MODERN EAST ASIA
Lesson 1
- EAST ASIA
⃝home to one-fifth of the human
population;
⃝ located at the Pacific Rim;
⃝ creates an industrial environment
that has awakened the human
entrepreneurial spirit of the realm;
⃝ surrounded by a series of mountain
ranges in the west, Russia in the
north, and Southeast Asia to the
south;
The Himalayas border Tibet and
Nepal; the Karakoram Ranges,
Pamirs, and the Tian Shan Mountains
shadow Central Asia; and the Altay
Mountains are next to Russia.
⃝ The Tibetan Plateau is the largest
plateau region of the world.
RIVER BASINS OF CHINA
Huang Ho River- named after the
lightcolored silt that washes into the
river. Crops; wheat, sorghum, corn,
and soybeans are common with
vegetables, fruit, and tobacco grown
in smaller plots.
Yangtze River- flows out of the
Tibetan Plateau Agricultural
production rice and wheat farming
The Three Gorge’s Dam -World’s
largest dam It produces a large
percentage of the electricity for central
China.
Liao River Basin and Songhua
River Basin Harbin and Shenyang -
Cities are industrial centers located
next to an industrial landscape of
smokestacks, factories, and factories
Pearl River -Basin Agricultural and
commercial district
CHINESE DYNASTIES AND
COLONIALISM
-2200 BCE
- North China Plain
-Created Chinese State
-Han Dynasty – 206 to 220 CE,
established Chinese identity
-Qing Dynasty- 1644 to 1911
CHINA
- had been an industrialized state for
centuries;
- Their industrial cities flourished with
the concepts of clean drinking water,
transportation, and technology. -
Paper, gunpowder, and printing were
used in China centuries before they
arrived in Europe).
- improved
THREE WAY SPLIT IN CHINA
Chinese Dynasties and European
Colonialism ended in 1911 ( the
republic of China initiated Dr. Sun
Yan-sen}
-Japanese Colonialism ended in WWII
- 1964 Mao Zedong Birth of the
People’s Republic of China
-Nationalist Chiang Kai-shek who fled
to Formosa
THE PEOPLE OF CHINA
- Mainly in China proper they
implemented the one-child policy
-about 1.412 billion as of 2021
- the one-child policy helped their
potential population to reduce but it
hasn’t been easy to implement this
policy
HONGKONG
- formerly colonized by British
- had an excellent port named Victoria
which is one of the best in Asia.
-was one of the major entry point into
China fro Britain during the colonial
era.
- the British outpost created a
doorway for their expansion into China
- they gained wealth through their
traditional manufacturing method with
highest value-added profits
-More than 95 percent of the seven
million people living in Hong Kong are
ethnically Chinese
-Hong Kong is a major financial and
banking center for Asia and has been
working with the Chinese government
to provide private banking services for
Chinese citizens.
TAIWAN
- separated from the Chinese
mainland by the Taiwan Strait.
-In 2010, the population of the island,
which is about the size of the US state
of Maryland, was twenty -two million.
- it is mountainous and has rugged
national parks
-most of the people in Taiwan live in
bustling cities along the coast.
- their economy continues to use its
skilled labor base.
-Mainly in years past their factories
produced textiles and light clothing
-They focus from secession to trade
-they elected a government offic who
is committed to strengthening trade
and investment with China
-Taiwan entered the World Trade
Organization (WTO) in 2001 using the
name Chinese Taipei.That move
started a cascade of actions that
“cross-strait” trading
conditions, and within just a few years,
direct trade between China and
Taiwan has become extensive
TIBET.
- Located in mountainous
southwestern China
-classified as one of China’s
autonomous regions, a disputed
political arrangement.
- had a complicated history with china
- they were under the control of China
during the qing dynasty
-When imperialist rule ended in China
in 1911, Tibet began to once again
assert its independence.
-When Communists took control of
China in 1949, the Dalai Lama was
originally allowed control over
domestic affairs while China would
control all other governmental
functions.
-Tibetans revolted in 1956. Backed by
the United States, the revolt continued
even as China indicated it would
suspend the transformation of Tibet.
- China brutally crushed the revolt in
1959, leaving tens of thousands of
Tibetans dead or imprisoned.
-The Dalai Lama and thousands of
Tibetans fled to Dharamsala, India,
where they established a government
in exile.
MONGOLIA
- Mongolia ranks as the world’s
nineteenth largest country in terms of
square miles. shares a similar
geography with much of Kazakhstan,
which is the world’s largest landlocked
nation; Mongolia is second-largest.
-Mountains, high plains, and grass-
covered steppe cover much of
Mongolia, a country that receives only
between four and ten inches of rain
per year, precipitation that usually
comes in the form of snow.
-has GOBI DESERT AND INNER
MONGOLIA
-Mongolia’s modern capital city of
Ulan Bator is home to about one -third
of the people of Mongolia; it has the
coldest average temperature of any
world capital.
-Mongol Empire 13th Century The
Soviet Union used Mongolia as a
buffer state with China
-Led by Genghis Khan
-Tibetan Buddhism is the dominant
religion in Mongolia and is practiced
by about 50 percent of the population.
