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Sewer Project (Lameck Marube) - 052357
Sewer Project (Lameck Marube) - 052357
Sewer Project (Lameck Marube) - 052357
TRADE PROJECT
ON
INDEX NUMBER :
not been presented anywhere else and for the award of Diploma in Land Survey.
NAME…………………………………………SIGNATURE; -......................DATE;
-....................
NAME…………………………………………SIGNATURE; -......................DATE;
-....................
CERTIFICATE OF SUPERVISION
I certify that this project is truly the candidate’s own effort; it has been done under my
supervision and has therefore been submitted for examination with my approval.
SUPERVISOR...........................................................
SIGNATURE.............................................................
DATE..........................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are indebted to pass our special thanks for the continued encouragement and support from
the following;-
1. Our parents and siblings for their financial support shown during the whole project.
2. Our trainers and colleague students.
3. Our project supervisor Mr.Okello Yusuf
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to our family and anyone who has contributed positively to the success
of it. The commitment they have shown to our advancement of the knowledge and practice of
our profession.
A sewer is an underground conduit or channel designed to carry away surface water and waste matter,
typically consisting of human excrement and another wastewater.
Overall, sewers are a critical component of urban infrastructure, ensuring the safe and efficient
removal and treatment of wastewater.
Table of Contents
DECLARATION.............................................................................................................................2
CERTIFICATE OF SUPERVISION...............................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.................................................................................................................4
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................................5
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................9
1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................9
1.1 Problem Statement...........................................................................................................10
1.2 Objective of the Study......................................................................................................10
1.3 Tasks to be done...............................................................................................................10
1.4 Location of the Area.........................................................................................................10
CHAPTER TWO...........................................................................................................................11
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................................11
2.1 Horizontal Control............................................................................................................11
2.2 Methods of Providing Horizontal Control........................................................................12
2.3 Classification of a Traverse..............................................................................................13
2.4 Methods of Traversing.....................................................................................................15
2.5 Traversing Procedure.......................................................................................................15
2.6 Sources of errors in traversing..........................................................................................16
2.6.1 Instrumental errors............................................................................................................16
2.6.2 Personal errors....................................................................................................................16
2.6.3 Natural errors.....................................................................................................................16
2.7 Errors in adjustment of traverse.......................................................................................16
2.8 Traverse Accuracy............................................................................................................17
CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................17
3.0 METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................................17
3.1. SOURCE OF DATA.......................................................................................................17
3.2. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL USED.......................................................................17
3.3. RECONNAISANCE.......................................................................................................18
3.4 ESTABLISHMENT OF HORIZONTAL CONTROL....................................................18
3.5 PREPARATION OF THE BEARING SHEET...............................................................19
3.6 ADJUSTMENT OF A TRAVERSE BY RAY TRACE..................................................20
3.7 SURVEYOR’S REPORT.................................................................................................20
CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................20
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................20
4.1 Traverse............................................................................................................................20
4.4 Sources of Errors and Problem Encountered...................................................................21
4.5 Conclusion and Recommendation....................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Surveying is defined as the art of determining relative positions of points above, on or beneath
the surface of the earth, or establishing such points. While Land survey is the technique,
profession and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and
distance and angles between them. There are several branches of land surveying such as
Geodetic survey, Plane survey, Topographical survey, Engineering survey, Control survey and
Cadastral survey. The first two branches are based on the curvature of the earth while the
remaining is based on purpose/objective of survey.
iv. The knowledge of sewer systems ensures compliance with local, national, and
international wastewater treatment standards.
v. To design and maintain the long-term costs associated with waste management and
infrastructure repairs.
vi. To promote the integration of smart technologies in sewer systems for better monitoring
and maintenance.
vii. To ensure that sewer systems can handle unexpected events like heavy storms or
infrastructure failures.
viii. To ensure that sewer systems can handle unexpected events like heavy storms or
infrastructure failures.
1.3 Tasks to be done
Generally, it involved the use of a Dumpy Level to take precise measurements and data
collection, used for determining elevations and creating profiles of the sewer system.