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FOR OFFICIAL U~E ONLY_
ff"'i File A 50 / 7

AIR SERVICE INFORMATION CIRCULAR

( AVIATION )

PUBLISHED BY THE CHIEF OF AIR SERVICE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

· Vol. III April 30, 1921 No. 222

A METALLURGICAL REPORT ON MATERIALS USED

IN FOREIGN AERONAUTICAL ENGINES
( POWER PLANT REPORT)

Prepared by Engineering Division, Air Service

McCook Field, December 9, 1920

- Ralph Brown Draughon

LIBRARY

MAR 28 2013
Non-Depoitory
Auburn University

,I

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1921
 1
t
I

INDEX.
l'agc.
Introduction . . .... ... .... . ............................ . ................. . .... . . ___ _.. _. .... .. _____ .. . .. . 3
Cylinders ......... .. ................... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ......... . . . .... . ................... ... ......... . 4
Water jackets ........ : . . .. : ... . ............................................................ _.......... . . 4
Crank cases ........ .. .... .. .. . . _............. _, ..... ! .. . .... . ....... . .. . . ... ... . . ..... ·........ . .... __ ._._. 4
Crank shafts ................................. . . .. _..................................... _........... _._ .. _. 5
Connectin g rods .................................."'. ....... _............ _........ _...... .. .. ... _. . . . ..... . 5
Wrist pins ............. . .. ..... .. . . .. ................ ... ........ _.... . ....... _.... . ............ ___ .. _. __. 6
Piston s ........................... - .. - .... - ....... - - - . .. - ... - . - ........... - - ... - - - . - - - - - . . ..... - . - . . . . . . 6
P iston rings ....... ·, . . .. . .•. .. ... ... .. ... ... ..... .... . .. ·. . ....... .. ·.· . .. ... . . : __ .. ... __ ... . .. _....... ___ . 6
Gears ................................................ .. .. . . ....... . ....... . ..................... . ....... . 7
Cam shatts ............. .. ...... ...... ........ .. ......... .. . , ........ ... .... . ... . ........ ... ....... _.. _. . . 7 ~

Valve rockers . .. ......... . ..... _........................ , .......................... _........... _.... ~ .. .

Inlet valves ........ .. . : ... . .............. : .... .. .............................. . .... ...... . .. _.. . ...... . _.
7
8
J
Exhaust valves ..... . .... ·,· . .... . . . .. •. .... . _. ..... .. ... . .......... ... ...... . ................. . . . _...... . 8
Valves springs ...............·.............. . .. .. . .. ... ·: ..................... ·...... _._ ...... .. . .... .... . . 8
Bearing metals ......... .· .......... . .. . ....... ........ .... ·....................... .. . . ...... _........... _.. 9
Steels-Class I . ..... _........... ... ....... _.. . ............................ . ................... . ........ . 11
Steels-Class I :V. .......... : ......... _... . ............ _.......................... ... .... .. ... . ...... _.... . 11
Steels-Class III. ... . . . . .. .. . ....... .. .. ... .............. ........ .. ................ : . . . _....~ ............ . 11
Steels-Class IV .... . .............................. _... _.................................... . . .... .. ..... . 12
Steels-Class V ................. . ·.... .. ............ ... . .... _.... . .. _... . ... _. ... .... ........ . ..... .. ..... . 12
(2)

J
 A METALLURGICAL REPORT ON MArERIALS USED IN
FOREIGN AERONAUTICAL ENGINES. 1

The accompanying tables have been prepared to pro- AWSCmhs Allan Wood Steel Co.-medium hard
vide in readily accessible form data on the composition steel.
of materials used in the construction of various foreign Bed Bedel.
aeronautical engines. Materials used in the Liberty 12 B.A. C. British Aviation Commissiqn.
are included for comparison. Br. Brown.
The material for these tables has been gathered from a Br. Sp . N. Brown, Special N.
numb er of so mces. The American Expeditionary Forces Ch. Chatillon.
Metallurgical Reports of Dr. Albert Sauveur have been Ch. Inc. Cbatillon Incassable,
used largel y for information regarding French engin es and Cr. mhca Creusot m edium hard carbon steel.
French and British steels. British J,,finistryof Munitions Der. Derihon.
Technical Reports have supplied considerable data on the Fir. Firminy .
mater·als of captured en emy engines. Data on Liberty Gir. Girod.
12 materials have been taken directly from the specifica 0
Gir. KNAd Girod KNA dur.
tions. A large q uantity of scattered information included Hol. Holtzer.
in this report has been obtained from manufacturers' cata- Hol. Ex. E Holtzer Express E.
logues, Government specifications, special air orders, in- Imp. Imphy.
dividual metallurgical reports, etc. In each case th e Imp. NC3Hd Imphy NC3H dur.
sources of information have been indicated in the tables. Imp . '! d Imphy demi-dur.
It will be noted that, in a number of cases, several dif- Mar. Marine.
ferent steels have been used in the construction of the Mar. !d Marine demi-dur.
same part. For instance, Lorraine-Dietrich uses for con- Mont. Montlucon.
n ecting rods three steels, Holtzer PXXXX, Girod KNA , P. S. Co. Pennsylvania Steel Co.
and Derihon END. A similar condition probably exists R. T . C. has Rich Tool Co. high-speed steel.
in the case of all largely used engines, and offers·a possible U . S. St'd. United States Standard.
explanation of the discrepancies in the reports on May- There it appended a classification of steels used in aero-
bach materials. Wherever availab le the names of addi- nautical engines according to thei r constituents and uses,
tional materials used have been included under the head·- showing where such information is available, their chemi-
ing of "Other steels used. " cal composition and physical properties. These tables
The following abbreviations will be noted : may be used for the i dentification of steels referred to in
TS Tens~le strength in thousand pounds the engine materials tables.
per square inch. Throughout the tables the values given for Liberty 12
EL Elastic limit in thousand pounds per materials under elastic limit are actually yield point
square inch. ' values. All values for physical properties of the Liberty
El Elongation in per cent. 12 are minima.
40700- 21 (3)
 4

CYLINDERS.

