onem etunetir àtinumoc ni aticsan oserp nah ehc itoved id
laD .erorre’llen onos ,anutrofs orol rep ,enosrep etseuQ .etav
anucla icresse ebbervod non atsilairetam nu id atsiv id otnup
 661

odom ni otangepmi ,otoved nu id oproc otnas li art aznereffid

-leuq e ,omerpuS erongiS led eloveroma oizivres la ovisulcse
otseuQ .ilairetam ipocs ni atrossa ,airanidro anosrep anu id ol
otats onu eriubirttA .avisneffo enidutitta’nu etnemaibbudni è
olos esab allus anosrep isaislauq a àtiroirefni o àtiroirepus id
-iced rep otairporppa odotem li è non ,elanimes aticsan anu id
-noc eneiv oznorb li emoc oirporP‘ .enoitseuq elat anu ered
olla ,elafosolif arteip alled atlucco aznetop allad oro ni otitrev
nu ,itkahb alled azneulfni elaiceps al osrevartta ,odom ossets
-iraH( ’.otazzilautirips etnematelpmoc eneiv elairetam oproc
-arapmocni airolg al erilibats retop reP .)21.2.1 asaliv-itkahb
,aznetop elibipecnocni auS al osrevartta , itkahb alled elib
-ideneb ol e atkahb led elairetam oproc li eggurtsid navagahB
ellad otaton eneiv non otseuq am ,elautirips oproc nu noc ec
-es nu è arudecorp al ehc otnemom laD .etsilairetam enosrep
,ereneg led etneg e ,idiolauttelletni ilg ,itsilairetam i rep oterg
-netrappa itoved i ehc enoinipo’lla itaccatta arocna onos isse
inamu iproc onaggessop ehc ,atsac eralocitrap anu da onag
eirporp elled inoizaer el eribus onabbed ehc e orol i emoc
etats onos it ehc àticorta el ettut id odrocir olos lA .inoiza
idiv odnauQ .azzeps is erouc oiM li ,irotaccep ieuq ad ettilfni
izaK oigavlam led inimou ilgad àteip aznes otatsurf ivinev ehc
li noc etnemataidemmi osecsid onos ,eiv elleuq ettut ognul
ehc aM .atset al orol railgat a otnorp ,arkac-nahsradus oiM
-rep ,asefid aut ni erinevretni ovetop noN ?eraf ovetop asoc
oihcsir a onisreP .ilranodrep id etnemaunitnoc ivagerp ut éhc
ut ,ehcisif inoizacifitrom iroiggep elled e ativ assets aut alled
-en iout i ,itnafruf ieuq ittut id eneb li etnemetrof ivaredised
a otazrof iuF ?areihgerp aut al eratuifir ovetop emoC .icim
erolod etrof lad oveillos erad itretop reP .ocsid oim li eraritir
-ev iouP .eloccE .oproc oiM lus ittevecir el ,etatsurf elleuq id
-nannagni ots it noN .oproc oiM lus iploc ieuq id inges i ered
atiavdA .osroccos out ni ererroc ecef iM aznereffos aut aL .od
761 pivdavaN a sadiraH

iM ehc iuL .azzednarg aut al erecsonocir otupas ah ayracA

”.eloveroma oizivres ouS li noc oreinoigirp ottaf ah
,aynatiaC irS id arbbal etnas ellad elorap etseuq odnetneS
-oc odnedrep eddac ,atinifni aioig anu ad otatropsart ,sadiraH
onaeco nu ni osrep ,isnes id ovirp ’op nu rep esamir e ,azneics
lad òilgevsir ol uhbarpahaM namirS .elibarapmocni aioig id
alled enomitset resse id eseihc ilg e elautirips otnemipar ous
.erouc ous led enoizafsiddos atelpmoc a onif enoizalevir auS
.etnemasoipoc avegnaip ,allun eredev a avicsuir non sadiraH
iS .ilautirips inoizabrutrep elled inges i ittut aveva oproc luS
-os ennevs e idnoforp iripsos ied ecef ,otnemivap lus òlotor
itatnevid onare itnemitnes ious I .anivid isatse’llad ottaffarp
etnuig inam a e àtlimu attut ni ,isodnenopmociR .iliballortnocni
:uhbarpahaM namirS a edol eser
e erotavlaS hO !osrevinu’lled ortseam hO !erongiS hO“
otseuq id aidrociresim ibbA !idnom itinifni ilged erottetorp
-auq isaislauq id ovirP .otroppus olos oim li ies uT .erotaccep
-led eralrap ossop emoc ,onos emoc otudac atsac-irouf nu ,àtil
is enosrep el atsiv ecilpmes aim allA ?ùtriv etinifni euT el
-ni è ,em ad itaccot itats resse opod ,irotaccep ni onamrofsart
al è oiggaroc imrad A .otelpmoc ongab nu israf elibasnepsid
al onemmen erarucsart ioup non ehc assemorp ennelos auT
e ,ideip itnas iouT i adrocir ehc erutaerc euT elled aloccip ùip
de itnagorra onartsom is es inarvos i onemmen imrapsir non
-ir iad asuac aznes aidrociresim auT alled aiv reP .isoigilerri
emoc aM .eT id onadrocir is ehc emina elleuq ettut a oiguf
-acnam iM .àtilauq alleuq eruppen oh noN !oi otanutrofs onos
.iTradrocir id itteffe isoilgivarem i eremirpse rep elorap el on
adnemert azrof ehC !òic edeissop aznetop asoilgivarem ehC
.és noc atrop
-ruf led asrom elibirret allad idapuarD esrof itsarebil noN“
,olletarf oigavlam led inidro ilg odneugesE ?nasashuD etnaf
aelbmessa narg allen ònicsart al ilge ,anahdoyruD etnagorra’l
 861
id igganosrep e ,irtsinim ,ipicnirp ,iore itnenime id atimerg
id ovitatnet osoutnuserp e osongogrev nu ecef e ,orbilac leuq
e azzetnorp noc atitsevir iah’l emoC !hA .ititsev i elrevoumir
e atla ecov a etnemasoteip avatnemal is iel ertnem ,azzertsed
etnatsonoN !occE !otanoizidnocni odom ni eT a avednerra is
otarellecs olleuq id izrofs ilg ,alrailgops rep innaffa ilg ittut
-ogrev e azzetassops airporp e arev reP .osseccus orebbe non
.assab atset a aelbmessa’l eranodnabba ettevod ,ang
li erediccu rep ottut id ecef ,aus etrap ad ,upisakaynariH“
art otatteg uf ,onelev otaniporp uf elauq la ,adalharP oilgif
a otattub ,ocouf len ossem ,itnepres imissisonelev e imrone
ion art ihC ?otatlusir elauq noc am ,eragoffa olraf rep eram
-fe’lla eizarG ?upisakaynariH id elanif onitsed li ecsonoc non
eratroppos étop adalharP ednarg li ,odrocir ouT led aicacif
aminim al aznes ,iul id ortnoc etarteprep àticorta etseuq ettut
.aznereffos
,atserof aiggavles alled ozzem len isodnavort ,atlov anU“
arelloc allad otavlas eresse rep ,eT id òdrocir is arihtsihduY
etnemataidemmI .otiuges ogral ous led e asavruD oiggas led
-iresim auT alla eizarg avadnaP i itsavlas e ìl itsatsefinam iT
i ittut otamafs itserva ehc arihtsihduY itsarucissa uT .aidroc
-ategev id oilgusamir nu odnednerP .asavruD opac a noc ihsir
etnematelpmoc itsaraihcid iT ,atilupir alotnep allad edrev el
-dos ies uT odnauq ottafsiddos è otoved out li emocciS .oizas
li rep emuif len onare ehc ihsir i etnemataidemmi ,ottafsid
.ellepaperc a otaignam oresseva es emoc izas onoritnes is ongab
li onoraicsal isse ,obic rednerp id odarg ni ùip odnesse noN
nu noc ,eredneffo id raihcsir non rep allehcitehc alla otsop
-ebil uT ìsoc ehc ,illetarf itnessop ious i e arihtsihduY ,otuifir
-af allad itipso ilgeuq erafsiddos retop non id eromit lad itsar
.ari elic
!itteffe ivitidrolabs ilg e eirolg euT el onos iloveremunnI“
odotem li è omref eroma nu noc etnemetnatsoc iTradrociR
961 pivdavaN a sadiraH

