ELEVATE YOUR ENGLISH

Elevate Your English First Edition
ELEVATE YOUR ENGLISH

A Comprehensive Guide to English Proficiency Test
First Edition
©2024
First Edition A Comprehensive Guide to English Proficiency Test
ELEVATE YOUR ENGLISH

A Comprehensive Guide to English Proficiency Test
© Unit Pelaksana Teknis Bahasa 2024
Penulis:
Abdul Wafi
Eva Nikmatul Rabbianty
Lasmi Febrianingrum
Moh Syafik
Fithriyah Rahmawati
Umar Bukhory
Nurul Hadi
Siti Maisaroh
Tata Letak dan Desain Cover:

Moh Syafik
Pamekasan, 2024
86 hal; 20 x 26 cm
ISBN:
Penerbit:
IAIN Madura Press
Jl. Raya Panglegur Km. 04, Pamekasan, 69371
PREFACE
Bismillahirrahmanirrahiim
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
“Mastering Foreign Language is Bridging you to

Global World of Opportunities”
Firstly, I would like to warmly welcome all students of

the Foreign Language Development Program (FLDP), all
tutors, and particularly the super team of the Language Unit
of the State Islamic Institute of Madura.
As the rector, I wish to highlight a crucial aspect in forming careers and student
success—proficiency in the English language. English is not merely a tool for
communication but a gateway to opportunities in an increasingly interconnected global
landscape. Proficiency in English is an investment in the future, providing access to
educational, research, and career prospects on an international scale.
Today, we also delve into discussions about the English proficiency test, a globally
recognized benchmark for evaluating students' linguistic capabilities. This test assesses
our grasp of listening comprehension, structure and written expression, and reading
comprehension, and also evaluates our communication skills in general, which are
essential in a global context.
I would like to emphasize the importance of earnest preparation for this English
proficiency test. Through the test, we can measure and enhance our English language
skills, unlocking opportunities for personal development, international exchange, and
participation in global collaborative projects.
In conclusion, I express gratitude to the Team of the Language Unit of the State
Islamic Institute of Madura and all tutors who have dedicated their efforts to creating
high-quality learning materials in the form of this book. It serves as a valuable resource
for students to enhance their English language proficiency and prepare themselves for
English tests. May it contribute positively to your learning journey.
Dear students of FLDP, let us face these challenges with a positive spirit and
unwavering determination. With a strong command of the English language, we not only
open doors to our futures but also contribute to the advancement and reputation of our
institution on the global stage.
Thank you for your attention and commitment. Best wishes for success in your
English language learning journey!
Wallahul Muwaffiq ila Aqwamit Tharieq

Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Pamekasan, 12 February 2024
Rector,
Dr. H. Saiful Hadi, M.Pd.
i
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious the Most Merciful
“Difficulties are given to be a challenge or a trouble: for you, difficulties are

opportunities.”
Standardizing English language proficiency is crucial in

fostering a unified understanding worldwide. It benefits
international communication, facilitates global education with
fair assessments, supports careers in global companies,
eases access to information, enhances global mobility,
advances teaching quality, and facilitates scholarly
exchanges. With these standards, individuals can more
effectively participate in an increasingly interconnected global
environment.
The book "Elevate Your English: A Comprehensive Guide to English Proficiency

Test" focuses on providing students with a comprehensive understanding of effective
strategies for tackling English language questions, particularly in English Proficiency
tests, and achieving the desired scores. Moreover, it equips students with sufficient
preparation for more advanced English language tests.
This book comprises strategies for answering questions in the English Proficiency
Test (EPT), covering listening comprehension, structure and written expression, and
reading comprehension. The book includes exercises, discussions, and answer keys for
English grammar. Through consistent practice and diligent effort, success is assured.
On behalf of the head of Language Unit, State Islamic Institute of Madura, I would
like to deliver my special thanks to FLDP Super team (Moh. Syafik, S.Pd.I., Eva Nikmatul
Rabbianty, M.Pd., Lasmi Febrianingrum, M.Pd., Fithriyah Rahmawati, M.Pd., Dr. Umar
Bukhory, MA., Dr. Nurul Hadi, Lc., M.Pd., Dr. Siti Maisaroh, Lc., M.Pd.) who work
seriously to ensure that this book is perfectly accomplished through meticulous reviewing
and checking as well as selecting interactive worksheets to facilitate fun and active
English learning by using this book. Constructive criticism, suggestions, and feedback
are still needed to make this book perfect and give more benefits in helping students
master English.
Happy learning, and good luck.
Pamekasan, 12 February 2024

Head of Language Unit
Abdul Wafi, S.S., M.Pd.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ..................................................................................................................... i
FOREWORD ............................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................. iii
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH PROFICIENCY TEST ............................................. iii
PART 1. Brief Overview of Listening Section ................................ 1

OVERVIEW OF
Directions and Example of Listening Comprehension ..... 1
LISTENING SECTION
Listening Part 1: Short Conversation .......................... 5
Practices of Short Conversation ................................... 17
Advanced Listening Strategies ..................................... 18
Practices ...................................................................... 20
Listening Part 2: Longer Conversation ..................... 21
Topics .......................................................................... 21
Types of Longer Conversation ...................................... 26
Practices ...................................................................... 31
Advanced Listening and Note-Taking Strategies .......... 33
Practices ...................................................................... 35
Listening Part 3: Monologue ..................................... 37
Monologue 1 ................................................................ 37
Strategies for Listening to Monologues ......................... 37
Practices ...................................................................... 38
Let’s Try Another Practice ............................................ 40
Monologue 2 ................................................................ 41
Practices Monologue 1 .................................................. 42
Practices Monologue 2 ................................................. 43
iii
PART 2. Brief Overview .............................................................. 45

OVERVIEW OF Directions and Example of Structure and Written
STRUCTURE AND Expression Section ....................................................... 45
WRITTEN EXPRESSION
SECTION Strategies for Doing Structure and Written Expression . 46
The Sentence Completion .......................................... 46
Tips and Tricks to help you excel in sentence completion

...................................................................................... 47
Read the Entire Sentence ............................................ 47
Identify Keywords ......................................................... 48
Look for the Context Cues ............................................ 49
Consider the Grammar and Syntax .............................. 51
Consider Synonyms and Antonyms .............................. 52
Be Mindful of Modifiers ................................................. 55
Check for Collocations .................................................. 55
Error Recognition ........................................................ 58
Focus on Subject-Verb Agreement ............................... 58
Check for Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement .................. 58
Watch for Verb Tense Consistency .............................. 59
Be Mindful of Articles .................................................... 59
Check Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases ............ 60
Practices ..................................................................... 61
Sentences Completion ................................................. 61
Error Recognition ......................................................... 63
iv
PART 3. Brief Overview of Reading Comprehension Section ..... 65

OVERVIEW OF READING Directions and Example of Reading Comprehension
COMPREHENSION
Section ......................................................................... 65
SECTION
More details about Reading Comprehension Section ... 67
Detail Overviews ......................................................... 67
Types of questions in reading comprehension section

...................................................................................... 68
Multiple-choice Questions ............................................ 68
Inference Questions ..................................................... 68
Detail Questions ........................................................... 69
Vocabulary Questions .................................................. 69
Reference Questions .................................................... 69
Function Questions ...................................................... 69
Sentence Insertion Questions ....................................... 69
Exceptions Questions ................................................... 70
Common problems faced in reading comprehension .... 70
Tips and Tricks to help you excel to answer reading

comprehension ........................................................... 71
General Tips ................................................................. 71
Special tips based on types of questions in reading

comprehension ........................................................... 71
Main Ideas .................................................................... 71
Relationship Between Paragraphs ................................ 73
Content of a Paragraph ................................................ 74
Explicit and Implicit Details ........................................... 75
Referral of a Pronoun ................................................... 77
Implications .................................................................. 77
Guess the content or information before and after

paragraph ..................................................................... 78
Word Meaning .............................................................. 79
v
Searching for Lines of Information in the text ................ 80
Let’s Practices .............................................................. 81
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 85
vi
A GLANCE ABOUT ENGLISH PROFICIENCY TEST CBT FORMAT

(COMPUTER BASED TEST)
Computer-Based Test
Computer-Based Test is a type of a test that is very similar to the Paper-Based

Test. The basic difference is that the CBT test system no longer uses paper, but uses a
computer directly. All questions use software and each question is answered/done
directly on the computer.
Computer-Based Tests initially appeared in 1998, but currently in several areas

that do not have the means to conduct Computer-Based Tests, they still use Paper-
Based Tests. In the listening session, test participants use hearing aids (headphones).
In Computer-Based Tests, test takers can see how much time they spent on each
question and how much time they still have left. Computer-Based Tests provide
instructions on how to answer questions correctly. The total time for completing the
Computer-Based Test is approximately four hours including reading the instructions.
Implementation of Computer-Based Tests at IAIN Madura
In general, the implementation of English Proficiency Test (and Arabic

Profiency Test) CBT at IAIN Madura is the same as the implementation of CBT
in general. They use computer software and each question can be
answered/done directly on the computer. However, Language Unit of Institut
Agama Islam Negeri Madura has succeeded in modifying its CBT format to
minimize the weaknesses of the previous Computer Based Test.
The advantage of CBT at Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura is that test
participants can repeat answers to previous questions provided that the test time
is still available. Apart from that, participants can immediately see the score after
the exam ends. This is done to avoid score fixing.
The following is the English Proficiency Test at Language Unit, Institut

Agama Islam Negeri Madura.
vii
Format English Proficiency Test with CBT Format
CBT – 70 Questions Total Score

Listening Comprehension Section
(25 questions)
• Short Conversation
(approx. 17-19 questions)
226
• Longer Conversation
• Monologue (Short Talk)
Structure and Written Expression Section
(20 questions)
• Structure
225
(approx. 13 - 14 questions)
• Error Identification
(approx. 6 – 7 questions)
Reading Comprehension Section
(25 questions)
• Reading Comprehension 226
(approx. 17 – 18 questions)
• Vocabulary (approx. 7 – 8 questions)
Full Score 677
Point Value for Each Question
CBT – 70 Questions Total Score

Listening Comprehension Section
(25 questions) – Approx. 9 Point/ Question
226
Structure and Written Expression Section
(20 questions) – Approx. 11-12 Point/ Question
225
Reading Comprehension Section
(25 questions) – Approx. 9 Point/ Question
226
Full Score 677
viii
PART 1
OVERVIEW OF LISTENING SECTION
A. Brief Overview of Listening Section on CBT English Proficiency Test
1. There are three types of listening section; short conversation, longer conversation, talk
and lecture
2. The questions and answers have appeared on the computer screen.
3. You can set the listening audio yourself, you can click play it from the beginning, you
can skip it, according to the conditions required.
4. The duration of each conversation appeared in the conversation menu.
5. All questions are in multiple choice form, and there is only one correct answer.
B. Directions and Example of Listening Section

1. In the Listening Section there are two types of questions, namely Short Conversation and
Longer Conversation
Short Conversation
In this part, you will hear a short conversation between two people. Each person
speaks once. There is 1 question in each conversation.
For each question, there are 4 answer choices, only one answer is the most
appropriate.
Example
The screen will display
pay attention to the display above.
1
• 00.16 on the screen shows the length of the conversation. To start a conversation, click
the play logo, and to pause, click the pause logo; You can set the volume by clicking
the speaker logo, control the volume up and down;
•
Play Pause Volume
• Back to the question no 1 above,
Example, on the audio recording you will listen:

Narrator : Now, let’s begin with the first conversation, number 1
Man : I like your new bicycle, Helen.
Woman : Thank, but it isn’t new, I have my old one repainted.
Narrator : What can be said about Helen’s bicycle?
To answer, click on the oval shape of the most appropriate answer. After that click next
page!
2
2. Longer Conversation (duration 3 – 7 minutes)
In this part, you will hear a long conversation or long monologue. After that, there are
several questions (4 – 6 questions per 1 audio recording).
The topics discussed are vary; general knowledge, the lecturer's explanation of a
course, and so on. You don't have to study a particular science to answer questions of this
type. But what is certain is that you have to answer questions according to the content of
the conversation, either implicitly or explicitly.
Each question has 4 answer choices.
Example
Narrator : Listen to the part of conversation between two classmates on college

campus.
Man : Did you understand that experiment that Bill mentioned in the group
presentation?
Woman : The one about free fall?
Man : Right, the one that was conducted on the moon.
Woman : Sure the astronaut held a hammer in one hand and a feather in the other.
Then he dropped them at the same time
Man : . . . and both of them hit the ground at the same time.
Woman : Yes, so that proves Galileo’s theory that all objects fall at the same rate in
the absence of air resistance.
Man : . . . and both of them hit the ground at the same time.
Woman : Yes, so that proves Galileo’s theory that all objects fall at the same rate in
the absence of air resistance.
Man : Okay, that was the part that was missing for me, The part about air
resistance.
Woman : Oh, well, since there is no air resistance on the moon. It is the ideal
environment for the experiment.
3
Man : That makes sense.

Woman : Actually, the part that surprised me was how much easier it is to lift the
hammer on the moon than it is on Earth because of the moon’s lower rate of
gravitational acceleration.
Man : But didn’t they say that it was just as difficult to push the hammer along the
surface when it fell?
Woman : Right again. Because gravity only governs vertical motion like lifting, but not
horizontal motion like pushing.
Man : Thanks for going over this with me.
Woman : You are welcome. I really liked the presentation. I think the group did a good
job.
After the conversation, answer the questions that follow it!
The question no 18.

18. What are the man and the woman talking about?
The correct answer was (B) an experiment referred to in a group presentation. The key point is in the
question “Did you understand that experiment that Bill mentioned in the group persentation?”
The question no 19.