Engine. c. C C Si. Mn . s. P. Cr. Ni. T S. EL. E I. Name of Other steels I Reported

(graph.) . (comb .). steel. u sed. by-
- - - -- - 1- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - --·--- - - - - - - - - - - - -1--•1 - -- - - , - - -- - -,-- - - --
Austro - Daim- 0. 47 ...... .. ... . . 0.19 o. 67 0. 037 ' 0.046 .................. . ... ...... . ..... ... . ...... . ..... British.'
ler 200 hp.
Benz230hp.1... 2. 67 1.90 0.. 77 1.63 . 48 . 122 . 176 . . . . . . . . 18. 75 .... . ... .
.... ..................... . Do.
Bugatti 1. .. .. .. 3.02 2.27 .75 2.11 0.6-.8 . 075 . 128 .. .......... ........... .
. . ............. . ... .. ... . . Sau veur.
Clerget-Blin .. .. O. 3- . 4 (2 ) (') (') (2) ... ... .. . . .... 71- 78 ··· · · .. ..
··· · ·· · ······ ··· ·· ········ Do.
Gnome and Le . 28-. 35 .................. O. 15-. 30 . 4-. 6 a. 035 s . 035 . . . . . . . . '80-90 65F irmin y Ma rin e C,
l4 Do.
Rhone. B5. Girod C3,
Imp. !d,
Mont.No.
6.
Hispano-Suiza . (') (') (') (') (') 70 56 16 Cr eusot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Do.
Liberty 12..... . . 4 -. 5 .5-.8 95 70 18 U. S.Stan d- ............. Specifications.
ard 1045.
Lorraine - Diet- .4 -. 5 . 20 . 6-. 8 3 • 05 3 .045 . ...... . 85 55 20 Girod C3 ... Firmin y Sau veur.
rich. B5, Mar.
1,d .
Mavbach (Zep- . 32 ...... .. . . . . ...... .23 .60 . 03 .02 0. 152. 84 .. .. . ........................... : ........ . French.
pelin).
Maybach 300 3. 41 .... . .... J. . . . . . . . . . 857 . 824 . 106 . 912 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Do.
h. p. (h ead). 1
Do ........ .
Maybach 300
h. p . (barrel) .
3
:!L ...~
-.~:1. ......
9
'.
1
1:61Jg :M~1 J~:::: :::: ·iio··· ·ioo· .. i.i:::::: ::::::: ::::::::::::: Britg~_.
R. A. F ....... . .08-.14 ..... ... . 1. . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-.60 0.04-_.0~ 0.04-.05 78.4 56 ... .. ......................... C. A . Worth.

r .' ,:."' .~ • • r:"'1':"'::IJfsl'• • • • .• •

R enanlt400 hp. . 28-. 35 .... '.. . .. 1.... . .... . 15-. 30 . 4 -. 6 03" . 035 .... . .. . 128 92. 5 14 Mar. C .. . . . .. ...... . .... U.S . War De-
Renault 300 hp.
l
. 28-.35 .................. . 15-.30 .4-. 6 .0351 .035 ........ 80-90 65
partment .
14 Mont.No.6 ClassI. .... Sau veur.
1
Salmson .... . .. .

British Air
Board stand-
ard specifica-
tions .
: :l 1

Bri<::
1 Cast iron . ' Medium hard carbon steel. a:Maximum. . • Medium hard nickel carbon steel. 5 J\finirnum.

WATER JACKETS.

_· _e_._ __.,__c
_ _ __E_n_gm _..__ _::_ ~ _s_.___P_. . ~ 1~ ~ EL. E l. Name of steel Repo1ted by-

Benz230hp .... . 0.07 003 035 0.046 00027 0.02 . . . . . . . . .. . · ··· · · ······ ···· ·· Brit.ish.
Liberty 12. . 0.05-.15 ..... . 0. 3-. 6 1 .05 1 .045 . . ........ 42 24 30 LT. S . Stanrlard No. 1010 .. . Specifications.
· Maybach (Zeppelin)'. .. 3. 8 1. n2 . 95 . 006 . 26 . . Trace ............. . ...... . ... . .. . . . . . .............. . :French.
Maybach300hp........ .2,; . 27 .63 . 032 . 037 ... .. . .. . . . .. . ........ . ...... .. ... . ..... . ..... . Rritish.
1 I
1 ]\'faximum. 2 Cast iron.

CRANK CASES.
ALUMINUM.

E ngine. Cu. Zn. Sr... Si. Mn. Al. Pb. TS . I EL. El. Sp. Gr. Reported by-
- - - - -- -- - -,- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- -- , - - - - - - - - - -- 1- - - - - 1 - -- -- - ---
Ae.s.t.ro-Dai.mler 200 hp. 2. 79 6. 61 o. 760 2. 06 0.020 S7. 7u B r itish.
Benz 230 l:!p .. . .. . 13. 20 9. 59 (') 1.01 . 930 S2. 21 (') 20. 0 Do .
Li berty 12.. . .. . 7-8.-5 (') (') (') (') (') 89. 8- 91. 3 3 18. 0 ' 1. 5 2. 890 Specifications.
May bach 300 hp ... . . . 1. 35 16. 24 . 280 1. 71 (1) 80. 42 French .
Do .. .. . . ..... . . 87 12.01 .560 . 990 (') 86 57 26.1 1.00 British.
:Mercedes 260 hp .. . 4. 22 :l. r,50 . . .900 . 810 90. 36 21. 0 19. 5 3. 55 2.867 Do.
R.A. F .......... . .. 2. 5- 3. 0 {1 2.5- - ... ~ 1 }· •1 . 79. 5-85: 0 4 0.1 3.000 C. A . Worth.
14.50
Renault 400 hp ... . 6.00 4. 00 . . 90.0 2. 93- 2. 9GO U.S. War Depa rtment .
R enault 300 hp ... . 6. 00 1 . .. . . . . J . . 92. 0 :\::::::: Sauveur. '

ST EEL.

Engine. C. \. Si. ,fn. s. P. T S. E L. E l. Nam e of Other st eels used . Reported

steel. by-
\
- - -- - - - - - - - - -- --- - - ---,-- - -- ,-- -- - - - - - - -,--- - -
Gn ome and LeRhoEe .. 0.28-0.35 0.15-0. 3 0.4 -0.6 0.035 0.035 77-91.0 56 16 I,[arine C.. Firminy B5, Girod 03, Sauveur.
~farine 1/2 dur.
Clerget-Blin .. ... . .3 - .4 (') (') (5) 71 - 7S. l Do.

1 Trace. 'Impurities 1.7 per cent (maximum). 3 :Minilnum. ~ Maximum . o Medium hard steel.
 CRANK SHAFTS.

Engine. C. Si. Mn . s. P. Cr. N i. Cu. T S. EL. EL Name of

steel.
Isteels
Other
used.
R eported
by-
_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ , _ _ _ - -- --- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - --- - - -, - - -- - 1- -- - -1- - -- -