-arem ad è’c noN .ittut a elibissecca è de ,otavele ùip osoigiler

ellad ittut amider uT ipmetassap irav iouT i noc ehc israilgiv
.odnom led eznereffos
etnaripsi artla’nu è ,itassap ipmet ien ,limajA id airots aL“
-uvoD .odrocir ouT led airolg alla ammos is ehc enoizartsulli
eus el ònodnabba limajA ,eznatsocric etanutrofs enucla da ot
-eva non ilgE .erotaccep narg nu òtnevid e esoutriv inoizidart
nu izna are ;otiderc ous a asoutriv àtivitta anucla ùip av
-om imitlu ilgeN .esonimaccep àtivitta el ettut id olocattecir
-avirra etrom alled ireggassem isoruap i odnauq ,ativ id itnem
-len alratrop e elairetam oproc lad amina’l erapparts rep onor
-fa e omitlu ous led emon li òicnunorp ilge ,onrefni odnerro’l
oploc id òibmac anecs aretni’L .”anayaraN“ :oilgif otanoizef
.etrom allad otavlas uf ilge odrocir ouT led aicaciffe’lla eizarg e
erutuf eticsan elled e aticsan alleuq id eznereffos eus el ettuT
.onoranimret
-tuT .enoiza auT atseuq ni etnednerpros id etnein è’c noN“
led oroset ednarg li eredessop a itacifilauq onos itoved i it
-fe isoilgivarem itseuq ittut acsonoc etnatsonoN .odrocir ouT
ad elovegerps e otanutrofs ìsoc onos oi ,odrocir ouT led ittef
oim ,aM .azzehccir narg atseuq id ovirp etnematelpmoc resse
odnaredisnoc noN .aidrociresim id onaeco nu ies uT !erongiS
-ifingisni’tseuq erattecca ad oloveneb ìsoc ies ,ittefid ieim i
-aiggerapmi auT alled arutan arev al è atseuQ .erotivres etnac
-tepsa ingo ottos ongedni ais en oi otnauq rep ,àtiminangam elib
”.ideip iouT ia erropottos ad areihgerp elimu’nu olos iervA .ot
namirS ,eralrap id ranimret essetop ehc arocna amirP
rep elibissop li ottaf ebberva ehc òrucissar ol uhbarpahaM
-mi are uhbarpahaM namirS .ereihgerp eus el ettut erafsiddos
-oizoved id inoisserpse el eratlocsa’d ottafsiddos etnemasnem
àig are de ,odrocir ouS led airolg allus ,sadiraH id etrap ad ,en
.inoizideneb etairporppa elled ilgrirefnoc id osoredised
otanutrofs onu onos oI !erongiS oiM“ :òunitnoc sadiraH
 071
-leuq emoc È .ednarg opport è atseihcir aim al am ,elibaresim
-eneb eresse assop oi ehC .anul alla aripsa ehc onan nu id al
,oproc li noc onovres iT ehc oroloc id iznava ircas i noc otted
-sop òic ,aticsan aim ingo ni ehC .amina’l e etnem al ,erouc li
-attecca id aedi’l ehC .enoizoved aim alled otteggo’l eresse as
.enoigiler aim al ,erevod oim li eresse assop iznava itseuq er
-islauq nu erenetto id o ,enoizarebil id oiredised nucla oh noN
rep ehcna ,etnem aim al ehc raicsal non aM .otatlusir ortla isa
-erp atteddus aim allad eraived assop ,opmet id enoizarf anu
irotivres iouT i ittut id iznava ircas i ereva retop ,èoic ,areihg
.itirovaf
-rocir ouT led avirp ,asonimaccep ativ aim atseuq ehc ’aF“
.itoved iniuneg iouT ied iznava ircas iad atacifitnas ais ,od
atavele ùip enoizisop è’c non idnom id oremun otinifni’lleN
onos oI .irotivres iouT ied erotivres li eratnevid id alleuq ehc
-ce ùip enoizisop al rep otagerp oh òicrep ,osoizibma otlom
emilbus ìsoc enoizisop anu È .otirem non àtlaer ni ehc ,aslec
anu è aim al esroF .asse da onaripsa aved idnarg i onisrep ehc
-egnuiggar id àtienodini aim alla otuvod ,avisneffo areihgerp
-ina elled erotavlaS !erongiS hO .otneminetto otla ìsoc nu er
eracitnemid e eranodrep len àteip ibba ,ogerp iT !etudac em
,elovetiremmi e etnarongi erotivres otseuq id eseffo el ettut
-ama oilgif hO .etnemetneicsocni o etnemetneicsoc essemmoc
immaf ,erovaf otseuq imidecnoC !erongiS oim hO !icaS id ot
”.itoved iouT ied esac ellen imineit e enac nu eratnevid
-erp atseuq ad ossom e otanoisserpmi otlom uf aynatiaC irS
:essid e ,àtlimu elibaiggerapmi’d areihg
-oig nu ies uT !sadiraH orac oiM ,iMatlocsa ,iMatlocsA“
ehcna aingapmoc aut ni erats otutop ah ihC .otoved id ollei
ehcna otasrevnoc iah elauq li noc iuloc o ,onroig olos nu rep
-bud nucla aznes ,eM àrretto ,otnemom nu id enoizarf anu rep
opmetnoc la attepsir ,et ittepsir euqnuihC .ottemorp ol eT .oib
id osoilgogro onoS .oproc out len erpmes ognamrep oI .eM
171 pivdavaN a sadiraH