19. Why is the moon an ideal environment for the experiment?
The correct answer was (A) there is no air resistance on the moon. The key point is “Oh, well, since
there is no air resistance on the moon. It is the ideal environment for the experiment.”
The way to answer is the same as before, just click the right answer then click next page.
Remember: For longer conversations, one conversation is for 2 to 6 questions. So

if you can fully understand the conversation, you can immediately answer the next
question without listening to the conversation from the beginning.
4
LISTENING PART 1
SHORT CONVERSATION
This module is a crucial component of your English proficiency preparation, designed to
enhance your ability to understand and interpret short English conversations. Short conversations
are common in everyday interactions, be it in a grocery store, at a workplace, or during a casual
chat with a friend. Mastery in comprehending these dialogues allows you to navigate these
interactions smoothly and effectively.
In this lesson, we will focus on types of comprehension questions, such as detail, main idea,
inference, and tone questions. We will discuss practical listening strategies like active listening,
predicting content, and quick note-taking. Following our discussions, we will dive into practice
sessions where you will listen to recorded short conversations and answer related questions. This
practice will be an excellent opportunity to apply your learned strategies and improve your
listening skills.
1. Listening to Sort Conversation Strategies

a. Active Listening
Definition: Active listening means giving your full attention to the audio clip. Instead of just
hearing the words, you truly listen and try to understand the meaning behind them.
Why It's Important: By actively listening, you can catch small details that might be crucial for
answering the questions correctly. Imagine the difference between casually watching a movie
and analyzing every scene – with active listening, you're doing the latter!
Example:
Audio Clip : "Yesterday, despite the pouring rain, I managed to visit the bookstore
and buy that novel everyone's been talking about."
Question : When did the speaker visit the bookstore?
If you were actively listening, you would catch the word "Yesterday" and know it is the
answer, even though the sentence continued with more details.
b. Predicting Content
Definition: This strategy involves guessing or anticipating what might be said next in the
conversation. You use clues from the question and what has already been said to do this.
Why It's Important: Predicting content helps you focus on specific parts of the conversation,
making it easier to find the answer. For example, if a question asks about a person's opinion
on a book, you can anticipate hearing words related to books and opinions.
Example:
Audio Clip : "I've been reading about the history of Batik in Java. It's fascinating
how…"
Question : What topic is the speaker discussing?
If you were predicting content, when you hear the word "history" and "Batik", you would
anticipate that the topic is related to the history of Batik in Java.
5
c. Note-taking
Definition: As the name suggests, note-taking involves writing down key points from the audio
clip. However, since the clips are usually short and the test moves quickly, your notes should
be brief and to the point.
Why It's Important: Taking notes helps you remember essential details. Think of it like having
a mini-summary that you can quickly glance at before answering a question. But remember,
practice is vital! The more you practice note-taking, the better you'll get at capturing important
points quickly.
Example:
Audio Clip: "Raisa is planning a trip to Bali next summer. She's looking forward to
visiting the beaches, trying out traditional Indonesian dishes, and attending a local
Balinese dance performance."
For this clip, quick notes might look like: "Raisa - Bali trip - summer - beaches,
Indonesian food, Balinese dance."
If a question then asks, "What activities is Raisa looking forward to in Bali?" Your notes
would easily guide you to the answer: visiting the beaches, trying traditional dishes, and
attending a Balinese dance performance.
2. Understanding the Format and Types of Questions in Listening Comprehension

There are two main format and types of questions in Listening comprehension section.
a. Comprehension Questions
Comprehension questions are designed to evaluate your ability to understand, interpret,
and analyze spoken English in a variety of contexts. These questions can range from
simple, detail-oriented queries to more complex ones that require higher-order thinking
skills, such as inferring implied meanings or deducing a speaker's attitude. Over the
course of this module, we will familiarize ourselves with various types of comprehension
questions, such as detail questions, main idea questions, inference questions, and tone
or attitude questions.
b. Detail Questions: Looking for specific information.
Detail Questions seek specific pieces of information that are directly stated in the audio
clip you listen to. When answering detailed questions, your primary task is to identify and
recall specific facts or pieces of information from the listening material. These could be
about a particular event, description, number, time, place, person, or any other explicit fact
mentioned in the dialogue or monologue.
For example, if you listen to a conversation about a museum visit, a detailed question
might be: "What time does the museum close?" or "What is the name of the exhibition they
visited?"
Keep in mind that these questions might not be asked in chronological order of the
information presented. So, always listen attentively to the entire audio clip, and practice
retrieving information from different parts of it.
6
Tips and Tricks to Answer the Detail Questions
Tips & Tricks Description
Active Listening Concentrate on the conversation or monologue, absorb as much information

as possible. Focus especially on the key words and facts mentioned.
Note-Taking If the test format allows, jot down important facts, figures, names, places,
etc., while listening. This will help you remember specifics when it's time to
answer the questions.
Identify Keywords in the Before listening to the audio, read the question if possible. Identify the
Question keywords in the question to know what information you should be listening
for.
Don't Rely on Memory Even if you have a good memory, don't solely rely on it. It can be challenging
Alone to remember all the specific details from a conversation or monologue under
test conditions.
Keep Track of Speakers In a conversation, note who says what. It's common for detailed questions to
and Topics ask for information about a specific speaker's viewpoint or actions.
Be Aware of Paraphrasing The information in the questions may not always use the exact words from
the audio clip. Be prepared for paraphrasing, and train yourself to recognize
information even when it's worded differently.
Be Prepared for Distractors Sometimes, the audio clip or the answer choices may contain distractors—
information that sounds correct but isn't. Confirm that the information you
select as your answer directly answers the question.
Practice with a Variety of Use a range of listening materials, like news reports, podcasts, interviews,
Materials and conversations. The more you practice, the better you'll get at picking out
details.
Examples
In a real proficiency test, the audio clips will be read out loud and the students would not
have a written transcript to follow along with. The ability to understand spoken English in
various accents and speeds is part of what these tests evaluate.
Question 1:
Audio Clip : "Hey, do you know that Jack's mother is organizing a surprise birthday party for
him? She asked me to help with the decorations."
Question : Who is organizing the birthday party?
a) Jack's brother
b) Jack's mother
c) Jack's friend
d) Jack himself
Question 2:
Audio Clip : "In local news, the annual charity marathon is scheduled to start at 8:30 am this
Sunday. Participants are asked to arrive an hour earlier for registration and a
brief warm-up."
Question : What is the starting time of the charity marathon?
a) 7:30 am
b) 8:30 am
c) 9:30 am
d) 10:30 am
7
Question 3:
Audio Clip : "Good morning, students. For this term's class project, we'll be delving into the
fascinating topic of Environmental Conservation. I look forward to your unique
insights and presentations."
Questions : What is the topic of the class project?
a) Environmental Conservation
b) The French Revolution
c) The Solar System
d) Contemporary Art
Question 4:
Audio Clip : "Attention, library patrons. Due to some maintenance work, the library will be
closing early at 4 pm on Wednesday and Thursday this week. We apologize for
any inconvenience."
Questions : On what days will the library close early?
a) Monday and Tuesday
b) Wednesday and Thursday
c) Friday and Saturday
d) Sunday and Monday
Question 5:
Audio Clip : "Welcome back to our podcast. Today, we're discussing the rise of electric cars.
One of the major advantages of these vehicles is their minimal impact on the
environment, making them a more sustainable option for the future of
transportation."
Questions : According to the podcast, what is one of the major advantages of electric cars?
a) They are faster than conventional cars
b) They are more affordable
c) They are better for the environment
d) They have a longer lifespan
c. Main Idea Questions: Identifying the Main Theme or General Point

Main Idea Questions ask the test-taker to identify the main theme or overall point of
the audio clip they have listened to. These questions test the ability to understand the
general content and central message of what was said, rather than focusing on specific
details. Understanding the main idea of a conversation or monologue is crucial as it
provides context to all the other details and specific points made during the conversation.
It's like the big picture or the overall summary of the conversation.
The ability to identify the main idea in a listening comprehension task is a key skill
assessed in English proficiency tests. These strategies will aid in discerning the main idea
quickly and accurately.
8
Tips and Tricks to Answer Main Ideas Questions

Active Listening Pay attention to the audio clip, focusing on the overall theme and
main points rather than getting caught up in specific details.
Identify the Topic Listen for the topic that is being discussed. It is often stated at
the beginning of the conversation or monologue.
Consider All Speakers In a multi-speaker conversation, the main idea should
encompass all speakers' inputs. Don't focus solely on one
speaker.
Summarize the Content After listening to the audio clip, try to summarize it in one or two
sentences. This can help you identify the main idea.
Look for Repetition If a point is repeated or referred to in different ways throughout
the audio clip, it's likely to be related to the main idea.
Beware of Distractors Be careful not to be led astray by 'red herrings' - information that
may seem important but doesn't relate to the main idea.
Practice with Different Audio Practicing with a variety of audio sources like podcasts, news
Sources reports, and lectures can improve your ability to quickly identify
main ideas in different contexts.
Let's go into more detail with some examples for each point.
● Look for the Big Picture: Imagine you are listening to a dialogue between two friends
discussing their favorite books. They mention specific titles, authors, and even parts of
the books they like. However, the main idea is not any specific book or author they
mentioned but rather the broader topic of "favorite books and their impact on the two
friends".
● It's Often Stated at the Beginning or End: Consider a monologue where the speaker
begins by saying, "Today, I want to talk about the importance of healthy eating." They
may discuss various foods, meal plans, and health benefits, but the main idea is
introduced right at the beginning - "the importance of healthy eating".
● Consider All Speakers: Suppose you hear a conversation between three friends
discussing a recent movie they've watched. One friend talks about the plot, the second
talks about the acting, and the third about the special effects. Even though they are
discussing different aspects, the main idea involves all speakers - it's about the "friends'
views on a recent movie".
● Avoid Getting Caught up in Details: In a lecture about climate change, the speaker might
mention various details such as rising sea levels, increasing temperatures, melting ice
caps, and endangered species. While these details are important, they all serve to
illustrate the main idea which is "the impacts of climate change".
Remember, the main idea is the overall theme that ties all these specific details
together. Being able to understand the main idea is a crucial skill for both English
proficiency tests and everyday communication. This is because the main idea provides a
context within which to understand and interpret the details of the conversation. By
grasping the main idea, you can respond effectively to both the main idea questions and
detailed questions in a listening test. It's like having a map before embarking on a journey;
you have an overview of the landscape, which helps you navigate the terrain more
effectively.
9
Examples
In a real proficiency test, the audio clips will be read out loud and the students would
not have a written transcript to follow along with. The ability to understand spoken English in
Question 1 (Multiple Choice):
Audio Clip Script : "Our local library is planning to extend its opening hours during exam periods to
help students who need extra study time. This change will start next month."
Questions : What is the main idea of the conversation?
a) The library is closing down.
b) The library is extending its opening hours for exam periods.
c) The library is reducing its opening hours.
d) The library is moving to a new location.
Audio Clip Script : "We've been discussing the importance of regular physical activity in the last
few sessions. In today's class, we will look at different types of exercises and
their benefits."
Questions : What is the main idea of the speaker's statement?
a) The speaker will discuss the disadvantages of physical activity.
b) The speaker will discuss different types of exercises and their benefits.
c) The speaker will discuss diet and nutrition.
d) The speaker will discuss the benefits of sedentary lifestyle.
Audio Clip Script : "In today's meeting, we'll discuss the rising costs of raw materials, which are
affecting our production line. We need to find an effective solution to this
problem."
Questions : What is the main point of the upcoming meeting?
a) To discuss hiring new staff.
b) To discuss the reduction in the costs of raw materials.
c) To discuss the impact of rising costs of raw materials on production.
d) To discuss the effectiveness of the current production line.
Question 4 (True/False):
Audio Clip Script : "Today's podcast episode is all about the increasing popularity of online
shopping. We will discuss its convenience, the vast selection of products, and
the challenges consumers face."
T/F Question : "The audio clip suggests that online shopping is losing popularity."
Audio Clip Script : “This weekend, our community will be holding a cleanup drive at the local park.
The goal is to raise awareness about the importance of keeping our
environment clean and healthy."
T/F Question : "The audio clip indicates that the community will be holding a sports event at
the local park this weekend."
10
Tips and Tricks to Answer Main Ideas Questions

Active Listening Pay attention to the audio clip, focusing on the overall theme and
main points rather than getting caught up in specific details.
Identify the Topic Listen for the topic that is being discussed. It is often stated at
the beginning of the conversation or monologue.
Consider All Speakers In a multi-speaker conversation, the main idea should
encompass all speakers' inputs. Don't focus solely on one
speaker.
Summarize the Content After listening to the audio clip, try to summarize it in one or two
sentences. This can help you identify the main idea.
Look for Repetition If a point is repeated or referred to in different ways throughout
the audio clip, it's likely to be related to the main idea.
Beware of Distractors Be careful not to be led astray by 'red herrings' - information that
may seem important but doesn't relate to the main idea.
Practice with Different Audio Practicing with a variety of audio sources like podcasts, news
Sources reports, and lectures can improve your ability to quickly identify
main ideas in different contexts.
Let's go into more detail with some examples for each point.
● Look for the Big Picture: Imagine you are listening to a dialogue between two friends
discussing their favorite books. They mention specific titles, authors, and even parts of
the books they like. However, the main idea is not any specific book or author they
mentioned but rather the broader topic of "favorite books and their impact on the two
friends".
● It's Often Stated at the Beginning or End: Consider a monologue where the speaker
begins by saying, "Today, I want to talk about the importance of healthy eating." They
may discuss various foods, meal plans, and health benefits, but the main idea is
introduced right at the beginning - "the importance of healthy eating".
● Consider All Speakers: Suppose you hear a conversation between three friends
discussing a recent movie they've watched. One friend talks about the plot, the second
talks about the acting, and the third about the special effects. Even though they are
discussing different aspects, the main idea involves all speakers - it's about the "friends'
views on a recent movie".
● Avoid Getting Caught up in Details: In a lecture about climate change, the speaker might
mention various details such as rising sea levels, increasing temperatures, melting ice
caps, and endangered species. While these details are important, they all serve to
illustrate the main idea which is "the impacts of climate change".
Remember, the main idea is the overall theme that ties all these specific details
together. Being able to understand the main idea is a crucial skill for both English
proficiency tests and everyday communication. This is because the main idea provides a
context within which to understand and interpret the details of the conversation. By
grasping the main idea, you can respond effectively to both the main idea questions and
detailed questions in a listening test. It's like having a map before embarking on a journey;
you have an overview of the landscape, which helps you navigate the terrain more
effectively.
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Examples
Audio Clip Script : "Our local library is planning to extend its opening hours during exam periods to
help students who need extra study time. This change will start next month."
Questions : What is the main idea of the conversation?
a) The library is closing down.
b) The library is extending its opening hours for exam periods.
c) The library is reducing its opening hours.
d) The library is moving to a new location.
Audio Clip Script : "We've been discussing the importance of regular physical activity in the last
few sessions. In today's class, we will look at different types of exercises and
their benefits."
Questions : What is the main idea of the speaker's statement?
a) The speaker will discuss the disadvantages of physical activity.
b) The speaker will discuss different types of exercises and their benefits.
c) The speaker will discuss diet and nutrition.
d) The speaker will discuss the benefits of sedentary lifestyle.
Audio Clip Script : "In today's meeting, we'll discuss the rising costs of raw materials, which are
affecting our production line. We need to find an effective solution to this
problem."
Questions : What is the main point of the upcoming meeting?
a) To discuss hiring new staff.
b) To discuss the reduction in the costs of raw materials.
c) To discuss the impact of rising costs of raw materials on production.
d) To discuss the effectiveness of the current production line.
Audio Clip Script : "Today's podcast episode is all about the increasing popularity of online
shopping. We will discuss its convenience, the vast selection of products, and
the challenges consumers face."
T/F Question : "The audio clip suggests that online shopping is losing popularity."
Audio Clip Script : “This weekend, our community will be holding a cleanup drive at the local park.
The goal is to raise awareness about the importance of keeping our
environment clean and healthy."
T/F Question : "The audio clip indicates that the community will be holding a sports event at
the local park this weekend."
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d. Inference Questions: Making Deductions Based on the Conversation

Inference questions are designed to assess your ability to make logical deductions or
assumptions based on the information provided in the audio clip. In other words, you're not
just listening for direct or explicitly stated information, but also for implied ideas or concepts
that aren't directly stated. You might need to interpret the speaker's tone of voice, their choice
of words, or the context of the discussion to make educated guesses about what they mean
or feel.
Inference questions might ask you to understand the speaker's purpose, attitude, or
opinion, or they might require you to predict what will happen next based on the information
given. For instance, if a speaker expresses dissatisfaction with their current job and talks about
looking at job ads, you might be asked to infer that the speaker is considering changing jobs.
Unlike detail or main idea questions, inference questions do not have answers that are
clearly stated in the audio clip. The correct answers to these questions rely on your
understanding of the conversation or monologue as a whole, as well as your ability to draw
conclusions based on this understanding. Therefore, practicing inference questions can
significantly improve your overall listening skills, helping you become a more active and critical
listener.
The following table provides valuable tips and strategies to effectively answer these
questions. With consistent practice, you'll be well-equipped to ace this type of questions on
your English proficiency test.
Tips and Tricks to Answer Inference Questions
Tips and Strategies Explanation

Listen for Implied Information Inference questions require you to understand what the
speaker is implying, not just what they are directly saying. Pay
close attention to their tone, choice of words, and any hints or
suggestions they might make.
Understand the Context The context in which something is said can provide valuable
clues. Understand the situation, setting, and the relationship
between the speakers to help you make logical inferences.
Use Background Knowledge Your own knowledge and understanding of a subject matter
can help you infer meaning. If a speaker mentions something
that relates to a topic you're familiar with, use that knowledge
to assist you.
Consider the Speaker's Perspective The speaker's point of view or perspective can provide clues.
Consider their possible motives, attitudes, and opinions when
trying to infer meaning.
Take Notes If the test allows, take brief notes as you listen. These can help
you remember key points and make more accurate inferences.
Do not Jump to Conclusions Inference doesn't mean guessing. It's about making a logical
deduction based on the information provided. Avoid jumping to
conclusions without sufficient evidence from the audio clip.
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Examples
Question 1:
Audio Clip : "I've been training really hard over the past few months for the upcoming
marathon."
Questions : Fill in the blank: The speaker has been ______ for the upcoming marathon.
a) resting
b) training hard
c) avoiding preparation
d) eating a lot
Question 2:
Audio Clip : "Given how late we stayed up last night watching the movie marathon, I'm not
surprised we overslept."
True or False : The speaker and their companion stayed up late, which led to them
oversleeping.
Answer: True / False
Question 3:
Audio Clip : "Ever since I started working the night shift, I've been drinking way more coffee
than I used to."
Questions : Fill in the blank: The speaker started ________ causing them to drink more
coffee.
a) working the night shift
b) going to the gym
c) a new diet
d) attending morning classes
Question 4:
Audio Clip : "Sarah's always been afraid of public speaking, but she did a great job with her
presentation today."
True or False : Despite her fear of public speaking, Sarah was successful in delivering her
presentation.
Answer: True / False
Question 5:
Audio Clip : "I've been trying to eat healthier, so I'm swapping out fast food lunches for
homemade salads."
Questions : Fill in the blank: To eat healthier, the speaker is replacing fast food with
_______.
a) sandwiches
b) homemade salads
c) fruits
d) smoothies
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e. Tone/Attitude Questions: Interpreting the speaker's emotions or attitudes.

