Network security

sec 5
Dr.Aida Nasr
ENG.Mahmoud Goda
Internet protocol

 What is Internet protocol ?

 The Internet Protocol (IP) is a set of rules and conventions that govern how
data is sent and received over computer networks. It is a fundamental
protocol in the suite of protocols that make up the Internet Protocol Suite,
commonly known as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).

 The Internet Protocol works in conjunction with other protocols within the
TCP/IP suite, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram
Protocol (UDP)
Internet structure

 What is Internet structure?

 Network edge:
• hosts: clients and servers
• servers often in data centers
 Access networks, physical media:
• wired, wireless communication links

 Network core:
▪ interconnected routers
▪ network of networks
Access networks

 Many type of access :

 cable-based access:
(fdm) :different channels transmitted in different frequency bands
HFC: hybrid fiber coax :
asymmetric: up to 40 Mbps – 1.2 Gbps downstream transmission rate,
30-100 Mbps upstream transmission rate
Access networks

 digital subscriber line (DSL):

data over DSL phone line goes to Internet
voice over DSL phone line goes to telephone net
24-52 Mbps dedicated downstream transmission rate
3.5-16 Mbps dedicated upstream transmission rate
 home networks
Access networks

 Wireless access networks

 Types of Wireless access networks :
 Wireless local area networks (WLANs)
typically within or around building (~100 ft)
802.11b/g/n (WiFi): 11, 54, 450 Mbps transmission rate
 Wide-area cellular access networks
provided by mobile, cellular network operator (10’s km)
10’s Mbps ▪ 4G/5G cellular network
 Access networks

 enterprise networks
 companies, universities, etc.
 mix of wired, wireless link technologies, connecting a mix of switches and
routers (we’ll cover differences shortly)
 Ethernet: wired access at 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps
 WiFi: wireless access points at 11, 54, 450 Mbps
 data center networks
Links

 What is physical media?

1. physical link: what lies between transmitter & receive
2. guided media: signals propagate in solid media like: copper, fiber, coax
3. unguided media: signals propagate freely, like :radio
4. Twisted pair (TP)
two insulated copper wires
Category 5: 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps Ethernet
Category 6: 10Gbps Etherne
Links

 What Radio link types?

Wireless LAN (WiFi) • 10-100’s Mbps; 10’s of meters
wide-area (e.g., 4G/5G cellular) :10’s Mbps (4G) over ~10 Km
Bluetooth: cable replacement :short distances, limited rates
terrestrial microwave : point-to-point; 45 Mbps channels
satellite :up to < 100 Mbps (Starlink) downlink
cont

 What is Copper cables ?

1. coaxial (degenerates over distance),
2. unshielded twisted pair
3. shielded twisted pair
wired network

 What is Advantages of a wired network ?

1. More control of the network
2. higher security
3. More reliable as signal strength is not a factor
4. Better speed 5. Cost effective
 What is Disadvantages of a wired network?
1. Not able to move around with computers
2. Costs to buy cables
Wirless network

 What is Advantages of a wireless network?

1. Cheap set up cost
2. No wires means a user can move to different places while still being
connected
3. A router can have multiple devices connecte
 What is Advantages of a wireless network?
1. Connection can drop out or loss quality,
2. More open to security threats,
3. Slower than a wired network