CHAPTER 5

PARTIAL
DERIVATIVES
(PD)

By: Dr Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos

Email: farhanadiyana@unimap.edu.my
Topics
Introduction
01
Small Increments & Rates of
02 Change

03 Implicit Functions

04 Chain Rule

05 Jacobian Function

06 Inverse Function for PD

07 Hessian Function

08 Stationary Point
 Introduction Notation
• Consider the following functions If
where are independent • First order
variables. partial
derivatives:
• If we differentiate f with respect variable
, then we assume that • Second order
i. as a single variable partial
ii. as constants derivatives:
 Introduction
Example 1
Write down all partial derivatives of the
following function

Solution 2nd order PD

1st order PD
 Introduction
2nd PD (mixed partial)
In Example 1, we observed that

This properties hold for all functions

provided that certain smoothness
properties are satisfies.

The mixed partial derivative must be equal

whenever f is continuous.
 Introduction
Exercise 1
Find is given
by:

(a)

(b)
 Introduction
Example 2
Write down all partial derivatives of
the following functions:
 Introduction
Solution Example 2 (ii)
 Introduction
Exercise 2
Find all second order partial derivatives of
(a)

(b)

D
D
D
 Small Increments and Rates of Change
Notation for small increment is
Let then
i. A small increment in z, is given
by

Where are small increments of the

stated variables
ii. Rate of change z wrt time, t is given
by
Small Increments and Rates of Change
Solution Example 3 Possible error of the volume:
x
z
y
Volume of rectangular box:
Possible error of the volume:
Surface Area of rectangular box:
Possible error of the volume:
D D
D
Small Increments and Rates of Change
Solution Example 3

Possible error of the surface area:

D
D
D
Small Increments and Rates of Change
Example 4
The radius r of a cylinder is increasing at
the rate of 0.2cms-1 while the height, h is
increasing at 0.5cms-1. Determine the rate
of change for its volume when r=8cm
and h =12cm.
Small Increments and Rates of Change

Answer: 1/2π m3/min

 Small Increments and Rates of Change
Exercise 3 (b)
The radius of a right cylinder is
increasing at a rate of 8 mm/s and the
height is decreasing at a rate of 15
mm/s. Find the rate at which the volume
is changing in cm3 /s when the radius is
40 mm and the height is 150 mm.

Answer: 72π cm3/s

Small Increments and Rates of Change
Exercise 3 (c)
If z = f(x, y) and z = 3x2y5, find the rate of change of z when x is 3
units and y is 2 units when x is decreasing at 5 units/s and y is
increasing at 2.5 units/s.

Answer: 2520
Thank You