When it comes to evaluating your proficiency in understanding spoken English, a crucial
component is the ability to interpret a speaker's tone and attitude. These questions go beyond
mere words, delving into the emotional nuances and perspectives conveyed through speech.
Definition:
The tone encapsulates the mood or emotional quality expressed by the speaker, be it
happiness, anger, sarcasm, or excitement, among others. On the other hand, the attitude
reflects a speaker's personal stance or viewpoint on the subject they're addressing—whether
they approach it with optimism, pessimism, neutrality, or criticism.
Examples:
1. How does the speaker feel about the upcoming event?
2. Which word best captures the speaker's tone regarding the announcement?
Tips and Tricks:
Tips Description
Listen for Vocal Focus on elements like the speaker's intonation, pitch, and emphasis. They
Cues often reveal emotions or viewpoints.
Words like "unfortunately", "luckily", or
Note Key Words "surprisingly" can hint at the speaker's
attitude.
Understand the broader scenario of

the conversation. It can provide
Context is Crucial
valuable insights into the speaker's
tone.
Avoid Personal Base your interpretation on the speaker's words and tone, not your personal
Bias feelings or beliefs about the topic.
Expose yourself to diverse accents, speaking speeds, and contexts to better
Practice Regularly
discern tone and attitude.
Illustrative Example:
Audio Clip Script : "Frankly, I had high hopes for this project. But seeing the end results?
It is been a tad underwhelming."
Question : What is the speaker's attitude toward the project's outcomes?
Answering Strategy:
From the word "Frankly" and the phrase "a tad underwhelming", it's clear that the
speaker had expectations that weren't met. The tone isn't overtly negative but indicates
disappointment. Hence, the correct answer would be: Disappointed. In essence, mastering
tone and attitude interpretation equips you for the proficiency test and life's interactions. It's
not just about understanding words, but the emotions and sentiments behind them.
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Examples.
Question 1:
Audio Script : "I'm truly elated to see so many young Indonesians showing a renewed passion
for learning the Qur'an."
Question : How does the speaker feel about the younger generation's interest in the
Qur'an?
a) Indifferent
b) Disappointed
c) Elated
d) Concerned
Answer: Elated
Question 2:
Audio Script : "Being a young entrepreneur in Jakarta is not without its challenges, yet there
remains a glimmer of hope."
True or False : The speaker feels pessimistic about being a young entrepreneur in Jakarta.
Answer: False
Question 3:
Audio Script : "In this month of Ramadan, it's imperative for us to elevate our worship
and acts of kindness."
Question : Which sentiment best represents the speaker's view of Ramadan?
a) Indifference
b) Reverence
c) Detachment
d) Skepticism
Answer: Reverence
Question 4:
Audio Script : "Why are the roads in Bali always congested during the holidays? There has to
be a solution!"
Fill in the blank : The speaker feels ___________ about Bali's holiday traffic situation.
Answer: Frustated
Question 5:
Audio Script : "Despite life's numerous trials, I firmly believe that Allah is always with
us."
Question : Which word best describes the speaker's attitude towards life's challenges?
a) Defeated
b) Resilient
c) Ambivalent
d) Cynical
Answer: Resilient
Question 5:
Audio Script : "After praying at the Istiqlal Mosque, my heart feels much more at peace."
True or False : The speaker found tranquility after his visit to the Istiqlal Mosque.
Answer: True
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PRACTICES
LISTENING TEST INSTRUCTIONS:

Listen to each conversation by scanning the provided barcode. Each audio will be
played only once. After listening, choose the best answer for the given question. Read
all the options thoroughly before selecting. Trust your instincts if unsure, and remember
to answer every question. Good luck!
1. Audio Clip:
a) Generosity and discipline

b) Patience and empathy
c) Respect and kindness
d) Trust and honesty
2. Audio Clip
a) Water consumption
b) Air pollution
c) Plastic usage
d) Noise pollution
3. Audio Clip:
a) Batik painting
b) Wayang kulit
c) Angklung music
d) Kecak dance
4. Audio Clip:
a) Intelligence
b) Wealth
c) Manners
d) Leadership
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5. Audio Clip:
a) Bali
b) Borneo
c) Java
d) Sumatra
ADVANCED LISTENING STRATEGIES
01 Understanding Idiomatic Expressions and Colloquial Language
Definition: Idiomatic expressions are set phrases where the entire meaning is different
from the literal meaning of the individual words. Colloquial language consists of informal
expressions and slang often specific to a region or group.
Significance: Engaging with native speakers or consuming authentic English content will
frequently expose learners to these expressions. They're pivotal for true language
fluency and make interactions more natural.
Examples:
a. Idiomatic Expression: "Bite the bullet" – This doesn't mean literally biting a
bullet. It means to face a challenging situation with courage.
b. Colloquial Expression: "Wanna grab a bite?" – Here, "wanna" is a colloquial
contraction of "want to", and "grab a bite" informally means to get something to
eat.
c. Idiomatic Expression: "The ball is in your court" – This means someone has
passed the responsibility for something to you.
d. Colloquial Expression: "I'm beat" – This means "I'm very tired."
Tips for Mastery: Engage with diverse media sources, from books to podcasts. When
faced with a puzzling expression, use context clues to guess its meaning. Keep a
dedicated notebook for idioms and colloquial phrases and review them periodically.
02 Interpreting Tone and Mood
Definition: The tone reflects the speaker's attitude or emotions about the subject. In
contrast, mood indicates the atmosphere or emotional setting.
Significance: Tone and mood play crucial roles in grasping the underlying sentiments
and intentions behind words. They add layers of depth to spoken content.
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Examples:
Statement 1 : "What a lovely surprise!" If this is exclaimed with a joyful tone, it indicates
genuine happiness. However, if it's said in a sarcastic manner, it
suggests the speaker might not find the surprise pleasant at all.
Statement 2 : "We will see." When said with a neutral tone, it might mean the speaker
is genuinely considering something. If it's uttered with a dismissive tone,
it could mean the speaker is politely declining or rejecting an idea.
Statement 3 : "You came." If expressed with warmth and softness, it's welcoming. But,
with a cold, flat tone, it could indicate disappointment or disapproval.
Tips for Mastery: Regularly listen to dialogues in movies or shows to understand varied
tones. Note the context and the emotional cues. When practicing listening, occasionally
close your eyes to heighten your auditory senses, making it easier to pick up subtle tonal
shifts.
Advanced Definition & Examples Tips for Mastery
Listening Strategy Significance
Understanding Phrases with "Bite the bullet" Engage with diverse

Idiomatic & meanings different (Face a challenge); media; Note and
Colloquial from literal words; "Wanna grab a review expressions
Expressions Informal bite?" (Want to eat) regularly.
expressions/ slang.
Crucial for fluency.
Interpreting Tone Tone: Speaker's "What a lovely Listen to varied

and Mood attitude. Mood: surprise!" dialogues; Focus on
Emotional setting. (Joyful/Sarcastic); context and emotional
Adds depth to "We'll see." cues.
understanding. (Considering/Rejecti
ng); "You came."
(Warm/Cold)
Remember, language is not just about words and grammar. It's a blend of culture,
emotions, and shared experiences. Recognizing idiomatic and colloquial expressions,
and interpreting tone and mood, enhances one's ability to communicate effectively and
empathetically. It moves learners from mere language proficiency to true fluency.
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PRACTICE
1. Conversation 1:
a) Indifferent
b) Enlightened
c) Bored
d) Overwhelmed
2. Conversation 2:
a) Mocking
b) Admiring
c) Concerned
d) Confused
3. Conversation 3:
a) It's sad.
b) It's inspirational.
c) It's entertaining.
d) It's confusing.
4. Conversation 4:
a) Impressed
b) Disappointed
c) Neutral
d) Surprised
5. Conversation 5:
a) She's against it.

b) She's supportive.
c) She's indifferent.
d) She's confused.
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LISTENING PART 2
LONGER CONVERSATION
Longer conversations in English refer to extended dialogues that happen between
two or more participants, usually lasting for several minutes or even hours. These
conversations go beyond basic greetings or casual chit-chat and delve into more in-
depth, meaningful exchanges. They might revolve around a variety of topics or themes
and could occur in numerous contexts, both personal and professional.
A TOPICS
a. Professional Meeting
Manager : "Good morning everyone, thank you for joining me today. I wanted to
discuss the progress of our current project. As you all know, we are
scheduled to finish in two weeks, but there are still several tasks that
need to be completed."
Team Member 1 : "Yes, our team has been struggling with the data analysis part of the
project. The data we have received from the client was incomplete, and
it's taking longer than expected to rectify it."
Manager : "I see. Do we have a plan for how we're going to tackle this issue?"
Team Member 2 : "We're in touch with the client to get the missing data. Meanwhile, we're
working on the sections we can complete with the data we have."
In this extended dialogue, the team is not just exchanging greetings or simple
information. They are discussing a complex problem, analyzing its reasons, and planning
potential solutions. The conversation requires the participants to actively listen, interpret,
and respond to each other's inputs.
b. Academic Discussion
Professor : "In today's seminar, we're going to explore the themes present in
Orwell's '1984'. Who would like to start by sharing their thoughts on the
role of surveillance in the novel?"
Student 1 : "Well, Orwell's depiction of surveillance is quite oppressive. The
concept of 'Big Brother' creates a society where everyone is constantly
being watched, which leads to a loss of personal freedom and privacy."
Student 2 : "I agree, and I think the idea of surveillance also extends to the theme
of control and manipulation. The Party doesn't just watch the people; it
also controls their actions, their thoughts, even their history."
This academic conversation involves a deep dive into the novel's themes, requiring
the students to critically analyze the text, interpret its meanings, and express their
viewpoints. The conversation could go on for an extended duration, with more students
joining in and discussing other related themes and aspects of the novel.
21
c. Social Conversation
Friend 1 : "Did you watch the latest season of 'Stranger Things'? I feel like the
characters have really evolved this time."
Friend 2 : "I did! I was particularly impressed with Eleven's character development.
She's not just dealing with her supernatural abilities, but also typical
teenage problems. It's an interesting contrast."
Friend 1 : "Absolutely, the writers have done a great job showing her growth. And it's
not just Eleven; even the other characters have had their share of
development."
In this longer conversation, the friends are discussing a TV series in detail,

examining various aspects like character development, plot progression, and narrative
techniques. The discussion is more in-depth than casual talk, involving interpretation of
the series and expression of personal opinions. These examples illustrate how longer
conversations involve more detailed and complex exchanges of information, ideas, and
opinions, requiring good listening skills to follow and participate in the conversation
effectively.
d. Deep Discussions
Deep discussions often involve intricate and nuanced exchanges on subjects such
as philosophy, politics, science, literature, or personal experiences. These dialogues
require a high degree of concentration and an understanding of specific vocabulary and
context to follow the conversation effectively.
Example:
Aisha : You know, Ali, I've been diving into existentialism recently. It's fascinating
how thinkers like Sartre believed that existence precedes essence,
suggesting that we're born without a predetermined purpose and must
create our own.
Ali : Ah, existentialism. It's indeed an intriguing philosophy. It essentially posits
that individuals are free and responsible agents, right? Determining their
own development through acts of their will.
Aisha : Exactly. It contrasts sharply with essentialism, which claims that there's an
inherent essence or set of characteristics that define us. Existentialism, on
the other hand, emphasizes our freedom to define who we are. But with
that freedom comes a burden of choice and the anxiety of making those
choices.
Ali : True. Kierkegaard, often considered the first existentialist philosopher,
talked about that anxiety. He believed that it stems from our freedom of
choice and our confrontation with the vast possibilities of existence. It's
both liberating and paralyzing.
Aisha : Right. And this leads to the concept of "bad faith" introduced by Sartre. He
believed that many people live in denial of their freedom, falling into
societal roles to avoid the anguish of responsibility. By doing so, they're
not living authentically.
22
Ali : That's an astute observation. But one could argue, does living
authentically, fully embracing existential freedom, lead to happiness? Or
does it merely lead to a life filled with constant introspection and possible
regret?
Aisha : That's the dilemma, isn't it? The existentialists never promised happiness,
just a genuine, authentic existence. It's up to us to decide if that authenticity
is worth the accompanying struggles.
Questions:
1. What philosophy contrasts sharply with existentialism, as mentioned in the conversation?

2. Based on the conversation, how does Ali feel about the concept of existential freedom
leading to constant introspection and possible regret?
3. How does Aisha seem to view the existentialist belief about living authentically versus
societal expectations?
e. Negotiations
In a negotiation setting, participants engage in a discussion with the objective of
reaching a mutual agreement or resolution. This could happen in a business, political, or
personal context. The language used in these discussions is often persuasive, aiming to
convince the other party to agree to certain conditions or terms.
Example:
Setting
A meeting room in a modern office building.
Participants:
Rahmad : Representative of an Indonesian tech startup.
Fatin : Representative from a venture capital firm.
Rahmad : Good afternoon, Fatin. Thanks for meeting. We're growing rapidly and
believe partnering with your firm could help us further. However, the $2
million for 20% stake seems low given our potential.
Fatin : I understand your perspective, Rahmad. But we need to be sure of the
valuation. What are your revenue projections?
Rahmad : We anticipate $1.5 million next year and $3 million the year after. With the
partnerships we're building, I'm confident we can exceed these numbers.
Fatin : Those are strong projections. How about a $2.5 million investment for an
18% stake?
Rahmad : Would you consider $2.5 million for 15%? It better aligns with our valuation.
Fatin : We can do 15% for $2.5 million, but we'd like a seat on your board.
Rahmad : That's fair. Let's draft an agreement.
Questions:
1. What was the initial stake Fatin's firm offered for a $2 million investment?
2. Why is Rahmad confident about their revenue projections?
3. What additional condition did Fatin ask for after agreeing to Rahmad's terms?
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f. Interviews
In an interview, one party asks a series of questions to another party. This can
occur in various scenarios, such as job interviews, journalistic interviews, or academic
interviews. The language used is often formal and precise, and understanding the
questions and responses requires careful listening.
Examples:
Setting
A modern office room with panoramic views of Jakarta's skyline
Participants:
Dian : Hiring manager at a leading Indonesian e-commerce platform
Ari : Candidate for the senior data analyst position
Dian : Good morning, Ari. Thank you for coming in today.