erinev a opmet li ottut reP .arpmet aut alled erotivres nu ereva

-issa iT .eroma’d oneip erouc out len otanoigirpmi iah iM ut
-nesE .aseffo id opit nussen id itrapuccoerp ived non ehc oruc
ut ,itoved ieiM i osrev o eM id osrev aseffo isaislauq ad otat
”.ilanoizoved ehcitarp eut el itnava eratrop id orebil ies
-aip narg noc atsiv uf sadiraH da atirefnoc enoizideneb aL
?sadiraH id anutrof al eratulav òup ihC .itoved irtla ilgad erec
én ,ailgimaf anoub anu ni aticsan al én ,atavele atsac al éN
-rone id ossessop li onemmen e ilibon àtivitta id enoizucese’l
-ongiS li eregnuiggar a anosrep anu eratuia òup ezzehccir im
rep otiteppa etnapmavva nu ,etnedra oiredised nu olos È .er
da etnesnoc ehc oniviD eromA’lled azzehccir elibiruaseni’l
.anhsirK irS a ossecca ereva id anosrep anu
-ed alled aznesse’llen otrossa eresse da enidutitta’l eS“
,etrap ehclauq ad erenetto òup is anhsirK irS a enoizov
olos è ozzerp ous li éhcreP .otsoc ingo da alatsiuqca arolla
erenetto òup is non ehc asoc ,alreva id enoissap atadoms al
”. eticsan id inoilim rep etiugese eip àtivitta ellad onemmen
.41 ilavaydaP
àtinav ellad etilgogroni onos ehc enosrep eL !anhsirK hO“
onos ,acisif aizarg e enoizidure ,àtirepsorp ,oiggangil otla nu id
iouT i rep olos elibissop è òiC .emon ouT li eratnac a ettadani
anussen noc iam onacifitnedi’s non ehc itoved irecnis
.62.8.1 .hB.S ”.anadnom enoizisiuqca
id etnein omaibba non ioN !elittos ativ allad aniger hO“
-apmacca non ehc enosrep ellad itama erpmes omais e ortson
-eg ni ,ehccir enosrep el otnatreP .àteirporp anussen és rep on
.41.06.01 .hB.S ”.oizivres nucla iam onodner IM non ,eren
oifnort è non onuclauq es ,anamu ativ atseuq id osroc leN“
,inoiza el rep ,elibon eprits anu ni aticsan al rep oilgogro’d
al ,enoizisop al ,arutluc al ,acisif azzelleb etneartta’l ,àte’l
alla otuvod è òic ,inoizacifilauq ilovedol ertla de azzehccir
.62.22.8 .hB.S ”.aizarg aiM
 271
nu id elatan enoizidnoc alled israpuccoerp etnavelirri È
-epus è ilgE .aticsan adnerp ilge ailgimaf isaislauq ni ,otoved
,etnemamref onaraihcid ol artsahs ilG .inoizatimil ilat a eroir
.enoizecce alognis anu aznes
,emon ouT li odnaicnunorp e odnatlocsA !navagahB hO“
nu ehcna ,eT id isodnadrocir onifrep o ,eT a isodnanihcni
-ifircas nu eriugese da otacifilauq atnevid inac id erotaignam
ehc ,)azneserp( anasrad ouT lad otirovaf è ihc reP .amoS oic
-itteibo ous li eregnuiggar id ,euqnud ,eresse òup ic oibbud
.6.33.3 .hB.S ”.ov
-ircsed onassop ehc elorap onos ic noN !ailgivarem ehC“
li atnac ehc anosrep anu id aznatropmi’l etnemataugeda erev
li augnil aus alled atnup allen es ehcnA .erongiS led emon
essattart is es ehcna e atlov alos anu osrappa essof emon ouT
rep enoizarenev id otteggo è ilge ,inac id erotaignam nu id
-erp eticsan ellen ,emon ouT li onaicnunorp ehc oroloC .ittut
i ittut - anamharb ied irporp itir i ittut otiugese onnah itnedec
ied oiduts ,ircas imuif ien ongab ,icifircas ,aznetinep id ipit
-attefrep itavresso ilodneva e - attodnoc atsuig id eloger ,adeV
led otnac la osrocir ottaf onnah aticsan atseuq ni aro ,etnem
.7.33.3 .hB.S ”.emon ouT
-reffa’llen etnednerpros id etnein è’c noN !navagahB hO“
ious i ittut ad àtinamu’l arebil anasrad ouT li ehc enoizam
,emon ouT li atlov alos anu ehcna odnatlocsa odnauq ,itaccep
”.àtinadnom alled ùtivaihcs allad otarebil è aladnac nu onisrep
.44.61.6 .hB.S
,itnas i ittut art otama ùip li e emina el ettut id amina’l ,oI“
ad atan enoizoved arecnis allad etnemalos elibignuiggar onos
acifirup eM rep enoizoved elibivomerri anU .amref edef anu
.12.41.11 .hB.S ”.aticsan assab orol allad aladnac i onisrep
-cir - ,inoizacifilauq eirav el ettut ehc otneS !erongiS hO“
-es ,acisif azzelleb ,elibon eprits anu da aznenetrappa ,azzehc
-nes id inagro ilged azneiciffe ,enoizidure atsav ,àtiretsua erev
371 pivdavaN a sadiraH

-negilletni aviv ,azzedorp ,acisif azrof ,àtiralopop ,otabilec ,os

-arp al onisrep o - inretni de inretse inagro ilged ollortnoc ,az
itnetepmocni ottut led onos ,agoy olled ipicnirp otto ilged acit
.9.9.7 .hB.S ”.omerpuS erongiS la enoizafsiddos rad a
,upisakaynariH enomed led oilgif emoc otan è adalharP
e ,enamu-bus àtitne ,eimmics el art aticsan oserp ah namunaH
-ir onos ibmartne am ,atazzilivic anamu àteicos anu ni non
otan ,sadiraH ehcna etnemlimiS .itoved idnarg emoc itatteps
id elibon eresse aznes ,anamlusum àtinumoc elamron anu ni
enoizaroda assets al euqnumoc atirem ,anamharb o aticsan
ni ,iraH irS id emon otnas li otaciderp ah ilgE .ittut id etrap ad
noc ,itsop itlom ni otamref è is ,alagneB led itrap itnereffid
-oisserpmi adnoforp anu ottutreppad otaicsal ah e ,itoved irav
.iggo arocna eratnemireps òup is azneulfni iuc al ,en
uhbarpahaM aynatiaC irS ,asaynnas id enidro’l otatteccA
id asac a onroig ehclauq rep òmref is e rupitnaS a òcer is
reva e itoved i noc otatlusnoc isresse opoD .ayracA atiavdA
id esiced enif alla ,ivedicaS ,erdam alled ossemrep li otuva
.iruP ahtannagaJ a ativ auS alled otser li rep isrilibats
-nep irav ertnem ,etnemarama esnaip sadiraH aiziton allA
iul rep itsirt inroig avapicitnA .atset al rep onavassap ilg ireis
en ehC .alacaliN rep odnetrap iats uT” :etnemasoteip essid e
?àl eradna oi ossop emoC ?erotivres otanutrofs otseuq id àras
etnematelpmoc àras emafni’tseuQ .otsop leuq id ongedni onoS
-os àrtop emoc ,iTredev ùip azneS .anasrad ouT led otavirp
”?erotaccep otseuq erevivvarp
!sadiraH“ .elorap iclod noc òlosnoc ol uhbarpahaM namirS
iouP .etnemadnoforp accot iM àtlimu elibarapmocni aut aL
onoS .aut etrap ad ahtannagaJ irS òrehcilppus ehc otrec rats
iMregnuiggar iartop ut e àrirovaf iM ahtannagaJ irS ehc orucis
”.otlom non art
idom e ilpmet id ottaf ni etnetepmoc etnemaneip are sadiraH
-aicsal id uhbarpahaM namirS id enoisiced aL .enoizaroda id
 471
non itoved I .aruap narg anu iul ni otaerc aveva ,pivdavaN er
-noc non ,artsahs ilgad itilibats itnemaloger e eloger onopmor
is non ehc onem a ,ilaicos eznasu el eruppen onatset
..enoizoved alled oreitnes lus onagnopparf
-met led aera’llen erartne ossemrep are non ùdni-non iA
eredeisir id osiced esseva uhbarpahaM aynatiaC irS eS .oip
.enif al atats ebberas iul rep ,oipmet led aera’lled onretni’lla
-ar atseuq reP .oLredevartni ùip ehcnaen otutop ebberva noN
id alleuq emoc opmet ehclauq rep uf enoizidnoc aus al enoig
.etaprat ila el noc olleccu nu id o ,auqca’d rouf ecsep nu
-ucla are’c non ehc aznecsonoc a ennev otiuges ni odnauQ
ni essedeisir atsac isaislauq id orbmem nu ehc enoizeibo an
-met led aera’llad etnatsid ocop atautis asoibbas anoz atrec anu
.ativ oreserpir eznareps eus el e otavellosir ìtnes is ,oip
-eva uhbarpahaM aynatiaC irS ehc aiziton al iop atuveciR
aus al ,arsiM isaK irS id aznediser allen isrilibats id osiced av
.itimil ebbonoc non aioig
 9 OLOTIPAC

