MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

SECONDARY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMME

INTEGRATED SCIENCE
GRADE 9

WEEK 1 LESSON 2
Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sub-topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases caused by fungus and virus
Objective: To know the sexually transmitted diseases caused by fungus and viruses,
their signs and symptoms and their methods of treatment and prevention.
Candidiasis

 Candidiasis is also referred to as a yeast infection.

 It is caused by a fungus.
 It affects the mouth – white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat,
 It affects the vagina – genital itching, burning, and sometimes a white discharge.
 Infections of the penis are rare and typically present with an itchy rash.
 May spread to other parts of the body resulting in fevers.

Treatment
 Antifungal medications

Prevention
 Consuming a diet that supports the immune system
 Wearing cotton underwear and not wearing wet clothes for long periods.
 Practicing good oral hygiene.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

 A virus that attacks the immune system, the body’s natural defense against illness.
 If left untreated, a person’s immune system will get weaker and weaker until it can no
longer fight off life-threatening infections and diseases.
 With treatment, people living with HIV can enjoy a long and healthy life.
 Testing regularly for HIV means you can get antiretroviral treatment if you need it and
stay healthy
 HIV is found in semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids, and breastmilk.
 It is mainly passed on through unprotected sex (without a condom), sharing needles or
syringes and during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding.

 HIV can’t be transmitted through sweat, saliva or urine. This means it cannot be passed
on through coughing or sneezing, hugging, kissing, or sharing towels or a toilet seat with
someone who has the virus.

 If HIV is left untreated, it may take up to 10 or 15 years for the immune system to be so
severely damaged that it can no longer defend itself.

Preventing HIV

 Use of condoms, male and female, during sexual intercourse

 Persons who inject drugs must always use a clean needle and syringe, and never share
equipment.
 Taking HIV treatment correctly during pregnancy and breastfeeding can virtually
eliminate this risk of the virus being passed on to the baby.
  Although there is no cure for HIV, with the right treatment and support, people living
with HIV can enjoy long and healthy lives. To do this, it’s especially important to
commit to taking treatment.

AIDS

 AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It’s also called advanced HIV
infection or late-stage HIV.

 AIDS is a set of symptoms caused by the HIV virus.

 A person is said to have AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off
infection, and they develop certain symptoms and illnesses. This is the last stage of HIV,
and if left untreated will lead to death.

Human Papillomavirus

 Caused by a virus
 In many cases there are no symptoms.
 In some cases it results in warts or precancerous lesions.
  These lesions increase the risk of cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth
or throat.
 Can spread from mother to baby during pregnancy
Prevention
 Children between the ages of 9 and 13 being vaccinated with the HPV vaccine
 To a lesser extent the use of male condoms during sexual intercourse.

Herpes

 Caused by a virus
 Symptoms include
 blistering sores in the mouth or on the genitals
 pain during urination
 itching
Treatment
 Antiviral medications are administered in the form of pills, creams and injections

Homework

Design a poster showing one way by which HIV is transmitted from one person to another.