Ari : Good morning, Dian. I appreciate the opportunity to interview for this role.
Dian : Let's start. Can you share a bit about your experience with data analytics,
especially in the e-commerce sector?
Ari : Certainly. I spent the last three years with XYZ Tech as their lead data
analyst. I managed a team where we focused on user behavior analysis,
aiming to understand shopping patterns and optimize our marketing
strategies. We worked closely with the marketing and sales departments,
ensuring our insights drove actionable results.
Dian : Impressive. How familiar are you with machine learning algorithms,
particularly in predicting customer purchasing behaviors?
Ari : I've had hands-on experience in that area. At XYZ Tech, we implemented
a machine learning model to predict which products a user is likely to
purchase next. This helped our marketing team to personalize promotional
content, resulting in a 15% increase in sales over six months.
Dian : That's a significant achievement. How do you handle situations where
stakeholders may question or doubt the data you present?
Ari : It's crucial to be transparent. I always ensure that my team and I double-
check our findings. When presenting to stakeholders, we lay out our
methodology, the data sources, and any limitations. If doubts persist, I
believe in having a collaborative approach, working together to address
concerns and ensure everyone's on board.
Dian : Excellent approach, Ari. We value transparency here. Thank you for
sharing. We'll be in touch soon.
Ari : Thank you, Dian. Looking forward to the possibility of contributing to your
team.
Possible Questions:
1. Where did Ari previously work and what was his role?
2. How did Ari's machine learning model impact the sales at XYZ Tech?
3. What is Ari's approach when stakeholders question the data?
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g. Debates
Debates are structured forms of dialogue where participants express opposing
views about a particular topic. Each speaker has a set amount of time to present their
arguments and counterarguments. The language used is often persuasive and
argumentative.
Example:
Setting
A well-lit auditorium with an audience. A timer is set to ensure each participant speaks only for
their allotted time.
Participants
Siti : Advocate for traditional markets.
Raka : Advocate for e-commerce platforms.
Moderator : Good evening, everyone. We have Siti and Raka here to debate on
the relevance and importance of traditional markets in the age of e-
commerce in Indonesia. Each will have 2 minutes for their initial
arguments, followed by 1 minute each for counterarguments. Siti, the
floor is yours.
Siti (standing up) : Thank you. Traditional markets are the backbone of our country. They
reflect our culture, traditions, and the spirit of entrepreneurship. The
experience of buying fresh produce, bargaining, and the human
connection can never be replicated online. Moreover, they provide
employment to millions and support local economies. Without them,
we risk losing a significant part of our heritage.
Raka (taking over) : While I respect the cultural significance of traditional markets, we
cannot ignore the digital revolution. E-commerce platforms offer
convenience. You can shop anytime, anywhere, without the
limitations of time or location. Moreover, these platforms give local
sellers a national or even global audience. There's transparency in
pricing, and the return policies ensure customer trust.
Siti (counterarguing) : I agree e-commerce provides convenience, but at what cost? There
are concerns over data privacy, digital frauds, and let's not forget, not
everyone has access to the internet or digital payment methods.
Traditional markets are inclusive and cater to all sections of the
society.
Raka (responding) : Digital literacy and access are growing rapidly in Indonesia. E-
commerce platforms are investing heavily in securing their platforms.
Plus, they're offering multiple payment methods, including cash on
delivery, to cater to a wider audience. The future is digital, and we
should embrace it while finding ways to preserve our traditions.
Moderator : Thank you both for your insightful arguments. This debate highlights
the importance of balancing tradition with progress.
Questions:
1. Comprehension: What is Siti's primary argument in favor of traditional markets?
2. What advantages of e-commerce platforms does Raka mention?
3. According to Raka, how are e-commerce platforms ensuring they cater to a wider
audience in Indonesia?
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Type of Conversation Definition/Context Example

Longer Conversations Extended dialogues between two or Manager and team
more participants discussing in-depth, discussing a project's
meaningful exchanges. progress.
Academic Discussion Deep dive into specific themes or topics, Professor and students
often requiring critical analysis and discussing themes in
expression of viewpoints. Orwell's "1984".
Social Conversation Detailed and complex exchanges about Friends discussing
personal interests, media, or character development
experiences. in a TV series.
Deep Discussions Nuanced exchanges on intricate Two individuals
subjects like philosophy or personal discussing political
experiences. implications of a recent
policy.
Negotiations Discussions aiming to reach a mutual Business partners
agreement or resolution. discussing terms of a
new deal.
Interviews One party question another in formal An HR representative
scenarios, e.g., job or journalistic interviewing a job
contexts. candidate.
Debates Structured dialogues expressing Two politicians debating
opposing views on a topic. on national television.
Topic-Based Conversations centered on a specific Colleagues discussing
Discussion subject or event. a recent marketing
campaign.
Understanding longer conversations in English involves not just interpreting the

language used, but also understanding the context, the cultural nuances, and the
purpose of the dialogue. In doing so, students can build on their listening skills and gain
a more comprehensive understanding of the language.
B TYPES OF LONGER CONVERSATIONS
In the context of an English proficiency test that assesses listening skills, it's crucial
to differentiate between various kinds of longer conversations. This distinction aids in
understanding the context, tone, vocabulary, and intent of the speakers. Let's delve into
the differences:
Professional vs. Personal Conversations
Professional Conversations: These discussions take place in a work, academic, or formal

setting. The focus is often on tasks, projects, studies, or work-related subjects. The
language is more structured, and the tone is formal. For example, a meeting about
quarterly sales figures or a university lecture.
Personal Conversations: These involve casual or intimate discussions between friends,

family, or acquaintances. Topics can range from daily events, feelings, experiences to
personal opinions. The tone is informal, and the language is relaxed. For instance, a chat
about weekend plans or a family member sharing a personal experience.
26
Formal vs. Informal Conversations
Formal Conversations: As the name suggests, these conversations adhere to standard

language rules and are devoid of slang or colloquialisms. They are often seen in official
settings like business meetings, official ceremonies, or academic lectures. The emphasis
is on clarity and precision.
Informal Conversations: These are relaxed discussions where colloquial language,

slang, idioms, and phrasal verbs are common. It's the kind of conversation you'd have
with friends at a cafe or with family at home. The tone is relaxed, and there might be
regional linguistic nuances.
Scripted vs. Unscripted Conversations
Scripted Conversations: These are pre-written dialogues often used in plays, movies, or
certain presentations. The language is rehearsed, and there's little to no spontaneous
deviation from the written script. For proficiency tests, this type of dialogue can be used
to assess the listener's understanding of more polished and precise language.
Unscripted Conversations: These are spontaneous dialogues without any pre-set script.
They are natural and showcase real-life language use, including hesitations, corrections,
and sometimes even incomplete sentences. An example could be a spontaneous debate
or a street interview. For proficiency tests, this helps assess a student's ability to
comprehend real-life, on-the-fly English.
For those preparing for an English proficiency test, recognizing the nature of the
conversation can provide crucial context. This context will aid in understanding the
content, adjusting expectations regarding the language used, and interpreting the
underlying intentions or emotions of the speakers.
C STRUCTURE OF LONGER CONVERSATIONS
Structure of Longer Conversations
Understanding the structure of longer conversations can significantly enhance

one's comprehension and engagement levels. Whether it's an informal chat or a more
structured professional meeting, most long conversations tend to have a recognizable
beginning, middle, and end. Let's delve deeper into this structure:
1. Introduction
The introduction sets the stage for the conversation. It establishes the topic or
purpose of the conversation, introduces the participants, and provides any necessary
background information. The tone and nature of the introduction can hint at the formality
or informality of the forthcoming conversation.
27
Example:
In a business meeting, the introduction might involve a manager saying, "Good morning,
everyone. Thank you for being here. Today, we're here to discuss the launch strategy for our new
product."
2. Main Body
This is the core of the conversation, where the primary topics or points are
discussed in detail. Depending on the nature of the conversation, there might be a back-
and-forth between participants, presentations of ideas, disagreements, and resolutions.
Within the main body, several sub-topics might emerge, and each may have its
introductory statement, elaboration, and concluding remark.
Example:
Continuing with the business meeting scenario, the main body might involve different team
members presenting their research, discussing marketing strategies, addressing potential
challenges, and brainstorming solutions. Each segment of the discussion might have its ebb and
flow.
3. Conclusion or Closing Remarks
The conversation typically wraps up with a conclusion, summarizing the main

points discussed, decisions made, or future action steps. The conclusion provides
closure and ensures all participants have a clear understanding of the outcome of the
conversation.
Example
At the end of the business meeting, the manager might conclude with, "To sum up, we've agreed
on a phased launch for our product starting next month. Marketing will finalize the campaign
details, and production will ensure we meet the launch timelines. Let's reconvene next week for
updates."
Why is this structure important in English proficiency tests? For test-takers,

understanding this inherent structure in conversations can assist in anticipating what
might come next. Recognizing when a conversation is shifting from the introduction to
the main body or nearing its conclusion can help listeners focus their attention and better
capture key details. Furthermore, it allows them to categorize information and retain it
effectively. In summary, longer conversations, much like written texts, have a discernible
structure. Recognizing and understanding this structure can significantly enhance a
listener's comprehension, especially in the context of an English proficiency test.
4. Components
Highlight the components of longer conversations such as greetings, introductions,

exchanging viewpoints, negotiation and resolution, summarization, and goodbyes.
Longer conversations in the English language, whether formal or informal, usually follow
certain patterns and incorporate specific components. Recognizing these components
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can assist listeners in navigating the flow of conversation and understanding its
progression. Here's a breakdown:
1. Greetings
This is the initial phase of most conversations where participants acknowledge each other. It
sets the tone for the interaction.
Example : "Hello, John!", "Good morning, everyone!", or "Hi, how have you been?"
2. Introductions
If the participants are not familiar with each other, or if there's a specific purpose to the
meeting, this is where participants introduce themselves or the reason for the conversation is
established.
Example : "I'm Lisa, the new HR manager." or "Thank you for joining today's webinar on
climate change."
3. Exchanging Viewpoints
In this component, participants share their perspectives, provide information, or discuss
various topics. It forms the substantial part of the conversation and is where main ideas are
conveyed.
Example : “I believe that our marketing approach needs a revamp." or "In my opinion,
adopting renewable energy is the way forward."
4. Negotiation and Resolution

Especially prevalent in problem-solving or decision-making conversations, this is where
disagreements might arise and participants negotiate to reach a consensus or solution.
Example : "I understand where you're coming from, but what if we tried a hybrid
approach?" or "Let's compromise and split the duties evenly among our teams."
5. Summarization
Towards the end, a recap or summary is often provided to reiterate the main points discussed
or decisions made. It ensures clarity and that all participants are on the same page.
Example : "So, to sum up, we've decided to launch the campaign in June and have a
review meeting in two weeks." or "In today's discussion, we've covered the main
impacts of deforestation."
6. Goodbyes
Conversations conclude with parting words or phrases. They can be formal or informal based
on the context of the conversation.
Example : "It was great discussing this with you. Take care!", "Thank you for your insights.
Looking forward to our next meeting.", or simply "Goodbye" "or "See you soon."
Understanding these components is beneficial for test-takers as it provides a

roadmap for the conversation. It aids in predicting the flow of the dialogue, making it
easier to grasp the main ideas and details. By identifying these stages, test-takers can
better focus their attention, anticipate what might come next, and capture the necessary
information, thereby enhancing their comprehension and recall.
29
5. Methods to Improve Your Listening and Take Better Notes
a. Strategies for Engaged and Active Listening

Being completely present in the discussion, absorbing the information being
discussed, and engaging with it in a meaningful way are all components of active
listening.
Keep an Active Role: It is essential to maintain one's connection to the ongoing

dialogue while also blocking out any external distractions.
Example: If you're in a noisy testing facility, put your attention on the audio; if it helps, try
visualizing the speakers in your head. This will help you connect with the material more
effectively.
Listening with a predictive ear: The goal here is to speculate on what might be said
after what has already been stated in the conversation depending on how it has
started. For illustration, if a lecture begins by discussing the negative effects of
smoking, you should be prepared for the possibility that the presentation may shortly
describe the positive aspects of stopping smoking.
To restate and briefly summarize: Repeating something helps you remember it better.
When taking an exam, it is really important to verify that you comprehend the primary
points. Repeat in your head the following phrase whenever you come across a piece
that discusses how average temperatures around the world are climbing: "The world
is getting warmer."
b. How to Decode the Clues Provided by the Context of a Conversation

Listeners might gain a nuanced understanding of the meaning or significance of what
is being spoken by paying attention to contextual information.
Pay Attention to the Definitions: There are times when the speaker will go ahead and
explain certain concepts right away. An archipelago is "a group of islands scattered
in a large body of water," according to one definition.
Take Note of Both the Tone and the Emphasis: Explanation: A speaker's tone might
reflect their attitude or how significant they believe a point to be. Take this statement
as an illustration of the critical importance of reducing emissions: "It is essential that
we reduce emissions.”
Determine Which Phrases Are Transitional: These phrases frequently signify a shift
in perspective or further development of an idea. For example: "Many people favour
solar energy since it is environmentally friendly. On the other hand, a significant initial
expenditure is necessary."
30
3. Some helpful strategies for taking notes during a conversation are as follows
Taking good notes during conversations will prevent you from missing out on
important information that may be discussed.
In the following order: Using shorthand allows for more condensed notes while also
accelerating the writing process. For illustration, use "govt." for "government" and
"e.g." for "for example."
Summary Table on active listening and note taking strategies
Strategy Category Technique Example

Active Listening Stay Engaged Expect details if the conversation
starts with "The economic
downturn in 2008".
Predictive Listening If discussing harms of plastic,
anticipate mention of reusable
bags.
Repeat & Summarize After details about the Great
Barrier Reef, think: "Largest coral
reef in Australia".
Interpreting Context Listen for Definitions "The word 'democracy' means a
Clues system where citizens vote for
leaders".
Tone and Emphasis After "I cannot emphasize this
enough", expect an important
point.
Identify Transitional Phrases "Solar energy is renewable.
However, setup costs are high."
Note-taking Use Abbreviations "Govt." for "Government", "Int'l" for
"International".
Use Symbols "↑" for increase, "↓" for decrease.
Focus on Keywords For Alaska's climate, note "cold,
glaciers, short summers".
Structure your Notes Underline
main topics and bullet point details
underneath.
Review and Revise Expand "GDP growth ↑ Asia" to
"GDP growth is increasing in Asia".
Practice
Listening Practice: River Pollution
Instructions:
1. Scan the QR code below to listen to the conversation.