IRUP A SADIRAH

nu noc alacaliN esnuiggar sadiraH ,opod opmet ehclauQ

ìpmeir ovirra ous led aiziton aL .alagneB led itoved id oppurg
.iul rep otteffa etrof nu avirtun ehc ,aynatiaC irS aioig id
a otrec ìggufs non ,oLravort a orennev ehc itoved i arT
are ehc otamrofnI .sadiraH id aznessa’l uhbarpahaM namirS
-edised e ,aznatsid atrec anu da adarts allus otartsorp otsamir
-emmi òivni uhbarpahaM namirS olrartnocni id are’moc osor
-rats avireferp sadiraH am ,olraticellos a onuclauq etnemataid
.etrapsid ni enes
ottut led anosrep anu ,atsac assab id onos oI ”:essid ilgE
eS .oipmet led aera’lla imranicivva id otirem noN .angedni
-raig ien etrap ehclauq ad oizaps oloccip nu ossecnoc àras im
noN .enidutilos ni olliuqnart enemrats òrtop ,itnatsocric inid
-atnoc e ahtannagaJ irS id irotivres i eraccot id eraihcsir ossop
-ireferP .erongiS la oizivres orol li ìsoc odnaiclartni ,ilranim
”.oiredised elimu oim li occe ,etrap ad enemrats ocs
-euq id otta rednerp id omissicilef are uhbarpahaM namirS
id sadiraH da essidepmi onussen enebbeS .enoisiced aus ats
uf non ilge ,orcas ogoul ortla isaislauq ni o oipmet len erartne
-rof o avitaizini airporp aus id olraf id aedi’lled erovaf a iam
ossergni elat nU .ilaicos ereirrab el odnarucsart ,etnemataz
etnemairatnolov eragen a ebberraviuqe oipmet led ilacol ien
,asoigiler enoizaroda id ogoul emoc oipmet led aznatropmi’l
 671
non òic e ,àtitnas assets aus alled enoizatsetnoc anu ebberas
.anosrep anu etnemlautirips o etnemlarom ebbereroilgim
-aticrese òup oudividni ingo evod ogoul nu è non oipmet lI
nu è noN .icirtnecce ittirid ious i o esoiccirpac einam eus el er
-nom otneminettartni’d o otnemitrevid id ,enoizibise id ogoul
inoizibma el erafsiddos rep otsop nu ehcnaen è noN .onad
id ogoul nu erpmes enamiR .inimou ilged ehcitilop o ilaicos
-ips otnemaznava’lla etnemalos evres ehc asoigiler enoizaroda
-rep id aiailgim e aiailgim evod ogoul nu ,àtinamu’lled elautir
.elautirips enoizaripsi onodnerp enos
-simottos arev noc eranicivva eved is ic otnas ogoul elat A
ilgen edef e erongiS li rep elaiznerever eromit a atinu ,enois
al rep non e ,eraroda o eragerp id otnetni’l noc ,inivid itteggo
-alcer rep o itnelobrut ilairetam isnes irporp ied enoizafsiddos
.elaicos ottirid ehclauq nu eram
is iv ehc oroloc a olos ossemrep è oipmet la ossergni’L
-met la ossergni’l erazroF .asoigiler enoizaroda’l rep onacer
oroloc a itnegnat odnerffo ais atatnup attenoiab al noc ais ,oip
onisrep o attodnoc allen e ipicnirp ien itanimulli onos non ehc
aera’llen erenet eved is ehc otairporppa otnematropmoc len
.assets enoizutitsi’l ortnoc enimirc evarg nu è ,oipmet led
-met led aznatropmi’l etnematelpmoc onarongi ehc oroloC
,enoizaroda’lled otteggO’lled arutan arev al e àtitnas al ,oip
.itartne icresse opod ehcnaen oicifeneb nucla onovecir non
-nematazrof erartne id onacrec odom ehclauq ni ehc irdal I
ehc erpmes ,esoigiler enosrep onatnevid non oipmet len et
.erongiS led elaiceps aidrociresim allad itirovaf onais non
ottaf onnah oipmet led ehc ,itageipmi irav i etnemlimiS
-ongi’d oidats ossets olla onognamir ,aznediser orol al ehcna
id onatnevid non enosrep el oipmet len erartne rep oloS .aznar
.oiD azzilaer is én ,arutluc narg id o etudev ehgral
oiggas li ecid ”,oiD ad onatnol ùip ,aseihc alla oniciv ùiP“
.oibrevorp
771 iruP a sadiraH

-met led enoizisop etnaripsi’llen onoderc ehc oroloc reP

arcas al ,acra’l evod àtitnas ednarg id ogoul nu è osse ,oip
-as aL .artsahs ilgad itilibats ilautir noc ataroda è ,enigammi
nu è non oipmet len ataroda eneiv ehc ,acra o ,enigammi arc
nu id osoisatnaf ollevrec lad atangesid airetam alled ottodorp
-etac assets alled oiranidro erotlucs onu ad atiplocs o elatrom
,ollatem id ,ongel id ,arteip id ozzep enumoc nu è noN .airog
otseuq id ativ aznes otteggo ortla isaislauq nu o omram id
-am anu è ahargiv acra’L .onasnep ion id itlom emoc odnom
.elatrom onaip otseuq ni erongiS led elibisiv enoizatsefin
anivid arutan al onartsulli ehc ipmese id aianitnec onos iC
onnah esse ehc àtivitta esoilgivarem el e inigammi ercas elled
is eS .itoved itnereffid a enoizaler ni ihgoul isrevid ni otlovs
-ucis resse òup is ilpmet itrec id airots al etnemetneizap aiduts
e itsocsan iterges ied enoizalevir asoilgivarem anu ereva id ir
ic non ,ihgoul itlom nI .inigammi ercas etseuq id eirolg elled
rocna oretsim narg nu è òicrep e enigiro orol alled eccart onos
.iralocitrap eznatsocric ni etatsefinam onos is essE .iggo
-aiappa elairetam etnematelpmoc enoisiv anu da enebbeS
al onalevir esse ,ativ id evirp e ilibommi inigammi emoc on
ied elautirips e arup ,eloveroma enoisiv alla arutan arev orol
-apmoc orol ni onovoum is ,orol noc onalrap essE .itoved irev
onnaf e ,etreffo el e iloveroma izivres orol i onattecca ,aing
.etseihcir eunitnoc orol
-ort ol e sadiraH a ortnocni iuL òdna uhbarpahaM namirS
rep eroma’d etnaccobart ,natrik elausu ous len otangepmi òv
.anhsirK irS
uhbarpahaM namirS .ideip iouS ia otibus òtteg is sadiraH
-bes ,olraiccarbba rep eserp ol aioig atinifni noc e òvellos ol
non id odnacrec ,àtlimu acitsirettarac aus alled aiv rep eneb
non ,ogerp iT !erongiS oim hO“ :essetepir iul ,eraccot israf
”.iresse ilg art omifni’l ,elibaccotni’tseuq eruppen eraroifs
-al ertnem ,elautirips otnemipar len isrep onare ibmartnE
 871

.ihcco orol iad onaviulf elibaffeni aioig id emirc

rep occot iT“ :onot a esopsir ilg uhbarpahaM namirS
ehc irtla ilg eracifirup id eretop li oh non éhcrep ,iMracifirup
e ircas imuif i ittut ni igremmi’t otnemom ingo ehc uT .ut iah
iatS .àtirac el e eznetinep el ,icifircas i ittut odneugese iats
anamharb itteddisoc ied orup ùip ies ,adeV i odnaiduts erpmes
”.ittut irepus il e isaynnas e
-ircsed onassop ehc elorap onos ic noN !ailgivarem ehC“
li atnac ehc anosrep anu id aznatropmi’l etnemataugeda erev
li augnil aus alled atnup allen es ehcnA .erongiS led emon
essattart is es ehcna e atlov alos anu osrappa essof emon ouT
rep enoizarenev id otteggo è ilge ,inac id erotaignam nu id
-erp eticsan ellen ,emon ouT li onaicnunorp ehc oroloC .ittut
i ittut - anamharb ied irporp itir i ittut otiugese onnah itnedec
ied oiduts ,ircas imuif ien ongab ,icifircas ,aznetinep id ipit
-attefrep itavresso ilodneva e - attodnoc atsuig id eloger ,adeV
led otnac la osrocir ottaf onnah aticsan atseuq ni aro ,etnem
.7.33.3 .hb.S ”.emon ouT
-raig nu ni essudnoc ol uhbarpahaM namirS odnecid ìsoC
-atilos ogoul nu aznediser rep ìrffo ilg e eznaniciv ellen onid
.ilgotavresir etnematacificeps iuL ad oir
ehcitarp eut el itnava atrop e iuq odomoc ititteM”
-ihcnI .inroig i ittut itravort a òrreV .otabrutsidni ilanoizoved
-op otseuq ad ahtannagaJ erongiS led oipmet led ocsid la itan
ingo iuq ereva itraf rep itnemaignarra irassecen i oI òraF .ots
i r S a o t r e ff o o b i c l e d e n o i z r o p e t n e i c i f f u s a n u o n r o i g
”.adasarp-aham li ,ahtannagaJ
.arettel alla inoizurtsi el ettut ireitnelov neb ìugese sadiraH
a sadiraH òtivni uhbarpahaM namirS enoisacco artla’nu nI
-ni ,itoved irtla ilged aingapmoc ni adasarp-aham li erednerp
enoizanracni’l are ehc ,iul aM .etneserp essof ehc odnetsis
.onatnol neb erenamir ìreferp ,àtlimu’lled etneviv
rep elibimirpseni aioig anu avavorp uhbarpahaM namirS
971 iruP a sadiraH