-economy has traditionally been
centered on agriculture, but mining
has grown in recent years to be a
major economic sector. rich mineral
resources : coal, molybdenum,
copper, gold, tin, and tungsten.
JAPAN
- Consist of islands that lie along the
Pacific Rim east of China and across
the Sea of Japan from the Korean
Peninsula
-has 4 major island that makes up
most of the country; Shikoku, Kyushu,
Hokkaido, and Honshu.
-TOKYO has been verified as the
largest metropolitan urban area in the
world with a population of 26.7 million.
-it is a mountainous region, and most
of its large cities are located in low-
lying areas along the coast
- Shogun lords and samurai warriors
ruled Japan their society was also
highly organized and structured.
-their encounters with european
colonial ships prompted them to
industrialize
-they also kept the european out and
only traded with slected ships that
were allowed to approach the shores
- around 1868 a group of reformer
worked to bring about change
direction for Japan and it was named
after the emperor movement called
Meiji Restoration ( the return of
enlightened rule)
-they also began to undustriliazed and
build its economic and military by first
utilizing the resources from their own
country
-being the economic dragon of Asia
they had an enormous economic
impact on the EAST Asian
Community.
KOREA
- The Korean Peninsula juts out into
the Pacific Rim from northwestern
Asia
-The peninsula is bound by the Sea of
Japan (the East Sea) and the Yellow
Sea. North and South Korea share the
peninsula. These countries have been
separated by the Korean demilitarized
zone (DMZ) since 1953.
-South Korea has water pollution
associated with sewage discharge
and industrial effluent from its many
industrial centers
- Air pollution is severe at times in the
larger cities, which also contributes to
higher levels of acid rain.
NORTH KOREA
-has severe issues of water pollution
as well as deforestation and related
soil erosion and degradation. Other
issues imclude inadequate supplies of
clean drinking water and many
waterborne diseases.
-The government of North Korea
(Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea, or DPRK) was formed with the
leadership of Communist dictator Kim
Il Sung, who shaped his country with a
mix of Soviet and Chinese
authoritarian rule.
-Kim II Sung as Great Leader Kim
Jong II as Dear Leader
-North Korea is mainly mountainous;
there is little quality farmland. While
only 2 percent of the land is in
permanent crops, about a third of the
population works in agriculture.
-Juche is designed to keep Korea
from becoming dependent on the
outside. The policy of Juche has been
quite effective in isolating the people
of North Korea and keeping dictator
Kim Jong Il in power
-The best farmland in North Korea is
located south of the capital city of
Pyongyang. The capital is a restricted
area where only the most loyal to the
state can live.
SOUTH KOREA
-fully fledge democracy country in
1993
-capital city is Seoul and home of
almost 10 million people
-Seoul is located just south of the
Cease-Fire Line, also known as the
DMZ, which is referred to in general
terms as the thirty-eighth parallel,
even though it does not follow it
exactly. The United States has many
military installations in this area.
-manufactures (automobiles,
electronic goods, and textiles that are
sold around the world.)
- South Korea used state capitalism
to develop its economy.
-Buddhism was introduced into the
Korean Peninsula. Buddhism has
been a prominent religion in Korea for
centuries.
-The economic growth of the south
was a result of state -controlled
capitalism, rather than free enterprise
capitalism.
-The state has controlled or owned
most of the industrial operations and
sold its products in the global
marketplace.
JOSEON DYNASTY
• Yi Seonggye
• Extensive Confucianization where
Chinese statecraft and the
examination were copied more
closely.
• Yangban – had to devote
themselves to education in order to
gain office.
• The dynasty survived serious crises
such as Japanese and Manchu
invasions. • 18th century there were
increasing signs of economic growth,
social change, and new cultural
openness.
YI SEONGGYE RISE TO POWER
• King Gongmin of the Goryeo
Dynasty took steps to strengthen royal
power and, the military, expanded tax
revenue, and promoted Confucianism.
• Yi Senonggye, a powerful general
became the force behind the throne. •
Taejo (1392 to 1398)
• A bloodless dynastic transition
-Taejong, Sejong, and Sejo are
considered as the most successful
kings in Korean History.
-King Taejong created a new capital at
Hanyang, strengthened armed forces,
confiscated Buddhist temples and
monastery property, and created a
sound fiscal base for the state. -King
Sejong established a record of
accomplishment that far outshone any
of his successors. He improved both
the army and navy and extended the
Joseon territory north to the Yalu and
Tumen rivers. He revised the land
registration system. He published
books on agriculture and sericulture.
He founded the Hall of Worthies
(Jiphyeonjeon) in 1420. he also
established an agency to invent an
alphabet in 1443.
- Sundials, a new type of water clock,
and a rain gauge in 1442.
-Arts and crafts also flourished during
his time.
- King Sejo devoted himself to military
strategy and published three treaties.
-Authorized attacks against Jurchen in
1460 and 1467. He established the
Five Guards Command in 1466.
He adopted the famous Chinese ever-
normal granaries. He also ordered
that compilation of a major law code,
the Grand Institutes for Governing the
State
He antagonized Confucian officials.