2. You will only hear the conversation once.
3. Answer the five questions that follow based on what you hear.
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The Conversation Script:
The Questions:
Question 1
a) The dangers of consuming seafood.

b) Plastic waste in rivers and its consequences.
c) The importance of recycling.
d) Alternative materials to plastic.
Question 2
a) large chunks of plastic found in rivers.

b) tiny particles of plastic less than five millimeters long.
c) Plastics that are used in the food industry.
d) Plastic particles that are toxic to marine life.
Question 3
a) They are harmless when ingested by marine animals.

b) They cause marine animals to grow larger.
c) They introduce harmful toxins when ingested by marine creatures.
d) They are beneficial to the marine food chain.
Question 4
a) Because all plastics are recyclable.

b) Due to an overreliance on single-use plastics and inadequate waste
management.
c) Because plastic is the main material used in marine research.
d) It's a natural occurrence and not caused by human activities.
Question 5
a) Only focus on increasing recycling rates.

b) Ban the use of plastics completely.
c) Rely solely on individual efforts.
d) Implement legislation, create awareness, and research alternatives.
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Advanced Listening and Note-taking Strategies
As you prepare for proficiency tests, mastering advanced listening strategies is

crucial. Complex conversations involve intricate details, varied tones, and advanced
vocabulary. Here's a breakdown of these strategies with clear explanations and
examples:
1. Techniques for Understanding Complex Conversations
Contextual Listening: It's essential to understand words or phrases based on the overall
theme or subject of the conversation.
Example: In a conversation about the ocean, if someone says "surf," they're likely talking about
waves and not the internet. In a tech discussion, "surf" might refer to browsing the web.
Recognize Tone and Mood: A speaker's emotion and the way they convey their words can
provide cues about the meaning.
Example: The phrase "What a pleasant surprise!" can be genuine or sarcastic, depending on
the speaker's tone. If said enthusiastically, they're genuinely happy. If said with a sigh or roll
of the eyes, it's sarcastic.
Idiomatic Expressions & Colloquial Language: English is rich in phrases that might not
make literal sense but are commonly understood by native speakers.
Example 1: "Bite the bullet" doesn't mean literally biting a bullet. It means to face a difficult
situation.
Example 2: "Kick the bucket" is a colloquial way of saying someone has died.
2. Identifying Key Points and Supporting Details
Listen for Emphasis: Key details are often stressed or repeated by the speaker for emphasis.
Example 1: "The CRUCIAL factor here is time management."
Example 2: "Remember, always wear sunscreen. I can't stress this enough."
Transition Words: These are words or phrases that indicate a sequence, contrast, or
addition. They can signal main ideas or supporting details.
Example 1: "On the other hand, while cars are convenient, they also cause pollution." Here,
"On the other hand" indicates a contrasting viewpoint.
Example 2: "Moreover, regular exercise boosts mental health." "Moreover" introduces an
additional benefit of exercise.
3. Question & Answer Structure: Conversations, especially in academic or formal settings,

often use a Q&A format, which can help listeners identify main ideas and supporting details.
Example:
Question: "What are the impacts of deforestation?"
Answer: "Deforestation has multiple effects. Primarily, it leads to loss of habitat for many
species. Additionally, it plays a significant role in climate change as trees are vital for carbon
absorption."
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Summary Advanced Listening and Note-taking Strategies
Strategy Category Technique Explanation Example

Understanding Contextual Decipher words or phrases "Surf" in ocean
Complex Listening based on the conversation's context vs. tech
Conversations theme. context
Recognize Tone Gauge the speaker's Genuine vs.
and Mood emotion to interpret sarcastic tone in
meaning. "What a pleasant
surprise!"
Idiomatic Understand non-literal "Bite the bullet" or
Expressions & phrases common among "Kick the bucket"
Colloquial native speakers.
Language Understand non-literal
phrases common among
native speakers.
Identifying Key Listen for Identify key points the "The CRUCIAL
Points & Details Emphasis speaker accentuates or factor" or
repeats. emphasis on
wearing
"sunscreen"
Transition Words Notice words that signal a "On the other
sequence, contrast, or hand" or
addition. "Moreover"
Question & Use Q&A patterns to identify Q: "Impacts of
Answer Structure main ideas and details. deforestation?" A:
"Loss of habitat &
climate change
role."
34
PRACTICE
Title: "Religious Moderation: A Balanced Approach"
Instructions:
Please listen carefully to the conversation between Siti and Abdullah on the topic of religious
moderation. You will only hear the recording once. After listening, answer the True/False
questions below. Ensure you understand each statement before choosing your answer. Scan the
QR code to access the listening script.
Conversation script:
Question 1
● True
● False
Question 2
● True
● False
Question 3
● True
● False
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Question 4
● True
● False
Question 5
● True
● False
36
LISTENING PART 3
MONOLOGUE 1
I. INTRODUCTION
What is a Monologue?
A monologue refers to a long speech by one person without any interaction from another
party. Think of it as one person speaking continuously, sharing information or expressing
their thoughts on a particular topic. Common forms of monologues that you might
encounter in daily life and in tests include lectures given by professors, announcements
on public transportation, and episodes of podcasts.
Example:
Monologue: Artificial Intelligence in Education
"Good afternoon. Today's topic is the role of artificial intelligence, or AI, in modern
education. First, AI enables personalized learning by analyzing a student's performance
and tailoring content to their needs. If a student struggles in algebra, the AI system offers
more targeted resources. Additionally, AI can handle administrative tasks, freeing up
teachers' time. For students, AI-driven chatbots answer queries anytime, supplementing
classroom learning. We also see potential with AI-powered virtual reality, letting students
immerse in topics like ancient civilizations. However, there are concerns, including data
privacy and reduced human interaction in education."
Questions:
1. How does AI assist with personalized learning?

2. In what way can AI benefit teachers directly?
3. What is the role of AI-driven chatbots for students?
4. Might students experience ancient civilizations using AI?
5. What concern did the speaker mention about AI in education?
STRATEGIES FOR LISTENING TO MONOLOGUES
a. Active Listening: Engage with the content mentally. Visualize what the speaker is
discussing. If the topic is about "rainforests," imagine the dense greenery and diverse
wildlife.
b. Avoid Distractions: Ensure your environment is free from distractions. If you're in a
noisy environment, try using headphones or earplugs.
c. Take Mental Breaks: Break the monologue into sections in your mind. After each
section, give yourself a few seconds to mentally recap what was said.
d. Predictive Listening: Based on the introduction or topic of the monologue, try to
anticipate what will be discussed next. This prepares your mind to grasp the details.
37
How to Identify Main Ideas and Supporting Details in a Monologue:
1. Listen for Signpost Words: These words guide listeners through the content. Examples include
"firstly," "in addition," "however," and "consequently." They often introduce new ideas or points.
Example: "Firstly, AI plays a pivotal role in personalized learning." Here, "Firstly" indicates a
primary point about AI's role in education.
2. Focus on Repetition: If a point or term is repeated multiple times, it's likely crucial.
Example: If "personalized learning" is mentioned several times in different contexts, then it's a
central theme of the monologue.
3. Pay Attention to Tone and Emphasis: The speaker's tone can indicate the importance of a
point. If they emphasize or stress particular words, those points or ideas are likely crucial.
Example: "AI is TRANSFORMING the way we approach education." Here, the emphasis on
"transforming" signifies the importance of AI's impact.
4. Summarization at the End: Many monologues conclude with a summary or a recap of the main
points discussed. This is an excellent opportunity to confirm your understanding. Remember,
monologues often contain a wealth of information, but by applying these strategies, you'll be
better equipped to understand and remember key details.
PRACTICE
Instructions:
Listen carefully to the audio about Artificial Intelligence in Education. As you listen, fill in
the blanks with the words or phrases you hear. You will have a few moments to review
the questions before the audio starts, and the audio will be played only once.
Monologues Script
Questions
Artificial Intelligence, often abbreviated as (1), is revolutionizing many sectors, but its impact on
(2) is particularly noteworthy. By analyzing vast amounts of data, AI can pinpoint individual
students (3), tailoring lessons to their specific requirements. This level of personalization was (4)
a few decades ago. Additionally, AI-driven tools are offering teachers more insights into students
(5), making it easier to identify areas where learners may be struggling. However, like any
technological advancement, it's crucial to approach AI with (6). There are concerns about data
(7) and the potential for over-reliance on machines in a setting that's inherently human. Despite
these challenges, the future of AI in education looks (8), potentially bringing about a significant
shift in how we approach learning.
38
Number (1)
● AI
● AL
● IA
● IL
Number (2)
● transportation
● health
● education
● entertainment
Number (3)
● schedules
● performances
● names
● attendance,
Number (4)
● impossible
● common
● discouraged
● encouraged
Number (5)
● preferences
● errors
● performance
● choices,
Number (6)
● skepticism
● enthusiasm
● care
● overconfidence.
Number (7)
● storage
● privacy
● overuse
● sharing
Number (8)
● bleak
● promising
● stagnant
● uncertain
39
Let’s Try Another Practice!
Wayang Kulit
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Listen carefully; the audio plays once.
2. You may jot down brief notes.
3. Read all multiple-choice options before choosing.
4. Answer within the given time limit.
5. Ensure headphones/speakers work and volume is set right.
The monologue Script
Question 1
a) Plastic and wood

b) Buffalo or goat hide
c) Silk and bamboo
d) Paper and cardboard
Question 2
a) Odyssey and Iliad

b) Beowulf and Gilgamesh
c) Ramayana and Mahabharata
d) Aeneid and Divine Comedy
Question 3
a) The gamelan players

b) The audience members
c) The Dalang
d) A team of puppeteers
40
Question 4
a) About an hour
b) A few minutes
c) For hours, often overnight
d) Half a day
Question 5
a) A commercial activity
b) A political commentary
c) Entertainment and a representation of Indonesian cultural heritage
d) A religious ritual
MONOLOGUE 2
Advanced Strategies for Listening to Monologues
Techniques for understanding complex monologues:

Strategies for Techniques Explanation Example
Monologues
Complex Stay Engaged Actively process the Visualize astronauts and
Monologues information as it's planets when hearing
presented. about space.
Break it Down Divide long Segment: "Paris is rich in
sentences/ideas into history, vibrant in culture,
shorter, digestible bits. and attracts millions."
Predict Content Anticipate what might After discussing harmful
come next based on effects of smoking, expect
prior information. methods on quitting.
Purpose & Listen for Clues Words hint at speaker's "In my opinion," or
Perspective belief or data they "Research suggests..."
reference. indicates the perspective.
Pay Attention to Speaker's tone reveals A passionate tone about
Tone emotions or stance on a recycling shows strong
topic. advocacy.
Look for Main Idea Determine the central A discussion on fast food
theme/message of the and health risks suggests
monologue. the main theme revolves
around health
implications of consuming
fast food.
41
PRACTICE
Academic Lecture
Instructions
You will hear a lecture about the digital transformation of libraries. Listen carefully. After you hear
the lecture, you will be asked 5 questions. Choose the best answer to each question.
Monologue 1
Question 1
a) The disadvantages of digital libraries

b) The tactile experience of reading physical books
c) The evolution of libraries in the digital age and its implications
d) Strategies to ensure inclusivity in education
Question 2
a) They offer a tactile experience

b) They have a richer collection of books
c) They cater to a global audience
d) They promote silent study
Question 3
a) The difference in collection sizes between digital and physical libraries

b) The disparity in access to digital resources and tools among individuals
c) The debate between tangible books and e-books
d) The gap between modern and traditional library teaching methods
Question 4
a) Entirely negative
b) Largely positive but acknowledges challenges
c) Neutral without any specific opinion
d) Entirely positive without reservations
42
Question 5
a) To return to traditional library formats

b) To ensure every individual has access to physical books
c) To recognize the digital disparity and strategize for inclusivity
d) To promote global library networks
Monologue 2
The Script
Question 1
a) Colonization and dominance

b) Trade and the necessity for basic interaction
c) Children learning new languages
d) Studying linguistic universals
Question 2
a) They remain static and unchanged.

b) They evolve and can develop into creoles.
c) They quickly die out.
d) They merge with dominant languages.
Question 3
A) The syntax of other languages.

B) A significant trading partner or colonizer.
C) Linguistic universals.
D) The children of acquired pidgin speakers.
43
Question 4
a) Their vocabulary and grammar are derived from a single language

b) Their grammar is similar to dominant languages, but vocabulary varies.
c) They blend elements from multiple languages, resulting in unique
grammatical structures.
d) They often invent new words and grammar.
Question 5
a) The human capability for linguistic invention.

b) Core principles common to all languages.
c) The dominance of one community over another.
d) Future trends in language evolution.
44
PART 1
OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN
EXPRESSION SECTION
A. Brief Overview of Structure and Written Expression Section on CBT English

Proficiency Test
This section is to show that they can identify grammatically acceptable

English, test takers are required to either select the proper method to finish
sentences or identify faults in sentences.
1. There are two types of questions, Sentence Completion and Error Recognition
2. The questions and answers have appeared on the computer screen.
3. You can do the question considered the easiest for you. Never leave any
answer blank.
4. All questions are in multiple choice form, and there is only one correct answer.
B. Directions and Example of Structure and Written Expression Section
In the Listening Section there are two types of questions, namely Sentence
Completion and Error Recognition
1 The Sentence Completion
In this part, you will find sentences with one or more blanks. Select the word or words
that best complete the sentence. Choose the answer that fits the context and maintains the
overall meaning of the sentence.
For each question, there are 4 answer choices, only one answer is the most
appropriate.
Example: (The screen will display)
45
Please see the display above and you have to choose the best answer. To answer,
click on the oval shape of the most appropriate answer. You can continue to the next
questions. After that click next page!
2 Error Recognition
In this section, you will find sentences with underlined portions. Your task is to identify
the part of the sentence that contains an error. Select the letter corresponding to the
underlined portion that you believe contains the error. Each question has 4 answer choices.
Example
The way to answer is the same as before, just click the right answer, go to the next
questions then click next page if you want to do the next questions, or you may click
previous page to recheck the previous answer.
C. Strategies for Doing Structure and Written Expression
1 The Sentence Completion
The sentence completion questions play a crucial role in assessing a test-taker's

language proficiency and understanding of English grammar and vocabulary. Sentence
completion questions are significant because they assess a test-taker's vocabulary,
grammar skills, reading comprehension, critical thinking, and overall ability to use English
in a nuanced and accurate manner. Mastering sentence completion is an essential
component of achieving success in this section and, by extension, the English proficiency
test as a whole.
Sentence completion questions in English proficiency tests, such as the TOEFL,
assess your understanding of vocabulary, grammar, and context. Here are some tips and
tricks to help you excel in sentence completion:
46
Tips and Tricks to help you excel in sentence completion
1. Read the Entire Sentence