-ac anu ni aveviv :sadiraH avanroda ehc àtlimu’d osnes otla’l

.natrik aman li etnemacificap aviugese de airatilos annap
iroif id onidraig led onretni’lla ,ogoul eralocitrap otseuQ
nU .lukaB ahddiS id emon li noc otuicsonoc è ,arsiM isaK id
-lauq a onif are ,ovac ùip ol rep otsuf lad ,lukab orebla ocitna
.eredev arocna avetop is ehc orcas oznava olos li af onna ehc
-nemmi’l ebbe ,amirp opmet otlom ad ìl are ehc ,orebla’lleuQ
.otnas ednarg la oigufir e arbmo erirffo id anutrof as
id avative sadiraH ,aznediser aus allad eratsops isodnevoD
-nedicca eraccot id eromit rep ,ilapicnirp edarts el otisoporp
-rutsid ,ahtannagaJ irS id ,etodrecas ,irajup ehclauq etnemlat
.enoizaroda’l ,ajup led enoizucese’llen ìsoc olodnab
id icauges i ittut art etnenimorp ùip li ,imavsoG apuR irS
-iv esamir ahtannagaJ irS òtisiv odnauq ,uhbarpahaM namirS
olletarf ,imavsoG anatanaS irS .sadiraH id annapac alla onic
-imorp éhcnon atkahb itnalez ùip ied onu e apuR id eroiggam
is iruP a atisiv aus al etnarud ,anavadnirV id imavsoG etnen
-locsa id anutrof anoub al ìsoc ebbe elauq li ,sadiraH ad òmref
-lanosrep avad ilg uhbarpahaM namirS ehc inoizurtsi el erat
a ocseir non ,anatanaS oraC“ :essid sadiraH onroig nU .etnem
-utrof asnemmi aut al erevircsed rep etaugeda elorap eravort
-orp auS id oproc out li otaraihcid ah uhbarpahaM namirS .an
-tertla otoved è’c non àtirev nI !anutrof elibaidivni ehC .àteirp
non uhbarpahaM namirS ehc inoiznuf elleuQ .otanutrof otnat
-ese eresse rep ,et a etadiffa etats onos eriugese da oticsuir è
,anavadnirV arcas allen ùip id rep e otairporppa odom ni etiug
-ovaf ogoul li de oigganirgellep id ihgoul i ittut art ammeg al
noC ”.itnemitrevid iouS i rep anhsirK irS otama ortson lad otir
otanutrofs oproc oim otseuQ“ :òunitnoc sadiraH àtlimu attut
len olrazzilitu otutop oh noN .otisoporp nussen a otivres è non
otrofnocs elatot id asuac È .erongiS otama ortson led oizivres
-atarahB id arret arcas allen anamu amrof oserp odneva ehc
-moc otats ais onamu oproc osoizerp otseuq id onod li ,ahsrav
 081
”.otacerps etnematelp
:essid imavsoG anatanaS ,sadiraH id edol al eritnes leN
namirS id icauges i art ertsulli de otanutrof ùip li ies uT“
.et noc otnorfnoc li agger ehc onu ovort en noN .uhbarpahaM
-ocs ol ah odnom otseuq ni uhbarpahaM namirS id otnevva’L
onivid led eirolg el erednoffid azneugesnoc id e eratsug id op
ingO .et id osrevartta amaN led eirolg el osuffid ah ilgE .emon
elled ilrap e erongiS led imon alimotnecert itepir ut onroig
-99.4 alil-aytnA .c.C( .ittut a itnavad emon onivid led eirolg
aciderp id ,anosrep assets allen ,enoisuf asoinomra’nU .)101
eN .itnemignuiggar ied orar ùip li è enoigiler alled acitarp e
,artsahs ilged itnemangesni itrec onacitarp ehc inucla omaidev
-alrap ehc irtla ehcna omaitoN .eraciderp lad onognetsa is am
iop am ,oploc af ehc oiggaugnil nu ni ,artsahs ilged otlom on
orev nU .ativ orol allen etnein isauq acitarp ni onottem non
itnemangesni ilg ittut acitarp ni ettem ehc iuloc è erotaciderp
-esni ehc onu ,ayraca nu è ilgE .ativ aus allen eruttircs elled
enoigiler al eraciderp a ottada è iul oloS .oipmese’l noc ang
aviv anu ies uT .esoc el ebmartne odev oi et nI .ocilbbup ni
itneserp aciderp alled e acitarp alled enoisserpse adiviv e
otnemangesni’l ies uT .anosrep alognis anu ni ibmartne
ùip al itirem uT .ittut id ortseam li etnemarev ieS .etneviv
”.oretni odnom led etrap ad enoizarenev atla
àtilauq ilanoizecce el ecul ni ìsoc esim imavsoG anatanaS
.emon otnas led ayraca ednarg li ,sadiraH id
irS ,oretni odnom led oicifeneb rep ,onroig ortla nU
anatanaS a enomres etnaripsi nu ennet uhbarpahaM aynatiaC
:essid ilgE .sadiraH e imavsoG
-euq ni otoved nu da ottepsir id eracnam àtidiputs arup È“
e ,aticsan ,elaicos enoizidnoc aus allus isodnasab odnom ots
-leb alled ,acisif etulas alled otnoc odnenet onisrep o ,aiv ìsoc
-attefrep è avansiaV orev nu id oproc lI .otiuges id aiv e azzel
led aznatsos anu id è noN .arutan rep elatnednecsart etnem
181 iruP a sadiraH

