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 ISSN 0002-9920 (print)
ISSN 1088-9477 (online)

of the American Mathematical Society

September 2017 Volume 64, Number 8

AMS Fall Sectional Sampler

page 816

Two Optimization Problems

in Thermal Insulation
page 830

2017 AMS Elections

page 837

Riverside Meeting
page 951

Detailed geometric structure of the bacteriophage virus MS2

(see page 811).
Notices
of the American Mathematical Society
September 2017

FEATURED
V
UR O

TE
YO
O

CC
OU T

!
816
684 830 26
837 U N

S
Fall Sectional Sampler Two Optimization Problems 2017 AMS Elections
Strings, Trees, and RNA Folding List of Candidates
by Christine Heitsch
in Thermal Insulation
by Dorin Bucur, Giuseppe Buttazzo, Election Information
Realizing the Spectrum of Tensor
and Carlo Nitsch Proposed Amendments to Bylaws
Categories
by Jonathan R. Kujawa Nominations for President
Building Polyhedra by Self-Assembly Biographies of Candidates
by Govind Menon Current Bylaws
Semigroups of Branched Mapping Call for Suggestions for 2018 Elections
Classes: Dynamics and Geometry by
Kevin M. Pilgrim Nominations by Petition for 2018 Elections
The Protean Chromatic Polynomial
by Bruce Sagan

We start the academic year with samplers from three AMS Fall Sectional Meetings and our story on thermal insulation. The Graduate
Student Section includes a many-authored geometric description of spaces of matrices. We highlight two mathematicians: Mary Fairfax
Somerville, whose image appears this month on a new Scottish banknote, and Dusa McDuff. Of particular relevance this fall are the
opinion pieces on active learning and on inclusion in faculty hiring.
It is the AMS that makes Notices' promotion of mathematics possible. This is the election issue, and we're hoping that members
will vote and find other ways to support our organizational home. —Frank Morgan, Editor-in-Chief

FROM THE AMS SECRETARY GRADUATE STUDENT SECTION

914 Report of the Exective Director: 2016 State of 870 Kelsey Houston-Edwards Interview
the AMS Alexander Diaz-Lopez

COMMENTARY 873 WHAT IS...a Sobolev Orthogonal Polynomial?

Francisco Marcellán and Juan J. Moreno-Balcázar
813 Letters to the Editor
876 Making Matrices Better
887 A Mathematical Moment: Designing Better Bicycles Dennis DeTurck, Amora Elsaify, Herman Gluck, et al.

897 Opinion: Advocating for Diversity and Inclusion in

Faculty Hiring ALSO IN THIS ISSUE
Darryl Yong and Sumun Pendakur
888 Mathematics Applied to the Study of Bicycles
903 Opinion: Beating the Lecture-Textbook Trap with Jim Papadopoulos
Active Learning and Rewards for All
892 My Life
David Pengelley
Dusa McDuff
933 Book Review: Weapons of Math Destruction
906 2016–2017 Faculty Salaries Report
Mary Poovey
Amy L.Golbeck, Thomas H. Barr, and Colleen A. Rose
 Notices
of the American Mathematical Society
A M E R I C A N M AT H E M AT I C A L S O C I E T Y

607
263
577

61
523

227
499
821

457

199
439 773

733

409 1129

71
307

47
1109

179 397
39
359
83
419 97

487
113

43
131

151

ALSO IN THIS ISSUE, CONT'D.

173

197

223

251

281

313

347

383

421

922 Kollár and Voisin Awarded Shaw Prize

929 Mary Fairfax Somerville, Queen of Science 1

Elisabetta Strickland
421

383

347

313

281

251

An Illustrated
223

197

43
173

151
TEXTBOOK
131

IN EVERY ISSUE
113
487

Theory of
419
97 TEXTBOOKS
359 83 FROM THE AMS
71
47 179 1109
397

61
307

409 1129

918 Inside the AMS

733

Numbers
607 263
577

227
199 439 773
523
499 457
821

TEXTBOOK

920 Mathematics Opportunities

Martin H. Weissman, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA
924 Mathematics People
An Illustrated Theory of Numbers is a textbook like none other I know;
and not just a textbook, but a work of practical art.This book would be a delight
936 BookShelf to use in the undergraduate classroom, to give to a high school student in search
of enlightenment, or to have on your coffee table to give guests from the world
937 New Publications Offered by the AMS outside mathematics a visceral and visual sense of the beauty of our subject.
—Jordan Ellenberg, University of Wisconsin-Madison, author of How
942 Classified Advertising Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking

945 Mathematics Calendar Weissman’s book represents a totally fresh approach to a venerable subject. Its
choice of topics, superb exposition and beautiful layout will appeal to profession-
al mathematicians as well as to students at all levels.
947 Meetings and Conferences of the AMS —Kenneth A. Ribet, University of California, Berkeley

968 The Back Page This comprehensive introduction to number theory,

with complete proofs, worked examples, and exercises,
reflects the most recent scholarship in mathematics and
its history. Almost 500 sharp illustrations accompany
elegant proofs, from prime decomposition through
quadratic reciprocity. Accompanying each chapter, his-
Cover: The cover illustration shows detailed geometric torical notes curate primary sources and secondary
structure of the bacteriophage virus MS2. The coat pro-
scholarship to trace the development of number theory
tein exists in three distinct conformations (A, B and C),
within and outside the Western tradition.
which merge in pairs into A/B dimers (blue/green) and
C/C (maroon) dimers. A/B dimers cluster into pentamers 2017; 323 pages; Hardcover; ISBN: 978-1-4704-3493-9; List US$69;
AMS members US$55.20; Order code MBK/105
around the 5-fold axes of an icosahedron; three alternating
A/B and C/C clusters form at the 3-fold axes; and the C/C
dimers sit as axes of 2-fold symmetry.
The image appears as Figure 1 in Govind Menon's article
(page 822) on how such viruses construct themselves, with
design implications for small containers that fold them-
Order your copy at TEXTBOOK

bookstore.ams.org/mbk-1 5
TEXTBOOKS
7
6

selves into shape. See also "Strings, Trees, and RNA Fold- FROM THE
2 AMS
10
8

ing" by Christine Heitsch (page 817).

Credits: Image is ©Dr. Neil Ranson, University of Leeds, UK.
Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons and used by No- = Textbook
TEXTBOOK