Read the entire sentence carefully to understand its overall meaning. Pay attention to
the context, as it will guide you in choosing the correct word.
Example 1:
"The student was praised for her _____ achievements, demonstrating exceptional skills in
various subjects."
a. academic
b. athletic
c. artistic
d. musical
Explanation: In this example, reading the entire sentence helps you understand that the
student is being praised for achievements in a specific area. The word
should reflect a talent or skill, leading to the correct answer: a. academic.
Example 2:
"The sudden change in weather created a _____ atmosphere, causing everyone to seek
shelter indoors."
a. lively
b. gloomy
c. festive
d. chaotic
Explanation: By reading the entire sentence, you can discern that the change in weather
has a specific impact on the atmosphere. The word should describe an
atmosphere associated with sudden and unfavorable weather, leading to the
correct answer: b. gloomy.
Example 3:
"The teacher encouraged the students to approach the project with a _____ mindset,
fostering creativity and collaboration."
a. rigid
b. flexible
c. predictable
d. stagnant
Explanation: By considering the context of encouraging creativity and collaboration in a
project, the correct word to complete the sentence is b. flexible.
Example 4:
"Despite facing numerous challenges, Maria maintained a _____ attitude, inspiring those
around her."
a. defeatist
b. optimistic
c. indifferent
d. skeptical
Explanation: Reading the entire sentence helps you understand that Maria's attitude is
described positively despite facing challenges. The word that fits the context
is b. optimistic.
47
Give it Try!
"The mysterious stranger walked into the room, casting a _____ shadow that made
everyone uneasy."
a. dark
b. bright
c. colorful
d. transparent
Answer : ………
Explanation : ………
2. Identify Keywords
Look for keywords or important terms in the sentence. Focus on words that give you
clues about the meaning of the sentence.
Example 1:
"Her _____ smile lit up the room, spreading joy to everyone who saw her."
a. mysterious
b. radiant
c. hesitant
d. sorrowful
Explanation : In this example, the keyword "smile" suggests a positive and bright
expression. The correct word to complete the sentence is b. radiant.
Example 2:
"The novel's plot was filled with unexpected twists and _____, keeping the readers on the
edge of their seats."
a. predictability
b. monotony
c. suspense
d. simplicity
Explanation : Identifying the keywords "unexpected twists" and "keeping the readers
on the edge of their seats" leads to the correct word: c. suspense.
Example 3:
"The professor's _____ lecture captivated the students, making a complex topic easy to
understand."
a. tedious
b. engaging
c. incomprehensible
d. monotonous
Explanation : Recognizing the keyword "captivated" and the positive outcome of
making a complex topic easy to understand suggests that the correct
word is b. engaging.
Example 4:
"The company's success was attributed to its _____ team, who worked seamlessly to
achieve common goals."
a. disorganized
b. collaborative
c. competitive
d. indifferent
48
Explanation : Identifying the keyword "team" and the positive outcome of achieving
common goals leads to the correct word: b. collaborative.
Example 5:
"His _____ explanation left everyone confused, as the main points were unclear and
scattered."
a. concise
b. coherent
c. convoluted
d. straightforward
Explanation : Recognizing the keyword "confused" and the negative outcome of an

unclear and scattered explanation points to the correct word: c.
convoluted.
Give it Try!
"Her speech was both eloquent and _____, leaving the audience in awe."
a. confusing
b. succinct
c. articulate
d. redundant
Answer : ………
3. Look for Context Clues

Use context clues within the sentence to guess the meaning of the missing word.
Consider the tone and style of the passage to determine the appropriate word.
Example 1:
"Despite facing setbacks, the team exhibited _____ and continued working towards their
goals."
a. resilience
b. pessimism
c. indifference
d. arrogance
Explanation : In this example, the context of facing setbacks and continuing to work
towards goals suggests a positive quality. The correct word is a.
resilience.
Example 2:
"The detective's _____ investigation finally led to the discovery of the missing artifact."
a. hasty
b. meticulous
c. indifferent
d. random
Explanation : Recognizing that the investigation led to a significant discovery implies a
careful and thorough approach. The correct word is b. meticulous.
49
Example 3:
"Amelia's _____ dedication to her studies earned her the highest honors in the graduating
class."
a. sporadic
b. relentless
c. indifferent
d. careless
Explanation : Understanding that Amelia's dedication led to the highest honors implies
a determined and unwavering effort. The correct word is b. relentless.
Example 4:
"The artist's _____ use of colors created a vibrant and lively painting."
a. subtle
b. bold
c. monotonous
d. dull
Explanation : Recognizing the positive outcomes of creating a vibrant and lively
painting suggests the use of strong and vivid colors. The correct word is
b. bold.
Example 5:
"Despite his initial _____, Tom eventually adapted to the new work environment."
a. reluctance
b. enthusiasm
c. indifference
d. arrogance
Explanation : Understanding that Tom eventually adapted implies an initial hesitancy
or unwillingness. The correct word is a. reluctance.
Give it Try!
a. pessimistic
b. optimistic
c. indifferent
d. skeptical
Answer : ………
50
4. Consider Grammar and Syntax

Ensure that the word you choose fits grammatically into the sentence. Pay attention to
verb tenses, singular/plural forms, and other grammatical structures.
Example 1:
"His _____ attitude towards deadlines often resulted in incomplete projects and frustrated
colleagues."
a. careless
b. carelessness
c. carelessly
d. caring
Explanation : Recognizing that the word should describe an attitude implies the need
for an adjective. The correct word is a. careless.
Example 2:
"The committee decided to _____ the proposal until further information was provided."
a. postponed
b. postponing
c. postpone
d. postponement
Explanation : Understanding the context of the committee's decision calls for a verb
form. The correct word is c. postpone.
Example 3:
"The teacher asked the students to write a _____ essay on the impact of technology on
society."
a. short
b. shortest
c. shortly
d. shorten
Explanation : Recognizing the need for a descriptive word for the essay implies an
adjective. The correct word is a. short.
Example 4:
"His ability to _____ problems and find innovative solutions set him apart in the field of
engineering."
a. analyzing
b. analyze
c. analyzes
d. analyzed
Explanation : Understanding the structure of the sentence requires a verb in its base
form. The correct word is b. analyze.
Example 5:
"The manager emphasized the importance of _____ in the workplace, encouraging open
communication among team members."
a. collaborate
b. collaboration
c. collaborating
d. collaborates
Explanation : Recognizing that the manager is emphasizing a concept implies the need
for a noun form. The correct word is b. collaboration.
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Give it Try!
a. organized
b. chaotic
c. hasty
d. casual
Answer : ………
5. Consider Synonyms and Antonyms

Look for synonyms or antonyms of the missing word among the answer choices.
Sometimes, words with similar meanings can be used interchangeably.
Example 1:
"His _____ explanation left everyone confused, as the main points were unclear and
scattered."
a. concise
b. coherent
c. convoluted
d. straightforward
Explanation : Recognizing that the explanation led to confusion and the context of
unclear and scattered points implies the need for a word with a similar
meaning to "unclear." The correct word is c. convoluted.
Example 2:
"The teacher praised the students for their _____ efforts in completing the challenging
assignment."
a. sporadic
b. coordinated
c. meticulous
d. indifferent
Explanation : Understanding that the students are praised for their efforts implies a
positive connotation. The correct word is b. coordinated.
Example 3:
"The musician's latest album was a departure from his previous work, showcasing a _____
style."
a. consistent
b. innovative
c. traditional
d. conventional
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Explanation : Recognizing that the latest album is a departure implies a change, and
the context suggests the need for a word with a similar meaning to
"change" or "new." The correct word is b. innovative.
Example 4:
"Despite the _____ weather, the outdoor event proceeded as planned."
a. clear
b. inclement
c. sunny
d. pleasant
Explanation : Recognizing that the weather is described negatively implies the need for
a word with a similar meaning to "negative" or "unfavorable." The correct
word is b. inclement.
Example 5:
"The company's decision to expand its services was met with _____ from both employees
and customers."
a. enthusiasm
b. resistance
c. satisfaction
d. eagerness
Explanation : Understanding that the decision was met with a negative reaction implies
the need for a word with a similar meaning to "negative" or "opposition."
The correct word is b. resistance.
Give it Try!
a. consistent
b. innovative
c. traditional
d. conventional
Answer : ………
53
54
6. Be Mindful of Modifiers
Pay attention to words that modify the blank space. Adjectives or adverbs nearby can
give clues about the required word.
Example 1:
"The book, with its _____ cover and intriguing title, quickly became a bestseller."
a. Plain
b. Colorful
c. Shiny
d. dull
Explanation : Being mindful of the positive modifiers "intriguing" and "bestseller"
suggests the need for a word with a positive connotation. The correct
word is b. colorful.
Example 2:
"His _____ performance in the final exam surprised everyone, as he had not been a diligent
student throughout the semester."
a. outstanding
b. mediocre
c. exceptional
d. average
Explanation : Being mindful of the modifier "surprised" and the context of not being a
diligent student implies the need for a word with a positive connotation.
The correct word is a. outstanding.
Example 3:
"The restaurant, with its _____ service and delectable dishes, became a favorite among
locals."
a. slow
b. efficient
c. indifferent
d. lazy
Explanation : Being mindful of the positive modifier "favorite" and the context of
delectable dishes suggests the need for a word with a positive
connotation. The correct word is b. efficient.
Example 4:
"Her _____ smile, despite the challenges she faced, inspired those around her to remain
hopeful."
a. radiant
b. Hesitant
c. Indifferent
d. arrogant
Explanation : Being mindful of the positive modifier "inspired" and the context of facing
challenges implies the need for a word with a positive connotation. The
correct word is a. radiant.
55
Example 5:
"The movie, with its _____ plot twists and unexpected turns, kept the audience engaged
until the very end."
a. predictable
b. surprising
c. monotonous
d. shocking
Explanation : Being mindful of the positive modifiers "engaged" and "unexpected"
suggests the need for a word with a positive connotation. The correct
word is b. surprising.
7. Check for Collocations

Consider common word combinations (collocations) that make sense in the context of
the sentence. Ensure that the chosen word naturally fits with the surrounding words.
Example 1:
"The chef recommended a _____ combination of flavors to enhance the taste of the dish."
a. bland
b. harmonious
c. conflicting
d. tasteless
Explanation : Checking for collocations involves recognizing that flavors are often
described as "harmonious." The correct word is b. harmonious.
Example 2:
"The team's _____ efforts led to the successful completion of the project."
a. coordinated
b. sporadic
c. meticulous
d. unorganized
Explanation : Checking for collocations involves recognizing that efforts are commonly
described as "coordinated." The correct word is a. coordinated.
Example 3:
"The artist's exhibition showcased a _____ blend of traditional and modern art."
a. consistent
b. innovative
c. conventional
d. predictable
Explanation : Checking for collocations involves recognizing that a blend of traditional
and modern art is often described as "innovative." The correct word is b.
innovative.
Example 4:
"The scientist conducted a _____ study to investigate the effects of the new drug."
a. superficial
b. comprehensive
c. brief
d. minimal
56
Explanation : Checking for collocations involves recognizing that a study is commonly

described as "comprehensive." The correct word is b. comprehensive.
Example 5:
"The musician's latest album features a _____ mix of genres, appealing to a diverse
audience."
a. consistent
b. eclectic
c. traditional
d. ordinary
Explanation : Checking for collocations involves recognizing that a mix of genres is
often described as "eclectic." The correct word is b. eclectic.
Give it Try!
a. bland
b. harmonious
c. conflicting
d. tasteless
Answer : ………
57
2
ERROR RECOGNITION
Error recognition in the Structure Section of the language proficiency test is significant
for several reasons as it assesses a test-taker's language proficiency and ability to identify
and correct errors in written English. It is not just about identifying mistakes; it's a
comprehensive evaluation of a test-taker's language skills, covering grammar, writing,
reading comprehension, critical thinking, and adaptability to real-world language challenges
for academic and professional success.
In this section, you have to choose the incorrect answer since you have to find the error.
Here are some tips and tricks to help you excel in sentence completion:
1. Focus on Subject-Verb Agreement

Check if the subject and verb agree in number (singular or plural). Ensure that the verb
form matches the number of the subject.
Example 1:
"The group of students are planning a field trip to the museum."
A B C D
a. group
b. are
c. a
d. to the museum
Explanation : The incorrect word is b. are. It should be is.
Example 2:
"One of the employees are responsible for updating the database."
A B C D
a. employees
b. are
c. for
d. database
Explanation : The incorrect word is b. are. It should be is.
2. Check for Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Check that pronouns have clear antecedents and agree in number and gender. Select
the correct pronoun that refers to the noun it replaces.
Example 1:
"Every student should bring their own materials to the workshop."
A B C D
a. every
b. bring
c. their
d. workshop
Explanation : The incorrect word is c. their. It should be his.
58
Example 2:
"The committee members presented his findings at the conference."
A B C D
a. committee
b. presented
c. his
d. at
Explanation : The incorrect word is b. his. It should be their.
3. Watch for Verb Tense Consistency

Look for consistency in verb tenses. Ensure that past, present, and future tenses are
used appropriately within the sentence.
Example 1:
"He is studying abroad when he discovered his passion for languages."
A B C D
a. Is
b. Studying
c. His
d. languages
Explanation : The incorrect word is a. is. It should be was.
Example 2:
"They went to the beach every summer, and this year is no exception."
A B C D
a. went
b. every
c. this
d. is
Explanation : The incorrect word is a. went. It should be go.
4. Be Mindful of Articles
Pay attention to the use of articles (a, an, the) and choose the appropriate one based on
the context and countability of the noun.
Example 1:
"She is a expert in environmental science."
AB C D
a. is
b. a
c. in
d. science
Explanation : The incorrect word is B. a. It should be an.
Example 2:
"I saw a interesting documentary about marine life yesterday."
A B C D
a. I
b. A
c. documentary
d. life
Explanation : The incorrect word is b. a. It should be an.
59
5. Check Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

Be aware of the correct prepositions and prepositional phrases. Ensure they are used
appropriately in the sentence. Choose the ones that fit the sentence context and convey the
intended meaning.
Example 1:
"He is in the top of his class in mathematics."
A B C D
a. He
b. in
c. His
d. mathematics
Explanation : The incorrect word is b. in. It should be on.
Example 2:
"They are interested at participating in the science fair."
A B C D
a. are
b. at
c. in
d. fair
Explanation : The incorrect word is b. at. It should be in.
6. Look for Parallel Structure

Check for parallel structure in lists or series. Ensure that items in a series are
grammatically consistent.
Example 1:
"The project involves researching, writing reports, and to present findings at conferences."
A B C D
a. involves
b. writing
c. to present
d. findings
Explanation : The incorrect word is c. to present. It should be presenting.
Example 2:
"To succeed, you need dedication, a positive attitude, and to work hard consistently."
A B C D
a. succeed
b. dedication
c. and
d. to work hard
Explanation : The incorrect word is d. to work hard. It should be hard working.
60
7. Verify Word Forms

Check for the correct forms of words, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
Ensure that the chosen words fit the context.
Example 1:
"The students were praised for their hardly work on the research project."
A B C D
a. were
b. their
c. hardly
d. on
Explanation : The incorrect word is C. hardly. It should be hard. In this context, the
adjective "hard" describes the level of effort put into the work.
Example 2:
"They were impressed by her creative approach to problem-solving."
A B C D
a. they
b. impressed by
c. creative
d. to problem-solving
Explanation : The incorrect word is C. creative. It should be creativity. In this context,
the noun form is appropriate to describe her approach.
LET’S PRACTICE
* SENTENCE COMPLETION
Choose the appropriate answer!
1. The new software has features that make it __________ for users to customize their
preferences.
a. easily
b. easy
c. easiness
d. easiest
2. To avoid misunderstandings, it is crucial to communicate __________ in a multicultural

team.
a. effective
b. effectiveness
c. effectively
d. effect
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3. The book, with its _____ cover and intriguing title, quickly became a bestseller.
a. plain
b. colorful
c. shiny
d. dull
4. The musician's latest album was a departure from his previous work, showcasing a _____
style.
a. consistent
b. innovative
c. traditional
d. conventional
5. The team worked __________ to meet the tight deadline for the project.
a. hard
b. hardly
c. hardest
d. harder
6. The professor's lectures are always __________, keeping the students engaged.
a. interesting
b. interested
c. interest
d. interests
7. The successful completion of the experiment __________ on precise measurements.
a. depends
b. depending
c. depend
d. depended
8. The artist's work is known for its unique style and __________.
a. confusion
b. creativity
c. boredom
d. frustration
9. After years of hard work, Sarah finally achieved her __________ of becoming a published
author.
a. Dream
b. Fear
c. Nightmare
d. task
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10. The research findings not only add depth to the study but __________ provide valuable
insights."
a. also
b. too
c. either
d. as well
ERROR RECOGNITION
*
Choose the incorrect word/phrase.
1. The students not only enjoyed the museum tour but also finding the historical artifacts
A B C
fascinating.
D
a. not only
b. enjoyed
c. finding
d. fascinating
2. Despite the bad weather, the event was a great successful.