Austro·Daimler 200 h p .. 0.14 o. 27 0.43 0.03 .006 1. 34 3.45 . ..... 170.0 10.0 ···· · ----·- · - -·--·- - - · ···· British .
160.0
Ba, se-Selve 270 hp .... . . . 48.32 . 32 .061 . 016 I. 17 2. 59 . . . . . . 126. 3 103. 5
20. 8 . .. . . ___ .. _. _ ... ........ - . Do .
B enz 230 hp ...... _.... . . 13. 31 . 48 . 026 . 0014 . 87 3. 21_..... 140. 0 123. 5
21. 3. _...... __ .... _.... . ... _.. Do .
Benz 220 hp .... . . . ... . . . 20• 24 .iSl . 036 . 018 I. 04 4. 37 . _... _ 141. 1 125. 4
17. 0 _. . _. _.. __ . .. ... . . . .... _. _ Sauveur.
Bugatti. . . . . ... .. . ..... . . 25.14 . 52 .030 . 008 .60 3. 50 .. . . .. . 103. 0 56.0
17.0 Br. 897D ·····-·· ····- Do .
untreated.
Clerget-Blin ... _........ o. 2-. 25 . 15 . 45 ..... _.. . ____ . _ 0. 5--. 6 I. 12 ... . . _ 135. 0 105. 0 12. 0 Hol. CN 5_•• • : •••••• _. _•• Do .
Gnom e and LeRhone .. _ . 2-. 25 . 15 Do .
. 45 ___ ... . . ... _. _. .~5--_ . 6:i:l~.
1 : .5~--= ,:_ ...· . .· .. 133. 0 105. 0 14. 0 .. . . . do __ _-·· Fir. NC3_ ..
His pano-Suiza•.. ___ ...... 35 -. 40 . 25 . 35 .... ·- · ··-· -- · - 7 2 9 120.0 110.0 12. \ ·· · ·do.- .... P. S .Co.Y, Do.
Fir. NC3,
Midva l e
Liberty12 ...... . ... . .. . . 35--.45 . . . ____ .30- .60 1.045
7 I
1.04. _1. { . ~'5 } ..... 130.0 115.0 17.0 U.S. stand- Specification Speci fic a -
M2.
22 . _ a r d 3240. 10254A. tions .
Lorraine-Dietrich __ ···-- . 35--. 4 . 25 . 35 .. -· ....... . .. _ . ,- . 81
2. 9 .... . 135.0 105. O 12. O Hol. CN5 __ _ .. . .. ····- ... Sauveur .
Maybach 300 hp ... _..·.. . 258 . 188 . 733 . 034 . 013 . 578 3. 62 O. 08 143. 0 133. O 9. 6 ..... ___ . _. ___ .. .. _______ . French.
Do·-· · ····-·· · ····· .31 . 31 . 63 .03 .015 . 83 4.01 __ · ·· · 150.0 142.5 15.l _····-·-···-- -······-···-· British.
Mercedes 260 hp .. . .... _ . 41 . 29 . 64 . 052 . 042 . 86 2. 36 _. _... 138. 9' 124. 7 13. 5 _.. . . . ............. _.. . ..·. Do.
R.A.F .. .. . ........... '.35 . . - . . . - ·····- - 1.04 1. 04 .5--1. 3 ~. 40 __ ···· · · ··-·· -······ -·--·- - · · ··-- -·· -·- -···· ······-- C.A.Worth .
2
Renault 300hp ....... __ . 35--.40 .25 .35.-·-··········- .7- . 8 { / 9}·-···
135.0 105.0 12~0 Hol. CN5 ... Class lV __ . Sauveur.
R enault400hp .. -· .. .... 3- .35 .15--. 30. 25--. 45 __ -· ......... __ .65--.85 { \'.'s}- .................. ....·- .. _...·.-· ..... _.. ... .. ·-- .. up~;:;~~~~
Salmson .... . .. ... . . . .. .. 35--.40 .25 .35 .... ... ··· -··· - . 7-.8{ \:;;} .... - 135. 0 105.0 12. 0 Hol.CN5 __ _ . .. . . . . . .. .. . Sauveur.

BritdishAirBoardstand- 1. 35 __ ...... 45--. 70 1 . 04 1 . 04 . 3-1 { trt}--

}
··· { 123~- } 92-109
14o.
, 18 _. ..•. ..•• .• .. . ..... ····-. British .

3. fa! .....
ar. {2
Specifications ...... . .. _.. 30-. 40 1. 30 . 20-. 70 . 06 . 06. 50-1. 0 135--165 2 115 2 17 _... . ... . .. _. . _... _. . _... _ Do.

1M:aximum . 2 Minimum.
NoTE.- The first analysis given for British Air Board standard specifications refers to materials for rotary engines .

CONNECTING RODS.
I

Engine. c. Si. Mn. s. P. Cr. • Ni. W. Cu. TS. EL. El. N ame of Other s teels/ R eported
s t eel. used. by-
--- . - - - - - - - - - -- --- - -1--- - -1 - - -- - 1- - - - -
Austro-Daiml<lr, 200 0. 40 0.16 0.73 0. 043 0. 023 0. 36 1. 5 British. ·
hp.
Benz, 230 hp...... . . .15 . 21 .37 .027 .0026 I. 21 4.02 107. 7 93.9 14.0 --·-· --·· · ------·· Do .
Bugatti_._....... .. . . 25 . 14 . 52 .03 .008 . 60 3.5 103.0 56.0 17. 0 Br. 8970 ____ - · ·· · -··-- -- · Sauveur .
Clerget-Blin .... _.... U; .15- .24-
} . 02 .02 {'. 85
65-- 2. 6-
}·--·- .... : 133. 0 105.0 14.0 Ho!. CN5 .. -···--·-· -·· · DQ.
Gnome
Rhone.
and Le { · 2-
. 25
Hispano-Suiza ... . __ . 24
.30
} . 15
.45
.45
1. 27
u-
. 38
2.8
}1.12
4. 33
·- --- - ..... 135.0
·- ·-· · -·· · · 182. 0
[
105.0
1.54. 0
12.0 ..... do .. .... Fir. NC3 ___
10.0 Der. BND. Ho!. CN5,
Do.
Do.
Crucible,
C51/2.

Libert y 12 ... . ·-···-ug- }-··--·{:it° }1,045 I . 04

2. 75--
3. 25 }- -- . 175. 0 150. 0
U . S. stand- {Ua. rs d. s tNan0d·is p ec·i fi ca-
12 0 { ard X3340 6135. . lions.
Lorraine-Dietrich_ .. . 37 . 23,5 . 14 . 01 .02 3.95 2.17 250. 0 230. 0 17-8. 0 {HF°ixxx. G~~/~~t. A. E. F.
Maybach (Zeptelin)..
Maybach, 300 p . . __
. 34
.334
.29
. 27
.68
. 867
. 01
.03
.02
.026 .184
3.5.5
1. 338
-----· (') ___ ____ -·····-
______ 1. 2 103. 8
____ _............ J ........ ____
84. 6 16. 5 . .. . .. __ ... . .. . _...... __ . .
French .
Do. ,
Do·---·····-··- · .15 .33 . 31 .027 .01 .49 1.42 -----· - -·· · ___ ____ --- · ·· · - --·- - . ... . • .. .... . ····· · · ··· -- - British.
Mercedes, 260 hp_. __ . 13 . 19 . 52 .033 .014 . 29 2. 83 --- - -···· · -·--·- _ .... . ·----· ··· ····-·-··· ··········--- Do .
Mercedes , 160 hp __ . . . 10 .23 .5 .059 .016 . 78 2.63 . ___ .. _.. . ... ..... . _... .... . _. .......... .. . . _.... _. .... . . Sauveur.
Renault, 400hp ..... {'3-
. 35
.15--
.30
. 15--
.25-
.45
.24-
}·· ···-·-····-{:~ 2. 6-
2.8
2.6-
} - ---- .. . . . ···· -·· ....... --···· -·----·-····· 1·-·····-·-··· r~et¥..:~a;:
Renauit, 300 hp .. __ {' 3-
.35 I .30 .45 } .02 .02 {:~ 2. 8 } · ··-- -· · ·· 135.0 105.0 12.0 Ho!. CN5 .. Class IV .. . Sauveur.
Salmson __ .. . ......
Ut
1
} . 25 .35 - - - - ·-. - . . ·--. {: ~- 2. 7-
2. 9 }- · - 135.0 105.0 12.0 ..... do.·- - · T1 · ·· ····-·-·· Do.