tices under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike

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 Notices
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 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
I Never Met Maryam Mirzakhani,
but I Knew Her So Well
I did not know Maryam Mirzakhani, the first and only
woman to win a Fields Medal in mathematics. She died
earlier this month, claimed at age 40 by breast cancer. Had
she lived, we would finally have met in person this sum-
mer at the 2017 meeting of the Pacific Rim Mathematical
Association, or PRIMA, where we were both scheduled to
give talks.
Our paths never crossed. And yet, we had things in com-
mon, so many that my heart aches and her loss invades me.
I speak not just for myself but for so many other
women. Like Maryam, we too, are mathematicians and
scientists. We are mothers. We are immigrants. We are
resilient. And we are committed to making this a better
world.
We are in love with the idea of inspiring the next genera-
tion, especially little girls, our own little girls, and those
whose environment oppresses and diminishes them with
the whisper “you cannot be...”.
A few months ago, I received an invitation to give a
plenary talk at PRIMA. I heard that Maryam was also sched-
uled to speak. I was so excited by the prospect of finally
meeting her! The fact that this would happen in Mexico,
my native country, in one of my favorite cities, was the
cherry on the cake.
Knowing how large these conferences are and how
quickly the time passes, I decided to write to her to in-
troduce myself and find a time to meet in the beautiful
city of Oaxaca.
I did not get to send that message. PRIMA starts next
month; Maryam will not be there. The schedule includes 14
plenary talks, four by female speakers, including Maryam.
If we are three out of thirteen, that will only be 23 percent,
less than one quarter. Unfortunately, this is not atypical
in math conferences.
It is the scarce researchers like Maryam who have
been pushing the numbers up, decimal by decimal. Why?
Because we must. In the process, we see transformation
that fills us with joy. That is the fuel that keeps us mov-
ing forward.
While strolling in San Francisco earlier this summer,
I went into Dog Eared Books on Castro Street. Near the
exit I browsed through a bin of postcards: landscapes,
birds, botanicals, art reproductions, photographs and
images from the Women in Science collection by Rachel
Ignotofsky: There Maryam was, almost flying, drawing
with two hands, topological spaces all around. I took her
picture home, along with another woman in science, Net-
SEPTEMBER 2017 NOTICES
tie Stevens, and a portrait of Mexican painter Frida Kahlo
painted by her husband Diego Rivera.
Nettie was a geneticist who identified the Y chromo-
some, found that it pairs with X, and that sex is determined
by the presence or absence of chromosome Y. Frida was
an intersection of passion, talent, color, and suffering.
Maryam was the only woman to ever receive the Fields
Medal, often thought of as the Nobel Prize of Mathemat-
ics. The cards have been on my bedside table since I got
them, with Maryam's visible on top of the small pile. I will
keep them near, as a reminder to be the best person I can
possibly be. A reminder also that we never know where
or when the path will end.
Nettie, I just learned, died of breast cancer in 1912 at
age 50. She had earned her PhD just nine years earlier, and
had only recently been offered a research professorship.
Maryam was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 37, and
died three years later, on July 14, 2017. My cancer was
found a few months after my 40th birthday. This summer
marks five years from the end of treatment. I am very
fortunate and look up to these powerful women.
I never met Maryam, but I knew her well.
Let's take a short detour in time, a flashback: I am re-
covering from surgery and will go through chemotherapy,
when I am offered a chance to teach children, showing
them that math is fun. Half of the children are girls. “It is
important, I will do it.”
Going through radiotherapy, I am mentoring graduate
students, writing reports and peer-reviews, and prepar-
ing for an upcoming plenary talk at the SIAM Life Science
Meeting. “It is important, I will go.” But the brain was foggy
and the inner voice treacherous: you will never be able to
go back, why even try? And as the body ached and the de-
structive inner voice gained strength I received that email
from the White House announcing that I had been selected
to receive a 2012 Presidential Early Career Award. Get up
and stop this nonense! This is your path and you will not
stop. Just put one foot ahead of the other, and keep going.
The invitations and requests keep coming: Can you
come? Can you do it? We really really want you. Can you
come? Yes. Yes. Yes… Sometimes the answer goes late as
we try to juggle things around to make it happen. It pains
us when the answer must be a no. Pushing through pain
and fatigue, through fear and uncertainty. Never passing
an opportunity to inspire, because there are too many
women, and too many minorities who have dropped their
dream for lack of role models, for their need of affirma-
tion. Our voices need to be heard.
And so I will continue to honor Maryam with my actions.
At the PRIMA meeting, I will give the best possible plenary
OF THE AMS 813
Letters to the Editor
talk. I will also honor her during the public lecture. I will
speak in the public square, find ways to dress math in the
colors and imagery that will attract children and curious
teenagers, look to inspire them, and to help their parents
see that there is always a way up.
Despite the poverty and the violence, despite the politi-
cians, there is another way and sometimes all it takes is to
know that the path exists and that someone like Maryam
has already traversed it. We must see ourselves and our
own inner strength as a reflection of hers.
Rest In Peace Maryam Mirzakhani, may your light con-
tinue to shine and inspire everyone to be what they want,
despite what others may say or think.
—Mariel Vazquez1
Professor of Mathematics and
Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
University of California, Davis
mrlvazquez@ucdavis.edu
Received July 21, 2017
EDITOR'S NOTE. We are planning a Maryam Mirzakhani
memorial for a future issue of Notices.
Hayman's List
In 1967, Walter K. Hayman (Imperial College) published
a slim volume entitled Research Problems in Function
Theory. Walter has over 200 publications to his name,
including five textbooks and a definitive proof of the
asymptotic Bieberbach conjecture. He has received hon-
orary degrees from universities in four countries, and he
co-founded the British Mathematical Olympiad in 1967
with his wife Margaret Hayman. At the age of 91, Walter
is almost the oldest member of the London Mathematical
Society and has been a Fellow of the Royal Society for over
sixty years. He has published a very colourful autobiogra-
phy entitled My Life and Functions1.
Research Problems in Function Theory contains 141
conjectures in seven areas of function theory, including
meromorphic functions, Nevanlinna theory, and functions
in the unit disk. One problem, commonly known as the
Sendov conjecture, has since led to the publication of over
80 research papers:
Problem 4.5: Let P(z) be a polynomial whose zeros z1,
z2 , . . . , zn lie in |z| ≤ 1. Is it true that P' (z) always has a
zero in |z − z1| ≤ 1?
An asymptotic version of the conjecture has been
proved.
There have been six updates of Hayman's List over the
years, each detailing progress on existing problems, as well
as adding new ones. This year, for the fiftieth anniversary
of the publication of the original book, Walter and I are
hoping to publish an update to the list and request your
Vazquez1: Vazquez has provided a Spanish version of this
letter at www.smm.org.mx/maryam.pho .
Lingham1: Reviewed by David Drasin in the May 2015 Notices
www.ams.org/notices/201505/rnoti-p517.pdf.
814 NOTICES
help in finding known solutions, particularly those that do
not refer to the original title or its updates. We will also be
looking for suitable new problems for the list. Please email
such information to me at the address below.
—Eleanor Lingham
Sheffield Hallam University
e.lingham@shu.ac.uk
Received June 5, 2017
In Support of Piper Harron
As a mathematician who is a white woman, it was very
challenging to read Piper Harron’s May 11, 2017, AMS
blog post, “Get Out the Way.”1 However, I’m also a tenured
faculty member at a regional public university where very
few of my students look like me. So it’s important to me
to remember that discomfort with what I’m hearing from
people of color means I should listen harder and sit with
the discomfort for a while.
Harron wrote, “Not to alarm you, but I probably want
you to quit your job, or at least take a demotion. Statis-
tically speaking, you are probably taking up room that
should go to someone else. If you are a white cis male
(meaning you identify as male and you were assigned male
at birth) you almost certainly should resign from your
position of power. That’s right, please quit.” The mildest
criticism Harron received in response to that proposal is
understandable, and many reasonable people have said it
or may think it: She wrote something so outrageous that
she deserves the backlash. I’m writing this letter because I
think it’s worthwhile to ask the reasonable people in our
community who have that response to listen harder and
sit with this for a while.
Context: As you know, fewer than 1% of tenured math
professors at US doctorate-granting universities are black
women.2 One percent are black men. Most of us agree it’s
a huge problem, it’s complex, and the causes of it reach
far into every aspect of American education and culture.
Harron wrote her essay in that context.
Harron’s essay, starting with an obvious solution to
the problem and going from there, presents a solution
that isn’t going to happen. This bears repeating, since
the alt-right media have gotten so worked up about this,
and their reaction is bringing attention to Harron into the
mainstream press. It’s not ever going to happen. So let’s
look at the suggestion as a rhetorical device. It reminded
me of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s re-
sponse when asked how many women needed to be on
the Supreme Court for her to think there were enough.
She answered, “Nine.” In a similar way, Harron’s essay was
pretty amazing at forcing me to examine my perspective
and assumptions about this system that I was trained in
and now work in that was created and is run mostly by
white men. Turning it upside down like she did stunned
me, in a good way.
Wrinkle1:
blogs.ams.org/inclusionexclusion/2017/05/11/
get-out-the-way .
Wrinkle2:Conference
Board of Mathematical Sciences (CBMS)
Survey Reports 2010, Table F.5.
OF THE AMS VOLUME 64, NUMBER 8