-rete ilatnednecsart itneidergni’d ottaf è ossE .elairetam odnom

orol rep ,avij eL .enidutitaeb anrete de anrete aznegilletni ,in
orol al È .erongiS led icirtivres enrete el onos ,arutan arev
onu ,oirtibra orebil led osuba’l e erongiS li osrev enoisrevva
emina el anoigirpmi ehc ,orol ottaf otats è ehc onod elaiceps
otseuq ni onisreP .elairetam odnom otseuq ni iproc irav ien
ic non erongiS osoidrociresim ortson li ,aznacitnemid id otats
atuia ic e enoizavele artson al rep aroval ilgE .iam anodnabba
erirffo id odarg ni edner iC .ilautirips itirem eralumucca da
itaicossa iouS ia ,elovepasnocni odom ni es ehcna ,oizivres
ottatnoc nu erilibats a eradna ognul a atrop ic ehc li ,itirovaf
-ongiS led oizivres la erpmes onos ehc ilautirips irtseam i noc
otseuq ottos oinicorit ous li af atanutrof amina’L .omerpuS er
odnom len enoizisop aus al ìsoc ednerpmoC .ortseam id opit
ittut noc e omerpuS erongiS li noc enoizaler aus al e elairetam
aus alled otnoc edner iS .itaminani de itamina ,itteggo irtla ilg
emoc erednecs attaf ah’l ehc aillof alled e enoizisop atarepsid
etnes etnemaenatlumiS .onalossorg oproc otseuq ni areinoigirp
-tecerp ous la otanoizidnocni odom ni isrednerra id aznegru’l
-irips acitarp alla aizini’l erottecerp li e af ol ;elautirips erot
ireisnep ni asremmi ,amirp id anosrep al ùip è non arO .elaut
,atazzilautirips etnemattefrep anosrep anu eneivid :ilairetam
isnes i e oproc lI .anadnom enoizefrepmi isaislauq ad arebil
-azzilitu ad ,elatnednecsart onger led otteggo’l itatnevid onos
-necsart atsimihcla’l ,anhsirK irS a oizivres ovisulcse’llen er
-mi e elatrom odnom otseuq id itteggo ùip onos noN .elatned
oizivres len àtinrete’l rep atangepmi è avij atseuQ .ottefrep
àtivitta ehcificeps ellen ,anhsirK irS a elatnednecsart
-irips erottecerp lad etangessa etats onos el ehc ilanoizoved
,omerpuS erongiS led etnatneserppar etnatropmi ùip li ,elaut
ehc elibarapmocni enidutitaeb id ennerep ossulf li edog e
”.onrete oizivres elat ad aname
,uhbarpahaM namirS id elanosrep erotivres li ,adnivoG
 281
id adasarp-aham li aioig narg noc etnemanaiditouq avatrop
.sadiraH da ahtannagaJ irS
asoc ,osetsid arocna òvort ol ,aserpros aus noc ,onroig nU
-sab a emon otnas li avatnac ehc ,ataznava aro’l atad arar neb
.etnematnel otlom ,ecov as
”.adasarp out li idnerp e itazla etnemlitneG“ :essid adnivoG
-irtla ,onroig leuq otanuigid ebberva ehc esopsir sadiraH
elautiba aus al enimret a eratrop a oticsuir ebberas non itnem
erarucsart òrep avetop non opmet ossets ollA .amaN id atouq
òrono ol e iggamo ilg ecef ilg ,òzla is ìsoC .adasarp-aham li
.àtitnauq aloccip anu enodnednerp
sadiraH ,ataznava àte ni onifrep ,eralpmese ativ aus al noC
ehc elautirips attodnoc allus enoisserpmi adnoforp anu òicsal
augese ilge ehc elaiznesse È .eriuges eved akahdas orecnis nu
-emun nu odnenetnam emon otnas led otnac led acitarp aus al
eracifircas odnevod ehcna ,aznatsocric ingo ni ,eraloger or
rinev azneS .enaiditouq àtissecen ertla e onnos ,osopir ,obic
la onif emon onivid li eraidomlas eved ,onem iam
etrap anu enraicsaL .areilanroig atouq aus alled otnematelpmoc
etnematelpmoc è ,artla’l o asucs anu noc ,opod onroig li rep
ilibairav iremun ied odnassif ,iralogerri etouq elleD .otibiorp
.erative ad è otseuq ehcna ,etad itnereffid rep
-ottecerp otairporppa’llad aman li erevecir id otnemom lA
ad ominim oremun li otted eneiv olopecsid la ,elautirips er
-oizeles id atlecs al ah non olopecsid lI .onroig ingo eretepir
-terts al oloS .azneinevnoc aus alla odrocca ni oremun nu eran
anu iul ni àreilgevsir ,eraloger enoizitepir elat id aznavresso at
-accatta nucla reva azneS .emon onivid la enoizided atulosir
non itnaripsa ilg ,otnac ous led ossecorp la e amaN la otnem
otnas led aidrociresim al rep itacifilauq eratnevid onossop
.emon
narg ouS nu id aicnunir arecnis alled aiziton alla ,atlov anU
otuicaipmoc odomertlo uf uhbarpahaM aynatiaC irS ,otoved
381 iruP a sadiraH

-amu’lled enoizacifide rep ,inoizavresso itneuges el esserpse de

:atudac àtin
,itteffa ilga ,odnom la otaicnunir onnah ehc enosrep eL“
erangepmi onoved is ,etirovaf inoizaler orol ella e asac alla
-eihc isrenetnam onoveD .emon otnas led etnatsoc otnac len
-nom enosrep ertla ad onodnepid ehc illeuQ .enisomele odned
orol ien onnarillaf etnemarucis ,otneminetnam orol li rep enad
orol li eregnuiggar len osseccus onnah noN .ilautirips izrofs
.arongi iL .iam ecsirovaf il non anhsirK irS ehcnA .ovitteibo
i erafsiddos rep eraf ad otnat onnad is ehc itnacidnem ieuQ
lad atudac eloverolped anu onnaribus ,augnil alled itsug irav
elled ivaihcs eratnevid rep ,elautirips dradnats otavele orol
,amaN li etnemetnatsoc odnatnaC .otalap led ezneulfni evittac
noc arucorp is ic non ehc obic id isrirtun eved otaicnunir li
ellad itnipS‘ .aiv ìsoc e ,ilategev ,icidar ,atturf emoc ,azneloiv
onorrocnir ehc itnaicnunir ieuq ,augnil alled inoizatnet eipme
-ognuiggar non issE .isolog ied olos onos ,otalap led eiziled el
”.)722.6 alil-aytnA .c.C( ’.anhsirK irS on
-ingisni àtitnauq anu ellaps ella onnah ehc oroloC !er hO“
len ,adnivoG irS ni edef onnah non ,esoutriv àtivitta id etnacif
”.itoved iouS ien e adasarp-aham ouS len ,onivid emon ouS
.anaruP amdaP
otoved ouS lad eradna da òdrat non uhbarpahaM namirS
”?sadiraH ,itnes it emoC“ :anosrep id isramrofni rep otirovaf
am ,eneb ots etnemacisiF !erongiS oiM“ :esopsir sadiraH
”.elobed otsottuip otnes im etnemlauttelletni e etnemlatnem
?amelborp out li ebberas elauQ“ :ettetsisni uhbarpahaM
”.azzehcnarf noc alraP
id atouq aim al eratelpmoc id odarg ni onos noN“ :sadiraH
”.imon itnas
-reP .aro onaizna aznatsabba ieS !sadiraH“ :uhbarpahaM
-zilaer amina’nu ies uT ?amaN id atouq aut al icudir non éhc
-eilanroig atouq aut al eratelpmoc relov a itsisni éhcreP .ataz
 481

-ug iaH .odnom li eremider rep osrappa ieS ?imon itnas id ar

al osuffid ehcna iaH .amaN led azzeclod al aznatsabba otats
atouq aut al icudir arO .odnom len emon onivid led airolg
”.natriknas iugese de ,imon itnas id areilanroig
-euq id atseihcir elimu’l atlocsa ,ogerp iT“ :essid sadiraH
-anidro etneg al art aticsan oserp oh oI .erotivres ongedni ots
-acerps oH .elibarusnec otlom oproc nu noc imodnavortir ,air
-ilefni ùip enozlacsam li onos ,esoido àtivitta ni ativ aim al ot
-atelpmoc ,ereneg led anosrep anu otarebil iah uT .otudac e ec
ottefrep nu ,irtla ilgad atsiv onisrep eresse id angedni etnem
otarebil iah iM .onu uf en ec iam es elibaccotni id eralpmese
-lanni ,onrefni eroiggep led àtidnoforp ilibarusnemmi ellad
-mocni enidutitaeb alled elibaredised ùip enoiger alla imodnaz
-edised iuc li omerpuS erongiS li ies uT .ahtnukiaV :elibarap
,àtnolov auT rep onovoum is isrevinu itinifni ilG .eggel è oir
ipmoc iretop ilibipecnocni iouT ia eizarG .enidro ouT la
-roc nu imrofsart uT ,ottaf otteD .eilgivarem ilibanigammini
im asuac aznes aidrociresim auT reP .illeccu ilged er len ov
elibaccotni ,oi aizarg auT reP .idom irav ni eraznad ottaf iah
anamharb iad otaraperp obic li erarono otutop oh ,atsac rep
-met ehclauq aD .ahddars olled onroig li etnarud ,issodotro ùip
,odom lauq otrec nu nI .enoizinomerp atrec anu em ni oh op
otseuq otserp otlom iarecsal uT ehc arbmes im ,éhcrep os non
imavlas e em noc osoidrociresim iiS !erongiS oim hO .odnom
.alratroppos id odarg ni ieras noN .anecs etnaizarts atseuq ad
-noc uT ehc amirp oripser omitlu oim li eralase id imittemreP
-tep oim lus otol id ideip iouT i odnegnirtS .alil iouT i adulc
al e ,anuL al emoc osoidar otlov ouT lus issif ihcco ilg ,ot
,aynatiaC anhsirK irS ,emon ouT li aicnunorp ehc augnil
.c.C( .ativ aim al eranodnabba etnemetnedra oredised oi
-anracni ho ,em noc esetroc ìsoc ies eS .)43-33.11 alil-aytnA
-euq imredecnoc id aidrociresim al ibba ,azzelitneg id enoiz
-id adac odnommi oproc oim otseuq ehc aicsaL .erovaf ots
581 iruP a sadiraH