'Maximum. ~ '!'race.
40700-21-?

).
 6
WRIST PINS.

Engine. C. Si. Mn . . .s. P. Cr. Ni. w. T S. I EL. E I. Name of

s teel.
Other steels
used .
I Reported
by-
- - - - - - - -- :- - - -- - - - . - - - --- - -- --- - - - --- - - -- -
Austro-Daimler 200 0.120 0. 490 0.028 0. 011 1. 15 3. 70 British .
hp.
BMW 200 hp ...... . 0. 180 . 220 ..500 . 055 .035 . 100 2. 12 Do .
Gnome and Le .05- . 12 .... . . . . 400 . 040 . 045 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-·55 40-45 22- 27 Chat. B FM . G i r. CU, ~an veur.
Rhone. Mai CAD,
Fir CT,
1
Hispano-Suiza ...... l. 15 .500 1.040 1.010 ....... ....... ...... o:i 45
1s .. .. . do ..... B ~~1_'-Bift,L
Br. SpN,
Do.
Mar.CAD,
I Fir. CT,
Cm.Ath a,
Cb . Inc .
Liberty.12 . .. ....... .1- . 2 ....... 1 .3- . 6 .045 . 010 . 7-. 95 2. 75 130 120 18 U .f' .,·tand- Spec. No . Specifica-
3. 25 I ard No . 10051. tions.2
Lorraine·Dietrich ... . 090 .300 .310 . 028 . 025 . 510 3. 45 . ... .. 95- 120 80-110 5-12 Imp. NFC!. f HoL CRK, 8auve:1r. '
X3315.
Gi r. RV.
Mayhach ~00 hp . ... . 280 . 230 . 480 . 028 .022 - -- ·· · · .... . ... . . . .. ·· · ·· - · . .... . ..... . .. · · · ····---··· .. . ......... . British .
Renault 400 hp ... .. .100 . 100 .400 .035 . 0~5 U . 8 .. War
Depa r t -
1nent.
Renau lt 300 hp . .... .100 .1-. 3 . 4- . 50 I .. 035 .035 50- 55 40-45 22-27 I mp. BCM . Class II . ... Eau veur.
Salm son .. . . ........ . 370 .235 . 140 010 .020 . 220 3.95 2.17 250 230
7- 8 l{~~xxx .. }············ Do .

1 Afaximum. 2 The s pecified crus hing strength for t his s teel is 3o,OOO pounds minim um .

PISTONS.
ALUMIN UM.

Engine. Cu. Zn. Sn. s i. Fe. Mn . Mg. I Al. T s. E I. Spec.

grav . Reported

==·· · · ·
by-

Austro-Daimler 200 hp .... . ....... . 7. 67

BMW 200 hp . .. ... . . . .... . .. . .... . 10. 95 ~ . 84 ;
...~..... ~ 2 • 81 ~ . 37 -. . . (-I)
. .-. . . ~ . 16 1 86. 66 . ............ . . . .. .. . . . . British.
86. 67
B asse-Eelve 270 h p .......... . . .••.. 1. 90
IO. 8
15.62 .45
. 40 ........ · · ······
1.06 ·· ·· ···•
.60 .... . ...
········1 80.97
. . . ... .. 88. 20
· ····· ·· ... ... . . ······· ·
Do.
Do .
........ ······ ·· ... . ... . Sauveur.
f&~~~°i~~~~: ::::::::::::::::::::: 9. 25.
10. 75
(') (') (') (') (' ) .. . ... .. • 87. 2-5-
88. 75
' 18 . . . . . . . . 2. 95 Sp ecifications.
R.A.F .. . ... . . . ... . ...• • . . ....•.... 7.00 1 ........ ........ ........ ........ 90. 00 .. . ... . ...... . . ........ . C. A. Worth.
R enault 400 hp . . ..... . ............ . 10.00 90. 00 ···· ···· .... ... . 2. 93- U . S . War D e-
2. 96 partment.
R enault 300 hp ................. . .. . 11. 00 89.00 Sauveur.

1 Trace.
2 The British r eport gives t he Silicon content of the BM"' pistons as 8.01 per cent. Tb; s is ob,·ionsly incorrect' and consequen tly has been
chan~ed to rea d 0.81 per cent.
• Impurities, 1.7 per cent (maximum).
• Remainder.
5 Mi nimm;n.

CAS'l' IRON.

_ _ __ _ ___
E_n_g_in_e_. _ __ _ _ __ 1_c_._ (grac
_Ph
_J_. _<c_o_~_b_.)_. _ s_i_. ___
M_n_. ___ s_.___P_._ _ ____ R_e_p_o_rt-·e_d _b_y_-_____
1

~i%:~~~~pp~iii;j:::::::::::::::::::::::::: II
2.35
3. 50
1. 85 0. 50 1. 46
1. 78
0. 77
. 58
0.13
.11
0. 21
. 36
British. ·
French .
~!K~~!i~ ~. ~~::: :: :: ::::::: :: :::: :::::::::: 3. 25
2. 79
2. 42 . 83 1. 29
3. 01
. 83
. 78
. Ill
. 053
. 30
1. 21
B ritish.
British ai r technica l ord ers .

PISTON RINGS.

C
ti
Engine. C. (comb .) . Si. Mn. s. P. Cr. w. T S. R eported by- 11
- -- - - -- - - -- - - - - - -1- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - · - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 · - -- - -- - /
Gnome and LeRh on e ... .. ........ . . . .. . ... 0. 58-0. 68 Sauveur.
Liberty 12... ... . . . .. .. . . ... .... .. . . . . . .. . . 1 2. 80
Maybach (Zeppelin). . ...... . . .. ... .. . ..... 3. 76 ~:~cfi; _ations .
British Air Board ..... '....... . ..... ... . ... '3. 6 British .
Standar d specifications . .... . . . ..... . . . .. . . 2 3. 9 Do.

<Minimum. 2 :M aximum.
NOTE: Tensile strength indicated in the table for Liberty 12 m aterial is transverse breaking s t ress for a 12-inch standard specimen.
 7
GEARS.