A B C D
a. despite
b. was
c. a
d. successful
3. The company's new policy brought many positivity changes to both the employees and the
A B C
work environment.
D
a. policy
b. many
c. positivity
d. work
4. She has an ability to adapting quickly in various situations, making her a valuable asset to
A B C D
the team.
a. an
b. adapting
c. quickly
d. making
5. She enjoys reading books, going to the cinema, and to play tennis.
A B C D
a. enjoys
b. reading
c. going
d. to play
63
6. The student's performance on the exam was not satisfactory, but also his improvement
A B C
was notable.
D
a. the student’s
b. not
c. his improvement
d. notable
7. Her skills in problem-solving, leadership, and to communicate effectively are highly valued.
A B C D
a. her
b. in problem-solving
c. to communicate effectively
d. highly valued
8. The new policy had an adverse effect on the team; however, the manager hopes it will be
A B C
adjusting soon."
D
a. adverse effect
b. however
c. hopes
d. adjusting
9. The meeting were not unproductive; valuable ideas were exchanged.

A B C D
a. were
b. unproductive
c. were
d. exchanged
10. The new software features excited enhancements.

A B C D
a. the
b. software
c. features
d. excited
64
PART 3
OVERVIEW OF READING COMPREHENSION
A. Brief Overview of Reading Comprehension Section on CBT English

Proficiency Test
1. There are 3-4 passages for reading texts for (70 questions/ 100 questions) with
an average of 7 – 8 questions in each passage (text).
2. Average reading length is 200 – 400 words.
3. All questions are in multiple choice form.
4. Test takers are not allowed to use a dictionary in any form (electronic,
smartphones or other gadgets)
5. They may take notes if necessary.
B. Directions and Example of Reading Comprehension Section
There are two types of questions, namely Reading Comprehension and

Vocabulary. For problems in reading comprehension, it usually contains questions
about the main idea and details of the text content, both expressed and implied. In
vocabulary questions you will be asked about the meaning of certain words or
phrases in the text. It can be in the form of a synonym, antonym, etc.
1 Reading Comprehension
In this section you face with a reading text or text fragment, and after the text there
are several questions about the main idea, or other details of a reading (implied or explicit)
with 4 answer choices, choose the most appropriate answer. The following is an example
of a reading comprehension question.
65
Look at the example question above, there is a reading text, then after that there is a
question with 4 answer choices. After that, choose the right answer, the test takers only
need to click on the correct answer. Consider the following example:
2 Vocabulary
This type of question usually contains questions related to the meaning of certain
words or phrases in the text.
Example
Pay attention to above question, the question is "the word "released" in paragraph 2
could best be replaced by… .” That means the following question asks for the closest
meaning or synonym of the word "released". Choose 1 most appropriate answer. then
continue to the next question.
66
C. More details about reading comprehension section
Reading comprehension is a crucial component of English proficiency tests. It

assesses a test-taker's ability to understand, interpret, and analyze written
information in English.
1 Detail Overviews
1. Test Format
- The reading comprehension section typically consists of several passages, each
followed by a set of questions. The number of passages and questions can vary
depending on the specific test.
2. Passage Type
- Passages cover a range of topics, including academic articles, newspaper
articles, essays, reports, and other informational texts. The passages may vary
in length and complexity, with some being more challenging than others.
3. Question Types
- Questions assess various skills such as identifying main ideas, supporting details,
inferences, and the author's purpose. Common question types include multiple-
choice, true/false/not given, matching, short answer, and summary completion.
However, in TOEFL ITP or English Proficiency Test, multiple choices type is the
most common.
4. Time Constraints
- Test-takers are usually given a specific amount of time to read each passage and
answer the associated questions.
- Time management is crucial, and strategies such as skimming and scanning can
be employed to maximize efficiency.
5. Vocabulary and Context

- Test-takers need a strong vocabulary to comprehend the passages.
- Contextual clues may be provided to help infer the meaning of unfamiliar words.
67
2 Types of questions in reading comprehension section
The reading comprehension section typically includes several types of questions

to assess your ability to understand and analyze written English. Here are the common
question types along with sample questions.
1. Multiple-choice questions
In this kind of question, you need to choose the correct answer for the option
provided. It usually questions the theme, topic, and or main idea of the passages/
text.
Sample Question:
According to the passage, what is the author's main argument?
a. The benefits of renewable energy
b. The history of fossil fuels
c. The impact of climate change
d. The advantages of nuclear power
❖ Sample questions in line with determining theme/ topic of the passages.

- What is the topic of the passage?
- What is the text talking about?
- What is the subject of the passage?
- What is the author primarily concerned with?
❖ Sample questions in line with determining the main idea.

- What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
- What does paragraph 2 tell about?
2. Inference Questions
Drawing conclusions or make inferences based on the information in the
passage.
Sample Question:
❖ What can be inferred about the character's feelings in the last paragraph?
a. The character is excited.
b. The character is disappointed.
c. The character is indifferent.
d. The character is nervous.
68
3. Detail Questions
Identifying specific details or information from the passage.
Sample Question:
❖ According to the passage, what year did the event take place?
a. 1990
b. 2000
c. 2010
d. 2020
4. Vocabulary Questions
Determining the meaning of a word or phrase in a given context.
Sample Question:
❖ In paragraph 3, the word "ubiquitous" most likely means …
a. Rare
b. Common
c. Obsolete
d. Unique
Other sample questions:

- The word “nice” in sentence 2 has a similar meaning to ….
- The word ‘nice’ in the sentence 2 can be replaced by …
5. Reference Questions
Identifying the referent of a pronoun or a word in the passage.
Sample Question:
❖ In line 12, what does the word "it" refer to?
a. The research study
b. The experiment
c. The conclusion
d. The scientist
6. Function Questions
Determining the function or purpose of a specific part of the passage.
Sample Question:
❖ What is the main purpose of the second paragraph?
a. Introduce the topic
b. Present a counter argument
c. Provide evidence
d. Conclude the passage
69
7. Sentence Insertion Questions

Determining where a new sentence best fits into the passage.
Sample Question:
❖ Where would the following sentence best fit in the paragraph? "However,
recent studies have challenged this theory."
8. Exception Question
Identifying the exception stated in the passages/ question.
Sample questions:
❖ Based on the text, the statements are true, except …
❖ Which is not TRUE about the man?
3 Common problems faced in reading comprehension
a. Your vocabulary mastery is inadequate;

b. You have difficulty understanding the context of sentences;
c. You are too fixated on the word-for-word meaning to understand the text;
d. You always read a new reading text and then look at the questions.
70
Tips and Tricks to help you excel to answer reading comprehension

section
1 General Tips
a. Familiarize yourself with the “directions” or test instructions
The instructions for each "TOEFL®" or English Proficiency Test are

always the same, therefore, pay attention to the TOEFL® test instructions
before you take the test so that when the test takes place you don't have
to spend time reading the instructions again.
b. Read the questions first quickly and then read the passage.
Before you read the reading text, skim through the questions as quickly
as possible. Then, read the text to find answers to the questions.
c. Reread the text more carefully to answer questions that require more
difficult answers.
d. Answer all questions, even if you have to guess, there is no
reduction in score for wrong answers.
e. Use your time as best as possible.
2 Special tips based on types of questions in reading comprehension
a. Main Idea
The main idea questions ask for the main idea of a text. the main idea
questions can be as follows:
What is the subject of the passage?
What is the main topic of the passage?
What is the main idea of the passage?
What is the author primarily concerned?
Which of the following would be the best title?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
The passage mainly discussed?
71
Tips for answering the questions about the main ideas are:
1. If the text consists of only one paragraph
Read the first sentence of the paragraph carefully because generally the
main idea is in the first sentence. Read the rest of the single paragraph
quickly so that you can correctly summarize the main idea of the
paragraph.
Example:
For more than a century, despite attacks by a few opposing scientists, Charles
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection has stood firm. Now, however,
some respected biologists are beginning to question whether the theory accounts
for major developments such as the shift from water to land habitation. Clearly,
evolution has not proceeded steadily but has progressed by radical advances.
Recent research in molecular biology, particularly in the study of DNA, provides
us with a new possibility. Not only environmental change but also genetic codes
in the underlying structure of DNA could govern evolution.
Source: Sharpe, P. J. (2006). Barron’s How to Prepare for the TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign
Language (11th ed.). New York: Barron’s Educational Series.
Question
a. The scientists
b. Natural selection
c. Question about Charles Darwin’s theory
d. Major development in Biology
Remember the tips: The main idea usually occurs at the beginning of a reading
passage. Look at the first two sentences in the passage.
You will find the sentences “For more than a century, despite attacks by a few
opposing scientists, Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection has
stood firm. Now, however, some respected biologists are beginning to question
whether the theory accounts for major developments such as the shift from water
to land habitation.”
From the first two sentences, you can summarize that the main idea of the
passage is about question about Charles Darwin’s theory (C).
2. If the text consists of more than one paragraph

Carefully read the first sentence of each paragraph and then conclude
what is implied by the main sentences in each paragraph.
72
Example:
A black hole is a region of space created by the total gravitational collapse
of matter. It is so intense that nothing, not even light or radiation, can escape. In
other words, it is a one-way surface through which matter can fall inward but
cannot emerge.
Some astronomers believe that a black hole may be formed when a large
star collapses inward from its own weight. So long as they are emitting heat and
light into space, stars support themselves against their own gravitational pull with
the outward thermal pressure generated by heat from nuclear reactions deep in
their interiors. But if a star eventually exhausts its nuclear fuel, then its unbalanced
gravitational attraction could cause it to contract and collapse. Furthermore, it
could begin to pull in surrounding matter, including nearby comets and planets,
creating a black hole.
Source: Sharpe, P. J. (2006). Barron’s How to Prepare for the TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign
Language (11th ed.). New York: Barron’s Educational Series.
Question
a. The gravitation
b. The radiation
c. The black hole
d. A Large Star
Remember the tips: Carefully read the first sentence of each paragraph and then
conclude what is implied.
First Sentence of Paragraph 1:
A black hole is a region of space created by the total gravitational collapse of matter.
First Sentence of Paragraph 2:
Some astronomers believe that a black hole may be formed when a large star
collapses inward from its own weight.
NOW, can you guess the topic? Yes, you will easily answer that it is about the
black hole (C).
b. Relationship between paragraphs
A question sometimes asks about the relationship between one paragraph

and another. The questions usually go like this:
How is the information in the second paragraph related to the first paragraph?
Easy tips
Read the two paragraphs carefully and determine whether one paragraph is a
development of the previous paragraph or contradicts the previous paragraph
or serves to provide examples of the previous paragraph.
73
c. Content of a Paragraph
Questions that ask about the content of a paragraph could be something like
this:
What type of information is included in the first/second/third paragraph?
The first/second/third paragraph contains the information on . . .
How does the information in the second paragraph differ from the first
paragraph?
Easy Tips
Pay attention to the first sentence of the paragraph in question then draw a
conclusion based on the details of the paragraph;
Example:
The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth," plays a
crucial role in regulating the planet's climate. Its vast expanse of trees absorbs carbon
dioxide and produces oxygen, making it an essential component of the global
ecosystem.
In addition to its environmental significance, the Amazon rainforest is also home
to an incredibly diverse array of flora and fauna. Thousands of plant and animal
species thrive in this unique habitat, many of which are not found anywhere else on
Earth.
Unfortunately, the Amazon rainforest is facing unprecedented threats from
deforestation and human activities. Large-scale clearing of land for agriculture,
logging, and infrastructure development pose serious challenges to the delicate
balance of this ecosystem.
Question
What type of information is included in the second paragraph?
a. The Amazon rainforest is a place for various flora and fauna.
b. The Amazon rainforest is lungs of the Earth
c. The Amazon rainforest plays crucial role
d. The Amazon rainforest faces unprecedented threats
TIPS: To answer that question, pay attention to the first sentence of the
paragraph in question
First sentence of paragraph 2
“In addition to its environmental significance, the Amazon rainforest is also home to an
incredibly diverse array of flora and fauna”
Now, you can catch the answer, yes, it is (a) the Amazon rainforest is a place for various flora
and fauna.
74
d. Explicit and Implicit Details

The explicit details of a text are details that are expressed or mentioned
clearly written in the text. In other words, you can read these details in the text
because they are written there. Meanwhile, Implicit details are details that are
not expressed or mentioned in the text. An example of a question could be like
this:
Questions on explicit details
According to the test, Dumb City is located . . .
The passage indicates that James Watt invented the steam engine in . . . .
The author mentions that . . . .
It is stated in the passage that the name Dark City. . . .
Easy Tips
1. Look for keywords in the question that form the core of the question.
2. Read the part of the text that contains keywords as quickly as possible to
find the keywords in the question.
3. Read the sentences that contain these keywords carefully.
4. Look for words or phrases that have the same meaning as what is asked
in the question.
Example:
Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia, is known for its rich cultural
diversity, stunning landscapes, and vibrant traditions. Comprising thousands of
islands, Indonesia is home to various ethnic groups, each with its own unique customs
and languages. Borobudur, located on the island of Java, is a UNESCO World
Heritage site and one of Indonesia's most iconic landmarks. This ancient Buddhist
temple, built in the 9th century, showcases intricate stone carvings and stupas,
offering a glimpse into Indonesia's historical and religious heritage. One of Indonesia's
renowned traditional arts is the Wayang Kulit, a form of shadow puppetry. Performers
skillfully manipulate intricately designed leather puppets behind a backlit screen,
telling stories from the epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Questions
According to the passage, where is Borobudur located?
a. Sumatera
b. Sulawesi
c. Papua
d. Island of Java
TIPS: see the keyword in the questions, in this case is “Borobudur Location”.
Now, you can see the sentence that contain the keyword “Borobudur, located
on the island of Java”, so the answer is (d) Island of Java.
75
Questions on implicit details

Which of the following is not stated/mentioned/discussed . . .?
All of the following are true except . . .
Easy Tips
1. Look for keywords in the question that form the core of the question.
2. Read the part of the text that contains the keyword as quickly as possible
to find keywords or key ideas related to the question.
3. Read the sentences that contain these keywords carefully.
4. Look for answers that are completely correct or written or mentioned in the
text.
5. Look for answers or information that are completely missing or that are not
mentioned in the text at all and then make your choice.
Example:
Respecting other beliefs is a cornerstone of societal harmony. This principle
emphasizes acknowledging and appreciating the diversity of religious, cultural, and
philosophical perspectives. Instead of imposing one's beliefs, individuals are
encouraged to engage in open-minded dialogue, fostering understanding and
tolerance. Promoting religious freedom plays a key role in this, recognizing everyone's
right to practice their faith without discrimination. Education, particularly teaching
about various religious traditions, contributes to building a culture of respect for other
beliefs.
Question
Which of the following is not stated about promoting religious freedom essential
for fostering a culture of respect for other beliefs?
a. Imposing a single set of beliefs on everyone.
b. Allowing individuals to practice their faith without fear of discrimination or persecution.
c. Acknowledging and appreciating the diversity of religious perspectives.
d. Contributing to a richer tapestry of shared experiences.
To answer that question, you can simply do the above tips, especially the point number
5. You can just stay aligned with the passage's key points and considering the
specified exception, you can identify the correct answer that it is (a) Imposing a single
set of beliefs on everyone, that is the only answer that is not aligned with the context
76
e. Referral of a Pronoun
Example question that asks reference from a pronoun:
The pronoun “they” in line 2 refers to . . .
The word “it” in line 4 refers to . . .
The pronoun “he” in line 10 refers to . . .
Generally, what is mentioned moreover formerly is a noun new next is the
pronoun, for example.
Probably the average that is the most commonly used is the industrial
average; it is used by an investor interested in checking the state of the
stock market before making an investment in an industrial stock.
The pronoun “it” in line 1 refers to . . .