ognul a oiredised otseuq erafsiddos id iTicaipmoC .eT a iznan

.”erotivres etnacifingisni’tseuq ad otavitloc
,sadiraH id elorap itnaccot e etoved ,ilimu etseuq eritnes leN
-eco nu è anhsirK irS !sadiraH“ :esopsir uhbarpahaM namirS
-edised out li àrefsiddos ilgE etnematreC .aidrociresim id ona
al ereva’llen è àticilef aiM al attuT ?eM id àras en ehc am ,oir
iM ut ehc aut etrap ad otairporppa è ,òicreP .aingapmoc aut
”?adav en et e icsal
sadiraH ,uhbarpahaM namirS id atseihcir atarocca atseuq A
non ,erovaf reP !erongiS oim hO“ :ògerp e ideip i òrreffa ilG
rep otnemaccatta ùip reva non id iTatnetnoccA .erannagni im
atseuq iarefsiddos oibbud azneS .eresse etnacifingisni otseuq
,itoved itnenime ,itoved iloveremunni onos iC .areihgerp aim
è’voD .ipmetassap iouT ien iTretsissa rep iuq itneserp erpmes
esrof etrevvA ?aicsal iT em emoc emrev nu es amelborp li
uT ?acimrof anu id atidrep al ,odom ehclauq ni ,arreT erdaM
elimu nu onos oI .itoved iouT i osrev osoidrociresim erpmes ies
-dos ad osoidrociresim ìsoc iiS .otoved orev ouT nu id osselfir
”.areihgerp aim al erafsid
namirS ,sadiraH id etseihcir etutepir etseuq eritnes leN
,opod onroig li otsivir ebberva’l ehc olodnarucissa uhbarpahaM
-roigozzem id inoizulba euS el eriugese da òdna e òiccarbba’l
.eram len on
irS a iggamo ilg ottaf ereva opod etneuges ,onittam lI
-ittam la sadiraH ad òcer is uhbarpahaM namirS ,ahtannagaJ
òroda sadiraH .itoved iouS i ittut ad otangapmocca ,otserp on
.itoved irtla ilged e erongiS led ideip i
”?onos ic àtivon ehC !sadiraH ”:eseihc uhbarpahaM
”.idnamoc uT emoC !erongiS oiM“ :òcilper sadiraH
id itoved ia eseihc uhbarpahaM namirS etnemataidemmI
apuravS irS emoc ,onaip omirp id itoveD .natriknas eriugese
irS ,ayaR adnanamaR irS ,atidnaP aravserkaV irS ,aradomaD
. natriknas la onorinu is irtla e ayracattahB amuahbavraS
 681
rukahT sadiraH id eirolg el òtnac ossets uhbarpahaM namirS
.esse ni osrep etnematelpmoc òrbmes e etnenopmi odom ni
.itneserp itoved ied erouc li oressom elorap euS eL
osoidrociresim erongiS li ehc otnivnoc are sadiraH arO
id erattiforppa avevod ehc e areihgerp aus al otiduase esseva
-ised etnedra ous li erafsiddos rep àtinutroppo ednarg atseuq
oirporp iSredes id uhbarpahaM namirS a òicrep eseihC .oired
.iul a etnorf id
iouS ia ossemottos erpmes ,omerpuS erongiS li òup emoC
?rukahT sadiraH emoc otoved otirovaf ouS nu ereduled ,atkahb
-iddos id rup idnarg ùip arocna eserpmi elled ilgE ìpmoc noN
otnemaccatta ouS li etnanicsaffa è’moC ?itoved iouS i erafs
!itoved iouS i rep eroma de
rep emmaif ni atserof alled ocouf li esrof ìttoihgni noN
?isavajarV iouS ied eroma
,anujrA id ereihccoc elauq ,illavac ied inider el ennet noN
li ehc ìsertla odnaicsal ,arteskuruK id ailgattab ednarg allen
-ed eccerf iloveremunni ellad ottifart essof oproc orenet ouS
?avaruaK itnenoppo ilg
ied illeuq erafsiddos id rup itov iouS i eppur etlov etnauQ
?itoved iouS
ied ataicsabma’l ratrop a etnattulir esrof òrtsomid iS
-zalap len ereitrop li eraf a o avaruaK ipac igavlam ia avadnaP
?ilaB ajarahaM id oz
ouS la etnorf id ettedes is uhbarpahaM namirS ,ìs enebbE
uhbarpahaM namirS id otlov lus ihcco ilg òssif sadiraH .otoved
i ibmartne òrreffA .otol id eroif la onaccatta is ehc ipa emoc
al eserp ,ottep lus esim il es e uhbarpahaM namirS id ideip
,atset allus esraps al es e itoved irtla ilged ideip iad erevlop
aynatiaC anhsirK irS id emon li etnemaunitnoc odnetepir
.anul alla elimis otlov ouS led azzelleb aeratten al odneveb e
òlase ayracaman ednarg li ,arbbal el art emon otnas li noC
.oripser omitlu ous li
781 iruP a sadiraH