Engine. C. Si. Mn. s. P. Cr. Ni. W. TS . EL. El. Name of Other steels Reported
steel. used. by-
- - - -- --1 - - - - - - -- - - -- - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - 1 -- - -- - 1-- - -- - 1- - -- -
0. 0027 0. 810 3. 58 __ .• ______ . _ .. _. _..... ___ ___ ___ ______ ____ _____ _____ __ _ . British-
{Ut" un-----{ ~~}-----
Benz 230 hp .. . ·- 0.230 0.250 0. 530 0.014
. 430- } . 037
Bugatti.. ________ . 29--.4 ·. 037 { - 790
.0200 8.00 Br. 819 _______ ---- -- ·- - ------ Sauveur .
Clerget-Blin ..... (') (') (') (') (') (') (') (') {1:lt ~ ~} ........ .. ............ .
_ .... . Do.
Gnome and Le- . 28- . 35 . 15- . 30 . 40- . 60 2 . 035 2 . 035 • ••• c •.•.• . ••••.•• 80- 90 65. 0 14.0 Fir.BS ....... Mar.C,Mont . Do .
Rhone. · No.6, Imp.
! dur., Gir.
C3.
Hispano-Suiza ... . 100 . 080 .080 .009 .020 .390 2. 37 _. ... . 112 98.0 10.0 Ho!. N2 ...... Hol.CN5,Der .
BND,Cru. Do.
C5t, Ho!.
PXXXX.
70- 2 75-} {U. S. Stand- }U. S. Stand- Specif i ca-
Liber ty 12 ... . ... . 35- . 45 . 45--. 75 2. 04.5 '. 040 { :95 3:25 ..... 225 180 9.00 ~~16.No. X - ard,No.9140 .
f Lorraine - Diet-
rich.
. 4-. 5 .200 .50 .040 .050 .......... _... _... 55-65 35-40
tions.
20. 0 Gir. C3 .... --. Mar.! dur., Sauveur .
Fir. B5.

J Mercedes 260 hp_.

Renault 400 hp ..
. 300
. 240
.270 . 740 .025 . 030 1. 39
1.27 .... . ,_ ........ . 380
4.17
4. 33 250 230 7-8
British .
U. S. War
Depa r t -
ment.
Renault 300 hp_.
Salmson._ .......
.240
. 370 \~ .. :oio· --·.·ow·I:~88 4.33
3.95 2.17
182
250
154
230
10.0 Der.END .. _ ClassV .. .. . .. Sauveur.
7-8 Hol.PXXXX _.. _.... ...... . Do.

1 Nickel chrome steel. 2Maximum.

CAM SHAFTS.

_ _ _E
_ n_g_in_e_. _ _ _ c_._
__ ~ ~ l_ s_ ._ _ P
_._ ~ Ni. I TS. 'EL. E l.
Name of
steel.
I Other steels
used .
Reported
by-
1

Austro-Dairnler 200 hp. -···-···· o. 21 o. 43 0.035 0.012 0.57 3.15 .......... _...................... .. ............ '. British .
Benz 230hp .... . ....... 0.14 . 23 .95 . 029 .0026 1.48 4.68 ..... _ .. _.. . .. .. ............. _....... _.... .. .. .. Do.
Bugatti ....... .. ...... . .25 .14 . 52 ~ 03 . 008 .6 3.5 103 56 17 Br.897D .. _................ . Sauveur .
Gnome and Le Rhone. o. 05-. 12 -········ .4 . 04 . 045 .. .. .. _..... 50- 55 40-45 22--27 Ch.BFM .. . . Gir.CU,Mar. Do;
CAD, F ir.
CT, Imp.
BCM.
Hispano-Suiza ... . ... __. 1. 15 .... - .. . . .5 1.04 1.04 63 18 .... . do .... ·-· Bed . BI, Br. Do.
Sp.N,Mar.
CAD, F ir.
CT.
Liberty 12 ..... _.. ...... . 15- . 25 0.3- .6 1. 05 I. 045 70 :: I
20 U. S. stand- No.1010, No .
ard No. 1015.
Specifica-
tions.
1020.
Lorraine-Dietrich .... _. . 05- . 12 .4 .04 .045 .... -- -·---· 50-63 35--45 25 Ch.BFM._ .. Gir.CU,Mar. Sauveur .
.CAD,Chat.
Inc., Imp.
BCM, F ir.
CT, Bed.
BI.
Maybach 300hp .. __ ··-- .4 . 25 . 23 . 02? .04 . 68 3. 46 British .
Mercedes 260 hp_ ... ·._ . . .16 . 27 .6 . 052 . 014 Do .
Renault 400 hp .. ·-_ . ... .1 0.1- . 3 . 4-.5 . 035 . 035 U. S. War
De p·ar t -
ment .
Renault 300 hp . . . . __ ._.
Salmson .. ·-· __ . _...... .
I
1. 15
.15
. 50
. 50
' · 04
. 04
1.04
. 04 :::::: :::::: -·-7:.1-.-~~- .. -~~. Imp.BCM ... Class II . ... _. Sauveur.
Ch. BFM .... ...... -·- .. · -- -
1
Do.

I Maximum.

VALVE ROCKERS.

_ _E_ ~_~_ e_· _ ~ __ c_ . _ &_·. _ _ _i_1_n _. _ _ _s_._

__ _ P_. _ l_ c_r_. _\ _ _N i._ ~ - - T
_ s_ ._ ·_E_ L
_ ._ __E_· _1.~ -N-~-! _J_~_r_ ~_o_t_~-~-~_f_!_e_1s_ ~_R_e_C_~_rt_ed
__

Austro-Daim l er 0.460 0. 09 0.630 o. 051 0.028 0.420 1. 57 British .

200ho.
Bugatti.._ .. _.. -. .250 .14 . 520 . 030 .008 . 600 56 17.0 Br.. ........ __ - .. - .. --- .. · - · - - Sauveur .
Gnome and Le } .090 .023 95-- } C.N. K . .. .. _ Imp. N. y_ __ _
Rhone.
. 25 . 390 . 018 120 &-10 Do .

0. 7-. 95
u. S. stand- }Specification Sp ecifica •
Liberty 12 ....... 0. 35--. 45 ------ o. 45-. 75 '· 045 1.040 180 9.0
{ xl34o.N o. No. 10050. tions .
Lorraine-- Di e t - }.35--.40 . 7-.8 105 12. 0
rich.
. 25 . 350 ----- -- -- ···-- Hol.CN5 ..... _........ .. .. .. . Sauveur.
Maybach (Zep- . 20 .16 . 650 . 040 .020 .19 French .
pelin).
Renault 300 hp •. . 35--.10 . 25 . 350 -- · ·· · · ······· . 7-. 8 Sauveur .

11faximum. •Trace .

•
 INLET VALVES.

Name of Oth er steels Reported

_ _E_ n_gi_n_e_._ _ ,_ c_._ ~ ~ _ s_._ ~ _:_ N i.
I W· : _::_ ~ EL . _E
_ l._, ___s_t_ee_i_.__ ,__ _ u_se_d_._ _ ,_ _b_y_-_ _

Aus tro-Daimle r 0.46 o. 24 0.42 0.023 0.022 0.47 British.