Harron doesn’t serve on search committees. She isn’t a
chair of a major research university’s math department.
She isn’t a dean or a provost, making any final hiring de-
cisions. She isn’t even on the tenure track yet. Her essay
doesn’t represent the AMS or the AWM [Association for
Women in Mathematics] or Black Lives Matter or any or-
ganization. (I understand that as an AMS blog, it carries
more weight than her personal blog, but she still does
not represent the AMS.) Nonetheless, she is getting an
avalanche of disturbing mail, saying horrible things about
her and even about her young children. Her department
and her university are getting demands that she be fired.
Followers of breitbart.com and similar websites are
harassing her. The fact that white people freaked out at
this level about Harron’s essay shows us how dangerous
it is for her to even rhetorically challenge our supremacy,
even in an area like mathematics. The backlash has been
almost as educational for me as the essay was. I encourage
all to read the blog entry in its entirety, beyond the first
paragraph quoted above.
Thanks for your attention.
—Nancy C. Wrinkle
Northeastern Illinois University
n-wrinkle@neiu.edu
Received May 24, 2017
*We invite readers to submit letters to the editor to notices-
letters@ams.org and post commentary on the Notices webpage
www.ams.org/journals/notices.
ERRATUM: For the August feature title on “How the Green Light was Given for Gravitational Wave
Search,” in some places “Search” was erroneously replaced by “Research” Notices regrets the error.
SEPTEMBER 2017 NOTICES
Letters to the Editor
Response from the AMS Executive Director
The AMS currently hosts ten blogs on its website at
blogs.ams.org. AMS blogs have an editor and/or
editorial board comprised of mathematicians. These
blogs offer an opportunity for writers to share their ex-
periences, opinions, and ideas. The opinions expressed
in AMS blog postings are the views of the writers and
do not necessarily reflect the views of the Society.
In February 2017 the inclusion/exclusion blog was
introduced, with a mission of bringing attention to
“issues pertaining to marginalized and underrepre-
sented groups in mathematics.” The AMS is aware of
the controversy surrounding the blog post discussed
in Nancy Wrinkle’s letter. We acknowledge that there
is a difference of opinion as to whether or not an AMS
blog was the appropriate venue for this particular
post. Blog posts can be thought-provoking and chal-
lenging, and the AMS supports the use of its blogs to
raise difficult topics that are important to the math-
ematical community. Inevitably, opinions differ about
what content is respectful and what is offensive, and
the AMS appreciates the efforts of its blog editors to
navigate this difficult terrain.
—Catherine A. Roberts
AMS Executive Director
OF THE AMS 815
 AMS FALL SECTIONAL SAMPLER

From left to right: Christine Heitsch, Jonathan R. Kujawa, Govind Menon, Kevin Pilgrim, and Bruce Sagan.