(A) the industrial average
(B) investment
(C) markets
(D) stock
most appropriate answer is of course only (A) because the pronoun “it” refers
to “the industrial average”
Easy Tips
1. The noun being referred to is always mentioned before the pronoun.
2. Look for the pronoun in the referenced sentence line or in the previous
sentence.
3. Look for the noun that comes before the pronoun in that line.
4. Also read the part of the text before the pronoun.
5. The pronoun it refers to singular nouns, and the pronoun they refers to
plural nouns.
f. Implications
Questions about information conveyed implicitly in the text require your ability
to infer the content of a text.
Here are some questions that often arise
It is implied in the passage that . . .
It can be inferred from the passage that . . .
It is most likely that . . .
Which of the following is implied in the passage . . .
Easy tips
1. Pay attention to the keywords in the question
2. Read the text quickly to find the keywords.
3. Pay close attention to the sentences that contain the keywords and
relevant information in other sentences and then draw conclusions to
determine your answer.
77
Example:
In the last decade, technological advancements have transformed the way people
communicate. Social media platforms have become ubiquitous, allowing individuals
to connect instantly with others around the globe. While these developments offer
unprecedented opportunities for sharing information and fostering connections,
concerns have been raised about the potential negative impacts, such as the spread
of misinformation and privacy issues.
Question
It can be inferred from the passage that ….
a. Technological advancements in communication have solely positive impacts.
b. Technological advancements in communication only have negative impacts.
c. Technological advancements in communication both have positive and negative
impacts.
d. The author is indifferent to the impacts of technological advancements on
communication.
Read the tips:

Pay attention to the keywords, what is the keyword? “technological
advancements”, then, read the sentences related to the sentences. We will
know that the previous passages told about the positive and negative impacts
of the technological advancements. So, the answer is (C).
g. Guess the content or information before and after paragraphs

Questions in TOEFL or English Proficiency Test also often ask about the
contents of the previous or following paragraphs. For example, in the text there
is only 1 paragraph. If one more paragraph is added before that paragraph, then
the contents of that paragraph are what is being asked. Or if 1 paragraph is
developed further, then the contents of the follow-up paragraph are what will be
asked. The questions could be like these!
The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discussed . . .

What is most likely in the paragraph preceding the passage . . .
The paragraph following this passage most likely contains information on
what?
Which of the following is most likely the topic of the paragraph following the
passage?
Easy Tips
1. To find out what the previous paragraph is about, read the first sentence
carefully, conclude the content of the previous paragraph based on that
first sentence.
2. To find out what the next paragraph is about, read the last sentence
carefully.
78
h. Word meaning
Questions that ask the meaning of a word or phrase in a text can be like
this:
What is . . .: What is “dumb” in line 5?

What is the meaning of . . . : What is the meaning of “dumb” in line 5?
The word “dumb” in line 5 could best be replaced by . . .
Easy Tips
1. Pay attention to the words asked in the text quickly.
2. Read the sentence that contains the word even if you know the meaning
of the word in question.
3. Pay attention to the context of the sentence that contains the word or
phrase in question.
Example:
(3) Nowadays the barter system can be used in a much more sophisticated way
than even before, However, it carries with it the same basic purpose – exchange
of goods or services. The barter system allows someone to negotiate the worth of
his or her goods or services in connection with the goods or services that people
want. Bartering allows people to get the things they need without having to expend
additional money. Instead they can use the goods that they are no longer need or
want to get the things they do need. There are swap markets and online auctions
that allow them to sell or trade their goods or to purchase goods that they need
or want. Negotiation is done just like it was hundreds of years before .
Question
The word “purchase” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . . .
a. Buy
b. Change
c. Exchange
d. Get
Read the tips:

We know the word asked is “purchase”, then we read the sentence that
contains that word, that is “There are swap markets and online auctions that
allow them to sell or trade their goods or to purchase goods that they need or
want.” Do not read all sentences! Now, learn the context, and then we can
easily answer that the word “purchase” in that sentence is closest in meaning
to the word “buy” (A)
79
i. Searching for lines of information in text
Questions about specific information in the text can be like this:

Where in the passage does the author discuss/mention the composition of
blood?
(A) Lines 1 – 3
(B) Lines 4 – 7
(C) Lines 8 – 10
(D) Lines 11 – 13
Easy Tips
1. Look for keywords in the question.
2. Read the lines mentioned in the question quickly to find the keywords in
the question.
3. Choose the answer that mentions the line containing the keyword.
Example:
1 By 1963 the one-man space flights of Project Mercury had

successfully taken place, and NASA (the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration) was ready for a new challenge. That new
challenge was to send two men into space at the same time, rather
than one, so that it would be possible to conduct a wide variety of a
new maneuvers and tests.
7 An appropriate name was found for that new project: the new
project was called Project Gemini. The name “Gemini” might seem
appropriate because it is the name of one of the constellations of
stars in the sky, but that is not real reason for the choice of the name.
“Gemini” comes from the Latin word geminus, which means “twin.”
The constellation Gemini received its name it consists of two very
13 bright stars with no other bright stars close by, and those stars seem
like twins. The Nasa Project received its name because of the
number of men who would be together in the space capsule orbiting
the Earth.
Question
Where in the passage does the author state what the initials NASA represent
a. Lines 1-3
b. Lines 4-5
c. Lines 6-7
d. Lines 11-13
Read the tips:

You can easily answer this question by finding the keyword in the question, can’t you?
80
LET’S PRACTICE
* READING COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage carefully, each one is followed by a number of questions
about it. Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what
is stated or implied in that passage.
Passage for questions no 1-5
The Benefits of Exercise
Regular physical exercise offers numerous

benefits to both physical and mental health.
Engaging in regular exercise can improve
cardiovascular health, increase muscle
strength, and enhance flexibility. Additionally,
exercise releases endorphins, which can
reduce stress and improve mood. Despite
these benefits, many people lead sedentary
lifestyles, which can lead to various health
problems.
Questions no 1 - 5
1. According to the passage, what are some benefits of regular exercise?

a. Decreased muscle strength and flexibility
b. Increased risk of cardiovascular problems
c. Improved cardiovascular health and muscle strength
d. Decreased release of endorphins
2. What is the primary purpose of the passage?

a. To criticize people's sedentary lifestyles
b. To promote the benefits of regular exercise
c. To discuss the dangers of cardiovascular problems
d. To explore the negative effects of stress on health
3. What is one effect of exercise mentioned in the passage?

a. Increased risk of cardiovascular problems
b. Decreased flexibility
c. Reduction in stress and improvement in mood
d. Decreased release of endorphins
81
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of exercise in the passage?

a. Improvement in cardiovascular health
b. Increase in muscle strength
c. Reduction in flexibility
d. Enhancement of mood
5. What is the author's attitude towards exercise, based on the passage?
a. Neutral
b. Negative
c. Positive
d. Ambivalent
Passage for question no 1-5
Cultural Heritage of Indonesia
(1) Indonesia, a diverse archipelago located in Southeast Asia, boasts a rich

cultural heritage that reflects its history, traditions, and ethnic diversity. From the vibrant
batik textiles of Java to the intricate wood carvings of Bali, Indonesia's cultural treasures
are as varied as its landscape.
(2) One of the most iconic symbols of Indonesian culture is the traditional dance
forms, such as the graceful movements of the Javanese Wayang Kulit (Shadow
Puppetry) and the energetic Balinese Legong dance. These dances, often accompanied
by gamelan music, are not only artistic performances but also integral parts of religious
ceremonies and social celebrations.
(3) In addition to its performing arts, Indonesia is renowned for its culinary
delights. Indonesian cuisine, known for its bold flavors and aromatic spices, includes
dishes like rendang (spicy beef stew), nasi goreng (fried rice), and sate (grilled skewered
meat). Each region of Indonesia has its culinary specialties, reflecting the diverse
ingredients and cooking techniques found across the archipelago.
(4) Despite the modernization and globalization of recent decades, Indonesia
remains deeply connected to its cultural roots. Efforts to preserve and promote traditional
arts and craftsmanship continue to thrive, ensuring that Indonesia's rich cultural heritage
remains vibrant and celebrated.
Questions no 6-10
6. According to the passage, what are some examples of traditional Indonesian
dances?
a. Javanese Wayang Kulit and Balinese Legong dance
b. Indonesian pop and rock dances
c. Western-style ballet and tap dances
d. Indian classical dances
82
7. What is one characteristic of Indonesian cuisine mentioned in the passage?

a. Mild flavors and bland spices
b. Rich flavors and aromatic spices
c. Raw and unseasoned ingredients
d. Minimal use of herbs and condiments
8. How are traditional dances like Wayang Kulit and Legong described in the
passage?
a. As purely artistic performances
b. As integral parts of religious ceremonies
c. As modern adaptations of Western dance forms
d. As entertainment for tourists only
9. What is the main focus of efforts mentioned in the passage to preserve

Indonesia's cultural heritage?
a. Promotion of modern art forms
b. Preservation of traditional arts and craftsmanship
c. Globalization of Indonesian culture
d. Adoption of foreign culinary practices
10. What is the significance of Indonesian cuisine mentioned in the passage?

a. It is bland and uninteresting
b. It reflects Indonesia's diverse ingredients and cooking techniques
c. It is unpopular and rarely consumed
d. It has no cultural or social importance
Passage for questions no 11-15
Islamic Art and Architecture
(1) Islamic art and architecture have a rich history that spans centuries and
encompasses diverse cultural traditions. Characterized by intricate geometric patterns,
arabesques, and calligraphy, Islamic art reflects the spiritual and aesthetic values of
Islam.
(2) One of the most iconic examples of Islamic architecture is the magnificent
dome of the Taj Mahal in India. Built in the 17th century by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan
in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, the Taj Mahal is renowned for its symmetrical
design and intricate marble inlays featuring Quranic inscriptions and floral motifs.
(3) In addition to architecture, Islamic art includes a wide range of mediums such
as ceramics, textiles, and manuscript illumination. Calligraphy, in particular, holds a
special place in Islamic art as it is often used to depict verses from the Quran and convey
spiritual messages.
83
(4) Islamic art and architecture are not only expressions of religious devotion but
also sources of cultural identity and pride for Muslim communities around the world. They
serve as reminders of the beauty and complexity of Islamic civilization and continue to
inspire artists and architects to this day.
Questions no 11-15
11. According to the passage, what are some characteristics of Islamic art and
architecture?
a. Symmetrical design and intricate marble inlays
b. Abstract paintings and sculptures
c. Minimalist style and use of natural materials
d. Bright colors and elaborate decorations
12. What is the Taj Mahal described as in the passage?

a. A mosque in Saudi Arabia
b. A palace in Turkey
c. A shrine in India
d. A temple in Indonesia
13. What is the significance of calligraphy in Islamic art?

a. It is used to depict verses from the Bible
b. It is often used to depict verses from the Quran
c. It is not considered an important art form
d. It is primarily used for secular purposes
14. What role do Islamic art and architecture play in Muslim communities, according
to the passage?
a. They are only expressions of religious devotion
b. They serve as sources of cultural identity and pride
c. They have no significance outside of historical contexts
d. They are primarily admired by non-Muslims
15. What is the main message conveyed by the passage about Islamic art and
architecture?
a. They are primarily symbols of political power
b. They are expressions of spiritual and aesthetic values
c. They are outdated and no longer relevant
d. They are only appreciated by a small minority
84
REFERENCES
Phillips, D. (2003). Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test and CD-
ROM (1st edition). New York: Pearson Education ESL.
Sharpe, P. J. (2006). Barron’s How to Prepare for the TOEFL: Test of English as
a Foreign Language (11th ed.). New York: Barron’s Educational Series.
Wright, S. W., & Sukur, S. G. (2011). Soal-soal TOEFL Super Lengkap.

Yogyakarta: Kalarana Press.
https://chat.openai.com/February 2024
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ELEVATE YOUR ENGLISH - A Comprehensive Guide To English Proficiency Test

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Elevate Your English First Edition

ELEVATE YOUR ENGLISH

Tata Letak dan Desain Cover:

“Mastering Foreign Language is Bridging you to

Firstly, I would like to warmly welcome all students of

Wallahul Muwaffiq ila Aqwamit Tharieq

Dr. H. Saiful Hadi, M.Pd.

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious the Most Merciful

“Difficulties are given to be a challenge or a trouble: for you, difficulties are

Standardizing English language proficiency is crucial in

The book "Elevate Your English: A Comprehensive Guide to English Proficiency

Happy learning, and good luck.

Pamekasan, 12 February 2024

Abdul Wafi, S.S., M.Pd.

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................. iii

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH PROFICIENCY TEST ............................................. iii

PART 1. Brief Overview of Listening Section ................................ 1

Practices of Short Conversation ................................... 17

Advanced Listening Strategies ..................................... 18

Listening Part 2: Longer Conversation ..................... 21

Types of Longer Conversation ...................................... 26

Advanced Listening and Note-Taking Strategies .......... 33

Listening Part 3: Monologue ..................................... 37

Strategies for Listening to Monologues ......................... 37

Let’s Try Another Practice ............................................ 40

Practices Monologue 1 .................................................. 42

Practices Monologue 2 ................................................. 43

PART 2. Brief Overview .............................................................. 45

The Sentence Completion .......................................... 46

Tips and Tricks to help you excel in sentence completion

Read the Entire Sentence ............................................ 47

Identify Keywords ......................................................... 48

Look for the Context Cues ............................................ 49

Consider the Grammar and Syntax .............................. 51

Consider Synonyms and Antonyms .............................. 52

Be Mindful of Modifiers ................................................. 55

Check for Collocations .................................................. 55

Error Recognition ........................................................ 58

Focus on Subject-Verb Agreement ............................... 58

Check for Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement .................. 58

Watch for Verb Tense Consistency .............................. 59

Be Mindful of Articles .................................................... 59

Check Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases ............ 60

Sentences Completion ................................................. 61

Error Recognition ......................................................... 63

PART 3. Brief Overview of Reading Comprehension Section ..... 65

Detail Overviews ......................................................... 67

Types of questions in reading comprehension section

Multiple-choice Questions ............................................ 68

Inference Questions ..................................................... 68

Detail Questions ........................................................... 69

Vocabulary Questions .................................................. 69

Reference Questions .................................................... 69

Function Questions ...................................................... 69

Sentence Insertion Questions ....................................... 69

Exceptions Questions ................................................... 70

Common problems faced in reading comprehension .... 70

Tips and Tricks to help you excel to answer reading

General Tips ................................................................. 71

Special tips based on types of questions in reading

Main Ideas .................................................................... 71

Relationship Between Paragraphs ................................ 73