200 hp.
BMW 200hp .. . __ 1.09 . 56
Benz 230 hp. __ .. .
Bugatti.._ .. _....
. 26 . . 28
. 25 .14
. 63
. 40
. 52
. 050 12. 39
. 033
.002 1. 06
. Ol2
. 008
.030 .6
<:.::.:;;:;;;;:;:;;;;:;:;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;:;::;;;;;:r ::;;:::::; ;;;
3. 50 .. .. . . . .. .. . . . . 103
Do.
Do .
56 17. 0 B r. 897D .. . .. __ ........... . . Sauveur.
Clerget-Blin _____ . o. 2--. 25 . 15 . 45 ------ ..... . . &--. 6 1.12 ....... . .. . ... . 135
105 12.0 H ol. CN5 .... ---- · ·· · ··· -·- · Do .
' Gnome and L e . 2--. 25 .15 . 45 . .... . . .. .. . . &--. 6 1.1 2 ·------ ... . .. .. 150
141 12.5 .... do ........ Fir.NC3,Gir. Do.
Rhone. KN.
H ispano-Suiza . .. _ . 37 . 235 . 14 . 010 .020 . 22 3. 95 2. 17 ... .... . 150-210 13&-- 10. 0 H ol. PXXXX Ri ch H . S . D o.
180 Sr. Br. 819,
I
Roi. T12,
Exoress E.
Liberty 12....... . . &--. 7 .... _. 30 035 035 . 5. 1 . ... - .. l. &--2 225 180 9. o U . S. stand- X3340, X3440. Specifica-
I .

.1 4
I .

. 010
I .

.020 . 22 3. 95 2.17 ... ... . .

a rd W60b .
135 105 12. 0 Hol.PXXXX Gir. KNA, Sauveur.
tions .2 •ii
Lorraine-Dietrich . 37 . 235
Der.END.
M~ybach (Zeppe- . 40 .260 . 62 . 030 . 010 1. 10 4. 95 French .
lin).
Maybach 300 hp..
Do .... ..... __
. 13 . 188
. 53 . 300
.222 .022 . 011
. 480 . 022 . 044
. 546 4.014 ·· --·-· 0.14 82. 2 52.9 27. 2 .... .... . ..... .. - ·-· · · · · ·· ·· -·· Do.
. 510 4. 01 . . _. _.... . .. _. ..... _..... .. .... _ . ... . ......... . ..... . .·. .. ... . . British . '
4
Mercedes 260 hp._ 1. 82 . 520 . 100 . 048 . 010 10. 47 . ..... ... ... ...... .. ..... .. .. _.. .. ...... . ... .. .. .. ......... ... .. .... . Do.
R ena ult 300 hp .......... .... .... . ... . _. .... .... . . ...... .... . . ....... .. ..... ... ... ... ... . . . .. {H~: Express }Hol. Tl2 .. . . . Sauveur.
Salinson . . .. ...... . 3&--. 40 . 250 . 350 ............. 7-. 8 2. 7- 2. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 105 12. O Rol. CN5. _..... .. .... . . . .. . D o.
Brit ish Air Board . 5&--. 70 • . 250 1 . 750 • . 060 • . 025 3-4 15-18 . . . • 1 ... .. . . _... . ...... .. .... .... ........ . .. .... ... . British.
standard sp eci-
fii~on~: ..... ... 2&--. 32 1 . 300 . 4&--. 60 • . 030 1 • 030 I. 2- 1. 5 2. S-:3. 5 . ... - - - .. - - - - ... - - - · - - · · · · · - · · · · - · · · · · · · -- · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Do.
Do . . . ......... 2&--.35 .300.3&--. 50 • .03a • .035 1.0-1. 5 3. 7&-- ... ... ... ... ..... ... .. ....... . . · · ····· · ·-··· · · ... ....... .... . Do.
4,50

1 Maximum.
'This specification is optional. The standard equipment on t h e Li berty engine is the tm1gsten steel valve, u sed interch angeably on inlet an d
exha ust, made of high tungsten steels numbered W60 and W60a.

EXHAUST VALVES.

E ngine. c. Si. Mn . s. P. Cr. N i. w. V. Cu. As. T S . EL. El. Nam eof steel. Other steels R eported
u sed. b y-
- - - -- -1- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - 1 -- -- - - 1- - - -- -1--- ---
Au s tro-D a im-
ler 200 hp .. .. 0. 440 0. 240 o. 410 o. 025 o. 222 0. 47 2. 360 .. .... .... .. . .. ......... . ..... l. . ... · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · ··· British.

·!:·~~ ::::::::::::::::: :J-t~~ --~t · ~: ·~ -!~/~!/_::: :::::::::::::::

BMW200hp .. . . 940 . 820 . 650 . 033 . 034
~ :~
Do.
Bugatti. ... _._. . 250 . 140 . 520 . 030 . 008 Sauveur.
Clerget-Blin .. . . { : ~ } . 150 .450 . .. . ..... .. . Do.
I
Gnome and { . 20- } 150 . 450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5- . 6 1. 120 . .. _...... _ .... . ... . 150 141 12. 5 ... . do ........ {F\'i'NC3,Gir. } Do.
L eRhon e. . 250 ·
150- 13- } {Rich H.S.St., }
Hispano-Suiza. . 370 . 235 .140 . 010 . 020 . 220 3. 950 2.17 . : ... . ........ { 210 189 10. c, Hol.PXXXX Ho!. Tl2, Do.
Express E.
L 1.b er t Y 12 · · ·• · { ..50-}
700 ·· ···
•. 300 1.03; 1.03,
" "
3-4 13-l 0"
----- . . . . . --· ·
lOO 7-0 l S O (U. S. St'd. W60A, W60,
· \ W60. 51230 .
S pecifica-
tions.
L~r~~~ne-Diet-} .370 .235 .140 .010 .020 .220 3. 950 2.17 ···--I····· .... mg- t~~-}
10.0 Hol.PXxxx{ t ·er1~ik
0
}sauveur .
M~!~~) h (Zep- } . 970 . 380 . 350 . 020 . 060 3. 00 . 200 12. 3 O. 08 O. 04 Tr . ..... .. .... . ... . .......... .. . . .. .... .. ... . _. . French.
Maybach.300 hp .162 . 117 . 318 . 025 . 036 1. 218 3. 936 . ........ __ . 16. .. . 115 92. 2 13. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . Do.
Do.. . . . . . . . . 100 . 200 . 260 . 019 . 023 1. 160 3. 620 .. __ . . .... . .. . ..... ... ...... ...... .. . . . . ...... .. . _. _. . _. .. . . . . . . . . British .
Mercedes 260 hp 1. 75 . 580 . 100 . 048 . 013 10. 85 ...... . . _....... _ ... .. _. .. _....... . . .. ...... .... .... ... .. _... .. ......... Do.

:~:a;·~~~;:. :~~~----~~~···-~~----~~----~~-~~~--~::::::-~~~~--~~~::::::::: ::::r::: ;:::::.{ii~:·i;;,_j;·ess}::::::::::·.:: 1

~~: ;e:~rtb.
Salmson ......... 370
British Air l . 2351 . 140 . 010 .020 .220 3.950 2.17 ---· · .... . .... 250 230·
7- 8 Hol. PXXxx{G Y:i KB~lD'
e1. ·
} Do.