Make the time to visit any of the AMS Fall Sectional Meetings.
In this sampler, the speakers above have kindly provided introductions to their Invited
Addresses for the upcoming AMS Fall Sectional Meetings.

Semigroups of Branched Mapping Classes:

September 9–10, 2017 Dynamics and Geometry
Central Meeting; (Saturday–Sunday) by Kevin M. Pilgrim (Indiana University,
University of North Texas, Denton, TX Bloomington)
ThU_ meeting_ location was erroneously listed as University of Texas in
page 824
the print edition. Notices apologizes for any confusion.

Building Polyhedra by Self-Assembly

September 16–17, 2017
by Govind Menon (Brown University)
Eastern Meeting; (Saturday–Sunday) page 822
State University of New York–Buffalo,
Buffalo, NY The Protean Chromatic Polynomial
by Bruce Sagan (Michigan State University)
page 828

Strings, Trees, and RNA Folding

September 23–24, 2017
by Christine Heitsch (Georgia Institute
Southeastern; (Saturday–Sunday)
of Technology)
University of Central Florida–Orlando,
page 817
Orlando, FL
Realizing the Spectrum of Tensor Categories
*A sampler from the Fall Western Sectional Meeting will
appear in the November issue of Notices.
by Jonathan R. Kujawa (University of
Oklahoma)
page 820

For permission to reprint this article, please contact:

reprint-permission@ams.org.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/noti1595

 

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#S.PE և ք HFOFSBUFE CZ UIF 3BCCJU QPMZOPNJBM ࢶ BOE

QPMZOPNJBM ࢶ ࣊  IFSF ࢱ ࢲ ࢳ BSF GSFF HFOFSBUPST GPS UIF
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8 'MPZE ( ,FMTFZ 4 ,PDI 3 -PEHF 8 1BSSZ BOE & 4BFO[
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 A MERICAN M ATHEMATICAL S OCIETY

Discrete Differential Geometry

Linking Analytical Aspects
of Shape with Computation

AMS Short Course

January 8 – 9, 2018, San Diego
(in conjunction with the Joint Mathematics Meetings)

The American Mathematical Society’s Short Courses pro-

vide entrants with rich introductions to emergent areas
of applied mathematics—fuel for participants’ curiosity,
discovery, or research.

In 2018 the Short Course lecturers focus on “mimetic

discretization”—key properties of continuous systems
are preserved in discrete approximations—and on appli-
cations in biology, mechanics, design, and architecture.

Course Organizer
Keenan Crane, Carnegie Mellon University

Lecture Topics
• Discrete Laplace Operators, Max Wardetzky, University
of Göttingen
• Discrete Parametric Surfaces, Johannes Wallner,
Technische Universität Graz
• Discrete Mappings, Yaron Lipman, Weizmann Institute
• Discrete Conformal Geometry, Keenan Crane, Carnegie
Mellon University
• Optimal Transportation on Discrete Domains,
Justin Solomon, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Learn more and register:

www.ams.org/meetings/short-courses/
short-course-general
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UISFTIPME ࢽ   TVDI UIBU ²

ŀ JG ࢽ  ࢽ ࣅ’ JT SBEJBM UIFO ࢸࢽ JT DPOTUBOU 

߆ ²  NJO ऌఐ ]Ǽࣅ] ࢴࣈ ं ఐ ]ࣅ] ࢴߎः ȫ

ŀ JG ࢽ  ࢽ ࣅ’ JT OPU SBEJBM UIFO ࢸࢿࣀࣄ JT OPU DPOTUBOU
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5IF UISFTIPME WBMVF ࢽ JT EFUFSNJOFE BT UIF VOJRVF ࢽ
ࣅ ǽ ռ ² ఐ ࣅ ࢴࣈ  ऍ
TVDI UIBU ߆ࢽ  ¥ XIFSF ²


߆ࢽ  NJO ऌఐ ]Ǽࣅ] ࢴࣈ ं ఐ ]ࣅ] ࢴߎः ȫ
 

ࢻࢽ ߕ²
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4ƠƫƯƠƨƝƠƭ  /ƪƯƤƞƠƮ ƪơ ƯƣƠ ".4 

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