led alleuq adrocir ,àtnolov aus rep ,sadiraH id atitrapid aL

li òicrauqs natriknas osorogarf nU .otassap ni ,amsihB ednarg
uhbarpahaM namirS ,elautirips isatse’llad otatropsarT .oleic
sadiraH id oproc li òzlA .ollortnoc ingo etnematelpmoc esrep
-orp itneserp itoved I .elautirips otnemipar len osrep òznad e
,odnaznad ittut onavatS .enoizaripsi elibitsiserri’nu onorav
namirS id aingapmoc ni erongiS led emon li odnatnac
.atatimilli aioig id irutas ,uhbarpahaM
-is ,opmet id ’op leb nu rep natriknas otiugese reva opoD
etnemlaiceps onihcnalap nu ni sadiraH id oproc li onoramets
ozzem len ,enoissecorp narg anu da aiv li oredeid e ,otaroced
are uhbarpahaM namirS .emon otnas led otnac etnaobor nu id
.etnemaunitnoc odnaznad ,enoissecorp alla atset ni
oproc lI .eram li osrev inoizaived aznes esserid is oetroc lI
.otelpmoc rep osremmi e oserp uf sadiraH id
-id è eram otseuq iggo aD ”:òraihcid uhbarpahaM namirS
”.ahtrit nu ,oigganirgellep id ogoul ednarg nu otatnev
otaredisnoc è arukahT sadiraH id tahg li ,ittafni ,arolla aD
itunev inirgellep id aiailgiM .iruP id eram len otnas ogoul nu
-orp ongab li onroig ingo onnaf aidnI’lled itrap itnereffid ad
.ogoul leuq ni oirp
id ideip i otaval aveva ehc auqca’l eserp otoved ingO
rep atatrop oladnas id atsap id otamlaps uf oproc lI .sadiraH
elainomirec li noc ,e ahtannagaJ irS id oipmet lad enoisacco’l
-sa’llad otangapmocca arret allen otametsis uf oproc li ,otir id
al òtteg uhbarpahaM namirS .itoved ied natriknas etnadros
.olrirpocir rep aibbas id ataicnam amirp
rocna e arpos ottere otiuges ni ennev ihdamas omissilleb nU
onnav aiailgim A .iruP id itnatropmi ùip ihgoul ied onu è iggo
sadiraH id ihdamas la atisiv ni ,onna’l etnarud ,inirgellep i
-omirec eraloger anu ,inroig i ittut ,ehcna eneit is iV .rukahT
.enoizaroda’d ain
namirS ad otadiug ,itoved id oppurg li ,natrik ognul nu opoD
 881
òdna e ihdamas la onrotta etnemasottepsir òrig ,uhbarpahaM
.ahtannagaJ irS id oipmet led ollecnac li ,aravdahmis la iop
ònisomele uhbarpahaM namirS ,onnap ouS li odnednetS
non ehc erotidnevir uf ic noN .adasarp-aham li etnemlanosrep
.erad avetop ehc adasarp-aham li ottut erouc id essirffo
atad ennev e àtitnauq emrone’nu esloccar en es everb nI
li osoutnos odom ni ìvres uhbarpahaM namirS .atsef narg anu
.inam essets euS el noc adasarp-aham
ilgE ,adasarp-aham la erono ottaf orebbe ittut ehc opoD
e iroif id adnalrihg amissilleb anu atnuigga ni onungo da ìrffo
-eps inoizideneb elled erednecs odnecaf ,oladnas id atsap alled
ehc òrucissa il ilgE .enoiznuf alla itnapicetrap i ittut us ilaic
led otatlusir emoc ,anhsirK irS otnuiggar otserp orebberva
.rukahT sadiraH id anasrad
asuac aznes aidrociresim auS al osrevarttA“ :esulcnoc ioP
alled eredog retop id erovaf li ossecnoc ah iM anhsirK irS
-idni è òrep anhsirK irS id àtnolov aL .sadiraH id aingapmoc
odnauQ .aingapmoc alleuq id otavirp ah iM iggO .etnednep
ovetop emoc ,odnom otseuq eraicsal avaredised àig sadiraH
odnom li òicsal àtnolov eclod aus reP ?iuq arocna olrenettart
al are sadiraH .airomem atarenev id amsihB ednarg li emoc
è arreT al atitrapid aus al noC .odnom led asoizerp ùip ammeg
”.oroset ous led avirp atsamir
-namalcca òznad uhbarpahaM namirS elorap etseuq noC
”.sadiraH a eirolg el ettuT“ :od
:onoretepir e uhbarpahaM namirS onoriuges itoved i ittuT
-nednecsart eirolg el òmalcorp ehc sadiraH ednarg la airolG“
”.emon otnas led ilat
id areirrac eralpmese de etnaripsi ,asoirolg ùip al ,ìsoc E
-utrofs ednarg artson rep ,ayracaman elauq arukahT sadiraH
.odnom otseuq id enosrep ella elibisiv ùip è non ,an
,eresse onassop etacitsifos otnauq rep ,elorap onos ic noN
-narg otseuq id eirolg el etnemataugeda eremirpse id odarg ni
981 iruP a sadiraH

anhsirK irS id inrete itaicossa ilg art otteliderp nu ,otnas ed

.uhbarpahaM aynatiaC
-iS led inrete itaicossa ilged asrapmocs al e enoizirappa’L
al e aticsan al noc asufnoc eresse’ved non ,omerpuS erong
.ilatrom inumoc ied etrom
-naf ol ,odnom otseuq ni onoiappa ehc erongiS led itoved I
.anivid àtnolov eclod alla odrocca ni on
li è emoc ,amrak led enoizirtsoc us auq onognev non issE
aigrene anivid alled azneulfni’l ottos onos noN .osac ortson
non ayaM .iuq onavort is odnauq ehcnaen ,ayaM ,etnedulli
,erongiS ous led itoved irev ius eretop nucla eraticrese òup
-oizirappa orol al ,òicreP .ollortnoc ous li ottos onos non isse
-car orol raf a etnednet ,ayaM id arepo ni assem anu è non en
emoc ìsoC .ahdbararp ,inoiza etassap elled inoizaer el ereilgoc
.odnom otseuq ni enoiza orol anucla id ivaihcs onos non
onos es esolocirep onos non ,essets es rep id ,inoiza eL
e ,esonnad otlom onos inoiza eL .otairporppa odom ni ettaf
e eticsan etutepir id olcic otseuq id assets asuac al ehcna onos
oiredised ominim li aznes etuipmoc onos odnauq olos ,itrom
li rep onougese is odnauQ .omerpuS erongiS li erafsiddos id
.itkahb ni onamrofsart is inoiza el ,erongiS led erecaip
ol emoc ,arasmas id asuac onos non enoizoved id itta ilG
-oved li òicreP .ehcitsioge de esoigilerri inoiza el ecevni onos
la erecaip omissam li eredner rep è aznetsise assets iuc al ,ot
ni inoiza eirav eus elled elibasnopser è non ,omerpuS erongiS
enop ol ehc li ,atanoizidnocni aser anu è aus aL .odnom otseuq
.omerpuS erongiS led atterid adiug al ottos etnemlibairavni
eresse da ocinu’l ,erongiS lad etnemetnednepidni ecsiga noN
-ni otnauq rep ,enoiza aus ingO .enoizaroda aus alled otteggo
àtnolov al noc odrocca oneip ni è ,eresse assop etnacifingis
ùtivaihcs o ahdnab amrak iul rep è’c non ,elat emoC .anivid
.inoiza elled
è navagahB id otnevva’lled onroig li euges ehc àtitnas aL
 .itoved iouS ied aticsan id onroig lad atitrapmoc
,anasraknaS ,ahddurinA ,anmuydarP emoc oirporP
li onangapmocca ,aiv ìsoc e ,anhgurtaS ,atarahB ,anamskaL
-na ìsoc ,odnom otseuq ni itsefinam is ilgE euqnuvo erongiS
-iS led oiredised la odrocca ni aticsan onodnerp itoved i ehc
-inam euS el ettut ni erongiS li etnemalos onouges issE .erong
ol odnauq ,iuL noc onrete onger len onanrotir e ,inoizatsef
itoved I .otazzilaer etnematelpmoc è aticsan orol alled opocs
.odnom otseuq ni iuq enoiza orol anussen ad itagel onos non
,471-171.8 alil-aytnA ,84.3 alil-idA atavagahB aynatiaC
.84-74.742 adnahk-arattU anaruP amdaP
otneve nu è omerpuS erongiS led otoved nu id enoizirappa’L
I .navagahB id otnevva’l otnauq onrete de etnatropmi otnat
etnematelpmoc ,etarapes àtitne onos non erongiS led itoved
-aer rep navagahB a emeisni onoiappa issE .iuL ad itnereffid
,orol id inucla e ,opicitna ni atlovlat ,itisoporp iouS irav erazzil
-netrap auS al opod onisrep onoiappa ,erongiS led àtnolov rep
-mocs orol al rep edeccus asoc assets aL .odnom otseuq ad az
orol i ittut etnematelpmoc odnenettart onoiappa itoved I .asrap
.eznereffos ilibirret el ettut ad onavlas ic e ilautirips iretop
oipmese oviv e osoirolg nu è sadiraH rukahT id areirrac aL
.ilibillafni ittaf itseuq ittut id
allus ilatnemadnof àtirev etseuq eripac a omaicsuir non eS
id è olripac len otnemillaf ortson li ,itoved ied enoizisop arev
arev al ,erongiS la enoisrevva artson alled avorp ossets es rep
.ilairetam iproc itseuq ni otnemanoigirpmi ortson led asuac

id enoisacco aiziporp allen osulcnoC

irtar-aviS
adbaruaG 415 asam-adnivoG isadrutaC