:::t~t:;{li~~= J : ~&j } '· 2501. 750 1. 060 1• 025 3-4. . .. . . 15- 18 1 1. 0 .. . ....... - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . British.
tions . .. _. _.. .
Do . ... ..... { : ~~ }•.3ooi{'Ji;;j }•. 03o •. o3o{ {:~ ~:r} ..... ........ ........... ··-·- .............. ...... ............... . Do.
"I
i
Do . .. .. .... { Jgo}.3001{ : ~&o }•.035 •. 035{ Uo 3:i:~o}·--· · ..... ····· ---· .................................. ·····-····· Do.

lMaximu m.

VALVE SPRINGS.

Engine. 1_ ·_ c_._ _ ~ ~ _ _ s_ .__ __P_

._ __
c _r ·- \ V. Nam e of s teel. Reported by-

B enz 230 hp ... ..... . ... .. .. ...... O. 4 0. 02 0. 55 0. 033 0. 0085 0. 01 ..... . .. ... ... __ ..... .. ..... . .... . British.
Liberty 12.... ... .... .. . ..... . .... o. 4- • 5 0. &--. 8 • . 045 •. 04 O. 8-1. 1 2 0. 15 U. S. standard No. 6145 . Specifications .
.Mercedes 260 hp . .. . .... _... . . . . . . . 52 . 07 . 59 . 06 • 031 _........ . . . _..... .... ... ... ...... ... ... ... _ British.
Maybach (Zeppelin), intake.. .... . 50 . 18 . 29 . 01 . 01 .. _. .. ... ... ...... .......... . . ..... .. ...... . French.
Maybach (Zeppelin), exhaust. .. . . 44 . 18 . 86 . 04 . 03 . . .... ........... _ . . . . ...... . . . .. .. .. ..... . . Do.

lMaximum . 'Minimum.
 9
BEARING METALS.
CLASS !.-GENERAL SERVICE .'

Engine. Cu. Zn. Sn. Pb. Sb . Mn. . N i. Fe. P. As. Pewter Reported by-
(?)
- - - -- - - -- - - - - - 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - 1 - - - - - -
Benz 230 hp ....................... . 8.10 78. 57 o. 90 11. 95 British.
Liberty 12 ......................... . 4.5 . .... ... 91. 0 '. 2 4. 5 Specification.
Maybach (Zeppelin) ..... ..•... ..... 6.9 Trace. . . .. ... . 6. o 9.54 0.11 ........ 0.17 77.26 F rench.
Maybach 300 hp .. . ......... .... . ..
R.A.F .. ............ ......... .... .
·1 4. 35 . . . . . . . . 82. 37 1
1. 66
6. 0 .. ... . .. 86. 0 ...•.. ••
11. 6
8. 0
.02 ....................... . Do.
C. A. Worth.
Renault ......... . .......•.......... 5. 0 85. 0 .•.. •••. 10. 0 Sanveur.

CLASS IL-MAIN JOURNALS.

Anstro-Daimler 200 hp ............ · [ 6. 70 [· ...... ·I 81.13 ·1

o.. 92
71 112. I········[········!········[· ····
o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .· ·. ·1·
. . ·······
. . . . . . . 1····
. . . . ·. ···
. . . 1 British.
r Maybach 300 !1P· .. .. ... .... . .. . l. .. 10. O . . . . . . . . 77. 65 11. 18 Do.

I
'I;
Cuss !IL-CONNECTING RODS.

Austro-Daimler 200 hp ...... . ..... ·I

Maybach 300 hp .. .. . ... . . . ..... . . . . 5.10
6. 34 . . .... . .
31.42 I
I···... ··I 80.05 1 3. al
·1.~4 r 9.9
12.0 ········1-.......
[·······J·. ........ ·······- ········1
······1········1········1........ ········1
........ British.
Do.

CLASS IV.-CAM SHAFT S.

Anstro-Daimler;OOhp ........... : .1 87.511 o.2s f 11.34 I 0.171 ·· · ···· ·1· ····· · ·1 0. 35 1 0.171 0.05 1·-······ 1·· · ·· ·· ·1 British.

CLASS V.- VALVE ROCKERS.

Austro-Daimler200hp ............. j 96.29 1 T race. I 2.52 I 0.28 1········1 0.21 I 0.07 1 0.13 1· · ······ 1··· · · · · · 1······· ·1 British.

1 Class I beuing metals, marked " General ser0.ce," include all bearing metals not specifically classified in reports; presumably main journals
and connecting-rod bearings.
'Maximum.
 r

APPENDIX.

CLASSIFICATION BY SAUVEUR- STEELS.

CLASS !.-Medium high carbon steels suitable for light stresses and wear.
-'
Mark. By- C. Mn. P. s. S i. TS . EL . EI.
- - -- - - - - - -1-- - - - -- -- - -- 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -
I- No. 6, Demi-dnr ....... . .
C3 . .. .. . .. ......... . .... .
Montlucon, Imphy.. . . .. .... .. . . ...... ... .. . . ... ... . ...... . . . ... . ...
Girod ........ . . .. ... . . . ..... o. 01-0. 05 O. 5 O. 05 o. 04
......... .
0. 02
50- 55
55-65
31-37
3o-40
25-28 F.
20 F.
I" ' C . . . . .. . .. . : ...... .. ..... Marine ........ .. .. . ... . ...... 28- .35 . 4-0. 6 .035 .035 .15- 0.30 55- 65 40 16 F.
• B5 .. . . . .... . ..... . ...... F irminy . ...... . ... .. . . ...... 28- .35 .4- .6 .035 .035 .15- .30 55-65 40 16 F.
M . h.c.s . ...... ... . . . . .. · Creusot............... .. .... ... . .. . ... .. .. ..... . . . .. . .... . .. ...... . . . .. .. .. .. . 90 56 16 F.
Med. Hd. st . . ........... Allan Wood Eteel Co ........ . . ... . .. . . . . . .. . ..... . ....... . .. . .. . .. . . ........ . . . ............... .. . . .......... A .

!L6ii::::::::'.?::::: .:~.i~~st~:~: ~~:c~~~~~~\ }.i>~:: :::i:i ::::,:.:6i~: ::<~i:: ::::'.:::::....: .... ....:~-··· ....~: .... !:
Demi·dur . .............. · Marine ....................... 4- .5 .5 .05 . 04 .20 55- 65 35-40 20 F.
0

I Maximum.
F .= French st eels. A.=American steels. E .= English st eels.

CLASS II.-Low carbon steel suitablefo7: case-hardening.

Mark. By- C. Mn . P. ·s. Si. T S. EL . EI.

- -- - - -- - - -1- - - -- - - - - -- -1- - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -
BCM . .. . . . .... . . .. . .... . Imphy . . . ..... . ...... .. ..... 0. 05-0. 15 0. 32-0. 50 0.01-0.045 1 0. 04 0. 1- 0. 3 50- 80 40-60 22-27 F.
BFM ................... . Chatillon . .... . .. . .... . • . . . . . . 05-.15 .32-.50 .01- .04.5 ' . 04 .l- . 3 50-80 40-60 22-27 F.
CU. . ................... . Girod .. . .. . ....•..... . ....... 05- .12 . 32- . 50 .01- .045 .035-.04 .1- ·. 3 50- 80 40-60 22-27 F.
CAD . .. . .............. .. Marine ... .... . . . .... . . . ...... 05- . 12 . 32- . 50" .01- .045 .035-.04 .1- . 3 50-80 40-60 22-27 F.
Incsss0,ble ....... .. ...... Chatillon . . .. . . ..... . ...... . . .. ... . ... . . . .. ; . . .. ......... . .... . ... .. .. ........ . 60-85 40-56 20 F.
Special N ........ .. . .. .. . B rown .... . .... . ............. 05- .15 . 32- .50 .01- .045 .035-.04 .1- .3 50-70 32-44 30 E.
C'l' .. ... .. . .......... . .. . F irmin y ............. . ... . . . . 0~ .15 . 32- . 50 .01- .045 .035-.04 .1- . 3 50-80 40-60 22-27 F.
BI. . . ........ ... . . .. .... Bede!. ...................... . 05- .15 .32- .50 .01- .045 .035-.04 .1- . 3 50-80 40-60 22-27 F.
814. ________ . ____ ___ ... _. British Aviation Commission ...... . .. . ....... __ .... . ... __ .. .. ... .. ........... . 84 58 20 E.

Ef rn~::::::::::::::::: :~::~~t~~;:r~:: : :::::::::: J~ Jg Uii :Ji /::::::::::

70 45 20 A.
:!8= Jg 70
70
45
45
20
20
A.
A.

I Maximum.

F .= French s teels. A .=American steels. E .= English steels.

CLASS III.- Low carbon nickel steels suitable for case-hardening.

Mar k. By- C. Mn. P. s. Si. Ni. Cr . T S. EL . E I.

- - - - - - - -1-- - -- - -- - - -- 1 - - - - -- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - -
N2 ........ ..1• ••• • •• Holtzer..................... 0. 10 0. 08 0. 02 0. 009 0. 08 2. 37 0. 39 80-112 70-98 10 F.
NV ... . . . . . .... . .... Girod..... . ............ .. ... . 06 ..... . . . .. . ..... .. .. .. .. ..... . 4.09 .36 115-125 90-100 9-12 F.
NF Cl.. . . . . . . . . . . . Imphy .... . . ......... , . . . . . . . 09 . 31 . 025 . 028 . 30 3. 45 . 51 80-98 70-84 14- 20 F.
~~F_-:::::::::::::: f;~:~i::: ::::::::::::::::: :::::::: :::::::: :::::::: :::::::: :::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::: :::::::: ~:
!!fti.·.·:::::::::::: ~;a;~~nAii-.ii"oaici::::::::::: :::::::: :::::::: :::::::: :::::::: :::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: .. ii2····· ··oo·--· ··i1···· ~:
No.3315 ...... . .•... U. S. s tandard ... . .... . . . ... 0.1- .2 0.3- .6 1.04 1.045 ....·.. 3. ?5-3. 7-5 1.25-1.75 100 80 J5 A.
No.X-3315 . . .. .. . ... . .. . do ........... . ...... . .... 1- . 2 .3-.6 ' . 04 1 .015 .. . . . . 2.7.5-3.25 .70-.95 100 80 15 A.

!Maximum.
1 F .= F rench steels. A .=American steels. E.=English steels.
I (11)
 12
CLASS IV.-Medium hard nickel chrome steels.

Mark. By- C. Mn . P. s. Si. N i. Cr. T S. EL . E l.

- - - -1- - -- -1- -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- --
CN5....... Holtzer ... . .... . . . .... 0. 2 -0. 4 O. 24--0. 45 0. 005-0. 02 0. 015-0. 02 o. 15--0. 329 1. 12--3. 07 O. 5 -0. 85 80-130 105 14 F.
CRN No. 2 . . . _ Chatillon...... . .... . .. ··-·-·-·· ............. .. .. .... ........... ............................................. . . . ...... F.
CN4 ... _...... . Marine ... - ...•........ · · ··- ···· ..... ... ..... . ...................................... ··-··- ·- ·· 119 98 17 F.
NC3 ........... Firminy .. . .... •. ...... . 2- . 35 .25- .45 . 02 .02 . 15- .30 1.1-2. 8 .5 - .85 85-130 105 14 F.
NC 3H dur .... Imphy. .. ........ .. .. . ... ... .. . ..... .. .. . . . . . ..... . ... ....... .. ..... .. .. . . . .... ... . . ... . .. .. . 100--150 90--140 8-12 F.
CNR ...... . ... Holtzer... . ........... . .... .... ..... .. .. . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . .. . ... .. . .. . . . ... .. . .. . ... .. .. . .. 115-160 110-150 10 F.
BCN3 ....... . . Bede!. ......... . •... . .. ... .......... .. ....... . ....... . ............... . .. . ........... . ... ..... ...... .... . .. ....... .. . F.
CNS ...... . .... Brown................ . 35 . 72 . 023. .. . . . .. . . . . 05 2. 44 . 535 115-161 110-154 9 E.
NCAV ...... . ....... do................. . 26 . 54 . 037 . 024 .15· 3. 21 . 649 84-118 71- 99 13 E.
897D ..... ... ........ do.. ........... ... . . 25 . 52 . 008 . 03 . 14 3. 50 . 60 100--140 90--120 17 E.
Y ........ . ..... P ennsylvania Steel Co. . 58 1. 25 . 05 . 004 . 25 1. 4 . 79 .. . ..... . ... . ........... A.
KN ..... ...... . Girod ... ............... 30-. 35 . 25-. 45 . 02 . 02 .15-. 30 2. 6 -2. 8 . 65-. 85 107 101 12. 5 F.
S2 ............. BritishAviationCom- ........ . . . .. . ..... .......... . ........... ...... . ... ...... .... ..... ... .. 123- 143 100 18 E.
mission.

112/{JLL/iti: ::1::++>::·~'I1'~1~ ,llJi 1 Maximwn.

F= French steel s. A = American s teels . E= English steels.

CLASS V.- Self-hardening nickel chrome steels.

tr" 7:k
Pxxxx.............
I~ ~-
Holtzer..... . ...... .. ............... . 37
0 c~ ~; :~ ,.: , ':, :~ ;~ ••~· .
. 14 . 02 . 01 . 235 3. 95 . 22 2. 17
Ts:~ EL:~ ~·
150-210 135-189 10
fu
F.
VIR ............... Marine ... ........ . . ........ . . .. .... . ...........................,.. ... . .. .. ...... . .......... .. ... . ............ .. .. F,
BY ............... . Imphy. . ... .. ....................... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... . ..... 175 165 7 F.
KNA dur .. ...... .. Girod............ ....... ......... .. . ... ... .. . .. . ... .. . . . .. ... . ... .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . . .. .. . 175 160 6 F.

ir:~~:.::::::::? l~i"st~'i:if~~~~~s:s'.~'.~·::::::: ::_:i6: ::_:ii: :;:6~: :;:6ii::::i~:: i~:: :iif :::: ::::::ii6f :.:::iii: :i6.:i: f
1 Maximum.
F= French steels. A = American steels. E= English steels.